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Huang S, He L, Zhao Y, Wei Y, Wang Q, Gao Y, Jiang X. TREM1 + tumor-associated macrophages secrete CCL7 to promote hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:320. [PMID: 38914803 PMCID: PMC11196310 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05831-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and metastasis. Systematic investigation of the cross-talk between TAMs and HCC may help in searching for the critical target to guard against HCC metastasis. METHODS AND RESULTS Herein, we found that TREM1 highly expressed in HCC tissue by analyzing the data obtain from GEO database. Interestingly, the results indicated that TREM1 was primarily expressed by monocytes. Immune infiltration studies further validated that TREM1 expression was positively related with increased infiltration of macrophages in HCC tissues. In vitro, we observed that TREM1 knockdown significantly abrogated the effect of TAMs in promoting the metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCC cells. Additionally, cytokine array detection identified CCL7 as the main responsive cytokine following with TREM1 knockdown in TAMs. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings strongly suggested that high expression of TREM1 was positively associated with metastasis and poor prognosis of HCC. Furthermore, TAMs expressing TREM1 contribute to EMT-based metastasis through secreting CCL7. These results provide a novel insight into the potential development of targeting the TREM1/CCL7 pathway for preventing metastatic HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Liver Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Longguang He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510282, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Guangdong Gaozhou, 525000, China
| | - Yufei Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lab of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yuxuan Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Liver Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Lab of Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Guangzhou, 510282, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
- Liver Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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Chen C, Huang R, Wang N, Zheng Y, Zhou J, Yang B, Wang X, Zhang J, Pan B, Chen Z, Wang S, Wang Z, Xiang S. Fu-Zheng-Yi-Liu Formula inhibits the stem cells and metastasis of prostate cancer via tumor-associated macrophages/C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 pathway in tumor microenvironment. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:501-514. [PMID: 38906598 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60653-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common malignancy among men globally. The Fu-Zheng-Yi-Liu (FZYL) Formula has been widely utilized in the treatment of PCa. This study investigates whether the FZYL Formula can inhibit PCa by targeting the TAMs/CCL5 pathway. We conducted in vitro co-cultures and in vivo co-injections of PCa cells and TAMs to mimic their interaction. Results showed that the FZYL Formula significantly reduced the proliferation, colony formation, subpopulations of PCSCs, and sphere-formation efficacy of PCa cells, even in the presence of TAM co-culture. Additionally, the Formula markedly decreased the migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of PCa cells induced by TAMs. The FZYL Formula also reversed M2 phenotype polarization in TAMs and dose-dependently reduced their CCL5 expression and secretion, with minimal cytotoxicity observed. Mechanistic studies confirmed that the TAMs/CCL5 axis is a critical target of the FZYL Formula, as the addition of exogenous CCL5 partially reversed the formula's inhibitory effects on PCSCs self-renewal in the co-culture system. Importantly, the Formula also significantly inhibited the growth of PCa xenografts, bone metastasis, and PCSCs activity in vivo by targeting the TAMs/CCL5 pathway. Overall, this study not only elucidates the immunomodulatory mechanism of the FZYL Formula in PCa therapy but also highlights the TAMs/CCL5 axis as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiwei Chen
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; The First Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Renlun Huang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Neng Wang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yifeng Zheng
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jianfu Zhou
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Juping Zhang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Bo Pan
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Songtao Xiang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China.
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Wei H, Wu X, Huang L, Long C, Lu Q, Huang Z, Huang Y, Li W, Pu J. LncRNA MEG3 Reduces the Ratio of M2/M1 Macrophages Through the HuR/CCL5 Axis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:543-562. [PMID: 38496248 PMCID: PMC10943271 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s449090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Tumor-associated macrophages play a crucial role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between long coding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), RNA-binding protein human antigen R (HuR), and messenger RNA C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5) in the modulation of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization in HCC. Methods To induce M1 or M2 polarization, LPS/IFNγ- or IL4/IL13 were used to treat bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). The localization of MEG3 in M1 and M2 macrophages was assessed using fluorescence in situ hybridization assay. Expression levels of MEG3, HuR, CCL5, M1, and M2 markers were measured by RT-qPCR or immunofluorescence staining. Flow cytometry was performed to determine the proportion of F4/80+CD206+ and F4/80+CD68+ cells. RNA pulldown assay was performed to detect the binding of lncRNA MEG3 and HuR. The impacts of HuR on CCL5 stability and activity of CCL5 promoter were evaluated using actinomycin D treatment and luciferase reporter assay. Cell migration, invasiveness, and angiogenesis were assessed using transwell migration and invasion assays and a tube formation assay. A mixture of Huh-7 cells and macrophages were injected into nude mice to explore the effect of MEG3 on tumorigenesis. Results MEG3 promoted M1-like polarization while dampening M2-like polarization of BMDMs. MEG3 bound to HuR in M1 and M2 macrophages. HuR downregulated CCL5 by inhibiting CCL5 transcription in macrophages. In addition, overexpression of MEG3 suppressed cell metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis by obstructing macrophage M2 polarization. MEG3 inhibited tumorigenesis in HCC via promotion of M1-like polarization and inhibition of M2-like polarization. Rescue experiments showed that depletion of CCL5 in M2 macrophages reversed MEG3-induced suppressive effect on cell migration, invasion, and tube formation. Conclusion MEG3 suppresses HCC progression by promoting M1-like while inhibiting M2-like macrophage polarization via binding to HuR and thus upregulating CCL5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Wei
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianjian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lizheng Huang
- Graduate College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Long
- Graduate College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Lu
- Graduate College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Graduate College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Graduate College of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenchuan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Pu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
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Shen J, Chen C, Chen Z, Gong P, Lee LS, Schmeusser BN, Zhuang Q, Sun Y, Xue D, He X. CCL5 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of bladder cancer via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Transl Androl Urol 2023; 12:1845-1858. [PMID: 38196701 PMCID: PMC10772649 DOI: 10.21037/tau-23-540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system. There is an urgent need for further studies to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of bladder cancer (BC) progression. It has been observed that C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) and its receptor C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) are expressed abnormally and activated in solid tumors and hematological malignancies, which is gaining increasing attention. However, the underlying mechanism of CCL5 in BC remains unclear. Methods The expression levels of CCL5 were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot. Proliferation analysis of cells was carried out using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The assessment of the migration was conducted using a wound-healing assay. A Matrigel-coated transwell chamber was used to test cell invasiveness. A subcutaneous transplantation tumor model and tail vein injection pulmonary metastasis tumor model were used to evaluate the proliferation and metastasis of BC cell in vivo. Results This study showed that CCL5 promotes proliferative, migratory, and tumor-growing BC cells in vitro and tumor metastasizing BC cells in vivo. Moreover, we found that the tumor-promotive role of CCL5 is dependent on activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Conclusions CCL5 may play an oncogenic role in BC and may also serve as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Pengfeng Gong
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lui Shiong Lee
- Department of Urology, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Qianfeng Zhuang
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Dong Xue
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhou He
- Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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González-Arriagada WA, Coletta RD, Lozano-Burgos C, García C, Maripillán J, Alcayaga-Miranda F, Godínez-Pacheco B, Oyarce-Pezoa S, Martínez-Flores R, García IE. CR5/CCL5 axis is linked to a poor outcome, and inhibition reduces metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:17335-17346. [PMID: 37831273 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The CCR5/CCL5 axis is essential for interactions between malignant cells and microenvironment components, promoting tumor progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study aims to evaluate the association of CCL5 and CCR5 with the behavior of oral cancer and assess the therapeutic potential of a CCR5 antagonist. METHODS A retrospective study to analyze CCR5 and CCL5 expression on paraffin-embedded tissues was performed. In cell lines, rhCCL5 was added to induce CCR5-related pathways, and Maraviroc and shRNA against CCR5 were used to neutralize the receptor. Finally, an in vivo murine orthotopic xenograft model of tongue cancer was used to evaluate Maraviroc as an oncologic therapy. After 15 days, the mice were killed, and the primary tumors and cervical lymph nodes were analyzed. RESULTS The expression of CCR5 was associated with clinical stage and metastasis, and CCL5 was related to overall survival. Adding rhCCL5 induced cell proliferation, while shRNA and Maraviroc reduced it in a dose-dependent manner. Maraviroc treatment also increased apoptosis and modified cytoskeletal organization. In vivo, Maraviroc reduced neck metastasis. CONCLUSIONS The effects of CCR5 antagonists in OSCC have been poorly studied, and this study reports in vitro and in vivo evidence for the effects of Maraviroc in OSCC. Our results suggest that the CCR5/CCL5 axis plays a role in oral cancer behavior, and that its inhibition is a promising new therapy alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo Alejandro González-Arriagada
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Oral Pathology and Graduate Program in Oral Biology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Cynthia García
- PhD Program in Biomedicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Maripillán
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Biofísica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Francisca Alcayaga-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - René Martínez-Flores
- Facultad de Odontología, Unidad de Patología y Medicina Oral, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isaac E García
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Molecular y Biofísica, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Interoperativa en Ciencias Odontológicas y Médicas, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Chen C, Wang S, Wang N, Zheng Y, Zhou J, Hong M, Chen Z, Wang S, Wang Z, Xiang S. Icariin inhibits prostate cancer bone metastasis and destruction via suppressing TAM/CCL5-mediated osteoclastogenesis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155076. [PMID: 37716031 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone metastasis occurs in nearly 70% of patients with metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), and represents the leading cause of death in patients with PCa. Emerging evidence has demonstrated the potential activities of icariin in modulating bone metabolism and remodelling the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, whether icariin could inhibit PCa bone metastasis and destruction by modulating the TME as well as the underlying mechanisms remains unclear. PURPOSE This study investigated whether icariin could inhibit PCa bone metastasis and destruction by modulating the bone TME as well as the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Osteoclasts were induced from mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) or Raw264.7 cells. PCa cells were cultured in the conditional medium (CM) of macrophages in vitro or co-injected with macrophages in vivo to simulate their coexistence in the TME. Multiple molecular biology experiments and the mouse RM1-Luc PCa bone metastasis model were used to explore the inhibitory activity and mechanism of icariin on PCa metastasis and bone destruction. RESULTS Icariin treatment significantly suppressed PCa growth, bone metastasis and destruction as well as osteoclastogenesis in vivo. Furthermore, icariin remarkably inhibited osteoclast differentiation, even in the presence of the CM of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), while exhibiting no obvious effect on osteoblasts. Moreover, icariin suppressed the M2 phenotype polarization of Raw264.7-derived TAMs and transcriptionally attenuated their CC motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) expression and secretion via inhibiting SPI1. Additionally, CCL5 induced the differentiation and chemotaxis of osteoclast precursor cells by binding with its receptor CCR5. The clinicopathological analysis further verified the positive correlation between the TAM/CCL5/CCR5 axis and osteoclastogenesis within the TME of PCa patients. More importantly, icariin remarkably suppressed PCa metastasis-induced bone destruction in vivo by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis via downregulating the TAM/CCL5 pathway. CONCLUSION Altogether, these results not only implicate icariin as a promising candidate immunomodulator for PCa bone metastasis and destruction but also shed novel insight into targeting TAM/CCL5-mediated osteoclastogenesis as a potential treatment strategy for osteolytic bone metastasis. This study helps to advance the understanding of the crosstalk between bone TME and bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiwei Chen
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Neng Wang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifeng Zheng
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfu Zhou
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Hong
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shusheng Wang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Songtao Xiang
- The Research Center of Integrative Cancer Medicine, Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, the Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Yan C, Ma Y, Li J, Chen X, Ma J. Identification of key immune cell-related genes involved in tumorigenesis and prognosis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2254239. [PMID: 37799074 PMCID: PMC10561582 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2254239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The infiltration of immune cells can significantly affect the prognosis and immune therapy of patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). This study aimed to explore key immune cell-related genes in the tumorigenesis and prognosis of CSCC. The module significantly related to immunity was screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and ESTIMATE analysis, followed by correlation analysis with clinical traits. Key candidate genes were intersected with the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network genes for immune-related genes. The relationship between immune cell infiltration and key genes was analyzed. Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) and immunophenoscore (IPS) predicted the response to immunotherapy in CSCC patients. Clinically, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were manipulated for analyzing the changes in mRNA and protein expression of key genes in cancer. Western blot was conducted to assess the correlation between key genes and immune infiltration. The brown module was notably associated with the immune microenvironment of CSCC, from which three immune-related key genes (TYROBP, CCL5, and HLA-DRA) were obtained. High expression of these genes was significantly positively associated with the infiltration abundance of T cells, B cells, and other immune cells. High expression levels of three key genes were confirmed in para-cancer tissue and correlated with the abundance of immune cells. The high-expression group of key genes was more sensitive to immunotherapy. We provide a theoretical basis for searching for potential targets for effective treatment and diagnosis of CSCC and provide new ideas for developing novel immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Yan
- School of Medicine, Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- School of Medicine, Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyan Li
- School of Medicine, Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- School of Medicine, Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiong Ma
- School of Medicine, Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Huang Y, Wu L, Sun Y, Li J, Mao N, Yang Y, Zhao M, Ren S. CCL5 might be a prognostic biomarker and associated with immuno-therapeutic efficacy in cancers: A pan-cancer analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18215. [PMID: 37519664 PMCID: PMC10375802 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), a vital member of the CC chemokine family, plays diverse roles in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and prognosis in various human tumors. However, no pan-cancer analysis has been conducted to illustrate its distinctive effects on clinical prognosis via underlying mechanisms and biological characteristics. Methods Herein, we exploited the existed public bioinformatics database, primarily TCGA database and GTEx data, to comprehensively analyze the value of CCL5 involved in patient prognosis. Results This study found that CCL5 was excessively expressed in most tumors and significantly associated with clinical prognosis in 10 out of 33 types of tumors. Notably, CCL5 might be an independent predictive biomarker of clinical outcome in SKCM patients, confirmed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, we acquired the genetic alteration status of CCL5 in multiple types of tumor tissues from TCGA cohorts. We revealed a potential correlation between the expression level of CCL5 and tumor mutational burden in 33 types of tumors. In addition, data showed that DNA methylation was associated with CCL5 gene expression in THCA, PRAD, LUSC, and BRCA cancers. Immune infiltration and immune checkpoints are fine indexes for evaluating immunotherapy. We uncovered that CCL5 was negatively correlated with the immune infiltration of CD8+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, macrophages, and gamma delta T cells in BRCA-basal and CESC tumors, while a significant positive correlation was observed in BLCA, COAD and other 7 types of tumors. Besides, CCL5 was closely associated with the immune checkpoint molecules in 8 types of tumors. The TIDE score was less in the CCL5 high-expressed group than in the CCL5 low-expressed group in SKCM patients, which indicated that CCL5 might be a fine monitor of immune response for immunotherapy. GO enrichment analysis data uncovered that cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and chemokine signaling might be involved in the role of CCL5 in regulating tumor pathogenesis and prognosis. Conclusion In conclusion, CCL5 was preliminarly identified as a biomarker of immune response and prognosis for tumors patients via our first comprehensive pan-cancer analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Chengdu 610100, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Longquan Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Chengdu 610100, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Longquan Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Jiwen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, Chengdu 610100, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Longquan Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu 610100, China
| | - Nan Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Yeqing Yang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Sichong Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
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9
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Sokolov D, Gorshkova A, Markova K, Milyutina Y, Pyatygina K, Zementova M, Korenevsky A, Mikhailova V, Selkov S. Natural Killer Cell Derived Microvesicles Affect the Function of Trophoblast Cells. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:213. [PMID: 36837716 PMCID: PMC9963951 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of natural killer (NK) and trophoblast cells underlies the formation of immune tolerance in the mother-fetus system and the maintenance of the physiological course of pregnancy. In addition, NK cells affect the function of trophoblast cells, interacting with them via the receptor apparatus and through the production of cytokines. Microvesicles (MVs) derived from NK cells are able to change the function of target cells. However, in the overall pattern of interactions between NK cells and trophoblasts, the possibility that both can transmit signals to each other via MVs has not been taken into account. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of NK cell-derived MVs on the phenotype, proliferation, and migration of trophoblast cells and their expression of intracellular messengers. We carried out assays for the detection of content transferred from MV to trophoblasts. We found that NK cell-derived MVs did not affect the expression of CD54, CD105, CD126, CD130, CD181, CD119, and CD120a receptors in trophoblast cells or lead to the appearance of CD45 and CD56 receptors in the trophoblast membrane. Further, the MVs reduced the proliferation but increased the migration of trophoblasts with no changes to their viability. Incubation of trophoblast cells in the presence of MVs resulted in the activation of STAT3 via pSTAT3(Ser727) but not via pSTAT3(Tyr705). The treatment of trophoblasts with MVs did not result in the phosphorylation of STAT1 and ERK1/2. The obtained data indicate that NK cell-derived MVs influence the function of trophoblast cells, which is accompanied by the activation of STAT3 signaling.
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10
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Sharpe MA, Baskin DS, Johnson RD, Baskin AM. Acquisition of Immune Privilege in GBM Tumors: Role of Prostaglandins and Bile Salts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3198. [PMID: 36834607 PMCID: PMC9958596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the postulate that glioblastoma (GBM) tumors generate anti-inflammatory prostaglandins and bile salts to gain immune privilege, we analyzed 712 tumors in-silico from three GBM transcriptome databases for prostaglandin and bile synthesis/signaling enzyme-transcript markers. A pan-database correlation analysis was performed to identify cell-specific signal generation and downstream effects. The tumors were stratified by their ability to generate prostaglandins, their competency in bile salt synthesis, and the presence of bile acid receptors nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4 (NR1H4) and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1). The survival analysis indicates that tumors capable of prostaglandin and/or bile salt synthesis are linked to poor outcomes. Tumor prostaglandin D2 and F2 syntheses are derived from infiltrating microglia, whereas prostaglandin E2 synthesis is derived from neutrophils. GBMs drive the microglial synthesis of PGD2/F2 by releasing/activating complement system component C3a. GBM expression of sperm-associated heat-shock proteins appears to stimulate neutrophilic PGE2 synthesis. The tumors that generate bile and express high levels of bile receptor NR1H4 have a fetal liver phenotype and a RORC-Treg infiltration signature. The bile-generating tumors that express high levels of GPBAR1 are infiltrated with immunosuppressive microglia/macrophage/myeloid-derived suppressor cells. These findings provide insight into how GBMs generate immune privilege and may explain the failure of checkpoint inhibitor therapy and provide novel targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn A. Sharpe
- Kenneth R. Peak Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David S. Baskin
- Kenneth R. Peak Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ryan D. Johnson
- Kenneth R. Peak Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexandra M. Baskin
- Department of Natural Science, Marine Science, Hawaii Pacific University, Honolulu, HI 96801, USA
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11
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Zhou L, Liu Z, Zheng Z, Yao D, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Aweya JJ. The CCR1 and CCR5 C-C chemokine receptors in Penaeus vannamei are annexed by bacteria to attenuate shrimp survival. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104561. [PMID: 36183838 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The C-C chemokine receptors (CCRs) family is involved in diverse pathophysiological processes in mammals, such as immune regulation and cancer, but their functions in invertebrates remain enigmatic. Here, two CCR homologs in Penaeus vannamei (designated PvCCR1 and PvCCR5) were characterized and found to share sequence homology with other CCRs and contain the conserved 7TM functional domain. Both PvCCR1 and PvCCR5 were constitutively expressed in healthy shrimp tissues, while their mRNA transcript levels were induced in hepatopancreas and hemocytes by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptococcus iniae, and white spot syndrome virus. Notably, shrimp survival increased after knockdown of PvCCR1 and PvCCR5 followed by V. parahaemolyticus infection, indicating that PvCCR1 and PvCCR5 are annexed by the bacteria for their benefit, the absence of which attenuates the effects of the pathogen on shrimp survival. The present data indicate that PvCCR1 and PvCCR5 play key roles in the antimicrobial immune response and therefore vital for shrimp survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhou
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhouyan Liu
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 511458, China; Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China; Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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12
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Johnson CS, Cook LM. Osteoid cell-derived chemokines drive bone-metastatic prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1100585. [PMID: 37025604 PMCID: PMC10070788 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1100585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in improving prostate cancer (PCa) survival is in designing new therapies to effectively target bone metastases. PCa regulation of the bone environment has been well characterized; however, bone-targeted therapies have little impact on patient survival, demonstrating a need for understanding the complexities of the tumor-bone environment. Many factors contribute to creating a favorable microenvironment for prostate tumors in bone, including cell signaling proteins produced by osteoid cells. Specifically, there has been extensive evidence from both past and recent studies that emphasize the importance of chemokine signaling in promoting PCa progression in the bone environment. Chemokine-focused strategies present promising therapeutic options for treating bone metastasis. These signaling pathways are complex, with many being produced by (and exerting effects on) a plethora of different cell types, including stromal and tumor cells of the prostate tumor-bone microenvironment. This review highlights an underappreciated molecular family that should be interrogated for treatment of bone metastatic prostate cancer (BM-PCa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S. Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Leah M. Cook
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Leah M. Cook,
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13
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TREM2 as an independent predictor of poor prognosis promotes the migration via the PI3K/AKT axis in prostate cancer. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:779-798. [PMID: 36915769 PMCID: PMC10006782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is one of the most common cancers, with high morbidity and mortality. Triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is upregulated in various malignancies, however its effect on PRAD remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of TREM2 in PRAD. METHODS PRAD samples were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Oncomine, and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) to analyze the differences in TREM2 expression between normal and tumor tissues. The influence of TREM2 on the clinicopathological characteristics and its prognostic value were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier curve, Cox regression analysis, ROC (receiver operating characteristic) plot, and nomogram. Gene Ontology (GO), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) were conducted to screen biological functions and pathways. The relationship between TREM2 and tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics was explored. The TREM2 expression in PRAD specimens and cell lines was assessed by immunohistochemistry staining and western blot. TREM2-specific siRNAs were used to evaluate the effects of TREM2 on cell function. RESULTS TREM2 was upregulated and positively associated with poor clinicopathologic characteristics. Overexpression of TREM2 is an independent biomarker for the prognosis of PFI (progression-free interval). Moreover, TREM2 expression was positively correlated with various TME characteristics. Knockdown of TREM2 inhibited the migration of PRAD cell lines via the PI3K/AKT axis. CONCLUSION High TREM2 expression may represent a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and serve as a potential target gene for PRAD therapy.
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14
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Tsioufis P, Theofilis P, Tsioufis K, Tousoulis D. The Impact of Cytokines in Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque: Current Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415937. [PMID: 36555579 PMCID: PMC9788180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic pathological process that involves inflammation together with endothelial dysfunction and lipoprotein dysregulation. Experimental studies during the past decades have established the role of inflammatory cytokines in coronary artery disease, namely interleukins (ILs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon-γ, and chemokines. Moreover, their value as biomarkers in disease development and progression further enhance the validity of this interaction. Recently, cytokine-targeted treatment approaches have emerged as potential tools in the management of atherosclerotic disease. IL-1β, based on the results of the CANTOS trial, remains the most validated option in reducing the residual cardiovascular risk. Along the same line, colchicine was also proven efficacious in preventing major adverse cardiovascular events in large clinical trials of patients with acute and chronic coronary syndrome. Other commercially available agents targeting IL-6 (tocilizumab), TNF-α (etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab), or IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) have mostly been assessed in the setting of other inflammatory diseases and further testing in atherosclerosis is required. In the future, potential targeting of the NLRP3 inflammasome, anti-inflammatory IL-10, or atherogenic chemokines could represent appealing options, provided that patient safety is proven to be of no concern.
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15
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Mughees M, Kaushal JB, Sharma G, Wajid S, Batra SK, Siddiqui JA. Chemokines and cytokines: Axis and allies in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:497-512. [PMID: 35181473 PMCID: PMC9793433 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are recognized as the major contributor to various tumorigenesis, tumor heterogeneity, and failures of current cancer therapies. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is enriched with chemokines and cytokines and plays a pivotal role in cancer progression. Chronic inflammation is also considered an instructive process of cancer progression, where chemokines are spatiotemporally secreted by malignant cells and leukocyte subtypes that initiate cell trafficking into the TME. In various cancers, prostate cancer (PCa) is reported as one of the leading cancers in the worldwide male population. The chemokines-mediated signaling pathways are intensively involved in PCa progression and metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests that chemokines and cytokines are responsible for the pleiotropic actions in cancer, including the growth, angiogenesis, endothelial mesenchymal transition, leukocyte infiltration, and hormone escape for advanced PCa and therapy resistance. Chemokine's system and immune cells represent a promising target to suppress tumorigenic environments and serve as potential therapy/immunotherapy for the PCa. In this review, an attempt has been made to shed light on the alteration of chemokine and cytokine profiles during PCa progression and metastasis. We also discussed the recent findings of the diverse molecular signaling of these circulating chemokines and their corresponding receptors that could become future targets for therapeutic management of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mughees
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA(1)
| | - Jyoti Bala Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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16
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Zhang L, Emu Q, Zhang H, Wang L, Wei Y, Wang H, Xiang Y. Goat CCL5 promotes cell viability and inflammatory factors production in lung fibroblasts and macrophages. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 259:109389. [PMID: 35659595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory chemokine CCL5 can mediate the occurrence of inflammatory reactions and participate in various disease processes. (Ch)CCL5 gene of Jintang black goat (Capra hircus, C. hircus) was cloned. The CDS (coding sequences) was 276 bp in length and encoded 91 amino acids. The 26.5 kDa recombinant protein was expressed by Escherichia coli system and purified by Ni-Agarose. The viabilities of primary goat lung fibroblasts could be enhanced after treating with ChCCL5 protein (12.5, 25, 50 μg/mL) (P < 0.05). The expression levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and heat-shock proteins (Hsp70) genes were upregulated after treating with ChCCL5 protein (12.5, 25, 50 μg/mL). Besides, the viabilities and phagocytic abilities of primary mouse peritoneal macrophages could be enhanced after treating with ChCCL5 protein (12.5, 25, 50 μg/mL) (P < 0.05). The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs) and TNF-α genes were upregulated after treating with ChCCL5 protein (12.5, 25, 50 μg/mL) (P < 0.05). These results indicated that goat CCL5 might play a role in the inflammatory response by regulating the inflammatory cytokines produced by lung fibroblasts and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Quzhe Emu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Science Academy of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yong Wei
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Animal Science Academy of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Haipeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
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17
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Goswami S, Sarkar C, Singh S, Singh AP, Chakroborty D. Racial differences in prostate tumor microenvironment: implications for disparate clinical outcomes and potential opportunities. CANCER HEALTH DISPARITIES 2022; 6:214. [PMID: 36777283 PMCID: PMC9910060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Disparities in cancer incidence and outcome are common among the racial and ethnical minorities in the United States and are of significant social and clinical concern. Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous malignancy in American men and exhibits substantial racial disparities with African American men bearing the highest burden in terms of incidence and mortality. A multitude of factors, including socioeconomic, behavioral, and access to healthcare, have been implicated as the underlying causes of such disparities. More recent data also suggest that there are inherent molecular and biological differences in prostate tumors of patients having distinct racial backgrounds. Tumor microenvironment has tremendous impact on the course of cancer progression and clinical outcome and may also contribute to the racial disparities observed in prostate cancer. Therefore, a better understanding of critical differences in the tumor microenvironment components may provide newer directions to study the biological causes of prostate cancer health disparities and may identify novel therapeutic targets. This review discusses the findings related to the tumor microenvironment differences between African American and Caucasian American prostate cancer patients and makes suggestion regarding their potential significance in prostate cancer disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Goswami
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Chandrani Sarkar
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Debanjan Chakroborty
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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18
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Zeng Z, Lan T, Wei Y, Wei X. CCL5/CCR5 axis in human diseases and related treatments. Genes Dis 2022; 9:12-27. [PMID: 34514075 PMCID: PMC8423937 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To defense harmful stimuli or maintain the immune homeostasis, the body produces and recruits a superfamily of cytokines such as interleukins, interferons, chemokines etc. Among them, chemokines act as crucial regulators in defense systems. CCL5/CCR5 combination is known for facilitating inflammatory responses, as well as inducing the adhesion and migration of different T cell subsets in immune responses. In addition, recent studies have shown that the interaction between CCL5 and CCR5 is involved in various pathological processes including inflammation, chronic diseases, cancers as well as the infection of COVID-19. This review focuses on how CCL5/CCR5 axis participates in the pathological processes of different diseases and their relevant signaling pathways for the regulation of the axis. Moreover, we highlighted the gene therapy and chemotherapy studies for treating CCR5-related diseases, including the ongoing clinical trials. The barriers and perspectives for future application and translational research were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Tianxia Lan
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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19
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Karin N. Chemokines in the Landscape of Cancer Immunotherapy: How They and Their Receptors Can Be Used to Turn Cold Tumors into Hot Ones? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6317. [PMID: 34944943 PMCID: PMC8699256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, monoclonal antibodies to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), also known as immune checkpoint blockers (ICB), have been the most successful approach for cancer therapy. Starting with mAb to cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors in metastatic melanoma and continuing with blockers of the interactions between program cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand program cell death ligand 1 (PDL-1) or program cell death ligand 2 (PDL-2), that have been approved for about 20 different indications. Yet for many cancers, ICI shows limited success. Several lines of evidence imply that the limited success in cancer immunotherapy is associated with attempts to treat patients with "cold tumors" that either lack effector T cells, or in which these cells are markedly suppressed by regulatory T cells (Tregs). Chemokines are a well-defined group of proteins that were so named due to their chemotactic properties. The current review focuses on key chemokines that not only attract leukocytes but also shape their biological properties. CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor with 3 ligands. We suggest using Ig-based fusion proteins of two of them: CXL9 and CXCL10, to enhance anti-tumor immunity and perhaps transform cold tumors into hot tumors. Potential differences between CXCL9 and CXCL10 regarding ICI are discussed. We also discuss the possibility of targeting the function or deleting a key subset of Tregs that are CCR8+ by monoclonal antibodies to CCR8. These cells are preferentially abundant in several tumors and are likely to be the key drivers in suppressing anti-cancer immune reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Karin
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 31096, Israel
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20
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Chen YF, Shao GC, Li J, Yang AQ, Li J, Ye XS. O-GlcNAcylation of Blimp-1 in lymphocytes inhibits its transcriptional function and is associated with migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 20:650-660. [PMID: 34907035 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte infiltration is an important feature of cancer. There is a complex network of chemokines that influence the degree and phenotype of lymphocyte infiltration, as well as the growth, survival, migration and angiogenesis of tumor cells. High heterogeneity metastasis is a major obstacle to the treatment of breast cancer. Herein, we showed that O-GlcNAcylation of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) in lymphocytes inhibited the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. It was found that Blimp-1 O-GlcNAcylation at Ser448 and Ser472 in lymphocytes promoted its nuclear localization, and blocked the bindings to three regions upstream of the ccl3l1 promoter to inhibit its expression. Decreased expression of CCL3L1 in lymphocytes not only decreased CCR5 expression in breast cancer cells, but also inhibited the membrane localization and activation of CCR5, thus blocking the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro. Therefore, O-GlcNAcylation of Blimp-1 in lymphocytes may serve as a new target for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Implications: This study reveals a new mechanism by which the lymphatic system promotes breast cancer cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,, Peking University
| | | | - Jie Li
- Capital Normal University
| | | | | | - Xin-Shan Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University
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21
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Giblin MJ, Smith TE, Winkler G, Pendergrass HA, Kim MJ, Capozzi ME, Yang R, McCollum GW, Penn JS. Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) regulation of IL-1β-induced retinal vascular inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166238. [PMID: 34343639 PMCID: PMC8565496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade retinal inflammation is an essential contributor to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). It is characterized by increased retinal cell expression and secretion of a variety of inflammatory cytokines; among these, IL-1β has the reputation of being a major driver of cytokine-induced inflammation. IL-1β and other cytokines drive inflammatory changes that cause damage to retinal cells, leading to the hallmark vascular lesions of DR; these include increased leukocyte adherence, vascular permeability, and capillary cell death. Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) is a transcriptional regulator of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules and is expressed in retinal cells. Consequently, it may influence multiple pathogenic steps early in DR. We investigated the NFAT-dependency of IL-1β-induced inflammation in human Müller cells (hMC) and human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMEC). Our results show that an NFAT inhibitor, Inhibitor of NFAT-Calcineurin Association-6 (INCA-6), decreased IL-1β-induced expression of IL-1β and TNFα in hMC, while having no effect on VEGF, CCL2, or CCL5 expression. We also demonstrate that INCA-6 attenuated IL-1β-induced increases of IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, CCL2, and CCL5 (inflammatory cytokines and chemokines), and ICAM-1 and E-selectin (leukocyte adhesion molecules) expression in hRMEC. INCA-6 similarly inhibited IL-1β-induced increases in leukocyte adhesion in both hRMEC monolayers in vitro and an acute model of retinal inflammation in vivo. Finally, INCA-6 rescued IL-1β-induced permeability in both hRMEC monolayers in vitro and an acute model of retinal inflammation in vivo. Taken together, these data demonstrate the potential of NFAT inhibition to mitigate retinal inflammation secondary to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith J Giblin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, United States of America.
| | - Taylor E Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Garrett Winkler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Hannah A Pendergrass
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Minjae J Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Megan E Capozzi
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, United States of America
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Gary W McCollum
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States of America
| | - John S Penn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, United States of America; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States of America
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22
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On the Role of Paraoxonase-1 and Chemokine Ligand 2 (C-C motif) in Metabolic Alterations Linked to Inflammation and Disease. A 2021 Update. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070971. [PMID: 34356595 PMCID: PMC8301931 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious and many non-infectious diseases share common molecular mechanisms. Among them, oxidative stress and the subsequent inflammatory reaction are of particular note. Metabolic disorders induced by external agents, be they bacterial or viral pathogens, excessive calorie intake, poor-quality nutrients, or environmental factors produce an imbalance between the production of free radicals and endogenous antioxidant systems; the consequence being the oxidation of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Oxidation and inflammation are closely related, and whether oxidative stress and inflammation represent the causes or consequences of cellular pathology, both produce metabolic alterations that influence the pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we highlight two key molecules in the regulation of these processes: Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2). PON1 is an enzyme bound to high-density lipoproteins. It breaks down lipid peroxides in lipoproteins and cells, participates in the protection conferred by HDL against different infectious agents, and is considered part of the innate immune system. With PON1 deficiency, CCL2 production increases, inducing migration and infiltration of immune cells in target tissues and disturbing normal metabolic function. This disruption involves pathways controlling cellular homeostasis as well as metabolically-driven chronic inflammatory states. Hence, an understanding of these relationships would help improve treatments and, as well, identify new therapeutic targets.
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23
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Ju G, Zhu Y, Du T, Cao W, Lin J, Li C, Xu D, Wang Z. MiR-197 Inhibitor Loaded AbCD133@MSNs@GNR Affects the Development of Prostate Cancer Through Targeting ITGAV. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:646884. [PMID: 34195187 PMCID: PMC8238009 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.646884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most severe male malignant tumors, which ranks second in mortality rate among all tumors. Traditional methods of treatment for prostate cancer produce obvious side effects and a high recurrence rate. Cancer stem cells are considered to be a group of cells that determine the proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance of tumor. Prostate cancer therapy based on microRNAs and prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) has been a research hot spot in this field. Previous studies have reported that miR-197 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer, but the molecular mechanism of miR-197 on the development of prostate cancer has not been reported yet. In this study, we verified that miR-197 is significantly overexpressed in prostate cancer tissues and prostate cancer cells. Then, we verified that miR-197 expression affects the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of prostate cancer cells by regulating integrin subunit alpha V (ITGAV) expression through STAT5 pathway, and the results indicated that the miR-197 inhibitor can be a prostate cancer suppressor. Then we synthesized the AbCD133@GNR@MSNs@miR-197 inhibitor drug carrier, in which 35.42 μg of the miR-197 inhibitor could be loaded in 1 mg of AbCD133@GNR@MSNs. The AbCD133@GNR@MSNs@miR-197 inhibitor demonstrated good photothermal properties and photothermal controlled-release properties. The modified CD133 antibodies on the surface of the nano drug carrier helped more drug carriers to enter the PCSCs. The pharmacodynamic effects of the AbCD133@GNR@MSNs@miR-197 inhibitor on PCSCs in vivo and in vitro were studied under near-infrared radiation. The results showed that the AbCD133@GNR@MSNs@miR-197 inhibitor prepared in this study could not only significantly suppress the development of PCSCs through ITGAV/STAT5 pathway but also significantly suppress the growth of PCSC solid tumors. In short, our study verified that miR-197 regulates the development of PCSCs through STAT5 pathway by targeting ITGAV, and the AbCD133@MSNs@GNR@miR-197 inhibitor could be a potential suppressor used in prostate cancer treatment. In short, our study found that miR-197 affected the development of prostate cancer by regulating ITGAV. The AbCD133@GNR@MSNs@miR-197 inhibitor prepared in this study could suppress the development and growth of PCSCs in vitro and in solid tumors not only by targeting the ITGAV but also through photothermal therapy. Our study not only provides a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of prostate cancer but also provides a research scheme of drug loading and microRNA-based photothermal controlled therapy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Ju
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjian Zhu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Jiangqiao Hospital, Shanghai General Hospital Jiading Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Du
- Department of Urology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wanli Cao
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhai Lin
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Genomic and Molecular Diagnosis of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongliang Xu
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Urology Centre, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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