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Pasquau J, de Jesus SE, Arazo P, Crusells MJ, Ríos MJ, Lozano F, de la Torre J, Galindo MJ, Carmena J, Santos J, Tornero C, Verdejo G, Samperiz G, Palacios Z, Hidalgo-Tenorio C. Effectiveness and safety of dual therapy with rilpivirine and boosted darunavir in treatment-experienced patients with advanced HIV infection: a preliminary 24 week analysis (RIDAR study). BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:207. [PMID: 30819101 PMCID: PMC6396540 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of dual therapy with rilpivirine plus boosted-darunavir (RPV + bDRV) in real-life patients. Methods Observational, retrospective, multi-center study in HIV+ patients who had received RPV + bDRV for 24 weeks to optimize/simplify their previous antiretroviral treatment. We determined the percentage of patients without virologic failure (2 consecutive viral loads > 50 copies/mL) at 24 weeks of treatment. Results The study included 161 patients from 15 hospitals with median age of 49 years; 29.3% had previous AIDS stage and median CD4+ lymphocyte nadir of 170 cells/uL. They had been diagnosed with HIV for a median of 17 years and had received 14 years of ART, with five previous treatment combinations, and 36.6% had a history of virological failure. The reasons for the switch were simplification/optimization (49.7%), toxicity/intolerance (17.4%), or inadequate effectiveness of previous ART (10.6%). Baseline VL of 50–1000 copies/mL was recorded in 25.5% of the patients. In the“intention-to-treat” analysis at 24 weeks, 87.6% of 161 patients continued the study treatment without virologic failure criteria. In the “on treatment” analysis (excluding patients who discontinued treatment with dual therapy for any reason other than virologic failure) the efficacy was 94.6% (141/149 patients). Conclusions Dual therapy with RPV + DRVb proved to be effective and safe in patients with advanced HIV infection, long exposure to ART, low CD4 nadir, previous virologic failure, and/or history of ineffective ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pasquau
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge Carmena
- Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
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Pasquau J, Hidalgo-Tenorio C, Montes ML, Romero-Palacios A, Vergas J, Sanjoaquín I, Hernández-Quero J, Aguirrebengoa K, Orihuela F, Imaz A, Ríos-Villegas MJ, Flores J, Fariñas MC, Vázquez P, Galindo MJ, García-Mercé I, Lozano F, de los Santos I, de Jesus SE, García-Vallecillos C. High quality of life, treatment tolerability, safety and efficacy in HIV patients switching from triple therapy to lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy: A randomized clinical trial. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195068. [PMID: 29649309 PMCID: PMC5896909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Trial design The QoLKAMON study evaluated quality of life, efficacy and treatment safety in HIV patients receiving lopinavir/ritonavir in monotherapy (MT) versus continuing combined antiretroviral triple treatment with a boosted protease inhibitor (TT). Methods This was a 24-week, open-label, multicentre study in virologically-suppressed HIV-infected participants (N = 225) with a 2:1 randomization: 146 patients who switched to MT were compared with 79 patients who remained on a TT regimen. The primary endpoint was change in patient-reported outcomes in quality of life as measured by the MOS-HIV and EQ-5D questionnaires. Secondary endpoints included treatment adherence, patient satisfaction, incidence of adverse events and differences in plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) and CD4 cell counts. Results Baseline quality of life, measured with the MOS-HIV score, was very good (overall score of 83 ± 10.5 in the MT arm and 82.3 ± 11.3 in the TT arm) and suffered no change during the study in any of the arms (at week 24, 83.5 ± 12.2 in MT arm and 81.9 ± 12.7 in TT arm), without statistically significant differences when compared. In regards to adherence to therapy and patient satisfaction, some aspects (number of doses forgotten in the last week and satisfaction of treatment measured with the CESTA score, dimension 1) improved significantly with MT. There were also no differences in the incidence and severity of adverse events, even though 22.8% of those in the MT arm switched their treatment when they were included in the study. Moreover, there was also no significant difference between the immunological and virological evolution of MT and TT. In the MT arm, the VL was always undetectable in 83% of patients (vs 90.7% in the TT arm) and there were only 6.7% of virological failures with VL > 50 copies/mL (vs 2.3% in the TT arm), without resistance mutations and with resuppression of VL after switching back to TT. Conclusions In a new clinical trial, monotherapy as a treatment simplification strategy in HIV-1 infected patients with sustained viral suppression has demonstrated quality of life, safety and efficacy profiles comparable to those of conventional triple therapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pasquau
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Infectious Diseases, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | | | - María Luisa Montes
- Hospital Universitario de La Paz, Internal Medicine HIV Unit, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Vergas
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Infectious Diseases, Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Sanjoaquín
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Infectious Diseases, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco Orihuela
- Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Infectious Diseases, Málaga, Spain
| | - Arkaitz Imaz
- Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Infectious Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Ríos-Villegas
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Flores
- Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Infectious Diseases, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Carmen Fariñas
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Infectious Diseases, Santander, Spain
| | - Pilar Vázquez
- Hospital Universitario Juan Canalejo, Infectious Diseases, La Coruña, Spain
| | - María José Galindo
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Infectious Diseases, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Lozano
- Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Valme, Infectious Diseases, Seville, Spain
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Gutierrez‐Valencia A, Trujillo‐Rodriguez M, Fernandez‐Magdaleno T, Espinosa N, Viciana P, López‐Cortés LF. Darunavir/cobicistat showing similar effectiveness as darunavir/ritonavir monotherapy despite lower trough concentrations. J Int AIDS Soc 2018; 21:e25072. [PMID: 29430854 PMCID: PMC5808101 DOI: 10.1002/jia2.25072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION When darunavir (DRV) 800 mg is boosted with 150 mg cobicistat (DRVcobi ), DRV trough concentration (Ctrough ) is about 30% lower as compared to 100 mg ritonavir (DRVrtv ). DRVcobi shows similar virological efficacy as DRVrtv when combined with two nucleos(t)ide analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors, but it is unknown whether a lower DRV Ctrough would undermine the effectiveness of DRVcobi when given as monotherapy (mtDRVcobi ). METHODS Prospective observational study on virologically suppressed HIV-infected subjects who switched to mtDRVcobi . Virological failure was defined as two consecutive HIV-RNA >200 copies/mL. Efficacy was evaluated by intention-to-treat (ITT) and on-treatment (OT) analyses, and compared with data from a previous cohort of subjects on mtDRVrtv conducted at our centre. Plasma DRV Ctrough was measured using LC-MS/MS. RESULTS A total of 234 subjects were enrolled. At week 96, the efficacy rates were 67.8% (CI95 , 61.8 to 73.7) by ITT and 86.9% (CI95 , 78.0 to 87.7) by OT analyses. The corresponding rates in our historical DRVrtv controls were 67.6% (CI95 , 60.0 to 75.2) and 83.6% (CI95 : 77.2 to 90.0). A total of 135 DRV determinations were performed in 83 subjects throughout the follow-up period, with a median plasma DRV Ctrough of 1305 ng/mL (range, 150 to 5895) compared with 1710 ng/mL (range, 200 to 3838) in subjects on monotherapy with DRVrtv (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS DRV Ctrough was lower in HIV-infected subjects receiving DRVcobi than with DRVrtv . However, this did not appear to influence the efficacy of DRVcobi , when administered as monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Gutierrez‐Valencia
- Enfermedades InfecciosasMicrobiología y Medicina PreventivaInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Maria Trujillo‐Rodriguez
- Enfermedades InfecciosasMicrobiología y Medicina PreventivaInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Tamara Fernandez‐Magdaleno
- Enfermedades InfecciosasMicrobiología y Medicina PreventivaInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Nuria Espinosa
- Enfermedades InfecciosasMicrobiología y Medicina PreventivaInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Pompeyo Viciana
- Enfermedades InfecciosasMicrobiología y Medicina PreventivaInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Luis F López‐Cortés
- Enfermedades InfecciosasMicrobiología y Medicina PreventivaInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
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Ribera E, Martínez-Sesmero JM, Sánchez-Rubio J, Rubio R, Pasquau J, Poveda JL, Pérez-Mitru A, Roldán C, Hernández-Novoa B. Economic impact of optimising antiretroviral treatment in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults with suppressed viral load in Spain, by implementing the grade A-1 evidence recommendations of the 2015 GESIDA/National AIDS Plan. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2017; 36:157-164. [PMID: 28109551 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study is to estimate the economic impact associated with the optimisation of triple antiretroviral treatment (ART) in patients with undetectable viral load according to the recommendations from the GeSIDA/PNS (2015) Consensus and their applicability in the Spanish clinical practice. METHODS A pharmacoeconomic model was developed based on data from a National Hospital Prescription Survey on ART (2014) and the A-I evidence recommendations for the optimisation of ART from the GeSIDA/PNS (2015) consensus. The optimisation model took into account the willingness to optimise a particular regimen and other assumptions, and the results were validated by an expert panel in HIV infection (Infectious Disease Specialists and Hospital Pharmacists). The analysis was conducted from the NHS perspective, considering the annual wholesale price and accounting for deductions stated in the RD-Law 8/2010 and the VAT. RESULTS The expert panel selected six optimisation strategies, and estimated that 10,863 (13.4%) of the 80,859 patients in Spain currently on triple ART, would be candidates to optimise their ART, leading to savings of €15.9M/year (2.4% of total triple ART drug cost). The most feasible strategies (>40% of patients candidates for optimisation, n=4,556) would be optimisations to ATV/r+3TC therapy. These would produce savings between €653 and €4,797 per patient per year depending on baseline triple ART. CONCLUSION Implementation of the main optimisation strategies recommended in the GeSIDA/PNS (2015) Consensus into Spanish clinical practice would lead to considerable savings, especially those based in dual therapy with ATV/r+3TC, thus contributing to the control of pharmaceutical expenditure and NHS sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Ribera
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España.
| | | | | | - Rafael Rubio
- Unidad de Infección VIH, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
| | - Juan Pasquau
- Sección de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España
| | - José Luis Poveda
- Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | | | - Celia Roldán
- Departamento Médico, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Madrid, España
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Evaluating the impact of immigration policies on health status among undocumented immigrants: a systematic review. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 17:947-70. [PMID: 24375382 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-013-9968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, new anti-immigration policies and laws have emerged to address the migration of undocumented immigrants. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to assess and understand how these immigration policies and laws may affect both access to health services and health outcomes among undocumented immigrants. Eight databases were used to conduct this review, which returned 325 papers that were assessed for validity based on specified inclusion criteria. Forty critically appraised articles were selected for analysis; thirty articles related to access to health services, and ten related to health outcomes. The articles showed a direct relationship between anti-immigration policies and their effects on access to health services. In addition, as a result of these policies, undocumented immigrants were impacted by mental health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Action items were presented, including the promotion of cultural diversity training and the development of innovative strategies to support safety-net health care facilities serving vulnerable populations.
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López-Cortés LF, Castaño MA, López-Ruz MA, Rios-Villegas MJ, Hernández-Quero J, Merino D, Jiménez-Aguilar P, Marquez-Solero M, Terrón-Pernía A, Tellez-Pérez F, Viciana P, Orihuela-Cañadas F, Palacios-Baena Z, Vinuesa-Garcia D, Fajardo-Pico JM, Romero-Palacios A, Ojeda-Burgos G, Pasquau-Liaño J. Effectiveness of Ritonavir-Boosted Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy in Clinical Practice Even with Previous Virological Failures to Protease Inhibitor-Based Regimens. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148924. [PMID: 26872331 PMCID: PMC4752289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Significant controversy still exists about ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor monotherapy (mtPI/rtv) as a simplification strategy that is used up to now to treat patients that have not experienced previous virological failure (VF) while on protease inhibitor (PI) -based regimens. We have evaluated the effectiveness of two mtPI/rtv regimens in an actual clinical practice setting, including patients that had experienced previous VF with PI-based regimens. METHODS This retrospective study analyzed 1060 HIV-infected patients with undetectable viremia that were switched to lopinavir/ritonavir or darunavir/ritonavir monotherapy. In cases in which the patient had previously experienced VF while on a PI-based regimen, the lack of major HIV protease resistance mutations to lopinavir or darunavir, respectively, was mandatory. The primary endpoint of this study was the percentage of participants with virological suppression after 96 weeks according to intention-to-treat analysis (non-complete/missing = failure). RESULTS A total of 1060 patients were analyzed, including 205 with previous VF while on PI-based regimens, 90 of whom were on complex therapies due to extensive resistance. The rates of treatment effectiveness (intention-to-treat analysis) and virological efficacy (on-treatment analysis) at week 96 were 79.3% (CI95, 76.8-81.8) and 91.5% (CI95, 89.6-93.4), respectively. No relationships were found between VF and earlier VF while on PI-based regimens, the presence of major or minor protease resistance mutations, the previous time on viral suppression, CD4+ T-cell nadir, and HCV-coinfection. Genotypic resistance tests were available in 49 out of the 74 patients with VFs and only four patients presented new major protease resistance mutations. CONCLUSION Switching to mtPI/rtv achieves sustained virological control in most patients, even in those with previous VF on PI-based regimens as long as no major resistance mutations are present for the administered drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. López-Cortés
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pompeyo Viciana
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Potential for simplification of HIV treatment with boosted protease inhibitor monotherapy. Int J Clin Pharm 2012; 34:911-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11096-012-9692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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