1
|
Yu M, Park C, Son YB, Jo SE, Jeon SH, Kim YJ, Han SB, Hong JT, Son DJ. Time-Dependent Effect of Eggshell Membrane on Monosodium-Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis: Early-Stage Inflammation Control and Late-Stage Cartilage Protection. Nutrients 2024; 16:1885. [PMID: 38931240 PMCID: PMC11206400 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that causes chronic pain, swelling, stiffness, disability, and significantly reduces the quality of life. Typically, OA is treated using painkillers and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). While current pharmacologic treatments are common, their potential side effects have prompted exploration into functional dietary supplements. Recently, eggshell membrane (ESM) has emerged as a potential functional ingredient for joint and connective tissue disorders due to its clinical efficacy in relieving joint pain and stiffness. Despite promising clinical evidence, the effects of ESM on OA progression and its mechanism of action remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the efficacy of Ovomet®, a powdered natural ESM, against joint pain and disease progression in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rodent model of OA in mice and rats. The results demonstrate that ESM significantly alleviates joint pain and attenuates articular cartilage destruction in both mice and rats that received oral supplementation for 5 days prior to OA induction and for 28 days thereafter. Interestingly, ESM significantly inhibited mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as inflammatory mediators, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the knee joint cartilage at the early stage of OA, within 7 days after OA induction. However, this effect was not observed in the late stage at 28 days after OA induction. ESM further attenuates the induction of protein expression for cartilage-degrading enzymes like matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) 3 and 13, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS-5), in the late-stage. In addition, MIA-induced reduction of the protein expression levels of cartilage components, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), aggrecan (ACAN) and collagen type II α-1 chain (COL2α1), and cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis promoting transcriptional factor SRY-Box 9 (SOX-9) were increased via ESM treatment in the cartilage tissue. Our findings suggest that Ovomet®, a natural ESM powder, is a promising dietary functional ingredient that can alleviate pain, inflammatory response, and cartilage degradation associated with the progression of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 194-21 Osongsaengmyong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 28160, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; (M.Y.); (C.P.); (Y.B.S.); (S.E.J.); (S.H.J.); (Y.J.K.); (S.B.H.); (J.T.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rønning SB, Carlsen H, Rocha SDC, Rud I, Solberg N, Høst V, Veiseth-Kent E, Arnesen H, Bergum S, Kirkhus B, Böcker U, Abedali N, Rundblad A, Bålsrud P, Måge I, Holven KB, Ulven SM, Pedersen ME. Dietary intake of micronized avian eggshell membrane in aged mice reduces circulating inflammatory markers, increases microbiota diversity, and attenuates skeletal muscle aging. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1336477. [PMID: 38288061 PMCID: PMC10822908 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1336477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Avian eggshell membrane (ESM) is a complex extracellular matrix comprising collagens, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and hyaluronic acid. We have previously demonstrated that ESM possesses anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and regulates wound healing processes in vivo. The present study aimed to investigate if oral intake of micronized ESM could attenuate skeletal muscle aging associated with beneficial alterations in gut microbiota profile and reduced inflammation. Methods Elderly male C57BL/6 mice were fed an AIN93G diet supplemented with 0, 0.1, 1, or 8% ESM. Young mice were used as reference. The digestibility of ESM was investigated using the static in vitro digestion model INFOGEST for older people and adults, and the gut microbiota profile was analyzed in mice. In addition, we performed a small-scale pre-clinical human study with healthy home-dwelling elderly (>70 years) who received capsules with a placebo or 500 mg ESM every day for 4 weeks and studied the effect on circulating inflammatory markers. Results and discussion Intake of ESM in elderly mice impacted and attenuated several well-known hallmarks of aging, such as a reduction in the number of skeletal muscle fibers, the appearance of centronucleated fibers, a decrease in type IIa/IIx fiber type proportion, reduced gene expression of satellite cell markers Sdc3 and Pax7 and increased gene expression of the muscle atrophy marker Fbxo32. Similarly, a transition toward the phenotypic characteristics of young mice was observed for several proteins involved in cellular processes and metabolism. The digestibility of ESM was poor, especially for the elderly condition. Furthermore, our experiments showed that mice fed with 8% ESM had increased gut microbiota diversity and altered microbiota composition compared with the other groups. ESM in the diet also lowered the expression of the inflammation marker TNFA in mice and in vitro in THP-1 macrophages. In the human study, intake of ESM capsules significantly reduced the inflammatory marker CRP. Altogether, our results suggest that ESM, a natural extracellular biomaterial, may be attractive as a nutraceutical candidate with a possible effect on skeletal muscle aging possibly through its immunomodulating effect or gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Harald Carlsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Ida Rud
- Nofima AS, Food Division, Ås, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Henriette Arnesen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Nada Abedali
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amanda Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pia Bålsrud
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kirsten Bjørklund Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine Marie Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Suparwitri S, Alhasyimi AA. Potency of hyaluronic acid from eggshell-membrane for open gingival embrasure reconstruction following orthodontic tooth movement (a histomorphological study). Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022; 19:107. [PMID: 36605137 PMCID: PMC9808007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this research was to assess the effectiveness of eggshell-membrane (ESM)-containing hyaluronic acid (HA) in the treatment of open gingival embrasure (OGE) following orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Materials and Methods This study is an in vivo quasi experimental research. A total of 24 Cavia cobaya were equally divided into two groups, treatment (10% HA injection) and control (phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]). A separator was inserted between mandibular incisors to induce an OGE. A volume of 20 μl of either PBS (n = 12) or ESM extract (n = 12) was locally injected within the interdental papilla. Decapitation of animals was made on day 1, 4, and 7 postinjection. The staining was done using hemotoxylin and eosin to observe angiogenesis and Mallory to observe the collagen density. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis were performed to detect the amount of HA available in ESM. The results were then compared with independent t-tests and the Mann-Whitney test. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results The FTIR and TLC analysis showed that HA was successfully identified in the ESM samples. Local injection of 10% HA induced an increase of angiogenesis compared to the control group on day 1 and 4 postinjection (P < 0.05). Significant differences (P < 0.05) were also noted in the collagen density and the growth of interdental papilla on day 4 and 7 postinjection. Conclusion ESM has the potential effect of regenerating the interdental papilla construction after OTM by increasing the collagen fiber density and inducing angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Suparwitri
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ananto Ali Alhasyimi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ananto Ali Alhasyimi, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dhasmana A, Malik S, Sharma AK, Ranjan A, Chauhan A, Harakeh S, Al-Raddadi RM, Almashjary MN, Bawazir WMS, Haque S. Fabrication and evaluation of herbal beads to slow cell ageing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1025405. [PMID: 36568310 PMCID: PMC9773394 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1025405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several therapies and cosmetics are available commercially to prevent or delay cell ageing, which manifests as premature cell death and skin dullness. Use of herbal products such as Aloe vera, curcumin, vitamin C-enriched natural antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory biomolecules are potential ways to prevent or delay ageing. Eggshell membrane (ESM) is also a rich source of collagen; glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) also play an essential role in healing and preventing ageing. It is important to use an extended therapeutic process to prolong the effectiveness of these products, despite the fact that they all have significant anti-ageing properties and the ability to regenerate healthy cells. Encapsulated herbal components are therefore designed to overcome the challenge of ensuring continued treatment over time to prolong the effects of a bioactive component after in situ administration. To study their synergistic effects on a cellular level, alginate, Aloe vera, and orange peel extract were encapsulated in bio-polymeric foaming beads and modified with eggshell membrane protein (ESMP) at various concentrations (1 gm, 2 gm, and 5 gm): (A-Av-OP, A-Av-OP-ESMP1, ESMP2, and ESMP3). Analysis of the structural and functional properties of foaming beads showed interconnected 3D porous structure, a surface-functionalized group for entrapment of ESMP, and a significant reduction in pore size (51-35 m) and porosity (80%-60%). By performing DPPH assays, HRBC stabilization assays, and antibacterial tests, the beads were assessed as a natural anti-ageing product with sustained release of molecules effective against inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and microbial contamination. MTT assays were conducted using in vitro cell cultures to demonstrate cytocompatibility (in mouse 3T3 fibroblast cells) and cytotoxicity (in human carcinoma HeLa cells). Our study demonstrates that bio-polymeric ESMP beads up to 2 g (A-Av-OP-ESMP2) are practical and feasible natural remedies for suspending defective cell pathways, preventing cell ageing, and promoting healthy cell growth, resulting in a viable and practical natural remedy or therapeutic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archna Dhasmana
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Amit Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr KNMIPER, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Ranjan
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed N. Almashjary
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Animal House Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Mohammed S. Bawazir
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kulshreshtha G, Diep T, Hudson HA, Hincke MT. High value applications and current commercial market for eggshell membranes and derived bioactives. Food Chem 2022; 382:132270. [PMID: 35149473 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chicken eggshell membrane (ESM) is a highly insoluble structure that is greatly stabilized by extensive desmosine, isodesmosine, and disulfide cross-linkages. The ESM possesses numerous biological functions including anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-wrinkle, and antioxidant activities. The ESM is mainly proteinaceous; proteomics and bioinformatics analysis of ESM has identified > 500 proteins, such as collagens, glycoproteins, avian beta-defensins, and lysozyme. ESM also contains significant amounts of carbohydrate, including hyaluronic acid (HA). In general, HA plays an important role in tissue hydration and cellular mechanisms such as growth, differentiation, and transport, and has diverse health and medical applications. Despite ESM being rich in important bioactive compounds, it is often considered as a waste product of the egg-breaking industry and is under-utilized. A major challenge for the successful commercial exploitation of ESM and bioactive constituents is its limited solubility and bioavailability due to cross-linkages of ESM fibers. Various processing and extraction methods are employed to overcome these limitations and improve the production of HA and collagen-based ESM formats. Moreover, we believe that there is a wide scope to exploit ESM for novel applications, leading to new intellectual property (IP) and patenting opportunities. This review presents an overview of scientific background, IP landscape and current commercial market for ESM and derived bioactives including collagens and HA. A detailed literature survey is provided for each area of interest. We analyze regulatory guidelines for ESM, contrasting quality control / microbial safety assessment in cosmetics and personal care products (hazard based) with that of the food industry (risk-based). New perspectives for upcycling of ESM waste to commercially viable high-value biomaterials as nutraceutical supplements and as cosmetics ingredients are discussed. This overview of ESM separation techniques and applications could form the basis for directed research and product development in order to exploit the unique bioactivities of ESM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Kulshreshtha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ty Diep
- Lyn Egg Production and Grading, Burnbrae Farms Limited, Lyn, Ontario K0E 1M0, Canada
| | - Helen-Anne Hudson
- Lyn Egg Production and Grading, Burnbrae Farms Limited, Lyn, Ontario K0E 1M0, Canada
| | - Maxwell T Hincke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Andreassen RC, Rønning SB, Solberg NT, Grønlien KG, Kristoffersen KA, Høst V, Kolset SO, Pedersen ME. Production of food-grade microcarriers based on by-products from the food industry to facilitate the expansion of bovine skeletal muscle satellite cells for cultured meat production. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
7
|
Membrana de cáscara de huevo para la curación de heridas superficiales en ratones. BIOMÉDICA 2022; 42:234-243. [PMID: 35867917 PMCID: PMC9313514 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introducción. Las membranas de la cáscara de huevo presentan propiedades beneficiosas para la regeneración de tejidos y sus aplicaciones biomédicas son importantes. Objetivo. Demostrar la efectividad de las membranas de la cáscara de huevo no fecundado de gallina en el tratamiento de heridas abiertas superficiales en ratones, en comparación con el procedimiento convencional. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una herida superficial lineal de 15 mm en la espalda de 10 ratones albinos machos. Los ratones se dividieron en cuatro grupos, uno no recibió ningún tratamiento y los otros tres sí: uno, tratamiento convencional, otro, con membranas de huevo directamente aplicadas a la herida y, el otro, con membranas en forma de polvo. La evolución de las heridas se registró en fotografías y se calculó la tasa de reducción de la longitud de la herida, así como el tiempo y el porcentaje de curación. Los porcentajes de curación se analizaron con ANOVA y la prueba de Dunnett (p<0,05). Resultados. Con los tratamientos con membranas de huevo y polvo de membrana, se logró una tasa de reducción de longitud de 1.009 y 1.020 mm/día, respectivamente, y un tiempo de curación de 12 días, en tanto que, con el tratamiento convencional, la tasa de reducción fue de 0,852 mm/día y la curación se dio en 16 días. El análisis estadístico mostró diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos con membrana de huevo y el tratamiento convencional. Conclusiones. Las membranas de la cáscara de huevo aplicadas de forma directa y en polvo resultaron más efectivas que la aplicación del procedimiento convencional en el tratamiento de heridas abiertas superficiales en ratones.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhu L, Xiong H, Huang X, Guyonnet V, Ma M, Chen X, Zheng Y, Wang L, Hu G. Identification and molecular mechanisms of novel antioxidant peptides from two sources of eggshell membrane hydrolysates showing cytoprotection against oxidative stress: A combined in silico and in vitro study. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
9
|
Zhao W, Xu D, Zhang L, Meng H, Zheng Q, Wang J. Anti-inflammation of torachrysone-8-O-β-ᴅ-glucoside by hurdling over morphological changes of macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 105:108548. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
10
|
The Potential Roles of Probiotics, Resistant Starch, and Resistant Proteins in Ameliorating Inflammation during Aging (Inflammaging). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040747. [PMID: 35215397 PMCID: PMC8879781 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is typically accompanied by biological and physiological changes that alter cellular functions. Two of the most predominant phenomena in aging include chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) and changes in the gut microbiota composition (dysbiosis). Although a direct causal relationship has not been established, many studies have reported significant reductions in inflammation during aging through well-maintained gut health and microbial balance. Prebiotics and probiotics are known to support gut health and can be easily incorporated into the daily diet. Unfortunately, few studies specifically focus on their significance in reducing inflammation during aging. Therefore, this review summarizes the scientific evidence of the potential roles of probiotics and two types of prebiotics, resistant starch and resistant proteins, in later age. Studies have demonstrated that the oral consumption of bacteria that may contribute to anti-inflammatory response, such as Bifidobacterium spp., Akkermansia munichipilla, and Faecalis praunitzii, contributes significantly to the suppression of pro-inflammatory markers in elderly humans and aged animals. Colonic fermentation of resistant starch and proteins also demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity owing to the production of butyrate and an improvement in the gut microbiota composition. Collectively, probiotics, resistant starch, and resistant proteins have the potential to promote healthy aging.
Collapse
|
11
|
Alhasyimi A, Suparwitri S. Potency of hyaluronic acid from eggshell–membrane for open gingival embrasure reconstruction following orthodontic tooth movement (a histomorphological study). Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.363566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
12
|
Effects of diesel exhaust particles and urban particles on brain endothelial cells. Toxicol Res 2021; 38:91-98. [PMID: 35070944 PMCID: PMC8748579 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-021-00110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and urban particles (UPs) increases the incidence of degenerative brain diseases as well as respiratory diseases. However, there is limited evidence on the mechanism of neurotoxicity on exposure to these particles. In the present study, the damage to blood-brain barrier (BBB) function by DEP or UP exposure was evaluated in bEnd.3 cells, which are derived from the brain tissue of Balb/c mice. It was demonstrated that DEP and UP exposure may induce oxidative stress via increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreasing total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level in bEnd.3 cells. In addition, cells exposed to DEP and UP demonstrated a resistance value of about 50% each compared to the value noted prior to exposure; additionally, Claudin-5 and ZO-1 expression levels were significantly decreased compared to the corresponding levels in the control. It was inferred that DEP or UP exposure diminishes the expression of tight junction proteins in endothelial cells through ROS generation, thereby enhancing endothelial membrane permeability. This study showed that DEPs or UPs induced cell permeability and oxidative stress by increasing ROS generation in bEnd.3 cells. This suggests the possibility that exposure to DEPs or UPs may compromise the integrity of the BBB and induce adverse effects in the CNS.
Collapse
|
13
|
Shi Y, Zhou K, Li D, Guyonnet V, Hincke MT, Mine Y. Avian Eggshell Membrane as a Novel Biomaterial: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092178. [PMID: 34574286 PMCID: PMC8466381 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The eggshell membrane (ESM), mainly composed of collagen-like proteins, is readily available as a waste product of the egg industry. As a novel biomaterial, ESM is attractive for its applications in the nutraceutical, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical fields. This review provides the main information about the structure and chemical composition of the ESM as well as some approaches for its isolation and solubilization. In addition, the review focuses on the role and performance of bioactive ESM-derived products in various applications, while a detailed literature survey is provided. The evaluation of the safety of ESM is also summarized. Finally, new perspectives regarding the potential of ESM as a novel biomaterial in various engineering fields are discussed. This review provides promising future directions for comprehensive application of ESM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (K.Z.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kai Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (K.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (K.Z.); (D.L.)
| | - Vincent Guyonnet
- FFI Consulting Ltd., 2488 Lyn Road, Brockville, ON K6V 5T3, Canada;
| | - Maxwell T. Hincke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave. E, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Yoshinori Mine
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (Y.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xiao N, Huang X, He W, Yao Y, Wu N, Xu M, Du H, Zhao Y, Tu Y. A review on recent advances of egg byproducts: Preparation, functional properties, biological activities and food applications. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110563. [PMID: 34399539 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of egg industries produced vast byproducts that have not been effectively used. In this paper, the comprehensive utilization of egg byproducts was reviewed. Protein extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis were the main used ways for recycle of egg byproducts. The fact that eggshell membrane could accelerate would healing and improve facial skin of healthy people for 12 weeks was found. However, salted egg white had poor functional properties owing to high salt and ultrafiltration was an effective technology to remove 92.93% of salt. Moreover, Defatted yolk protein had the great potential to be used as food additives and functional foods. Other egg byproducts such as egg inhibitor and eggshells also were discussed. The novel applications of egg byproducts in the food field included food additives, feeds, food packaging materials and nutraceuticals based on current knowledge, but the proportion needed to be improved. This paper would provide a new insight for comprehensive utilization of egg byproducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanhai Xiao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xi Huang
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wen He
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Na Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Huaying Du
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Yonggang Tu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Baláž M, Boldyreva EV, Rybin D, Pavlović S, Rodríguez-Padrón D, Mudrinić T, Luque R. State-of-the-Art of Eggshell Waste in Materials Science: Recent Advances in Catalysis, Pharmaceutical Applications, and Mechanochemistry. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:612567. [PMID: 33585413 PMCID: PMC7873488 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.612567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggshell waste is among the most abundant waste materials coming from food processing technologies. Despite the unique properties that both its components (eggshell, ES, and eggshell membrane, ESM) possess, it is very often discarded without further use. This review article aims to summarize the recent reports utilizing eggshell waste for very diverse purposes, stressing the need to use a mechanochemical approach to broaden its applications. The most studied field with regards to the potential use of eggshell waste is catalysis. Upon proper treatment, it can be used for turning waste oils into biodiesel and moreover, the catalytic effect of eggshell-based material in organic synthesis is also very beneficial. In inorganic chemistry, the eggshell membrane is very often used as a templating agent for nanoparticles production. Such composites are suitable for application in photocatalysis. These bionanocomposites are also capable of heavy metal ions reduction and can be also used for the ozonation process. The eggshell and its membrane are applicable in electrochemistry as well. Due to the high protein content and the presence of functional groups on the surface, ESM can be easily converted to a high-performance electrode material. Finally, both ES and ESM are suitable for medical applications, as the former can be used as an inexpensive Ca2+ source for the development of medications, particles for drug delivery, organic matrix/mineral nanocomposites as potential tissue scaffolds, food supplements and the latter for the treatment of joint diseases, in reparative medicine and vascular graft producing. For the majority of the above-mentioned applications, the pretreatment of the eggshell waste is necessary. Among other options, the mechanochemical pretreatment has found an inevitable place. Since the publication of the last review paper devoted to the mechanochemical treatment of eggshell waste, a few new works have appeared, which are reviewed here to underline the sustainable character of the proposed methodology. The mechanochemical treatment of eggshell is capable of producing the nanoscale material which can be further used for bioceramics synthesis, dehalogenation processes, wastewater treatment, preparation of hydrophobic filters, lithium-ion batteries, dental materials, and in the building industry as cement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matej Baláž
- Department of Mechanochemistry, Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Elena V. Boldyreva
- Department of Solid State Chemistry, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Rybin
- Udmurt Federal Research Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk, Russia
- Mezomax Inc., San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stefan Pavlović
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, University of Belgrade – Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Tihana Mudrinić
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Engineering, University of Belgrade – Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy – National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rafael Luque
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rønning SB, Berg RS, Høst V, Veiseth-Kent E, Wilhelmsen CR, Haugen E, Suso HP, Barham P, Schmidt R, Pedersen ME. Processed Eggshell Membrane Powder Is a Promising Biomaterial for Use in Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218130. [PMID: 33143232 PMCID: PMC7663119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the tissue regenerating and biomechanical properties of processed eggshell membrane powder (PEP) for use in 3D-scaffolds. PEP is a low-cost, natural biomaterial with beneficial bioactive properties. Most importantly, this material is available as a by-product of the chicken egg processing (breaking) industry on a large scale, and it could have potential as a low-cost ingredient for therapeutic scaffolds. Scaffolds consisting of collagen alone and collagen combined with PEP were produced and analyzed for their mechanical properties and the growth of primary fibroblasts and skeletal muscle cells. Mechanical testing revealed that a PEP/collagen-based scaffold increased the mechanical hardness of the scaffold compared with a pure collagen scaffold. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated an interconnected porous structure for both scaffolds, and that the PEP was evenly distributed in dense clusters within the scaffold. Fibroblast and skeletal muscle cells attached, were viable and able to proliferate for 1 and 2 weeks in both scaffolds. The cell types retained their phenotypic properties expressing phenotype markers of fibroblasts (TE7, alpha-smooth muscle actin) and skeletal muscle (CD56) visualized by immunostaining. mRNA expression of the skeletal muscle markers myoD, myogenin, and fibroblasts marker (SMA) together with extracellular matrix components supported viable phenotypes and matrix-producing cells in both types of scaffolds. In conclusion, PEP is a promising low-cost, natural biomaterial for use in combination with collagen as a scaffold for 3D-tissue engineering to improve the mechanical properties and promote cellular adhesion and growth of regenerating cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sissel B. Rønning
- Nofima AS, Pb 210, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; (S.B.R.); (R.S.B.); (V.H.); (E.V.-K.); (C.R.W.); (E.H.)
| | - Ragnhild S. Berg
- Nofima AS, Pb 210, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; (S.B.R.); (R.S.B.); (V.H.); (E.V.-K.); (C.R.W.); (E.H.)
| | - Vibeke Høst
- Nofima AS, Pb 210, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; (S.B.R.); (R.S.B.); (V.H.); (E.V.-K.); (C.R.W.); (E.H.)
| | - Eva Veiseth-Kent
- Nofima AS, Pb 210, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; (S.B.R.); (R.S.B.); (V.H.); (E.V.-K.); (C.R.W.); (E.H.)
| | - Christian R. Wilhelmsen
- Nofima AS, Pb 210, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; (S.B.R.); (R.S.B.); (V.H.); (E.V.-K.); (C.R.W.); (E.H.)
| | - Eirik Haugen
- Nofima AS, Pb 210, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; (S.B.R.); (R.S.B.); (V.H.); (E.V.-K.); (C.R.W.); (E.H.)
| | - Henri-Pierre Suso
- Biovotec AS, Postbox 1001 Hoff, 0218 Oslo, Norway; (H.-P.S.); (P.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Paul Barham
- Biovotec AS, Postbox 1001 Hoff, 0218 Oslo, Norway; (H.-P.S.); (P.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Ralf Schmidt
- Biovotec AS, Postbox 1001 Hoff, 0218 Oslo, Norway; (H.-P.S.); (P.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Mona E. Pedersen
- Nofima AS, Pb 210, NO-1431 Ås, Norway; (S.B.R.); (R.S.B.); (V.H.); (E.V.-K.); (C.R.W.); (E.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+47-64970243
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Metabolic mechanism and anti-inflammation effects of sinomenine and its major metabolites N-demethylsinomenine and sinomenine-N-oxide. Life Sci 2020; 261:118433. [PMID: 32950572 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Sinomenine (SIN) is clinically used as an anti-rheumatic drug. However, the metabolic and pharmacological mechanisms of SIN combined with its metabolites are unclear. This study aims to explore the cyclic metabolic mechanism of SIN, the anti-inflammation effects of SIN and its major metabolites (N-demethylsinomenine (DS) and sinomenine-N-oxide (SNO)), and the oxidation property of SNO. MATERIALS AND METHODS SIN was administrated to rats via gavage. Qishe pills (a SIN-containing drug) were orally administrated to humans. The bio-samples were collected to identify SIN's metabolites. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic incubations were used to reveal SIN's metabolic mechanism. Impacts of SIN, SNO and DS on the inflammation-related cytokine's levels and nuclear translocation of NF-κB were evaluated in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells. ROS induced by SNO (10 μM) was also assessed. KEY FINDINGS CYP3A4 and ROS predominantly mediated the formation of SNO, and CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 primarily mediated the formation of DS. Noteworthily, SNO underwent N-oxide reduction both enzymatically, by xanthine oxidase (XOD), and non-enzymatically, by ferrous ion and heme moiety. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and nuclear translocation of NF-κB were ameliorated after pretreatment of SIN in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells, while limited attenuations were observed after pretreatment of DS (SNO) even at 200 μM. In contrast, SNO induced ROS production. SIGNIFICANCE This study elucidated that SIN underwent both enzymatic and non-enzymatic cyclic metabolism and worked as the predominant anti-inflammation compound, while SNO induced ROS production, suggesting more studies of SIN combined with SNO and DS are necessary in case of DDI and potential toxicities.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kulshreshtha G, Ahmed TAE, Wu L, Diep T, Hincke MT. A novel eco-friendly green approach to produce particalized eggshell membrane (PEM) for skin health applications. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5346-5361. [PMID: 32857070 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01110j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The eggshell membrane (ESM) is a natural bioactive material, which is increasingly utilized for various biomedical applications. However, the poor solubility of ESM limits the bioavailability of its constituents and reduces the expression of their potential bioactivity. In this study, we utilized an innovative green strategy to separate ESM from shell, and processed ESM for size reduction by cryo-grinding and homogenization to produce particalized eggshell membrane (PEM) approaching submicron dimensions, with enhanced anti-inflammatory activity and increased antimicrobial activity against skin associated pathogens. Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (log10 reduction = 4.5 ± 0.3) was more sensitive to PEM as compared to Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (log10 reduction = 2.1 ± 0.3). PEM elicited a dose-dependent reduction in NO accumulation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, suggesting an anti-inflammatory response to ESM particles. These findings suggest that processed PEM possesses great potential as a topical ingredient in skincare applications to maintain skin health by reducing bacterial infections and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Kulshreshtha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zeng MY, Tong QY. Anti-inflammation Effects of Sinomenine on Macrophages through Suppressing Activated TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:130-137. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
20
|
Pires MADR, Pinto AT. Indústria do Ovo: qual é o significado e uso dessa expressão? BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.21119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo No início dos anos 2000, ovos foram reabilitados como saudáveis, sendo alimento nutritivo e economicamente acessível, de uma rica fonte de proteína animal e uma alternativa à carne vermelha. O presente trabalho objetivou identificar se a expressão “Indústria do Ovo” é utilizada em publicações acadêmicas e, se confirmada sua utilização, a que produção se refere frequentemente, bem como em que contexto é utilizada quanto à temática dos artigos científicos. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, considerando investigações publicadas nas bases de dados Scopus e Web of Science. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a utilização da expressão “Indústria do Ovo” em artigos científicos ocorre desde 1947, sendo empregada para designar, principalmente, a produção comercial de ovos de galinha, cujo uso apresenta linha de tendência crescente. Os artigos com foco em administração, economia, mercados e certificações foram predominantes no emprego da expressão “Indústria do Ovo” no decorrer do período analisado.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Based on data from the UN's Food and Agricultural Organization, about 120 million metric tons of poultry meat were produced globally in 2016. In addition, about 82 million metric tons of eggs were produced. One of the bases for this production is the reproductive efficiency of today's poultry. This, in turn, is due to their inherent reproductive physiology, intensive genetic selection and advances in husbandry/management. The system of reproduction in males in largely similar to that in mammals except that there is no descent of testes. In females, there are marked differences with there being a single ovary and oviduct; the latter being the name of the differentiated entire Müllerian duct. Moreover, females produce eggs with a yolky oocyte surrounded by albumen, membranes and shell. Among the most successful reproductive management techniques are optimizing photoperiod, light intensity and nutrition. Widespread employment of these has allowed maximizing production. Laying hens can be re-cycled toward the end egg production. Other aspects of reproductive management in poultry include the following: artificial insemination (almost exclusively employed in turkeys) and approaches to reduce broodiness together with cage free (colony), conventional, enriched and free-range systems.
Collapse
|
22
|
Varela P, Sartori S, Viebahn R, Salber J, Ciardelli G. Macrophage immunomodulation: An indispensable tool to evaluate the performance of wound dressing biomaterials. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2019; 17:2280800019830355. [PMID: 30808227 DOI: 10.1177/2280800019830355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A major burden of the healthcare system resides in providing proper medical treatment for all types of chronic wounds, which are usually treated with dressings to induce a faster regeneration. Hence, to reduce healing time and improve the patient's quality of life, it is extremely important to select the most appropriate constituent material for a specific wound dressing. A wide range of wound dressings exist but their mechanisms of action are poorly explored, especially concerning the immunomodulatory effects that occur from the interactions between immune cells and the biomaterial. Tissue-resident and monocyte-derived recruited macrophages are key regulators of wound repair. These phagocytic immune cells exert specific functions during the different stages of wound healing. The recognition of the substantial role of macrophages in the outcome of the wound healing process requires specific understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of commercially available or newly developed wound dressings. For a precise intervention, it is necessary to obtain more knowledge on macrophage polarization in different phases of wound healing in the presence of the dressings. The main purpose of this review is to collect clinical cases in which macrophage immunomodulation was taken into consideration as an indicator of the performances of novel or mainstream wound dressing materials, including those provided with antimicrobial properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Varela
- 1 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.,2 Chirurgische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Susanna Sartori
- 1 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Richard Viebahn
- 2 Chirurgische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Jochen Salber
- 2 Chirurgische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- 1 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gautron J, Guyot N, Brionne A, Réhault-Godbert S. Bioactive Minor Egg Components. EGGS AS FUNCTIONAL FOODS AND NUTRACEUTICALS FOR HUMAN HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788013833-00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the last 15 years, the development of functional genomics has increased the number of egg proteins identified from 50 to about 1300. These proteins are initially present in eggs to support a harmonious embryonic development. Consequently, this closed embryonic chamber contains molecules exhibiting diverse functions, including defense, nutrition and many predicted biological activities, which have been investigated using both bioinformatics and experimental investigations. In this chapter, we focus on some very interesting activities of high potential reported for minor egg proteins (excluding ovalbumin, ovotransferrin and lysozyme). The shell matrix proteins are involved in the calcification process to define and control the final texture of the shell and thereby its mechanical properties. Antimicrobial proteins are part of innate immunity and are mainly present in the white and vitelline membranes. They encompass several protein families, including protease inhibitors, vitamin-binding proteins, defensins, LBP-PLUNC family proteins and heparin-binding proteins. The egg also possesses additional bioactive proteins with direct anti-cancerous and antioxidant activities or whose biochemical properties are currently used to develop diagnostic tools and strategies for targeted therapy. Finally, this chapter also reports some emerging functions in tissue remodeling/wound healing and proposes some relevant bioactive candidates and research fields that would be interesting to investigate further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Gautron
- INRA, BOA, Université de Tours 37380 Nouzilly France
| | - N. Guyot
- INRA, BOA, Université de Tours 37380 Nouzilly France
| | - A. Brionne
- INRA, BOA, Université de Tours 37380 Nouzilly France
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vuong TT, Rønning SB, Ahmed TAE, Brathagen K, Høst V, Hincke MT, Suso HP, Pedersen ME. Processed eggshell membrane powder regulates cellular functions and increase MMP-activity important in early wound healing processes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201975. [PMID: 30080894 PMCID: PMC6078314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian eggshell membrane (ESM) is a natural biomaterial that has been used as an alternative natural bandage to cure wounds, and is available in large quantities from egg industries. We have previously demonstrated that processed eggshell membrane powder (PEP), aiming to be used in a low cost wound healing product, possesses anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we further investigated effects of PEP on MMP activities in vitro (a dermal fibroblast cell culture system) and in vivo (a mouse skin wound healing model). Three days incubation with PEP in cell culture led to rearrangement of the actin-cytoskeleton and vinculin in focal adhesions and increased syndecan-4 shedding. In addition, we observed increased matrix metalloproteinase type 2 (MMP-2) enzyme activation, without effects on protein levels of MMP-2 or its regulators (membrane type 1 (MT1)-MMP and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase type 2 (TIMP-2). Longer incubation (10 days) led to increased protein levels of MMP-2 and its regulators. We also observed an increased alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) production, suggesting an effect of PEP on myofibroblast differentiation. In vivo, using the mouse skin wound healing model, PEP treatment (3 days) increased MMP activity at the wound edges, along with increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein levels, and increased keratinocyte cell proliferation. Altogether, our data suggest PEP stimulates MMP activity, and with a positive effect on early cellular events during wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tamer A. E. Ahmed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | - Maxwell T. Hincke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|