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Delie A, Dagnaw GG, Gessese AT, Dejene H. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of government workers on zoonotic parasites in pet animals: a study in Central Gondar Zone, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2270. [PMID: 39169356 PMCID: PMC11337849 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitic zoonoses are infections transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans, posing serious public health risks and significant economic consequences. The study aimed at assessing government workers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding zoonotic parasites of pet animals in Ethiopia's central Gondar zone. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in selected towns of Central Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia from January 2022 to August 2022. Four hundred randomly selected government employees participated in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured questionnaire administered by face-to-face interview. The chi-squared (χ2) was calculated for association and p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS A 57.25% of respondents were males and 42.75% were females. Most of the respondents, 67.5%, had completed college/university education. About 60% of the respondents had 'high knowledge', 57.25% had 'positive attitude', and 73% had 'good practice' regarding pet animals as a source of zoonotic parasites. The chi-square analysis revealed a significant discrepancy (p < 0.05) between knowledge with sex, educational level, and position in the house. The attitude level was significantly associated (p < 0.05) with educational level, religious view, and service year. Significant association was also observed (p < 0.05) between practice level of the respondents and educational level and marital status. The study also showed a significant association between knowledge and attitude (χ2 = 40.4, p ≤ 0.001), knowledge and practice (χ2 = 34.9, p ≤ 0.001), and attitude and practice (χ2 = 12.76, p = 0.013) of the respondents. CONCLUSION Although our results revealed that more than half of the participants had good knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding zoonotic parasites of pet animals, enhanced routine hygienic practices and regular awareness creation programs are recommended to bridge existing gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adanie Delie
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Getaneh Dagnaw
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Tesfaye Gessese
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Haileyesus Dejene
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
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Tomar G, Pal S, Patidar N, Gaikwad H. An Unusual Presentation of Periorbital Cysticercosis Mimicking a Dermoid Cyst. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2024; 15:163-168. [PMID: 38405162 PMCID: PMC10890801 DOI: 10.1159/000536347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cysticercosis is a parasitic infestation caused by Taenia solium, which is a pork tape worm. Humans are the definitive host, and pigs are the intermediate host. It is more prevalent in low socioeconomic regions with poor hygiene and among populations where undercooked pork is consumed. Case Presentation We hereby report an uncommon site of cyst lodgment and duration of presentation in a 24-year-old male who presented with a firm, non-tender mass over the superomedial aspect of the right orbital rim, superior to the medial canthal tendon for the last 9 years. Chronic presentation and location of the mass led to the tentative diagnosis of a dermoid cyst. Hence, a CECT orbit was advised to assess the extent and attachment of the mass. Unexpectedly, a cystic lesion with hyperdense nidus, suggestive of cysticercosis, was identified. Histopathology of the excised mass confirmed the diagnosis of cysticercosis. Conclusion Our case emphasizes the importance of an uncommon site and chronic presentation in cases of cysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Tomar
- Department of Orbit and Oculoplasty, Sadguru Netra Chikitsalaya, Chitrakoot, India
| | - Sandeep Pal
- Department of Orbit and Oculoplasty, Sadguru Netra Chikitsalaya, Chitrakoot, India
| | - Narendra Patidar
- Department of Orbit and Oculoplasty, Sadguru Netra Chikitsalaya, Chitrakoot, India
| | - Himanshu Gaikwad
- Department of Orbit and Oculoplasty, Sadguru Netra Chikitsalaya, Chitrakoot, India
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Verma P, Rishi B, George NG, Kushwaha N, Dhandha H, Kaur M, Jain A, Jain A, Chaudhry S, Singh A, Siraj F, Misra A. Recent advances and future directions in etiopathogenesis and mechanisms of reactive oxygen species in cancer treatment. Pathol Oncol Res 2023; 29:1611415. [PMID: 37920248 PMCID: PMC10618351 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2023.1611415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
A class of exceptionally bioactive molecules known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been widely studied in the context of cancer. They play a significant role in the etiopathogenesis for cancer. Implication of ROS in cancer biology is an evolving area, considering the recent advances; insights into their generation, role of genomic and epigenetic regulators for ROS, earlier thought to be a chemical process, with interrelations with cell death pathways- Apoptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis and autophagy has been explored for newer targets that shift the balance of ROS towards cancer cell death. ROS are signal transducers that induce angiogenesis, invasion, cell migration, and proliferation at low to moderate concentrations and are considered normal by-products of a range of biological activities. Although ROS is known to exist in the oncology domain since time immemorial, its excessive quantities are known to damage organelles, membranes, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, resulting in cell death. In the last two decades, numerous studies have demonstrated immunotherapies and other anticancer treatments that modulate ROS levels have promising in vitro and in vivo effects. This review also explores recent targets for therapeutic interventions in cancer that are based on ROS generation or inhibition to disrupt the cell oxidative stress balance. Examples include-metabolic targets, targeted therapy with biomarkers, natural extracts and nutraceuticals and targets developed in the area of nano medicine. In this review, we present the molecular pathways which can be used to create therapy plans that target cancer by regulating ROS levels, particularly current developments and potential prospects for the effective implementation of ROS-mediated therapies in clinical settings. The recent advances in complex interaction with apoptosis especially ferroptosis and its role in epigenomics and modifications are a new paradigm, to just mechanical action of ROS, as highlighted in this review. Their inhibition by nutraceuticals and natural extracts has been a scientific challenging avenue that is explored. Also, the inhibition of generation of ROS by inhibitors, immune modulators and inhibitors of apoptosis and ferroptosis is explored in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Verma
- Department of Health Research, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhavika Rishi
- Department of Health Research, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Noreen Grace George
- Department of Health Research, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Neetu Kushwaha
- Department of Health Research, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Himanshu Dhandha
- Department of Health Research, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Health Research, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankur Jain
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Jain
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumita Chaudhry
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Amitabh Singh
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Fouzia Siraj
- Department of Health Research, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Aroonima Misra
- Department of Health Research, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
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Das JK, Das D, Deshmukh S, Gupta K, Tomar SS, Borah E. Live encysted Thelazia callipaeda presenting as a lump adjacent to the right lacrimal sac in a 42-year-old female: A rare case report. Indian J Ophthalmol 2018; 66:1220-1223. [PMID: 30038190 PMCID: PMC6080472 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_317_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Thelazia callipaeda or the oriental eye worm infects a wide variety of hosts including dogs, cats, foxes, rabbits, and humans through the Drosophila flies. We report here a case of a 42-year-old female who presented with pain, redness, and cystic swelling in the right lacrimal sac area for 8 months. Ocular examination was within normal limits. Excision biopsy of the cyst revealed a live worm. In humans, the worm is usually found in the conjunctival sac, lacrimal canaliculi, or the lacrimal sac leading to a disease which can be subclinical or symptomatic. Thus, we report a rare presentation of thelaziasis, that is, periocular involvement. This case presentation is first of its kind in the Indian literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Kumar Das
- Department of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Dipankar Das
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Uveitis and Neuro-Ophthalmology Services, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Saurabh Deshmukh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Krati Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sumegha Singh Tomar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Erani Borah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Balasundaram M. Changing patterns in uveitis South India: Comparison between two decades. Indian J Ophthalmol 2018; 66:528-529. [PMID: 29582813 PMCID: PMC5892055 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_363_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Das D, Ramachandra V, Islam S, Bhattacharjee H, Biswas J, Koul A, Deka P, Deka A. Update on pathology of ocular parasitic disease. Indian J Ophthalmol 2016; 64:794-802. [PMID: 27958200 PMCID: PMC5200979 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.195590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasites are a group of eukaryotic organisms that may be free-living or form a symbiotic or parasitic relationship with the hosts. Consisting of over 800,000 recognized species, parasites may be unicellular (Protozoa) or multicellular (helminths and arthropods). The association of parasites with human population started long before the emergence of civilization. Parasitic zoonotic diseases are prevalent worldwide including India. Appropriate epidemiological data are lacking on existing zoonotic parasitic diseases, and newer diseases are emerging in our scenario. Systemic diseases such as cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, hydatidosis, and toxoplasmosis are fairly common. Acquired Toxoplasma infections are rising in immune-deficient individuals. Amongst the ocular parasitic diseases, various protozoas such as Cystoidea, trematodes, tissue flagellates, sporozoas etc. affect humans in general and eyes in particular, in different parts of the world. These zoonoses seem to be a real health related problem globally. Recent intensification of research throughout the world has led to specialization in biological fields, creating a conducive situation for researchers interested in this subject. The basics of parasitology lie in morphology, pathology, and with recent updates in molecular parasitology, the scope has extended further. The current review is to address the recent update in ophthalmic parasites with special reference to pathology and give a glimpse of further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Das
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Uveitis and Neuro-Ophthalmology Services, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Varsha Ramachandra
- Clinical and Pathology Service, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Saidul Islam
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Harsha Bhattacharjee
- Clinical and Pathology Service, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Jyotirmay Biswas
- Department of L and T, Ocular Pathology and Uveitis Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Akanksha Koul
- Clinical and Pathology Service, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Panna Deka
- Clinical and Pathology Service, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Apurba Deka
- Clinical and Pathology Service, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya, Guwahati, Assam, India
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