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Gold Nanoparticles-Mediated Photothermal Therapy of Pancreas Using GATE: A New Simulation Platform. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225686. [PMID: 36428778 PMCID: PMC9688087 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents the first investigation of gold nanorods (GNRs)-based photothermal therapy of the pancreas tumor using the Monte Carlo-based code implemented with Geant4 Application for Emission Tomography (GATE). The model of a human pancreas was obtained by segmenting an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan, and its physical and chemical properties, were obtained from experimental and theoretical data. In GATE, GNRs-mediated hyperthermal therapy, simple heat diffusion as well as interstitial laser ablation were then modeled in the pancreas tumor by defining the optical parameters of this tissue when it is loaded with GNRs. Two different experimental setups on ex vivo pancreas tissue and GNRs-embedded water were devised to benchmark the developed Monte Carlo-based model for the hyperthermia in the pancreas alone and with GNRs, respectively. The influence of GNRs on heat distribution and temperature increase within the pancreas tumor was compared for two different power values (1.2 W and 2.1 W) when the tumor was exposed to 808 nm laser irradiation and with two different laser applicator diameters. Benchmark tests demonstrated the possibility of the accurate simulating of NPs-assisted thermal therapy and reproducing the experimental data with GATE software. Then, the output of the simulated GNR-mediated hyperthermia emphasized the importance of the precise evaluation of all of the parameters for optimizing the preplanning of cancer thermal therapy. Simulation results on temperature distribution in the pancreas tumor showed that the temperature enhancement caused by raising the power was increased with time in both the tumor with and without GNRs, but it was higher for the GNR-load tumor compared to tumor alone.
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Tudda A, Donzelli E, Nicolini G, Semperboni S, Bossi M, Cavaletti G, Castriconi R, Mangili P, Vecchio AD, Sarno A, Mettivier G, Russo P. Breast radiotherapy with kilovoltage photons and gold nanoparticles as radiosensitizer: An in vitro study. Med Phys 2021; 49:568-578. [PMID: 34778990 PMCID: PMC9299863 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the dose enhancement and internalization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) used as a radiosensitizer agent for rotational radiotherapy of breast cancer using a kilovoltage (kV) X‐ray beam. Methods Human breast cancer cells MDA‐MB‐231 were incubated with or without 100 μg/mL (4.87 nM) or 200 μg/mL (9.74 nM) 15 nm AuNPs and irradiated with 100 kV, 190 kV, or 6 MV X‐rays. To assess the toxicity of the AuNPs, we performed a Sulforhodamine B assay. Using atomic absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and time‐lapse optical microscopy (rate of 2 frames per minute), we carried out a quantitative assessment of the amount of gold internalized by MDA‐MB‐231 cells and a characterization of the static and dynamical aspects of this internalization process. Results No effect of AuNPs alone was shown on cell viability. Time‐lapse optical microscopy showed for the first time AuNPs cellular uptake and the dynamics of AuNPs internalization. Electron microscopy demonstrated AuNPs localization in endosomal vesicles, preferentially in the perinuclear region. After irradiation at doses up to 2 Gy, cell survival fraction curves showed increased mortality with AuNPs, with respect to irradiation without AuNPs. The highest effect of radioenhancement by AuNPs (at 9.74 nM AuNPs concentration) was observed at 190 kV showing a dose enhancement factor of 1.33 ± 0.06 (1.34 ± 0.02 at 100 kV), while at 6 MV it was 1.14 ± 0.06. Conclusions The observed radio‐sensitization effect is promising for future radio‐enhanced kV radiotherapy of breast cancer and quantitatively in the order of previous observations for 15 nm AuNPs. These results of a significant dose enhancement were obtained at 15 nm AuNPs concentration as low as several nanomolar units, at dose levels typical of a single dose fraction in a radiotherapy session. Dynamical behavior of the 3D spatial distribution of 15 nm AuNPs outside the nucleus of single breast cancer cell was observed, with possible implications for future models of AuNPs sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Tudda
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,INFN Division of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Medical Physics Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Physics, Specialty School of Medical Physics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Donzelli
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,INFN Division of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Nicolini
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,INFN Division of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Semperboni
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,INFN Division of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Bossi
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberta Castriconi
- Medical Physics Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,INFN Division of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Mangili
- Medical Physics Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,INFN Division of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Del Vecchio
- Medical Physics Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,INFN Division of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Sarno
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,INFN Division of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mettivier
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,INFN Division of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Russo
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,INFN Division of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Ielo I, Rando G, Giacobello F, Sfameni S, Castellano A, Galletta M, Drommi D, Rosace G, Plutino MR. Synthesis, Chemical-Physical Characterization, and Biomedical Applications of Functional Gold Nanoparticles: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:5823. [PMID: 34641367 PMCID: PMC8510367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Relevant properties of gold nanoparticles, such as stability and biocompatibility, together with their peculiar optical and electronic behavior, make them excellent candidates for medical and biological applications. This review describes the different approaches to the synthesis, surface modification, and characterization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) related to increasing their stability and available features useful for employment as drug delivery systems or in hyperthermia and photothermal therapy. The synthetic methods reported span from the well-known Turkevich synthesis, reduction with NaBH4 with or without citrate, seeding growth, ascorbic acid-based, green synthesis, and Brust-Schiffrin methods. Furthermore, the nanosized functionalization of the AuNP surface brought about the formation of self-assembled monolayers through the employment of polymer coatings as capping agents covalently bonded to the nanoparticles. The most common chemical-physical characterization techniques to determine the size, shape and surface coverage of AuNPs are described underlining the structure-activity correlation in the frame of their applications in the biomedical and biotechnology sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Ielo
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN—CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.I.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Giulia Rando
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Analytical Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.R.); (M.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Fausta Giacobello
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN—CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.I.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Silvia Sfameni
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN—CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.I.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, Contrada di Dio, S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Castellano
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN—CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.I.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Maurilio Galletta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Analytical Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.R.); (M.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Dario Drommi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Analytical Sciences (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.R.); (M.G.); (D.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Rosace
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Viale Marconi 5, 24044 Dalmine, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Plutino
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN—CNR, Palermo, c/o Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Vill. S. Agata, 98166 Messina, Italy; (I.I.); (F.G.); (S.S.); (A.C.)
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Asadi S, Bianchi L, De Landro M, Korganbayev S, Schena E, Saccomandi P. Laser-induced optothermal response of gold nanoparticles: From a physical viewpoint to cancer treatment application. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000161. [PMID: 32761778 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs)-based photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising minimally invasive thermal therapy for the treatment of focal malignancies. Although GNPs-based PTT has been known for over two decades and GNPs possess unique properties as therapeutic agents, the delivery of a safe and effective therapy is still an open question. This review aims at providing relevant and recent information on the usage of GNPs in combination with the laser to treat cancers, pointing out the practical aspects that bear on the therapy outcome. Emphasis is given to the assessment of the GNPs' properties and the physical mechanisms underlying the laser-induced heat generation in GNPs-loaded tissues. The main techniques available for temperature measurement and the current theoretical simulation approaches predicting the therapeutic outcome are reviewed. Topical challenges in delivering safe thermal dosage are also presented with the aim to discuss the state-of-the-art and the future perspective in the field of GNPs-mediated PTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Asadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bianchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina De Landro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Emiliano Schena
- Laboratory of Measurement and Biomedical Instrumentation, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Khademi R, Razminia A. Selective nano-thermal therapy of human retinoblastoma in retinal laser surgery. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 24:102102. [PMID: 31678179 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this research, an experimental validated predictive finite element model of a cancerous human eye is developed to investigate how the tumor cells in retinoblastoma can be selectively damaged in the course of laser irradiation. In the computational modeling, the tumor is assumed to be in the initial growth stages and located in the macular zone. The statistical calculations testify that an 8.5% improvement in our estimation of the experimental temperature inside the normal human eye compared to those provided by the previous model has been achieved. Under the surgical conditions, the at-risk regions are determined, and the thermal responses of the tissue to various intrinsic and operating factors are obtained and discussed. Our findings indicate that, in the same amount of exposure time, introducing biodegradable nanoparticles in a concentration of 0.2 into the tumor tissue can increase the lethal zone area by 51 percent, and could plays an effective role in surviving of corneal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Khademi
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Abolhassan Razminia
- Dynamical Systems & Control (DSC) Research Lab., Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Persian Gulf University, 75169, Bushehr, Iran.
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Kanavi MR, Asadi S, Balagholi S, Alikarami F, Nosrati H, Ahmadieh H. Gamma irradiation of ocular melanoma and lymphoma cells in the presence of gold nanoparticles: in vitro study. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2018; 19:268-275. [PMID: 29707895 PMCID: PMC5978644 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine whether conjugation of cultivated choroidal melanoma and Burkitt's lymphoma cells with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is beneficial for these series of ocular cancer patients. GNPs are radiosensitizers and can sensitize tumors to radiotherapy.This application has been examined in several tumor types, but not in choroidal melanoma. This study shows the results of in vitro study on the choroidal melanoma and also Burkitt's lymphoma cells in the presence of GNPs during continuous gamma irradiation. Cytotoxicity of GNPs were assessed for five different concentrations then cultured melanoma and Burkitt's lymphoma cells were irradiated with a Gamma source in the presence and absence of NPs. Incubation of melanoma cells with GNP concentrations below 100 μg/ml, accompanied by gamma irradiation, increased cell death (P value = 0.016) . In the absence of irradiation, GNPs at these concentrations did not affect cultured melanoma cell metabolism. Reduced cell viability resulted from a significant increase in absorbed energy by the tumor. Moreover, GNP concentrations higher than 200 μg/ml induced cytotoxicity in melanoma cells. Cytotoxicity assay in GNPs-loaded Burkitt's lymphoma cells showed a slight decrease in cell viability at 50 μg/ml and clear cytotoxicity at concentrations higher than 100 μg/ml (P value = 0.035). Concentration and proper injection doses of GNPs in sensitive tissues such as the human eye are important variables yet to be determined.This is the first report of choroidal melanoma dosimetry performed in the presence of GNPs and provides valuable insights into future therapeutic approaches. Further in vitro study with more different sizes and concentrations is needed to determine the optimum size and concentration before any clinical research in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Asadi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Ophtalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Balagholi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alikarami
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Nosrati
- Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophtalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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