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Lukovac T, Hil OA, Popović M, Jovanović V, Savić T, Pavlović AM, Pavlović D. Serum Biomarker Analysis in Pediatric ADHD: Implications of Homocysteine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Ferritin, and Iron Levels. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:497. [PMID: 38671715 PMCID: PMC11048887 DOI: 10.3390/children11040497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The current diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is based on history, clinical observation, and behavioral tests. There is a high demand to find biomarkers for the diagnosis of ADHD. The aim of this study is to analyze the serum profiles of several biomarkers, including homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin B12, vitamin D, ferritin, and iron, in a cohort of 133 male subjects (6.5-12.5 years), including 67 individuals with an ADHD diagnosis based on DSM-V criteria and 66 age-matched healthy boys (healthy controls, HC). Assessments for ADHD included the Iowa Conners' Teacher Rating Scale (CPRS) and the ADHDT test, as well as cognitive assessments using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and the TROG-2 language comprehension test. Hcy and iron were quantified using spectrophotometry, while vitamin B12 and total 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were determined using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and ferritin was measured using a particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. The results showed significantly increased Hcy levels and decreased vitamin B12 levels in ADHD patients compared to HCs. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that Hcy is a potential prognostic indicator for ADHD. These results suggest that elevated homocysteine and decreased vitamin B12 may serve as markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Lukovac
- Center for Speech and Language Pathology Higia Logos, Mirijevski Bulevar 17 b, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Milka Popović
- Beo-Lab Laboratories, Resavska 58-60, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vitomir Jovanović
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Čika-Ljubina 18-20, 11102 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tatjana Savić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Boulevard, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandra M. Pavlović
- Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Visokog Stevana 2, 11102 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.M.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Dragan Pavlović
- Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Visokog Stevana 2, 11102 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.M.P.); (D.P.)
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Massoodi A, Javadian Koutanaei S, faraz Z, Geraili Z, Zavarmousavi SM. Comparison of serum vitamin D levels between healthy and ADHD children. CASPIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2023; 14:681-686. [PMID: 38024166 PMCID: PMC10646367 DOI: 10.22088/cjim.14.4.681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Background The most common psychiatric disorder in childhood is Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Researchers have studied the effects of micronutrients on ADHD in recent years, but vitamin D (vit D) deficiency has received less attention. In this study, serum vit D levels were compared between healthy and ADHD children. Methods This case-control study was carried out, in 2020, on 6-to-12-years-old children. There were 45 children with ADHD in the case group and 45 healthy children in the control group. Intravenous blood samples were taken from each child to measure serum vitamin D levels. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results Mean serum vit D levels in children with ADHD (17.34±8.37 ng / ml) were significantly lower than those in the control group (23.02±10.97 ng / ml) (P= 0.007). There were no significant differences in mean serum levels of vit D due to ADHD subtypes. Mean serum vit D levels were not significantly associated with the gender of children with ADHD. There was an inverse correlation between vit D levels and the severity of ADHD, but it was not statistically significant. Conclusion The present study showed that children with ADHD had significantly lower serum vit D levels than healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armon Massoodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol Univrsity of Medical Sciences, babol, Iran
| | - Sakineh Javadian Koutanaei
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Shahid Yahyanejiad Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zahra faraz
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zahra Geraili
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol Univrsity of Medical Sciences, babol, Iran
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Rahmani M, Mahvelati A, Farajinia AH, Shahyad S, Khaksarian M, Nooripour R, Hassanvandi S. Comparison of Vitamin D, Neurofeedback, and Neurofeedback Combined with Vitamin D Supplementation in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2022; 25:285-393. [PMID: 35943003 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, some treatments such as neurofeedback and Vitamin D Supplementation are of great importance in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To determine the efficacy of the combined treatment, the present trial was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of each one of them with combined neurofeedback and vitamin D supplementation in the reduction of ADHD symptom in children suffering from this disorder. Methods: In this study from March 2020 to June 2020, we enrolled a total of 120 patients (6-15 years old) who were referred to the Mehr psychiatric hospital (affiliated to Lorestan University of Medical Sciences). Patients were then randomly categorized into three experimental groups and one control group. The first, the second, and the third experimental groups consumed vitamin D pearl, neurofeedback combined with vitamin D, and neurofeedback for 12 weeks, respectively. The control group was given no treatment. Vitamin D serum level was evaluated at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks in all participants. For data collection, the Parent Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV) was applied. The obtained information was analyzed using repeated measure variance analysis. Results: The mean scores were significantly different across the groups. Repeated measure variance analysis showed that the mean score was lower in the combined group in comparison with the other three groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Combined treatment could be considered as more effective compared to separate treatments. In addition, in this study, by applying the combined intervention, the duration of treatment decreased significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rahmani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Azadeh Mahvelati
- Department of Counseling, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Farajinia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanistic Sciences, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorram Abad, Iran
| | - Shima Shahyad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Roghieh Nooripour
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Hassanvandi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanistic Sciences, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorram Abad, Iran
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Maj C, Chiarenza GA, Faraone SV, Miriam C, Gennarelli M, Bonvicini C, Scassellati C. Intermediate lengths of the C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion may synergistically contribute to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in child and his father: case report. Neurocase 2021; 27:138-146. [PMID: 33730968 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2021.1887275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We have summarized the abstract section as follows: "We report a son and his father affected by Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). They belonged to a larger cohort (116 ADHD children, 20 related parents, 77 controls) wholly genotyped forC9ORF72 expansion. Ten ADHD susceptibility genes were further investigated in the family. We revealed that son and father shared an intermediateC9ORF72 expansion and common variants inCDH23, ITGAE and MTRR. Bioinformatics highlighted aC9ORF72-MTRR interaction. This case-report underlines that in relatives with ADHD, carrying variants in ADHD susceptibility genes, the intermediateC9ORF72 repeats might have a potentially pathogenetic synergistic effect, supporting the multifactorial polygenic aetiopathogenetic profile of disease".
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Maj
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Istitute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Stephen V Faraone
- Department of Biomedicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Biomedicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ciani Miriam
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Section of Biology and Genetic, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristian Bonvicini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Catia Scassellati
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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Topak D, Seyithanoğlu M, Doğar F, Karadeniz AA, Tanrıverdi B, Ozan F, Bilal Ö. Are vitamin D and vitamin D receptor levels different in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip? J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:24. [PMID: 33413534 PMCID: PMC7791744 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-02162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common disorder and associated with significant morbidity of the hip joint. Several risk factors have been identified for DDH. The aim of this study is to investigate whether vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR) levels differ in children with DDH and whether they have an effect on DDH development. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 (17 males, 23 females; 9 right hips, 16 left hips, 15 bilateral hips) children who were treated for developmental dysplasia and 40 (23 males, 17 females) healthy children without any musculoskeletal system and metabolic disorders were included in this study between January and June 2019. Blood samples from the DDH and control groups of children were collected to measure the serum levels of vitamin D, VDR, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The levels of Ca, P, and ALP were analyzed using the automated standard spectrophotometric laboratory method. The levels of vitamin D and VDR in the samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the serum levels of Ca, P, ALP, and vitamin D between the DDH and healthy groups (Ca 9.96 ± 0.47 vs. 9.92 ± 0.48 mg/dL, respectively, p = 0.721; P 5.3 ± 0.94 vs. 4.82 ± 0.88 mg/dL, respectively, p = 0.23; ALP 252.22 ± 170.15 vs. 245.3 ± 130.93 U/L, respectively, p = 0.839). However, serum VDR levels were significantly lower in children in the DDH group (5.77 ± 3.51 ng/mL) than in the healthy control group (9.25 ± 6.43 ng/mL) (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we believe that low VDR levels can affect DDH regardless of the serum levels of Ca, P, ALP, and vitamin D. More comprehensive studies involving parents are needed to understand whether VDR levels mediate genetic transmission in DDH or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duran Topak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
| | - Muhammet Seyithanoğlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Fatih Doğar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Ali Aydın Karadeniz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Burak Tanrıverdi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Fırat Ozan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ökkeş Bilal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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Ogbu D, Xia E, Sun J. Gut instincts: vitamin D/vitamin D receptor and microbiome in neurodevelopment disorders. Open Biol 2020; 10:200063. [PMID: 32634371 PMCID: PMC7574554 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome regulates a relationship with the brain known as the gut–microbiota–brain (GMB) axis. This interaction is influenced by immune cells, microbial metabolites and neurotransmitters. Recent findings show gut dysbiosis is prevalent in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as well as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There are previously established negative correlations among vitamin D, vitamin D receptor (VDR) levels and severity of ASD as well as ADHD. Both vitamin D and VDR are known to regulate homeostasis in the brain and the intestinal microbiome. This review summarizes the growing relationship between vitamin D/VDR signalling and the GMB axis in ASD and ADHD. We focus on current publications and summarize the progress of GMB in neurodevelopmental disorders, describe effects and mechanisms of vitamin D/VDR in regulating the microbiome and synoptically highlight the potential applications of targeting vitamin D/VDR signalling in neurodevelopment disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Destiny Ogbu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, IL, USA
| | - Eric Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, IL, USA.,Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, IL, USA.,UIC Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Gan J, Galer P, Ma D, Chen C, Xiong T. The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2019; 29:670-687. [PMID: 31368773 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2019.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted to assess the benefits and harms of vitamin D supplementation for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients. Methods: We followed the standard methodological procedures of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention. PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Science and Conference Proceedings Citation Index-Social Science and Humanities (Web of Science), ClincalTrials.gov, and World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched for RCTs in January 2019. Independently, two authors (J.G., T.X.) extracted data, assessed the risk of bias, combined the data, and graded evidence quality using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Our primary outcomes were assessed through rating scales of ADHD severity. Secondary outcomes measured were the possible adverse effects of vitamin D supplementation and vitamin D status after supplementation for ADHD. Results: We included four RCTs with 256 children addressing vitamin D supplementation as adjunctive therapy to methylphenidate on ADHD symptoms. Vitamin D supplementation demonstrated a small but statistically significant improvement in ADHD total scores, inattention scores, hyperactivity scores, and behavior scores. The improvement was likely limited due to the low to very low quality of evidence in the literature. There was no statistically significant improvement in oppositional scores. Reported adverse events in the vitamin D group were mild and not significantly different from the control group. Vitamin D supplementation increased serum vitamin D levels and the ratio of patients with sufficient vitamin D levels. Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation as adjunctive therapy to methylphenidate appeared to reduce ADHD symptoms without serious adverse events, associated with improved vitamin D status. However, considering the generally low strength of evidence, well-designed RCTs are needed to determine the efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation for both children and adults with ADHD, especially in the setting of a combination of vitamin D and other ADHD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gan
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Peter Galer
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics (DBHI), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.,Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Fasihpour B, Moayeri H, Shariat M, Keihanidoust Z, Effatpanah M, Khedmat L. Vitamin D deficiency in school-age Iranian children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms: A critical comparison with healthy controls. Child Neuropsychol 2019; 26:460-474. [PMID: 31514566 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2019.1665638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The associations between serum vitamin D levels and the severity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms were assessed among Iranian hospitalized children (50 ADHD cases and 50 healthy (non-ADHD) controls) during 2014-2015. Levels of ADHD severity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) were determined by the Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) test and an ELISA kit, respectively. The serum 25OHD concentrations of <10, 10-29, and >30 ng/mL were respectively considered as deficient (severe deficiency), insufficient (mild deficiency), and sufficient levels of vitamin D. The association of nutrient bioavailability with ADHD was evaluated by statistical and regression analyses.There was no significant difference in the mean of socio-demographic variables (e.g., gender, age, weight, BMI, daily intake of dairy products, and daily sunlight exposure) between ADHD and non-ADHD subjects. The mean serum 25OHD concentration (16.57 ± 9.09 ng/mL) was found to be significantly lower in ADHD children with more parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels as compared to controls (22.01 ± 12.67ng/mL). The sufficient 25OHD concentration was more predominant in the controls than the cases (p = 0.002). A severe deficiency of vitamin D was more found in children with ADHD (3.36 times). There was a negative and significant association between the participants' age and their serum 25OHD levels. Although 25OHD levels in boys were significantly more than those in girls, the reduction of serum 25OHD concentration among boys with ADHD was more severe compared to the patient girls(p = 0.014). The results support the importance of vitamins D role in ADHD patients through the regular monitoring of serum 25OHD levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Fasihpour
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heshmat Moayeri
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mamak Shariat
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zarrintaj Keihanidoust
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Effatpanah
- Department of Psychiatry, Ziaeian Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Khedmat
- Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mena-Bravo A, Calderón-Santiago M, Luque de Castro M, Priego-Capote F. Evaluation of short-term storage prior to analysis of vitamin D3 and metabolites in human serum by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 198:344-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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