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Dhameliya TM, Vekariya DD, Bhatt PR, Kachroo T, Virani KD, Patel KR, Bhatt S, Dholakia SP. Synthetic account on indoles and their analogues as potential anti-plasmodial agents. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10842-8. [PMID: 38709459 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Malaria caused by P. falciparum, has been recognized as one of the major infectious diseases causing the death of several patients as per the reports from the World Health Organization. In search of effective therapeutic agents against malaria, several research groups have started working on the design and development of novel heterocycles as anti-malarial agents. Heterocycles have been recognized as the pharmacophoric features for the different types of medicinally important activities. Among all these heterocycles, nitrogen containing aza-heterocycles should not be underestimated owing to their wide therapeutic window. Amongst the aza-heterocycles, indoles and fused indoles such as marinoquinolines, isocryptolepines and their regioisomers, manzamines, neocryptolenines, and indolones have been recognized as anti-malarial agents active against P. falciparum. The present work unleashes the synthetic attempts of anti-malarial indoles and fused indoles through cyclocondensation, Fischer-indole synthesis, etc. along with the brief discussions on structure-activity relationships, in vitro or in vivo studies for the broader interest of these medicinal chemists, working on their design and development as potential anti-malarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas M Dhameliya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India.
- Present Address: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, Gujarat, India.
| | - Drashtiben D Vekariya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Pooja R Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Tarun Kachroo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Kumkum D Virani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Khushi R Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Shelly Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
| | - Sandip P Dholakia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380 009, Gujarat, India
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Di Chio C, Starvaggi J, Totaro N, Previti S, Natale B, Cosconati S, Bogacz M, Schirmeister T, Legac J, Rosenthal PJ, Zappalà M, Ettari R. Development of Novel Peptidyl Nitriles Targeting Rhodesain and Falcipain-2 for the Treatment of Sleeping Sickness and Malaria. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4410. [PMID: 38673995 PMCID: PMC11050014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, neglected tropical diseases and poverty-related diseases have become a serious health problem worldwide. Among these pathologies, human African trypanosomiasis, and malaria present therapeutic problems due to the onset of resistance, toxicity problems and the limited spectrum of action. In this drug discovery process, rhodesain and falcipain-2, of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Plasmodium falciparum, are currently considered the most promising targets for the development of novel antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial agents, respectively. Therefore, in our study we identified a novel lead-like compound, i.e., inhibitor 2b, which we proved to be active against both targets, with a Ki = 5.06 µM towards rhodesain and an IC50 = 40.43 µM against falcipain-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Di Chio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.D.C.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Josè Starvaggi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.D.C.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Noemi Totaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.D.C.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Santo Previti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.D.C.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Benito Natale
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (B.N.); (S.C.)
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (B.N.); (S.C.)
| | - Marta Bogacz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstraße, 10, DE 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Tanja Schirmeister
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, DE 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Jenny Legac
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; (J.L.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Philip J. Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA; (J.L.); (P.J.R.)
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.D.C.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.P.); (M.Z.)
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.D.C.); (J.S.); (N.T.); (S.P.); (M.Z.)
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3
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Girgis AS, Panda SS, Kariuki BM, Bekheit MS, Barghash RF, Aboshouk DR. Indole-Based Compounds as Potential Drug Candidates for SARS-CoV-2. Molecules 2023; 28:6603. [PMID: 37764378 PMCID: PMC10537473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant threat to society in recent times, endangering human health, life, and economic well-being. The disease quickly spreads due to the highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has undergone numerous mutations. Despite intense research efforts by the scientific community since its emergence in 2019, no effective therapeutics have been discovered yet. While some repurposed drugs have been used to control the global outbreak and save lives, none have proven universally effective, particularly for severely infected patients. Although the spread of the disease is generally under control, anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents are still needed to combat current and future infections. This study reviews some of the most promising repurposed drugs containing indolyl heterocycle, which is an essential scaffold of many alkaloids with diverse bio-properties in various biological fields. The study also discusses natural and synthetic indole-containing compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties and computer-aided drug design (in silico studies) for optimizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 hits/leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel S. Girgis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.S.B.); (R.F.B.); (D.R.A.)
| | - Siva S. Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Benson M. Kariuki
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK; (B.M.K.)
| | - Mohamed S. Bekheit
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.S.B.); (R.F.B.); (D.R.A.)
| | - Reham F. Barghash
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.S.B.); (R.F.B.); (D.R.A.)
| | - Dalia R. Aboshouk
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.S.B.); (R.F.B.); (D.R.A.)
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Indradi RB, Muhaimin M, Barliana MI, Khatib A. Potential Plant-Based New Antiplasmodial Agent Used in Papua Island, Indonesia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091813. [PMID: 37176870 PMCID: PMC10181418 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to antimalarial medicine remains a threat to the global effort for malaria eradication. The World Health Organization recently reported that artemisinin partial resistance, which was defined as delayed parasite clearance, was detected in Southeast Asia, particularly in the Greater Mekong subregion, and in Africa, particularly in Rwanda and Uganda. Therefore, the discovery of a potential new drug is important to overcome emerging drug resistance. Natural products have played an important role in drug development over the centuries, including the development of antimalarial drugs, with most of it influenced by traditional use. Recent research on traditional medicine used as an antimalarial treatment on Papua Island, Indonesia, reported that 72 plant species have been used as traditional medicine, with Alstonia scholaris, Carica papaya, Andrographis paniculata, and Physalis minima as the most frequently used medicinal plants. This review aimed to highlight the current research status of these plants for potential novel antiplasmodial development. In conclusion, A. paniculata has the highest potential to be developed as an antiplasmodial, and its extract and known bioactive isolate andrographolide posed strong activity both in vitro and in vivo. A. scholaris and C. papaya also have the potential to be further investigated as both have good potential for their antiplasmodial activities in vivo. However, P. minima is a less studied medicinal plant; nevertheless, it opens the opportunity to explore the potential of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raden Bayu Indradi
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Center of Herbal Study, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Muhaimin Muhaimin
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Center of Herbal Study, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Melisa Intan Barliana
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
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Peng X, Rahim A, Peng W, Jiang F, Gu Z, Wen S. Recent Progress in Cyclic Aryliodonium Chemistry: Syntheses and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1364-1416. [PMID: 36649301 PMCID: PMC9951228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypervalent aryliodoumiums are intensively investigated as arylating agents. They are excellent surrogates to aryl halides, and moreover they exhibit better reactivity, which allows the corresponding arylation reactions to be performed under mild conditions. In the past decades, acyclic aryliodoniums are widely explored as arylation agents. However, the unmet need for acyclic aryliodoniums is the improvement of their notoriously low reaction economy because the coproduced aryl iodides during the arylation are often wasted. Cyclic aryliodoniums have their intrinsic advantage in terms of reaction economy, and they have started to receive considerable attention due to their valuable synthetic applications to initiate cascade reactions, which can enable the construction of complex structures, including polycycles with potential pharmaceutical and functional properties. Here, we are summarizing the recent advances made in the research field of cyclic aryliodoniums, including the nascent design of aryliodonium species and their synthetic applications. First, the general preparation of typical diphenyl iodoniums is described, followed by the construction of heterocyclic iodoniums and monoaryl iodoniums. Then, the initiated arylations coupled with subsequent domino reactions are summarized to construct polycycles. Meanwhile, the advances in cyclic aryliodoniums for building biaryls including axial atropisomers are discussed in a systematic manner. Finally, a very recent advance of cyclic aryliodoniums employed as halogen-bonding organocatalysts is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Peng
- College
of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular
and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Province
Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou341000, P.R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation
Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen
University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou510060, P. R. China
| | - Abdur Rahim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and
Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei230026, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Peng
- College
of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular
and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Province
Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou341000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- College
of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular
and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Province
Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou341000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and
Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei230026, P. R. China
| | - Shijun Wen
- State
Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation
Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen
University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou510060, P. R. China
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6
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Study the crystal structure of 4,4′-(propane-1,3-diyl)dipiperidinium sulfate monohydrate and its hydrogen bond catalytic activity in the mechanochemical synthesis of BIMs. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Park I, Nam H, Goo D, Wickramasuriya SS, Zimmerman N, Smith AH, Rehberger TG, Lillehoj HS. Gut Microbiota-Derived Indole-3-Carboxylate Influences Mucosal Integrity and Immunity Through the Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors and Nutrient Transporters in Broiler Chickens Challenged With Eimeria maxima. Front Immunol 2022; 13:867754. [PMID: 35812452 PMCID: PMC9259858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of indole-3-carboxylate (ICOOH) as a postbiotic on maintaining intestinal homeostasis against avian coccidiosis. In the first study, an in vitro culture system was used to investigate the effects of ICOOH on the proinflammatory cytokine response of chicken macrophage cells (CMCs), gut integrity of chicken intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), differentiation of quail muscle cells (QMCs), and primary chicken embryonic muscle cells (PMCs) and anti-parasitic effect against Eimeria maxima. Cells to be tested were seeded in the 24-well plates and treated with ICOOH at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 µg. CMCs were first stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an innate immune response, and QMCs and PMCs were treated with 0.5% and 2% fetal bovine serum, respectively, before they were treated with ICOOH. After 18 h of incubation, cells were harvested, and RT-PCR was performed to measure gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines of CMCs, tight junction (TJ) proteins of IECs, and muscle cell growth markers of QMCs and PMCs. In the second study, in vivo trials were carried out to study the effect of dietary ICOOH on disease parameters in broiler chickens infected with E. maxima. One hundred twenty male broiler chickens (0-day-old) were allocated into the following four treatment groups: 1) basal diet without infection (CON), 2) basal diet with E. maxima (NC), 3) ICOOH at 10.0 mg/kg feed with E. maxima (HI), and 4) ICOOH at 1.0 mg/kg feed with E. maxima (LO). Body weights (BWs) were measured on 0, 7, 14, 20, and 22 days. All groups except the CON chickens were orally infected with E. maxima on day 14. Jejunal samples were collected for lesion score and the transcriptomic analysis of cytokines and TJ proteins. In vitro, ICOOH increased the expression of TJ proteins in IECs and decreased IL-1β and IL-8 transcripts in the LPS-stimulated CMCs. In vivo, chickens on the HI diet showed reduced jejunal IL-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-10 expression and increased expression of genes activated by aryl hydrocarbon receptors and nutrient transporters in E. maxima-infected chickens. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the beneficial effects of dietary ICOOH on intestinal immune responses and barrier integrity in broiler chickens challenged with E. maxima. Furthermore, the present finding supports the notion to use microbial metabolites as novel feed additives to enhance resilience in animal agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkyung Park
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Hyoyoun Nam
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Doyun Goo
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Samiru S. Wickramasuriya
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Noah Zimmerman
- Arm & Hammer Animal and Food Production, Waukesha, WI, United States
| | | | | | - Hyun S. Lillehoj
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Hyun S. Lillehoj,
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Sevik Kilicaslan O, Cretton S, Quirós-Guerrero L, Bella MA, Kaiser M, Mäser P, Ndongo JT, Cuendet M. Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Compounds from Pleiocarpa bicarpellata and Their In Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:2200. [PMID: 35408605 PMCID: PMC9000413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Pleiocarpa are used in traditional medicine against fever and malaria. The present study focuses on the isolation and identification of bioactive compounds from P. bicarpellata extracts, and the evaluation of their antiprotozoal activity. Fractionation and isolation combined to LC-HRMS/MS-based dereplication provided 16 compounds: seven indole alkaloids, four indoline alkaloids, two secoiridoid glycosides, two iridoid glycosides, and one phenolic glucoside. One of the quaternary indole alkaloids (7) and one indoline alkaloid (15) have never been reported before. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments, UV, IR, and HRESIMS data. The absolute configurations were determined by comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD data. The extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated for their antiprotozoal activity towards Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani, and Plasmodium falciparum, as well as for their cytotoxicity against rat skeletal myoblast L6 cells. The dichloromethane/methanol (1:1) root extract showed strong activity against P. falciparum (IC50 value of 3.5 µg/mL). Among the compounds isolated, tubotaiwine (13) displayed the most significant antiplasmodial activity with an IC50 value of 8.5 µM and a selectivity index of 23.4. Therefore, P. bicarpallata extract can be considered as a source of indole alkaloids with antiplasmodial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Sevik Kilicaslan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (O.S.K.); (S.C.); (L.Q.-G.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvian Cretton
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (O.S.K.); (S.C.); (L.Q.-G.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luis Quirós-Guerrero
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (O.S.K.); (S.C.); (L.Q.-G.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Merveilles A. Bella
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé P.O. Box 47, Cameroon; (M.A.B.); (J.T.N.)
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (M.K.); (P.M.)
- University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (M.K.); (P.M.)
- University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joseph T. Ndongo
- Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé P.O. Box 47, Cameroon; (M.A.B.); (J.T.N.)
| | - Muriel Cuendet
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; (O.S.K.); (S.C.); (L.Q.-G.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Recent Progress in the Development of Indole-Based Compounds Active against Malaria, Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27010319. [PMID: 35011552 PMCID: PMC8746838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human protozoan diseases represent a serious health problem worldwide, affecting mainly people in social and economic vulnerability. These diseases have attracted little investment in drug discovery, which is reflected in the limited available therapeutic arsenal. Authorized drugs present problems such as low efficacy in some stages of the disease or toxicity, which result in undesirable side effects and treatment abandonment. Moreover, the emergence of drug-resistant parasite strains makes necessary an even greater effort to develop safe and effective antiparasitic agents. Among the chemotypes investigated for parasitic diseases, the indole nucleus has emerged as a privileged molecular scaffold for the generation of new drug candidates. In this review, the authors provide an overview of the indole-based compounds developed against important parasitic diseases, namely malaria, trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis, by focusing on the design, optimization and synthesis of the most relevant synthetic indole scaffolds recently reported.
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Bogdanov AV, Andreeva OV, Belenok MG, Voloshina AD, Enikeeva KI, Samorodov AV, Mironov VF. Synthesis of Triazolylisatins Glycoconjugates and Some Ammonium Hydrazones on Their Basis. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221070045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Chauhan M, Saxena A, Saha B. An insight in anti-malarial potential of indole scaffold: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113400. [PMID: 33823394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a major parasitic disease in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Pertaining to the sustaining resistance in malarial parasite against the available drugs, novel treatment options are the need of the hour. In this resolve recently, focus has shifted to finding the natural alternatives that possess anti-plasmodial activity for combatting malaria. Drawing on the text written in ancient scriptures and Ayurveda, natural compounds are now being screened for their therapeutic properties. Indole is one such natural compound, present in all living organisms, it displays a range of therapeutic activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial etc. In this review, we have discussed various indole scaffold as well as the semi-synthetic drugs containing indole moiety that have been synthesized for malaria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjali Saxena
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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