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Chiu HW, Chou CL, Lee KT, Shih CC, Huang TH, Sung LC. Nattokinase attenuates endothelial inflammation through the activation of SRF and THBS1. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131779. [PMID: 38679250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Natto contains a potent fibrinolytic enzyme called nattokinase (NK), which has thrombolytic, antihypertensive, antiatherosclerotic and lipid-lowering effects. Although NK has been recognized for its beneficial effect on humans with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), the underlying mechanisms involved in vascular inflammation-atherosclerosis development remain largely unknown. The current study aimed to explore the effects of NK on gene regulation, autophagy, necroptosis and inflammasome in vascular inflammation. The transcriptional profiles of NK in endothelial cells (ECs) by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed that NK affected THBS1, SRF and SREBF1 mRNA expression. In Q-PCR analysis, SRF and THBS1 were upregulated but SREBF1 was unaffected in ECs treated with NK. NK treatment induced autophagy and inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome and necroptosis in ECs. Furthermore, the inhibition of SRF or THBS1 by siRNA suppressed autophagy and enhanced the NLRP3 inflammasome and necroptosis. In a mouse model, NK reduced vascular inflammation by activating autophagy and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and necroptosis. Our findings provide the first evidence that NK upregulates SRF and THBS1 genes, subsequently increasing autophagy and decreasing necroptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome formation to reduce vascular inflammation. Therefore, NK could serve as nutraceuticals or adjuvant therapies to reduce vascular inflammation and possible atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Lin Chou
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin Kuo Min Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Ta Lee
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Shih
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chin Sung
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of General Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Mohyeldin RH, Abdelzaher WY, Sharata EE, Mohamed HMA, Ahmed MYM, Attia JZ, Atta M, Saleh RK, Ghallab EA, Marey H, Elrehany MA, Rofaeil RR. Aprepitant boasted a protective effect against olanzapine-induced metabolic syndrome and its subsequent hepatic, renal, and ovarian dysfunction; Role of IGF 1/p-AKT/FOXO 1 and NFκB/IL-1β/TNF-α signaling pathways in female Wistar albino rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116020. [PMID: 38237301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Olanzapine-induced metabolic syndrome (MS) is a primary risk factor for insulin resistance, hepatorenal damage, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. The objective of the current study was to assess the protective effects of aprepitant (AP) against MS caused by olanzapine and the associated ovarian, renal, and liver dysfunction via modulation of IGF1/p-AKT/FOXO1 and NFκB/IL-1β/TNF-α signaling pathways. AP mitigated all biochemical and histopathological abnormalities induced by olanzapine and resulted in a significant reduction of serum HOMA-IR, lipid profile parameters, and a substantial decrease in hepatic, renal, and ovarian MDA, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, NFκB, and caspase 3. Serum AST, ALT, urea, creatinine, FSH, LH, and testosterone also decreased significantly by AP administration. The FOXO 1 signaling pathway was downregulated in the AP-treated group, while GSH, SOD, and HDL cholesterol levels were elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham H Mohyeldin
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt.
| | - Walaa Yehia Abdelzaher
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Ehab E Sharata
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt.
| | - Hamza M A Mohamed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y M Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Josef Zekry Attia
- Department of Anesthesia and I.C.U, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Medhat Atta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Rabeh Khairy Saleh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Elshimaa A Ghallab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt.
| | - Heba Marey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud A Elrehany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt.
| | - Remon Roshdy Rofaeil
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
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Hong X, Ma J, Zheng S, Zhao G, Fu C. Advances in the research and application of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:91-105. [PMID: 38303494 PMCID: PMC10835208 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the substance P (SP)/neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) system has been found to be involved in various human pathophysiological disorders including the symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Besides, studies in the oncological field have demonstrated an intricate correlation between the upregulation of NK-1R and the activation of SP/NK-1R system with the progression of multiple carcinoma types and poor clinical prognosis. These findings indicate that the modulation of SP/NK-1R system with NK-1R antagonists can be a potential broad-spectrum antitumor strategy. This review updates the latest potential and applications of NK-1R antagonists in the treatment of human diseases and cancers, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the strategies to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of NK-1R antagonist drugs are summarized, such as solid dispersion systems, nanonization, and nanoencapsulation. As a radiopharmaceutical therapeutic, the NK-1R antagonist aprepitant was originally developed as radioligand receptor to target NK-1R-overexpressing tumors. However, combining NK-1R antagonists with other drugs can produce a synergistic effect, thereby enhancing the therapeutic effect, alleviating the symptoms, and improving patients quality of life in several diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Hong
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Junjie Ma
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shanshan Zheng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guangyu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Caiyun Fu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Bonelli F, Campestre F, Lasagni Vitar RM, Demirsoy IH, Fonteyne P, Ferrari G. Aprepitant Restores Corneal Sensitivity and Reduces Pain in DED. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:9. [PMID: 38345550 PMCID: PMC10866158 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to assess the efficacy of two aprepitant formulations (X1 and X2), in a preclinical model of dry eye disease (DED) induced by benzalkonium chloride (BAK). Methods Two aprepitant formulations were tested on 7 to 8-week-old male mice for their efficacy. In vivo corneal fluorescein staining assessed epithelial damage as the primary end point on days 0, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 14 using slit-lamp microscopy. The DED model was induced with 0.2% BAK twice daily for the first week and once daily for the next week. Mice were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups: Aprepitant X1 (n = 10) and X2 (n = 10) formulation, 2 mg/mL dexamethasone (n = 10), control vehicle X (n = 10), 0.2% hyaluronic acid (n = 10), or no treatment (n = 10). Eye wiping, phenol red, and Cochet Bonnet tests assessed ocular pain, tear fluid secretion, and nerve function. After 7 days, the mice were euthanized to quantify leukocyte infiltration and corneal nerve density. Results Topical aprepitant X1 reduced BAK-induced corneal damage and pain compared to gel vehicle X (P = 0.007) and dexamethasone (P = 0.021). Aprepitant X1 and X2 improved corneal sensitivity versus gel vehicle X and dexamethasone (P < 0.001). Aprepitant X1 reduced leukocyte infiltration (P < 0.05) and enhanced corneal nerve density (P < 0.001). Tear fluid secretion remained statistically unchanged in both the X1 and X2 groups. Conclusions Aprepitant formulation X1 reduced pain, improved corneal sensitivity and nerve density, ameliorated epitheliopathy, and reduced leukocyte infiltration in male mouse corneas. Translational Relevance Aprepitant emerges as a safe, promising therapeutic prospect for the amelioration of DED's associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Bonelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Cell Biology–Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology–Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabiola Campestre
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ibrahim Halil Demirsoy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe Fonteyne
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Ebrahimi S, Erfani B, Alalikhan A, Ghorbani H, Farzadnia M, Afshari AR, Mashkani B, Hashemy SI. The In Vitro Pro-inflammatory Functions of the SP/NK1R System in Prostate Cancer: a Focus on Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) and Its Pro-inflammatory Target Genes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7796-7807. [PMID: 37093533 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04495-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the main global health threats for men which is in close association with chronic inflammation. Neuropeptide substance P (SP), acting through neurokinin receptor (NK-1R), induces various pro-inflammatory responses which are strongly involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases as well as cancer. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the pro-inflammatory functions of the SP/NK1R complex in prostate cancer and the therapeutic effects of its inhibition by NK-1R antagonist, aprepitant, in vitro. MTT assay was conducted for the cytotoxicity assessment of aprepitant in prostate cancer cells. The protein expression levels were evaluated by Western blot assay. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to measure mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Concurrently, the protein concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines were also analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We observed that SP increased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), while treatment with aprepitant reduced the effects of SP. We also indicated that SP increased the protein levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), as the main regulator of inflammatory processes, and also an NF-κB target gene, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in prostate cancer cells, while treatment with aprepitant reversed these effects. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of the SP/NK1R system in the modulation of pro-inflammatory responses in prostate cancer cells and suggest that aprepitant may be developed as a novel anti-inflammatory agent for the management of cancer-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahareh Erfani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Alalikhan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Ghorbani
- Kidney Transplantation Complication Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farzadnia
- Department of Pathology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - BaratAli Mashkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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6
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Zheng Y, Wang N, Chen Z, Shi L, Xu X. Blocking SP/NK1R signaling improves spinal cord hemisection by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rabbits. J Spinal Cord Med 2023; 46:848-858. [PMID: 35776091 PMCID: PMC10446800 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2021.2024029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) is the most common spinal cord injury in clinic, however its mechanism is still not fully understood. DESIGN We constructed the rabbit spinal cord hemisection (SCH) model and used RT-PCR, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence experiments to explore the potential mechanism of SCI. SETTING The sham operation (SH) group, the observation (OB, which is the SCH) group, the OB+ substance p (SP) inhibitor group, the OB + NK1R inhibitor group, the OB + NK1R agonist group and the OB + SP inhibitor + NK1R agonist group. PARTICIPANTS New Zealand white rabbits. INTERVENTIONS Use NK1R inhibitors, NK1R agonists, SP inhibitors to treat the SCH model. OUTCOME MEASURES IL-1β, IKKγ, IL-6 and NF-κB. RESULTS The results showed that nissl bodies, inflammatory cells and SP increased notably in the spinal cord cells of the rabbit SCH model. Through in vivo experiments with SP or NK1R inhibitors or NK1R agonists, we found that inhibiting SP/NK1R signaling can help improve SCH by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IKKγ, IL-6 and NF-κB. REGISTERED TRIALS Animal experiments were approved by Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehuan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Department of Nursing, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Xiao L, Li X, Fang C, Yu J, Chen T. Neurotransmitters: promising immune modulators in the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1118637. [PMID: 37215113 PMCID: PMC10196476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is modified by its cellular or acellular components throughout the whole period of tumor development. The dynamic modulation can reprogram tumor initiation, growth, invasion, metastasis, and response to therapies. Hence, the focus of cancer research and intervention has gradually shifted to TME components and their interactions. Accumulated evidence indicates neural and immune factors play a distinct role in modulating TME synergistically. Among the complicated interactions, neurotransmitters, the traditional neural regulators, mediate some crucial regulatory functions. Nevertheless, knowledge of the exact mechanisms is still scarce. Meanwhile, therapies targeting the TME remain unsatisfactory. It holds a great prospect to reveal the molecular mechanism by which the interplay between the nervous and immune systems regulate cancer progression for laying a vivid landscape of tumor development and improving clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Xiao
- Department of General Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xunjun Li
- Department of General Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanfa Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of General Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of General Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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Chen W, Zhao Y, Dai Y, Nie K. Gastrointestinal inflammation plays a critical role in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 936:175379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of paeonol derivatives with etherized aryl urea by regulating TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cell. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:105939. [PMID: 35700569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-three novel paeonol etherized aryl urea derivatives (PEUs) were synthesized via a bromination-Williamson Ether Synthesis-deprotection-nucleophilic addition reaction sequence. The structures of PEUs were characterized by LC-MS, HRMS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. The levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages were initially employed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of all compounds. Remarkably, b16 exhibited a good anti-inflammatory activity at 2.5 μm which is the same as the potency of paeonol at 20 μm. The results of mechanism research displayed that the anti-inflammatory effect of b16 was ascribed to the inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway and inflammatory factors. Additionally, b16 distinctly reduced the generation of free radicals in macrophages and strikingly increased the mitochondrial membrane potential. According to the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of PEUs, the incorporation of halogens on the benzene ring and the hydrogen of phenol hydroxyl substituted by aryl urea, were beneficial to enhance the anti-inflammatory activities. Molecular docking results illustrated that the binding ability of b16 to TLR4 was stronger than that of paeonol. In summary, the novel aryl urea-derivied paeonol b16 could be a new promising candidate for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
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The Emerging Role of Neurokinin-1 Receptor Blockade Using Aprepitant in the Redox System of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10399-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ebrahimi S, Alalikhan A, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Hashemy SI. The redox modulatory effects of SP/NK1R system: Implications for oxidative stress-associated disorders. Life Sci 2022; 296:120448. [PMID: 35247438 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress which refers to redox imbalance with increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been associated with the pathophysiology of diverse disease conditions. Recently, a close, yet not fully understood, relation between oxidative stress and neuropeptides, in particular, substance P (SP), has been reported in certain conditions. SP has been shown to affect the cellular redox environment through activation of neurokinin-1receptor (NK1R). It seems that SP/NK1R system and oxidative stress can act either synergistically or antagonistically in a context-dependent manner, thereby, influencing the pathology of various clinical disorders either destructively or protectively. Importantly, the interactions between oxidative stress and SP/NK1R system can be pharmacologically targeted. Therefore, a better understanding of the redox modulatory properties of SP/NK1R signaling will pave the way for identifying new therapeutic possibilities for attenuating oxidative stress-mediated damage. Towards this end, we performed a comprehensive search through PubMed/Medline and Scopus databases and discussed all related existing literature regarding the interplay between oxidative stress and SP/NK1R system as well as their implication in various clinical disorders, to provide a clear view and hence better management of oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Alalikhan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Hafez HM, Waz S, Rifaai RA, Mohamed MZ. Involvement of NOX-4/JAK/STAT pathway in the protective effect of aprepitant against diclofenac-induced renal toxicity. Life Sci 2022; 294:120381. [PMID: 35143828 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Aprepitant, a neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist, is a clinically approved anti-emetic drug. Recently, inhibition of the NK1 receptor has been reported as a potential nephroprotective strategy. We aimed to assess the pharmacological mechanisms of aprepitant against diclofenac (DIC)-induced renal toxicity. MAIN METHODS An in vivo study was conducted using twenty-four male Wistar rats, divided into 4 groups. Aprepitant was administered for 5 days (5 mg/kg/day) with or without DIC which was given on the 4th and 5th days (50 mg/kg, i.p.). At the end of the study, renal function biomarkers, renal oxidative parameters, prostaglandin E (PGE-2), and NADPH oxidase (NOX-4) were measured. Histopathological changes as well as expression of renal inflammatory and apoptotic markers (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and caspase-3) were investigated. KEY FINDINGS DIC caused significant renal damage, as evidenced by deterioration of renal functions, oxidative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic markers, and confirmed by histopathological findings. Pretreatment with aprepitant successfully ameliorated and improved all biochemical and molecular parameters induced by DIC. Moreover, aprepitant restored the decrease in renal PGE-2 concentration and inhibited DIC-activated Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling in renal tissues. SIGNIFICANCE The protective effect of aprepitant is possibly attributed to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory roles via the NOX-4/JAK/STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Hafez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa Waz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Rehab Ahmed Rifaai
- Department of Histology and Cell biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Mervat Z Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
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Yang Y, Zhou W, Xu X, Ge X, Wang F, Zhang GQ, Miao L, Deng X. Aprepitant Inhibits JNK and p38/MAPK to Attenuate Inflammation and Suppresses Inflammatory Pain. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:811584. [PMID: 35087409 PMCID: PMC8786910 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.811584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance P contributes to the pathogenesis of pain by acting on NK-1R, specialized sensory neurons that detect noxious stimuli. Aprepitant, an antagonist of NK-1R, is widely used to treat chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. In this study, we used LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia cell line and animal models of inflammatory pain to explore the analgesic effect of aprepitant on inflammatory pain and its underlying mechanism. The excitability of DRG neurons were measured using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. The behavioral tests were measured and the morphological changes on inflamed paw sections were determined by HE staining. Changes in the expressions of cytokine were measured by using real-time quantitative PCR analysis and ELISA method. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to detect the microglia activation and MAPK. Aprepitant treatment significantly inhibited the excitability of DRG neurons. The pain behavior and the paw tissues inflammatory damage were significantly relived after the administration of aprepitant compared to formalin group. Aprepitant significantly suppressed the activation of microglia, phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK, as well as the mRNA and protein expressions of MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, in vivo and in vitro. The LPS-induced over-translocation into nucleus of NF-κBp65 was down-regulated following aprepitant treatment in BV-2 cells. The present study suggests that aprepitant attenuates inflammatory pain in mice via suppressing the phosphorylation of JNK and p38, and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuqi Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianxiu Ge
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang-Qin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Miao
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueting Deng
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Qiu L, Liu X, Li W, Liu Z, Xu C, Xia H. Downregulation of p300/CBP-associated factor inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis via suppression of NF-κB pathway in ischaemia/reperfusion injury rats. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10224-10235. [PMID: 34601814 PMCID: PMC8572777 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is the main reason of cardiac injury after myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury (MIRI), but the role of p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) on myocardial apoptosis in MIRI is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the main mechanism of PCAF modulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis in MIRI. The MIRI model was constructed by ligation of the rat left anterior descending coronary vessel for 30 min and reperfusion for 24 h in vivo. H9c2 cells were harvested after induced by hypoxia for 6 h and then reoxygenation for 24 h (H/R) in vitro. The RNA interference PCAF expression adenovirus was transfected into rat myocardium and H9c2 cells. The area of myocardial infarction, cardiac function, myocardial injury marker levels, apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress were detected respectively. Both I/R and H/R remarkably upregulated the expression of PCAF, and downregulation of PCAF significantly attenuated myocardial apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress caused by I/R and H/R. In addition, downregulation of PCAF inhibited the activation of NF-κB signalling pathway in cardiomyocytes undergoing H/R. Pretreatment of lipopolysaccharide, a NF-κB pathway activator, could blunt these protective effects of PCAF downregulation on myocardial apoptosis in MIRI. These results highlight that downregulation of PCAF could reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, thereby providing protection for MIRI. Therefore, PCAF might be a promising target for protecting against cardiac dysfunction induced by MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianyou Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhebo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changwu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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Kose D, Un H, Ugan RA, Halici Z, Cadirci E, Tastan TB, Kahramanlar A. Aprepitant: an antiemetic drug, contributes to the prevention of acute lung injury with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1302-1309. [PMID: 34160038 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated, the effects of aprepitant (APRE) on the lung tissues of rats with an experimental polymicrobial sepsis model (CLP: cecal ligation and puncture) biochemically, molecularly and histopathologically. METHODS A total of 40 rats were divided into 5 groups with 8 animals in each group. Group 1 (SHAM), control group; Group 2 (CLP), cecal ligation and puncture; Group 3 (CLP + APRE10), rats were administered CLP + 10 mg/kg aprepitant; Group 4 (CLP + APRE20), rats were administered CLP + 20 mg/kg aprepitant; and Group 5 (CLP + APRE40), rats were administered CLP + 40 mg/kg aprepitant. A polymicrobial sepsis model was induced with CLP. After 16 h, lung tissues were taken for examination. Tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor-kappa b (NFK-b) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions were analysed by real-time PCR (RT-PCR), biochemically antioxidant parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) and oxidant parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and lung damage histopathologically. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS The GSH level and SOD activity increased while the MDA level and the expressions of TNF-α and NFK-b were reduced in the groups treated with APRE, especially in the CLP + APRE40 group. The histopathology results supported the molecular and biochemical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Kose
- Clinical Research, Development and Design Application, and Research Center, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Harun Un
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Agri İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Rustem Anil Ugan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zekai Halici
- Clinical Research, Development and Design Application, and Research Center, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Cadirci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tugba Bal Tastan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology Department, Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Kahramanlar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Ghahremani F, Sabbaghzadeh R, Ebrahimi S, Javid H, Ghahremani J, Hashemy SI. Pathogenic role of the SP/ NK1R system in GBM cells through inhibiting the thioredoxin system. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:499-505. [PMID: 34094032 PMCID: PMC8143719 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.52902.11945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a highly aggressive Grade IV brain tumor, is a significant public health issue due to its poor prognosis and incurability. Neuropeptide substance P (SP) plays a critical role in GBM tumor growth and development via activation of neurokinin-1receptor (NK1R). Moreover, SP is a pro-oxidant factor contributing to oxidative stress in various cell types. However, the link between SP and oxidative stress in cancer cells is not fully investigated. Here, we aimed to identify the effects of SP and NK1R antagonist, aprepitant, on the redox status of GBM cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Resazurin assay was employed to determine the effect of aprepitant on viability of U87 glioblastoma cells. 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) assay was employed to measure the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to measure the expression of proteins of the thioredoxin system. Commercial kits (ZellBio GmbH) were also used to measure the enzymatic activity of these proteins. RESULTS We found that SP increased ROS level in U87 GBM cells, and aprepitant significantly reduced this effect. Furthermore, we found that SP could also affect the thioredoxin system, a central antioxidant enzyme defense system. SP reduced both expression and enzymatic activity of the thioredoxin system's proteins, Trx and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and these effects were significantly reduced by aprepitant. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that SP activation of NK1R represented a link between oxidative stress and GBM and highlighted the need for further validations in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghahremani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Sabbaghzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Safieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hosein Javid
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Ghahremani
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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The Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist Aprepitant: An Intelligent Bullet against Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092682. [PMID: 32962202 PMCID: PMC7564414 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) antagonists exert antitumor action, are safe and do not cause serious side-effects. These antagonists (via the NK-1R) exert multiple actions against cancer: antiproliferative and anti-Warburg effects and apoptotic, anti-angiogenic and antimetastatic effects. These multiple effects have been shown for a broad spectrum of cancers. The drug aprepitant (an NK-1R antagonist) is currently used in clinical practice as an antiemetic. In in vivo and in vitro studies, aprepitant also showed the aforementioned multiple antitumor actions against many types of cancer. A successful combination therapy (aprepitant and radiotherapy) has recently been reported in a patient suffering from lung carcinoma: the tumor mass disappeared and side-effects were not observed. Aprepitant could be considered as an intelligent bullet against cancer. The administration of aprepitant in cancer patients to prevent recurrence and metastasis after surgical procedures, thrombosis and thromboembolism is discussed, as is the possible link, through the substance P (SP)/NK-1R system, between cancer and depression. Our main aim is to review the multiple antitumor actions exerted by aprepitant, and the use of this drug is suggested in cancer patients. Altogether, the data support the reprofiling of aprepitant for a new therapeutic use as an antitumor agent.
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