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Nandi I, Ji L, Smith HW, Avizonis D, Papavasiliou V, Lavoie C, Pacis A, Attalla S, Sanguin-Gendreau V, Muller WJ. Targeting fatty acid oxidation enhances response to HER2-targeted therapy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6587. [PMID: 39097623 PMCID: PMC11297952 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50998-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, a hallmark of tumorigenesis, involves alterations in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Here, we investigate the role of Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a (Cpt1a), a key enzyme in long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) oxidation, in ErbB2-driven breast cancers. In ErbB2+ breast cancer models, ablation of Cpt1a delays tumor onset, growth, and metastasis. However, Cpt1a-deficient cells exhibit increased glucose dependency that enables survival and eventual tumor progression. Consequently, these cells exhibit heightened oxidative stress and upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity. Inhibiting Nrf2 or silencing its expression reduces proliferation and glucose consumption in Cpt1a-deficient cells. Combining the ketogenic diet, composed of LCFAs, or an anti-ErbB2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) with Cpt1a deficiency significantly perturbs tumor growth, enhances apoptosis, and reduces lung metastasis. Using an immunocompetent model, we show that Cpt1a inhibition promotes an antitumor immune microenvironment, thereby enhancing the efficacy of anti-ErbB2 mAbs. Our findings underscore the importance of targeting fatty acid oxidation alongside HER2-targeted therapies to combat resistance in HER2+ breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipshita Nandi
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Linjia Ji
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Harvey W Smith
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daina Avizonis
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vasilios Papavasiliou
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia Lavoie
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Pacis
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sherif Attalla
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Virginie Sanguin-Gendreau
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William J Muller
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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2
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Peng P, Chavel C, Liu W, Carlson LM, Cao S, Utley A, Olejniczak SH, Lee KP. Pro-survival signaling regulates lipophagy essential for multiple myeloma resistance to stress-induced death. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114445. [PMID: 38968073 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pro-survival metabolic adaptations to stress in tumorigenesis remain less well defined. We find that multiple myeloma (MM) is unexpectedly dependent on beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids (FAs) for survival under both basal and stress conditions. However, under stress conditions, a second pro-survival signal is required to sustain FA oxidation (FAO). We previously found that CD28 is expressed on MM cells and transduces a significant pro-survival/chemotherapy resistance signal. We now find that CD28 signaling regulates autophagy/lipophagy that involves activation of the Ca2+→AMPK→ULK1 axis and regulates the translation of ATG5 through HuR, resulting in sustained lipophagy, increased FAO, and enhanced MM survival. Conversely, blocking autophagy/lipophagy sensitizes MM to chemotherapy in vivo. Our findings link a pro-survival signal to FA availability needed to sustain the FAO required for cancer cell survival under stress conditions and identify lipophagy as a therapeutic target to overcome treatment resistance in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Colin Chavel
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Wensheng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Louise M Carlson
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sha Cao
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Adam Utley
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Scott H Olejniczak
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kelvin P Lee
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, and the Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Bajinka O, Ouedraogo SY, Golubnitschaja O, Li N, Zhan X. Energy metabolism as the hub of advanced non-small cell lung cancer management: a comprehensive view in the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. EPMA J 2024; 15:289-319. [PMID: 38841622 PMCID: PMC11147999 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-024-00357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Energy metabolism is a hub of governing all processes at cellular and organismal levels such as, on one hand, reparable vs. irreparable cell damage, cell fate (proliferation, survival, apoptosis, malignant transformation etc.), and, on the other hand, carcinogenesis, tumor development, progression and metastazing versus anti-cancer protection and cure. The orchestrator is the mitochondria who produce, store and invest energy, conduct intracellular and systemically relevant signals decisive for internal and environmental stress adaptation, and coordinate corresponding processes at cellular and organismal levels. Consequently, the quality of mitochondrial health and homeostasis is a reliable target for health risk assessment at the stage of reversible damage to the health followed by cost-effective personalized protection against health-to-disease transition as well as for targeted protection against the disease progression (secondary care of cancer patients against growing primary tumors and metastatic disease). The energy reprogramming of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) attracts particular attention as clinically relevant and instrumental for the paradigm change from reactive medical services to predictive, preventive and personalized medicine (3PM). This article provides a detailed overview towards mechanisms and biological pathways involving metabolic reprogramming (MR) with respect to inhibiting the synthesis of biomolecules and blocking common NSCLC metabolic pathways as anti-NSCLC therapeutic strategies. For instance, mitophagy recycles macromolecules to yield mitochondrial substrates for energy homeostasis and nucleotide synthesis. Histone modification and DNA methylation can predict the onset of diseases, and plasma C7 analysis is an efficient medical service potentially resulting in an optimized healthcare economy in corresponding areas. The MEMP scoring provides the guidance for immunotherapy, prognostic assessment, and anti-cancer drug development. Metabolite sensing mechanisms of nutrients and their derivatives are potential MR-related therapy in NSCLC. Moreover, miR-495-3p reprogramming of sphingolipid rheostat by targeting Sphk1, 22/FOXM1 axis regulation, and A2 receptor antagonist are highly promising therapy strategies. TFEB as a biomarker in predicting immune checkpoint blockade and redox-related lncRNA prognostic signature (redox-LPS) are considered reliable predictive approaches. Finally, exemplified in this article metabolic phenotyping is instrumental for innovative population screening, health risk assessment, predictive multi-level diagnostics, targeted prevention, and treatment algorithms tailored to personalized patient profiles-all are essential pillars in the paradigm change from reactive medical services to 3PM approach in overall management of lung cancers. This article highlights the 3PM relevant innovation focused on energy metabolism as the hub to advance NSCLC management benefiting vulnerable subpopulations, affected patients, and healthcare at large. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-024-00357-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousman Bajinka
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Ovarian Cancer Multiomics, & Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People’s Republic of China
| | - Serge Yannick Ouedraogo
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Ovarian Cancer Multiomics, & Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People’s Republic of China
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Na Li
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Ovarian Cancer Multiomics, & Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Ovarian Cancer Multiomics, & Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250117 People’s Republic of China
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Szrok-Jurga S, Czumaj A, Turyn J, Hebanowska A, Swierczynski J, Sledzinski T, Stelmanska E. The Physiological and Pathological Role of Acyl-CoA Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14857. [PMID: 37834305 PMCID: PMC10573383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism, including β-oxidation (βOX), plays an important role in human physiology and pathology. βOX is an essential process in the energy metabolism of most human cells. Moreover, βOX is also the source of acetyl-CoA, the substrate for (a) ketone bodies synthesis, (b) cholesterol synthesis, (c) phase II detoxication, (d) protein acetylation, and (d) the synthesis of many other compounds, including N-acetylglutamate-an important regulator of urea synthesis. This review describes the current knowledge on the importance of the mitochondrial and peroxisomal βOX in various organs, including the liver, heart, kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract, peripheral white blood cells, and other cells. In addition, the diseases associated with a disturbance of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the liver, heart, kidney, lung, alimentary tract, and other organs or cells are presented. Special attention was paid to abnormalities of FAO in cancer cells and the diseases caused by mutations in gene-encoding enzymes involved in FAO. Finally, issues related to α- and ω- fatty acid oxidation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Szrok-Jurga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jacek Turyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Areta Hebanowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Julian Swierczynski
- Institue of Nursing and Medical Rescue, State University of Applied Sciences in Koszalin, 75-582 Koszalin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Ewa Stelmanska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
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Zhang Y, Hu Y, Yu J, Xie X, Jiang F, Wu C. Landscape of PCOS co-expression gene and its role in predicting prognosis and assisting immunotherapy in endometrial cancer. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:129. [PMID: 37393293 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the sixth most frequent malignancy in women and is often linked to high estrogen exposure. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a known risk factor for EC, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS We investigated shared gene signals and potential biological pathways to identify effective therapy options for PCOS- and EC-related malignancies. Weighted gene expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify genes associated with PCOS and EC using gene expression data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. Enrichment analysis using Cluego software revealed that the steroid hormone biosynthetic process was a critical feature in both PCOS and EC. A predictive signature encompassing genes involved in steroid hormone production was developed using multivariate and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis to predict the prognosis of EC. Then, we conducted further experimental verification. RESULTS Patients in the TCGA cohort with high predictive scores had poorer outcomes than those with low scores. We also investigated the relationship between tumor microenvironment (TME) features and predictive risk rating and found that patients with low-risk scores had higher levels of inflammatory and inhibitory immune cells. Also, we found that immunotherapy against anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 was successful in treating individuals with low risk. Low-risk individuals were more responsive to crizotinib therapy, according to further research performed using the "pRRophetic" R package. We further confirmed that IGF2 expression was associated with tumor cell migration, proliferation, and invasion in EC cells. CONCLUTIONS By uncovering the pathways and genes linking PCOS and EC, our findings may provide new therapeutic strategies for patients with PCOS-related EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yifang Hu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, No.419, Fangxie Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Chuyan Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Yan C, Gao R, Gao C, Hong K, Cheng M, Liu X, Zhang Q, Zhang J. FDXR drives primary and endocrine-resistant tumor cell growth in ER+ breast cancer via CPT1A-mediated fatty acid oxidation. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1105117. [PMID: 37207154 PMCID: PMC10189134 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1105117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of breast cancers (BCs) expressing estrogen receptor (ER) have shown endocrine resistance. Our previous study demonstrated that ferredoxin reductase (FDXR) promoted mitochondrial function and ER+ breast tumorigenesis. But the underlying mechanism is not clear. Methods Liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)-based metabolite profiling was utilized to reveal the metabolites regulated by FDXR. RNA microarray was utilized to determine the potential downstream targets of FDXR. Seahorse XF24 analyzer was performed to analyze the FAO-mediated oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Q-PCR and western blotting assays were used to measure expression levels of FDXR and CPT1A. MTS, 2D colony formation and anchorage-independent growth assays were used to evaluate the effects of FDXR or drug treatments on tumor cell growth of primary or endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells. Results We found that depletion of FDXR inhibited fatty acid oxidation (FAO) by suppressing CPT1A expression. Endocrine treatment increased the expression levels of both FDXR and CPT1A. Further, we showed that depletion of FDXR or FAO inhibitor etomoxir treatment reduced primary and endocrine-resistant breast cancer cell growth. Therapeutically, combining endocrine therapy with FAO inhibitor etomoxir synergistically inhibits primary and endocrine-resistant breast cancer cell growth. Discussion We reveal that the FDXR-CPT1A-FAO signaling axis is essential for primary and endocrine-resistant breast cancer cell growth, thus providing a potential combinatory therapy against endocrine resistance in ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojun Yan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ronghui Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Hong
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Cheng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Jing Zhang, ; Qing Zhang,
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Zhang, ; Qing Zhang,
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Liang K. Mitochondrial CPT1A: Insights into structure, function, and basis for drug development. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1160440. [PMID: 37033619 PMCID: PMC10076611 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1160440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnitine Palmitoyl-Transferase1A (CPT1A) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the fatty acid β-oxidation, and its deficiency or abnormal regulation can result in diseases like metabolic disorders and various cancers. Therefore, CPT1A is a desirable drug target for clinical therapy. The deep comprehension of human CPT1A is crucial for developing the therapeutic inhibitors like Etomoxir. CPT1A is an appealing druggable target for cancer therapies since it is essential for the survival, proliferation, and drug resistance of cancer cells. It will help to lower the risk of cancer recurrence and metastasis, reduce mortality, and offer prospective therapy options for clinical treatment if the effects of CPT1A on the lipid metabolism of cancer cells are inhibited. Targeted inhibition of CPT1A can be developed as an effective treatment strategy for cancers from a metabolic perspective. However, the pathogenic mechanism and recent progress of CPT1A in diseases have not been systematically summarized. Here we discuss the functions of CPT1A in health and diseases, and prospective therapies targeting CPT1A. This review summarizes the current knowledge of CPT1A, hoping to prompt further understanding of it, and provide foundation for CPT1A-targeting drug development.
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Cardoso HJ, Figueira MI, Carvalho TM, Serra CD, Vaz CV, Madureira PA, Socorro S. Androgens and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol interplay in modulating prostate cancer cell fate and metabolism. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 240:154181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Metabolomic and Lipidomic Profiling of Gliomas-A New Direction in Personalized Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205041. [PMID: 36291824 PMCID: PMC9599495 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gliomas comprise an extremely diverse category of brain tumors that are difficult to diagnose and treat. As a result, scientists continue to search for new treatment solutions, with personalized medicine having emerged as a particularly promising therapeutic approach. Metabolomics and its sub-discipline, lipidomics, are two scientific fields well-suited to support this search. Metabolomics focuses on the physicochemical changes in the metabolome, which include all of the small endogenous and exogenous compounds in a biological system. As such, metabolic analysis can help identify important biochemical pathways which could be the targets for new therapeutic approaches. This review examines the new directions of personalized therapies for gliomas and how metabolomic and lipidomic analysis assists in developing these strategies and monitoring their effectiveness. The discussion of new strategies is preceded by a brief overview of the current “gold standard” treatment for gliomas and the obstacles that new treatment approaches must overcome. Abstract In addition to being the most common primary brain tumor, gliomas are also among the most difficult to diagnose and treat. At present, the “gold standard” in glioma treatment entails the surgical resection of the largest possible portion of the tumor, followed by temozolomide therapy and radiation. However, this approach does not always yield the desired results. Additionally, the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier remains a major challenge for new potential drugs. Thus, researchers continue to search for targeted therapies that can be individualized based on the specific characteristics of each case. Metabolic and lipidomic research may represent two of the best ways to achieve this goal, as they enable detailed insights into the changes in the profile of small molecules in a biological system/specimen. This article reviews the new approaches to glioma therapy based on the analysis of alterations to biochemical pathways, and it provides an overview of the clinical results that may support personalized therapies in the future.
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Shim JK, Choi S, Yoon SJ, Choi RJ, Park J, Lee EH, Cho HJ, Lee S, Teo WY, Moon JH, Kim HS, Kim EH, Cheong JH, Chang JH, Yook JI, Kang SG. Etomoxir, a carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 inhibitor, combined with temozolomide reduces stemness and invasiveness in patient-derived glioblastoma tumorspheres. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:309. [PMID: 36221088 PMCID: PMC9552483 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The importance of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the bioenergetics of glioblastoma (GBM) is being realized. Etomoxir (ETO), a carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) inhibitor exerts cytotoxic effects in GBM, which involve interrupting the FAO pathway. We hypothesized that FAO inhibition could affect the outcomes of current standard temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy against GBM. Methods The FAO-related gene expression was compared between GBM and the tumor-free cortex. Using four different GBM tumorspheres (TSs), the effects of ETO and/or TMZ was analyzed on cell viability, tricarboxylate (TCA) cycle intermediates and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production to assess metabolic changes. Alterations in tumor stemness, invasiveness, and associated transcriptional changes were also measured. Mouse orthotopic xenograft model was used to elucidate the combinatory effect of TMZ and ETO. Results GBM tissues exhibited overexpression of FAO-related genes, especially CPT1A, compared to the tumor-free cortex. The combined use of ETO and TMZ further inhibited TCA cycle and ATP production than single uses. This combination treatment showed superior suppression effects compared to treatment with individual agents on the viability, stemness, and invasiveness of GBM TSs, as well as better downregulation of FAO-related gene expression. The results of in vivo study showed prolonged survival outcomes in the combination treatment group. Conclusion ETO, an FAO inhibitor, causes a lethal energy reduction in the GBM TSs. When used in combination with TMZ, ETO effectively reduces GBM cell stemness and invasiveness and further improves survival. These results suggest a potential novel treatment option for GBM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02731-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonah Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ran Joo Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Joung Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Lee
- Department of Medical Science, BK21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Yee Teo
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Ju Hyung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, BK21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Departments of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Jiang F, Luo F, Zeng N, Mao Y, Tang X, Wang J, Hu Y, Wu C. Characterization of Fatty Acid Metabolism-Related Genes Landscape for Predicting Prognosis and Aiding Immunotherapy in Glioma Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:902143. [PMID: 35903107 PMCID: PMC9315048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a highly malignant brain tumor with a poor survival rate. The involvement of fatty acid metabolism in glioma was examined to find viable treatment options. The information was gathered from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. A prognostic signature containing fatty acid metabolism-dependent genes (FAMDs) was developed to predict glioma outcome by multivariate and most minor absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses. In the TCGA cohort, individuals with a good score had a worse prognosis than those with a poor score, validated in the CGGA cohort. According to further research by "pRRophetic" R package, higher-risk individuals were more susceptible to crizotinib. According to a complete study of the connection between the predictive risk rating model and tumor microenvironment (TME) features, high-risk individuals were eligible for activating the immune cell-associated receptor pathway. We also discovered that anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy are more effective in high-risk individuals. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CCNA2 promotes glioma proliferation, migration, and invasion and regulates macrophage polarization. Therefore, examining the fatty acid metabolism pathway aids our understanding of TME invasion properties, allowing us to develop more effective immunotherapies for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yan Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinfang Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The Affiliated Lianyungang Oriental Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jimei Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifang Hu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuyan Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Rios-Colon L, Chijioke J, Niture S, Afzal Z, Qi Q, Srivastava A, Ramalinga M, Kedir H, Cagle P, Arthur E, Sharma M, Moore J, Deep G, Suy S, Collins SP, Kumar D. Leptin modulated microRNA-628-5p targets Jagged-1 and inhibits prostate cancer hallmarks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10073. [PMID: 35710817 PMCID: PMC9203512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules that play a regulatory role in gene expression and cancer cell signaling. We previously identified miR-628-5p (miR-628) as a potential biomarker in serum samples from men with prostate cancer (PCa) (Srivastava et al. in Tumour Biol 35:4867–4873, 10.1007/s13277-014-1638-1, 2014). This study examined the detailed cellular phenotypes and pathways regulated by miR-628 in PCa cells. Since obesity is a significant risk factor for PCa, and there is a correlation between levels of the obesity-associated hormone leptin and PCa development, here we investigated the functional relationship between leptin and miR-628 regulation in PCa. We demonstrated that exposure to leptin downregulated the expression of miR-628 and increased cell proliferation/migration in PCa cells. We next studied the effects on cancer-related phenotypes in PCa cells after altering miR-628 expression levels. Enforced expression of miR-628 in PCa cells inhibited cell proliferation, reduced PCa cell survival/migration/invasion/spheroid formation, and decreased markers of cell stemness. Mechanistically, miR-628 binds with the JAG1-3′UTR and inhibits the expression of Jagged-1 (JAG1). JAG1 inhibition by miR-628 downregulated Notch signaling, decreased the expression of Snail/Slug, and modulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasiveness in PC3 cells. Furthermore, expression of miR-628 in PCa cells increased sensitivity towards the drugs enzalutamide and docetaxel by induction of cell apoptosis. Collectively our data suggest that miR-628 is a key regulator of PCa carcinogenesis and is modulated by leptin, offering a novel therapeutic opportunity to inhibit the growth of advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslimar Rios-Colon
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Juliet Chijioke
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Suryakant Niture
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Zainab Afzal
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Qi Qi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Anvesha Srivastava
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Malathi Ramalinga
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Habib Kedir
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Patrice Cagle
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Elena Arthur
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Mitu Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - John Moore
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.,Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Simeng Suy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, 20057, USA
| | - Sean P Collins
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, 20057, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute (BBRI), North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
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13
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Development and Validation of a Novel PPAR Signaling Pathway-Related Predictive Model to Predict Prognosis in Breast Cancer. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:9412119. [PMID: 35692496 PMCID: PMC9184151 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9412119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at exploring the potential mechanism of the PPAR signaling pathway in breast cancer (BRCA) and constructing a novel prognostic-related risk model. We used various bioinformatics methods and databases to complete our exploration in this research. Based on TCGA database, we use multiple extension packages based on the R language for data conversion, processing, and statistics. We use LASSO regression analysis to establish a prognostic-related risk model in BRCA. And we combined the data of multiple online websites, including GEPIA, ImmuCellAI, TIMER, GDSC, and the Human Protein Atlas database to conduct a more in-depth exploration of the risk model. Based on the mRNA data in TCGA database, we conducted a preliminary screening of genes related to the PPAR signaling pathway through univariate Cox analysis, then used LASSO regression analysis to conduct a second screening, and successfully established a risk model consisting of ten genes in BRCA. The results of ROC curve analysis show that the risk model has good prediction accuracy. We can successfully divide breast cancer patients into high- and low-risk groups with significant prognostic differences (P = 1.92e − 05) based on this risk model. Combined with the clinical data in TCGA database, there is a correlation between the risk model and the patient's N, T, gender, and fustat. The results of multivariate Cox regression show that the risk score of this risk model can be used as an independent risk factor for BRCA patients. In particular, we draw a nomogram that can predict the 5-, 7-, and 10-year survival rates of BRCA patients. Subsequently, we conducted a series of pancancer analyses of CNV, SNV, OS, methylation, and immune infiltration for this risk model gene and used GDSC data to investigate drug sensitivity. Finally, to gain insight into the predictive value and protein expression of these risk model genes in breast cancer, we used GEO and HPA databases for validation. This study provides valuable clues for future research on the PPAR signaling pathway in BRCA.
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14
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Tang Y, Tian W, Xie J, Zou Y, Wang Z, Li N, Zeng Y, Wu L, Zhang Y, Wu S, Xie X, Yang L. Prognosis and Dissection of Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Breast Cancer Based on Fatty Acid Metabolism-Related Signature. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843515. [PMID: 35432381 PMCID: PMC9009264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism has been deciphered to augment tumorigenesis and disease progression in addition to therapy resistance via strengthened lipid synthesis, storage, and catabolism. Breast cancer is strongly associated with the biological function of fatty acid metabolism owing to the abundant presence of adipocytes in breast tissue. It has been unraveled that tumor cells exhibit considerable plasticity based on fatty acid metabolism, responding to extra-tumoral and a range of metabolic signals, in which tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role. However, the prognostic significance of fatty acid metabolism in breast cancer remains to be further investigated. Alongside these insights, we retrieved 269 reliable fatty acid metabolism-related genes (FMGs) and identified the landscape of copy number variations and expression level among those genes. Additionally, 11 overall survival-related FMGs were clarified by univariate Cox hazards regression analysis in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) databases. Subsequently, a prognostic signature based on 6 overall survival (OS)-related FMGs was generated using Lasso Cox hazards regression analysis in TCGA dataset and was validated in two external cohorts. The correlation between the signature and several essential clinical parameters, including T, N, and PAM50 subtypes, was unveiled by comparing the accumulating signature value in various degrees. Furthermore, an optimal nomogram incorporating the signature, age, and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage was constructed, and the discrimination was verified by C-index, the calibration curve, and the decision curve analysis. The underlying implications for immune checkpoints inhibitors, the landscape of tumor immune microenvironment, and the predictive significance in therapy resistance to diverse strategies were depicted ultimately. In conclusion, our findings indicate the potential prognostic connotation of fatty acid metabolism in breast cancer, supporting novel insights into breast cancer patients’ prognosis and administrating effective immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Tang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Tian
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jindong Xie
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutian Zou
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehao Wang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyu Wu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Reprogramming of Lipid Metabolism in Lung Cancer: An Overview with Focus on EGFR-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030413. [PMID: 35159223 PMCID: PMC8834094 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Most of lung cancer cases are classified as non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). EGFR has become an important therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC patients, and inhibitors targeting the kinase domain of EGFR are currently used in clinical settings. Recently, an increasing interest has emerged toward understanding the mechanisms and biological consequences associated with lipid reprogramming in cancer. Increased uptake, synthesis, oxidation, or storage of lipids has been demonstrated to contribute to the growth of many types of cancer, including lung cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of metabolism in cancer and then explore in more detail the role of lipid metabolic reprogramming in lung cancer development and progression and in resistance to therapies, emphasizing its connection with EGFR signaling. In addition, we summarize the potential therapeutic approaches targeting lipid metabolism for lung cancer treatment.
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16
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MicroRNA-377-3p inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis through negative regulation of CPT1C-mediated fatty acid oxidation. Cancer Metab 2022; 10:2. [PMID: 35057851 PMCID: PMC8772112 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Altered lipid metabolism is closely related to the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C (CPT1C) is a member of CPT1 family and plays a key role in cancer development and progression. However, how microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate CPT1C-mediated fatty acid transport and oxidation remains to be elucidated. Methods Oil Red O staining, mitochondrial, and lipid droplets immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the functions of miR-377-3p and CPT1C in fatty acid oxidation. Colocalization of palmitate and mitochondria was performed to investigate the function of miR-377-3p and CPT1C in fatty acid transport into mitochondria. Fatty acid oxidation (FAO) assay was used to detect the function of miR-377-3p and CPT1C in FAO. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays and animal experiments were used to evaluate the role of miR-377-3p/CPT1C axis in HCC progression in vitro and in vivo. Immunofluorescence staining was used to identify the clinical significance of miR-377-3p and CPT1C in HCC patients. Results MiR-377-3p inhibits CPT1C expression by targeting its 3’-untranslated region. Through repression of CPT1C, miR-377-3p suppresses fatty acid oxidation by preventing fatty acid from entering into mitochondria and decreasing ATP production in HCC cells. Inhibiting fatty acid oxidation abolishes the ability of miR-377-3p/CPT1C axis to regulate HCC proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. In HCC patients, CPT1C is significantly upregulated, and miR-377-3p expression and lipid droplets are negatively correlated with CPT1C expression. High expression of miR-377-3p and CPT1C predict better and worse clinical outcomes, respectively. Conclusions We uncover the key function and the relevant mechanisms of the miR-377-3p/CPT1C axis in HCC, which might provide a potential target for the treatment of HCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-021-00276-3.
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17
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Immunofluorescence-Based Method to Assess Cancer Biomarker in the Hypoxic Region of the Tumor. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2413:37-43. [PMID: 35044652 PMCID: PMC9116888 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1896-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel imaging technologies allows the analysis of the expression and spatial distribution of multiple markers simultaneously, providing necessary information about a cellular identity and the surrounding microenvironment. This chapter describes the utilization of immunofluorescence to identify such biomarkers in fixed tissue from prostate cancer (PCa) xenografts. One such marker detectable by immunofluorescence is pimonidazole, which has been utilized to locate areas of low oxygen (hypoxia). Pimonidazole, in combination with other biomarkers, could be utilized to identify "niches" in the microenvironment harboring more aggressive cells both within and outside hypoxic areas. Specifically, we describe the method to use pimonidazole for the identification of hypoxic regions in PCa xenograft tumors along with CPT1A (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A) expression, an indicator of β-oxidation. This approach could be useful to characterize various biomarkers in the complex hypoxic tumor microenvironment.
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18
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Rios-Colon L, Kumar P, Kim S, Sharma M, Su Y, Kumar A, Singh S, Stocks N, Liu L, Joshi M, Schlaepfer IR, Kumar D, Deep G. Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1 Regulates Prostate Cancer Growth under Hypoxia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246302. [PMID: 34944922 PMCID: PMC8699124 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cell survival in hypoxia areas, with low oxygen and food supply as well as abundant waste material, is critical to their aggressiveness and associated with disease relapse and mortality. Therefore, it is vital to understand the molecular regulators of cancer cell survival under these harsh physiological conditions. In the present study, we assessed the role of a mitochondrial protein carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1A) in regulating prostate cancer (PCa) cell survival and proliferation under hypoxic conditions in both cell culture and animal models. The results showed that CPT1A expression in PCa cells is key to their survival and proliferation in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. These results have high translational significance in improving cancer prognosis and therapy. Abstract Hypoxia and hypoxia-related biomarkers are the major determinants of prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness. Therefore, a better understanding of molecular players involved in PCa cell survival under hypoxia could offer novel therapeutic targets. We previously reported a central role of mitochondrial protein carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1A) in PCa progression, but its role in regulating PCa survival under hypoxia remains unknown. Here, we employed PCa cells (22Rv1 and MDA-PCa-2b) with knockdown or overexpression of CPT1A and assessed their survival under hypoxia, both in cell culture and in vivo models. The results showed that CPT1A knockdown in PCa cells significantly reduced their viability, clonogenicity, and sphere formation under hypoxia, while its overexpression increased their proliferation, clonogenicity, and sphere formation. In nude mice, 22Rv1 xenografts with CPT1A knockdown grew significantly slower compared to vector control cells (~59% reduction in tumor volume at day 29). On the contrary, CPT1A-overexpressing 22Rv1 xenografts showed higher tumor growth compared to vector control cells (~58% higher tumor volume at day 40). Pathological analyses revealed lesser necrotic areas in CPT1A knockdown tumors and higher necrotic areas in CPT1A overexpressing tumors. Immunofluorescence analysis of tumors showed that CPT1A knockdown strongly compromised the hypoxic areas (pimonidazole+), while CPT1A overexpression resulted in more hypoxia areas with strong expression of proliferation biomarkers (Ki67 and cyclin D1). Finally, IHC analysis of tumors revealed a significant decrease in VEGF or VEGF-D expression but without significant changes in biomarkers associated with microvessel density. These results suggest that CPT1A regulates PCa survival in hypoxic conditions and might contribute to their aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslimar Rios-Colon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.R.-C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (L.L.)
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA;
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.R.-C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (L.L.)
- Division of Pathology, ICAR—Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Susy Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.R.-C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Mitu Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.R.-C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Yixin Su
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.R.-C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.R.-C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.R.-C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Nalexus Stocks
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.R.-C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.R.-C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (L.L.)
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Molishree Joshi
- Functional Genomics Facility, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Isabel R. Schlaepfer
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA;
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (L.R.-C.); (P.K.); (S.K.); (M.S.); (Y.S.); (A.K.); (S.S.); (N.S.); (L.L.)
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +336-716-9363
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19
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Hoy AJ, Nagarajan SR, Butler LM. Tumour fatty acid metabolism in the context of therapy resistance and obesity. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:753-766. [PMID: 34417571 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism is known to support tumorigenesis and disease progression as well as treatment resistance through enhanced lipid synthesis, storage and catabolism. More recently, the role of membrane fatty acid composition, for example, ratios of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, in promoting cell survival while limiting lipotoxicity and ferroptosis has been increasingly appreciated. Alongside these insights, it has become clear that tumour cells exhibit plasticity with respect to fatty acid metabolism, responding to extratumoural and systemic metabolic signals, such as obesity and cancer therapeutics, to promote the development of aggressive, treatment-resistant disease. Here, we describe cellular fatty acid metabolic changes that are connected to therapy resistance and contextualize obesity-associated changes in host fatty acid metabolism that likely influence the local tumour microenvironment to further modify cancer cell behaviour while simultaneously creating potential new vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hoy
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Shilpa R Nagarajan
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa M Butler
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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20
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Munir R, Lisec J, Swinnen JV, Zaidi N. Too complex to fail? Targeting fatty acid metabolism for cancer therapy. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 85:101143. [PMID: 34856213 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Given the central role of fatty acids in cancer pathophysiology, the exploitation of fatty acid metabolism as a potential antineoplastic therapy has gained much attention. Several natural and synthetic compounds targeting fatty acid metabolism were hitherto identified, and their effectiveness against cancer cell proliferation and survival was determined. This review will discuss the most clinically viable inhibitors or drugs targeting various proteins or enzymes mapped on nine interconnected fatty acid metabolism-related processes. We will discuss the general significance of each of these processes and the effects of their inhibition on cancer cell progression. Moreover, their mechanisms of action, limitations, and future perspectives will be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimsha Munir
- Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Hormone Lab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jan Lisec
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nousheen Zaidi
- Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Cancer Research Center (CRC), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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21
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Jariwala N, Mehta GA, Bhatt V, Hussein S, Parker KA, Yunus N, Parker JS, Guo JY, Gatza ML. CPT1A and fatty acid β-oxidation are essential for tumor cell growth and survival in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab035. [PMID: 34514415 PMCID: PMC8428294 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 11q13-14 amplification is a defining feature of high-risk hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer; however, the mechanism(s) by which this amplicon contributes to breast tumorigenesis remains unclear. In the current study, proteogenomic analyses of >3000 breast tumors from the TCGA, METABRIC and CPTAC studies demonstrated that carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), which is localized to this amplicon, is overexpressed at the mRNA and protein level in aggressive luminal tumors, strongly associated with indicators of tumor proliferation and a predictor of poor prognosis. In vitro genetic studies demonstrated that CPT1A is required for and can promote luminal breast cancer proliferation, survival, as well as colony and mammosphere formation. Since CPT1A is the rate-limiting enzyme during fatty acid oxidation (FAO), our data indicate that FAO may be essential for these tumors. Pharmacologic inhibition of FAO prevented in vitro and in vivo tumor growth and cell proliferation as well as promoted apoptosis in luminal breast cancer cells and orthotopic xenograft tumor models. Collectively, our data establish an oncogenic role for CPT1A and FAO in HR+ luminal tumors and provide preclinical evidence and rationale supporting further investigation of FAO as a potential therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of HR+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Jariwala
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Gaurav A Mehta
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Vrushank Bhatt
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Shaimaa Hussein
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Kimberly A Parker
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Neha Yunus
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Joel S Parker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC, 27599, USA
| | | | - Michael L Gatza
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
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22
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Scaglia N, Frontini-López YR, Zadra G. Prostate Cancer Progression: as a Matter of Fats. Front Oncol 2021; 11:719865. [PMID: 34386430 PMCID: PMC8353450 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.719865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate cancer (PCa) represents the fifth cause of cancer death worldwide. Although survival has improved with second-generation androgen signaling and Parp inhibitors, the benefits are not long-lasting, and new therapeutic approaches are sorely needed. Lipids and their metabolism have recently reached the spotlight with accumulating evidence for their role as promoters of PCa development, progression, and metastasis. As a result, interest in targeting enzymes/transporters involved in lipid metabolism is rapidly growing. Moreover, the use of lipogenic signatures to predict prognosis and resistance to therapy has been recently explored with promising results. Despite the well-known association between obesity with PCa lethality, the underlying mechanistic role of diet/obesity-derived metabolites has only lately been unveiled. Furthermore, the role of lipids as energy source, building blocks, and signaling molecules in cancer cells has now been revisited and expanded in the context of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is heavily influenced by the external environment and nutrient availability. Here, we describe how lipids, their enzymes, transporters, and modulators can promote PCa development and progression, and we emphasize the role of lipids in shaping TME. In a therapeutic perspective, we describe the ongoing efforts in targeting lipogenic hubs. Finally, we highlight studies supporting dietary modulation in the adjuvant setting with the purpose of achieving greater efficacy of the standard of care and of synthetic lethality. PCa progression is "a matter of fats", and the more we understand about the role of lipids as key players in this process, the better we can develop approaches to counteract their tumor promoter activity while preserving their beneficial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Scaglia
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata "Professor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), National University of La Plata/National Council of Scientific and Technical Research of Argentina, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Yesica Romina Frontini-López
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata "Professor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), National University of La Plata/National Council of Scientific and Technical Research of Argentina, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Giorgia Zadra
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Pavia, Italy
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23
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S Allemailem K, Almatroudi A, Alsahli MA, Aljaghwani A, M El-Kady A, Rahmani AH, Khan AA. Novel Strategies for Disrupting Cancer-Cell Functions with Mitochondria-Targeted Antitumor Drug-Loaded Nanoformulations. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3907-3936. [PMID: 34135584 PMCID: PMC8200140 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s303832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Any variation in normal cellular function results in mitochondrial dysregulation that occurs in several diseases, including cancer. Such processes as oxidative stress, metabolism, signaling, and biogenesis play significant roles in cancer initiation and progression. Due to their central role in cellular metabolism, mitochondria are favorable therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of conditions like neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Subcellular mitochondria-specific theranostic nanoformulations for simultaneous targeting, drug delivery, and imaging of these organelles are of immense interest in cancer therapy. It is a challenging task to cross multiple barriers to target mitochondria in diseased cells. To overcome these multiple barriers, several mitochondriotropic nanoformulations have been engineered for the transportation of mitochondria-specific drugs. These nanoformulations include liposomes, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and inorganic NPs. These nanoformulations are made mitochondriotropic by conjugating them with moieties like dequalinium, Mito-Porter, triphenylphosphonium, and Mitochondria-penetrating peptides. Most of these nanoformulations are meticulously tailored to control their size, charge, shape, mitochondriotropic drug loading, and specific cell-membrane interactions. Recently, some novel mitochondria-selective antitumor compounds known as mitocans have shown high toxicity against cancer cells. These selective compounds form vicious oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species cycles within cancer cells and ultimately push them to cell death. Nanoformulations approved by the FDA and EMA for clinical applications in cancer patients include Doxil, NK105, and Abraxane. The novel use of these NPs still faces tremendous challenges and an immense amount of research is needed to understand the proper mechanisms of cancer progression and control by these NPs. Here in this review, we summarize current advancements and novel strategies of delivering different anticancer therapeutic agents to mitochondria with the help of various nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aseel Aljaghwani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M El-Kady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Schiliro C, Firestein BL. Mechanisms of Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer Cells Supporting Enhanced Growth and Proliferation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051056. [PMID: 33946927 PMCID: PMC8146072 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells alter metabolic processes to sustain their characteristic uncontrolled growth and proliferation. These metabolic alterations include (1) a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis to support the increased need for ATP, (2) increased glutaminolysis for NADPH regeneration, (3) altered flux through the pentose phosphate pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle for macromolecule generation, (4) increased lipid uptake, lipogenesis, and cholesterol synthesis, (5) upregulation of one-carbon metabolism for the production of ATP, NADH/NADPH, nucleotides, and glutathione, (6) altered amino acid metabolism, (7) metabolism-based regulation of apoptosis, and (8) the utilization of alternative substrates, such as lactate and acetate. Altered metabolic flux in cancer is controlled by tumor-host cell interactions, key oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and other regulatory molecules, including non-coding RNAs. Changes to metabolic pathways in cancer are dynamic, exhibit plasticity, and are often dependent on the type of tumor and the tumor microenvironment, leading in a shift of thought from the Warburg Effect and the “reverse Warburg Effect” to metabolic plasticity. Understanding the complex nature of altered flux through these multiple pathways in cancer cells can support the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Schiliro
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Bonnie L. Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-848-445-8045
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25
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Cardoso HJ, Carvalho TMA, Fonseca LRS, Figueira MI, Vaz CV, Socorro S. Revisiting prostate cancer metabolism: From metabolites to disease and therapy. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1499-1538. [PMID: 33274768 DOI: 10.1002/med.21766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, still presents important unmet clinical needs concerning treatment. In the last years, the metabolic reprogramming and the specificities of tumor cells emerged as an exciting field for cancer therapy. The unique features of PCa cells metabolism, and the activation of specific metabolic pathways, propelled the use of metabolic inhibitors for treatment. The present work revises the knowledge of PCa metabolism and the metabolic alterations that underlie the development and progression of the disease. A focus is given to the role of bioenergetic sources, namely, glucose, lipids, and glutamine sustaining PCa cell survival and growth. Moreover, it is described as the action of oncogenes/tumor suppressors and sex steroid hormones in the metabolic reprogramming of PCa. Finally, the status of PCa treatment based on the inhibition of metabolic pathways is presented. Globally, this review updates the landscape of PCa metabolism, highlighting the critical metabolic alterations that could have a clinical and therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique J Cardoso
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago M A Carvalho
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Lara R S Fonseca
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marília I Figueira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cátia V Vaz
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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26
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Coleman CN, Eke I, Makinde AY, Chopra S, Demaria S, Formenti SC, Martello S, Bylicky M, Mitchell JB, Aryankalayil MJ. Radiation-induced Adaptive Response: New Potential for Cancer Treatment. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5781-5790. [PMID: 32554542 PMCID: PMC7669567 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is highly effective due to its ability to physically focus the treatment to target the tumor while sparing normal tissue and its ability to be combined with systemic therapy. This systemic therapy can be utilized before radiotherapy as an adjuvant or induction treatment, during radiotherapy as a radiation "sensitizer," or following radiotherapy as a part of combined modality therapy. As part of a unique concept of using radiation as "focused biology," we investigated how tumors and normal tissues adapt to clinically relevant multifraction (MF) and single-dose (SD) radiation to observe whether the adaptations can induce susceptibility to cell killing by available drugs or by immune enhancement. We identified an adaptation occurring after MF (3 × 2 Gy) that induced cell killing when AKT-mTOR inhibitors were delivered following cessation of radiotherapy. In addition, we identified inducible changes in integrin expression 2 months following cessation of radiotherapy that differ between MF (1 Gy × 10) and SD (10 Gy) that remain targetable compared with preradiotherapy. Adaptation is reflected across different "omics" studies, and thus the range of possible molecular targets is not only broad but also time, dose, and schedule dependent. While much remains to be studied about the radiation adaptive response, radiation should be characterized by its molecular perturbations in addition to physical dose. Consideration of the adaptive effects should result in the design of a tailored radiotherapy treatment plan that accounts for specific molecular changes to be targeted as part of precision multimodality cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Iris Eke
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Adeola Y Makinde
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sunita Chopra
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Radiation Oncology and Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Silvia C Formenti
- Radiation Oncology and Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Shannon Martello
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michelle Bylicky
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James B Mitchell
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Molykutty J Aryankalayil
- Radiation Oncology Branch and Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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27
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Butler LM, Perone Y, Dehairs J, Lupien LE, de Laat V, Talebi A, Loda M, Kinlaw WB, Swinnen JV. Lipids and cancer: Emerging roles in pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:245-293. [PMID: 32711004 PMCID: PMC7736102 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of effective tools to study lipids, including mass spectrometry-based lipidomics, lipids are emerging as central players in cancer biology. Lipids function as essential building blocks for membranes, serve as fuel to drive energy-demanding processes and play a key role as signaling molecules and as regulators of numerous cellular functions. Not unexpectedly, cancer cells, as well as other cell types in the tumor microenvironment, exploit various ways to acquire lipids and extensively rewire their metabolism as part of a plastic and context-dependent metabolic reprogramming that is driven by both oncogenic and environmental cues. The resulting changes in the fate and composition of lipids help cancer cells to thrive in a changing microenvironment by supporting key oncogenic functions and cancer hallmarks, including cellular energetics, promoting feedforward oncogenic signaling, resisting oxidative and other stresses, regulating intercellular communication and immune responses. Supported by the close connection between altered lipid metabolism and the pathogenic process, specific lipid profiles are emerging as unique disease biomarkers, with diagnostic, prognostic and predictive potential. Multiple preclinical studies illustrate the translational promise of exploiting lipid metabolism in cancer, and critically, have shown context dependent actionable vulnerabilities that can be rationally targeted, particularly in combinatorial approaches. Moreover, lipids themselves can be used as membrane disrupting agents or as key components of nanocarriers of various therapeutics. With a number of preclinical compounds and strategies that are approaching clinical trials, we are at the doorstep of exploiting a hitherto underappreciated hallmark of cancer and promising target in the oncologist's strategy to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Butler
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ylenia Perone
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leslie E Lupien
- Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 037560, USA
| | - Vincent de Laat
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ali Talebi
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Massimo Loda
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - William B Kinlaw
- The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven Cancer Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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28
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Abstract
The rediscovery and reinterpretation of the Warburg effect in the year 2000 occulted for almost a decade the key functions exerted by mitochondria in cancer cells. Until recent times, the scientific community indeed focused on constitutive glycolysis as a hallmark of cancer cells, which it is not, largely ignoring the contribution of mitochondria to the malignancy of oxidative and glycolytic cancer cells, being Warburgian or merely adapted to hypoxia. In this review, we highlight that mitochondria are not only powerhouses in some cancer cells, but also dynamic regulators of life, death, proliferation, motion and stemness in other types of cancer cells. Similar to the cells that host them, mitochondria are capable to adapt to tumoral conditions, and probably to evolve to ‘oncogenic mitochondria' capable of transferring malignant capacities to recipient cells. In the wider quest of metabolic modulators of cancer, treatments have already been identified targeting mitochondria in cancer cells, but the field is still in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Grasso
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luca X Zampieri
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tânia Capelôa
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Justine A Van de Velde
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
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29
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Ghoneum A, Abdulfattah AY, Warren BO, Shu J, Said N. Redox Homeostasis and Metabolism in Cancer: A Complex Mechanism and Potential Targeted Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3100. [PMID: 32354000 PMCID: PMC7247161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species or "ROS" encompass several molecules derived from oxygen that can oxidize other molecules and subsequently transition rapidly between species. The key roles of ROS in biological processes are cell signaling, biosynthetic processes, and host defense. In cancer cells, increased ROS production and oxidative stress are instigated by carcinogens, oncogenic mutations, and importantly, metabolic reprograming of the rapidly proliferating cancer cells. Increased ROS production activates myriad downstream survival pathways that further cancer progression and metastasis. In this review, we highlight the relation between ROS, the metabolic programing of cancer, and stromal and immune cells with emphasis on and the transcription machinery involved in redox homeostasis, metabolic programing and malignant phenotype. We also shed light on the therapeutic targeting of metabolic pathways generating ROS as we investigate: Orlistat, Biguandes, AICAR, 2 Deoxyglucose, CPI-613, and Etomoxir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Ghoneum
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Ammar Yasser Abdulfattah
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Bailey Olivia Warren
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Junjun Shu
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Neveen Said
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Departments of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
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30
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Raimondi V, Ciccarese F, Ciminale V. Oncogenic pathways and the electron transport chain: a dangeROS liaison. Br J Cancer 2019; 122:168-181. [PMID: 31819197 PMCID: PMC7052168 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Driver mutations in oncogenic pathways, rewiring of cellular metabolism and altered ROS homoeostasis are intimately connected hallmarks of cancer. Electrons derived from different metabolic processes are channelled into the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) to fuel the oxidative phosphorylation process. Electrons leaking from the ETC can prematurely react with oxygen, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Several signalling pathways are affected by ROS, which act as second messengers controlling cell proliferation and survival. On the other hand, oncogenic pathways hijack the ETC, enhancing its ROS-producing capacity by increasing electron flow or by impinging on the structure and organisation of the ETC. In this review, we focus on the ETC as a source of ROS and its modulation by oncogenic pathways, which generates a vicious cycle that resets ROS levels to a higher homoeostatic set point, sustaining the cancer cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy. .,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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31
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Lipid Metabolism and Endocrine Resistance in Prostate Cancer, and New Opportunities for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112626. [PMID: 31142021 PMCID: PMC6600138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men, and more than 10% of men will be diagnosed with PCa during their lifetime. Patients that are not cured with surgery or radiation are largely treated with endocrine therapies that target androgens or the androgen receptor (AR), a major driver of PCa. In response to androgen deprivation, most PCas progress to castrate resistant PCa, which is treated with anti-androgens like enzalutamide, but tumors still progress and become incurable. Thus, there is a critical need to identify cellular pathways that allow tumors to escape anti-androgen therapies. Epidemiological studies suggest that high-fat diets play important roles in PCa progression. Lipid metabolism rewires the PCa metabolome to support growth and resistance to endocrine therapies, although the exact mechanisms remain obscure. Therapeutic effects have been observed inhibiting several aspects of PCa lipid metabolism: Synthesis, uptake, and oxidation. Since AR remains a driver of PCa in advanced disease, strategies targeting both lipid metabolism and AR are starting to emerge, providing new opportunities to re-sensitize tumors to endocrine therapies with lipid metabolic approaches.
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32
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Carvalho TM, Cardoso HJ, Figueira MI, Vaz CV, Socorro S. The peculiarities of cancer cell metabolism: A route to metastasization and a target for therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:343-363. [PMID: 30928707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed the peculiarities of metabolic reprogramming in tumour onset and progression, and their relevance in cancer therapy. Also, it has been indicated that the metastatic process may depend on the metabolic rewiring and adaptation of cancer cells to the pressure of tumour microenvironment and limiting nutrient availability. The present review gatherers the existent knowledge on the influence of tumour microenvironment and metabolic routes driving metastasis. A focus will be given to glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, glutaminolysis, and amino acid handling. In addition, the role of metabolic waste driving metastasization will be explored. Finally, we discuss the status of cancer treatment approaches targeting metabolism. This knowledge revision will highlight the critical metabolic targets in metastasis and the chemicals already used in preclinical studies and clinical trials, providing clues that would be further exploited in medicinal chemistry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ma Carvalho
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Henrique J Cardoso
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marília I Figueira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cátia V Vaz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Chronic Hypoxia Enhances β-Oxidation-Dependent Electron Transport via Electron Transferring Flavoproteins. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020172. [PMID: 30781698 PMCID: PMC6406996 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia poses a stress to cells and decreases mitochondrial respiration, in part by electron transport chain (ETC) complex reorganization. While metabolism under acute hypoxia is well characterized, alterations under chronic hypoxia largely remain unexplored. We followed oxygen consumption rates in THP-1 monocytes during acute (16 h) and chronic (72 h) hypoxia, compared to normoxia, to analyze the electron flows associated with glycolysis, glutamine, and fatty acid oxidation. Oxygen consumption under acute hypoxia predominantly demanded pyruvate, while under chronic hypoxia, fatty acid- and glutamine-oxidation dominated. Chronic hypoxia also elevated electron-transferring flavoproteins (ETF), and the knockdown of ETF–ubiquinone oxidoreductase lowered mitochondrial respiration under chronic hypoxia. Metabolomics revealed an increase in citrate under chronic hypoxia, which implied glutamine processing to α-ketoglutarate and citrate. Expression regulation of enzymes involved in this metabolic shunting corroborated this assumption. Moreover, the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 increased, thus pointing to fatty acid synthesis under chronic hypoxia. Cells lacking complex I, which experienced a markedly impaired respiration under normoxia, also shifted their metabolism to fatty acid-dependent synthesis and usage. Taken together, we provide evidence that chronic hypoxia fuels the ETC via ETFs, increasing fatty acid production and consumption via the glutamine-citrate-fatty acid axis.
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