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Šutić M, Vukić A, Baranašić J, Försti A, Džubur F, Samaržija M, Jakopović M, Brčić L, Knežević J. Diagnostic, Predictive, and Prognostic Biomarkers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Management. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1102. [PMID: 34834454 PMCID: PMC8624402 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite growing efforts for its early detection by screening populations at risk, the majority of lung cancer patients are still diagnosed in an advanced stage. The management of lung cancer has dramatically improved in the last decade and is no longer based on the "one-fits-all" paradigm or the general histological classification of non-small cell versus small cell lung cancer. Emerging options of targeted therapies and immunotherapies have shifted the management of lung cancer to a more personalized treatment approach, significantly influencing the clinical course and outcome of the disease. Molecular biomarkers have emerged as valuable tools in the prognosis and prediction of therapy response. In this review, we discuss the relevant biomarkers used in the clinical management of lung tumors, from diagnosis to prognosis. We also discuss promising new biomarkers, focusing on non-small cell lung cancer as the most abundant type of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šutić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (A.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Ana Vukić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (A.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Jurica Baranašić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (A.V.); (J.B.)
| | - Asta Försti
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Feđa Džubur
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.D.); (M.S.); (M.J.)
- Clinical Department for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Samaržija
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.D.); (M.S.); (M.J.)
- Clinical Department for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Jakopović
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.D.); (M.S.); (M.J.)
- Clinical Department for Respiratory Diseases Jordanovac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Brčić
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Jelena Knežević
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.Š.); (A.V.); (J.B.)
- Faculties for Dental Medicine and Health, University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Chen S, Gao C, Du Q, Tang L, You H, Dong Y. A prognostic model for elderly patients with squamous non-small cell lung cancer: a population-based study. J Transl Med 2020; 18:436. [PMID: 33198777 PMCID: PMC7670679 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a main pathological type of non-small cell lung cancer. It is common among elderly patients with poor prognosis. We aimed to establish an accurate nomogram to predict survival for elderly patients (≥ 60 years old) with SCC based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Methods The gerontal patients diagnosed with SCC from 2010 to 2015 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The independent prognostic factors were identified using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, which were utilized to conduct a nomogram for predicting survival. The novel nomogram was evaluated by Concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, net reclassification improvement (NRI), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI), and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results 32,474 elderly SCC patients were included in the analysis, who were randomly assigned to training cohort (n = 22,732) and validation cohort (n = 9742). The following factors were contained in the final prognostic model: age, sex, race, marital status, tumor site, AJCC stage, surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Compared to AJCC stage, the novel nomogram exhibited better performance: C-index (training group: 0.789 vs. 0.730, validation group: 0.791 vs. 0.733), the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the training set (1-year AUC: 0.846 vs. 0.791, 3-year AUC: 0.860 vs. 0.801, 5-year AUC: 0.859 vs. 0.794) and the validation set (1-year AUC: 0.846 vs. 0.793, 3-year AUC: 0.863 vs. 0.806, 5-year AUC: 0.866 vs. 0.801), and the 1-, 3- and 5-year calibration plots. Additionally, the NRI and IDI and 1-, 3- and 5-year DCA curves all confirmed that the nomogram was a great prognosis tool. Conclusions We constructed a novel nomogram that could be practical and helpful for precise evaluation of elderly SCC patient prognosis, thus helping clinicians in determining the appropriate therapy strategies for individual SCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 of Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunxia Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 of Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 of Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lina Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 of Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haisheng You
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 of Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yalin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 of Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhang R, Zhang F, Sun Z, Liu P, Zhang X, Ye Y, Cai B, Walsh MJ, Ren X, Hao X, Zhang W, Yu J. LINE-1 Retrotransposition Promotes the Development and Progression of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Disrupting the Tumor-Suppressor Gene FGGY. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4453-4465. [PMID: 31289132 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Somatic long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) retrotransposition is a genomic process that relates to gene disruption and tumor occurrence. However, the expression and function of LINE-1 retrotransposition in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remain unclear. We analyzed the transcriptomes of LUSC samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas and observed LINE-1 retrotransposition in 90% of tumor samples. Thirteen LINE-1 retrotranspositions of high occurrence were identified and further validated from an independent Chinese LUSC cohort. Among them, LINE-1-FGGY (L1-FGGY) was identified as the most frequent LINE-1 retrotransposition in the Chinese cohort and significantly correlated with poor clinical outcome. L1-FGGY occurred with smoke-induced hypomethylation of the LINE-1 promoter and contributed to the development of local immune evasion and dysfunctional metabolism. Overexpression of L1-FGGY or knockdown of FGGY promoted cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, facilitated tumorigenesis in vivo, and dysregulated cell energy metabolism and cytokine/chemotaxin transcription. Importantly, specific reverse transcription inhibitors, nevirapine and efavirenz, dramatically countered L1-FGGY abundance, inhibited tumor growth, recovered metabolism dysfunction, and improved the local immune evasion. In conclusion, hypomethylation-induced L1-FGGY expression is a frequent genomic event that promotes the development and progression of LUSC and represents a promising predictive biomarker and therapeutic target in LUSC. SIGNIFICANCE: LINE-1-FGGY is a prognosis predictive biomarker and potential therapeutic target to overcome local immune evasion in lung squamous cell carcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cohort Studies
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Humans
- Lipid Metabolism/genetics
- Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/surgery
- Male
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proteins/genetics
- Smoking/genetics
- Tumor Escape
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Zeguo Sun
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingnan Ye
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Beiqi Cai
- Department of Imaging, Nanjing Bayi Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Martin J Walsh
- Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Genetics and Genomic Sciences and the Mount Sinai Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, Biotherapy Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xishan Hao
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, Biotherapy Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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