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Cheng ETW, Au CT, Chan RNC, Chan JWY, Chan NY, Wing YK, Li AM, Lam E, Chan KC. Ferritin is a potential marker of cardiometabolic risk in adolescents and young adults with sleep-disordered breathing. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 5:zpae048. [PMID: 39161746 PMCID: PMC11331151 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Objective To explore markers that reflect sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) severity and investigate their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents and young adults. Methods Participants were recruited from our SDB epidemiological cohort. They underwent overnight polysomnography and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Complete blood count, ferritin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile were measured. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the association between red cell indices (RCIs), ferritin, and obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI). Subgroup analyses on participants with SDB were performed for the association of RCIs and ferritin with lipid profile, hs-CRP, and BP. Results There were 88 participants with SDB and 155 healthy controls aged 16-25 years. Hemoglobin (Hb; p < .001), hematocrit (HCT; p < .001), and ferritin (p < .001) were elevated with increasing SDB severity and were independently associated with OAHI (β=1.06, p < .001; β=40.2, p < .001; β=4.89 × 10-3, p = .024, respectively). In participants with SDB, after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI, significant associations were found between ferritin with low-density lipoprotein (LDL; β=0.936 × 10-3, p = .008) and triglyceride (TG; β =1.08 × 10-3, p < .001), as well as between Hb (β=1.40, p = .007), HCT (β=51.5, p = .010) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Ferritin (β=0.091, p = .002), Hb (β=0.975, p = .005), and HCT (β=38.8, p = .004) were associated with hs-CRP independent of age, sex, BMI, plasma LDL, and MAP. OAHI was not associated with LDL and TG in the multivariable models. Conclusions Serum ferritin, but not OAHI, was associated with LDL and TG in participants with SDB, suggesting it is a potential marker of cardiometabolic risk in patients with SDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther T W Cheng
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun T Au
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raymond N C Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joey W Y Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ngan Y Chan
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yun K Wing
- Li Chiu Kong Family Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Albert M Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ethan Lam
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kate C Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory for Paediatric Respiratory Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Dias-Carvalho A, Ferreira M, Reis-Mendes A, Ferreira R, de Lourdes Bastos M, Fernandes E, Sá SI, Capela JP, Carvalho F, Costa VM. Doxorubicin-induced neurotoxicity differently affects the hippocampal formation subregions in adult mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31608. [PMID: 38868005 PMCID: PMC11168325 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline used to treat a wide range of tumours. Despite its effectiveness, it is associated with a long range of adverse effects, of which cognitive deficits stand out. The present study aimed to assess the neurologic adverse outcome pathways of two clinically relevant cumulative doses of DOX. Adult male CD-1 mice received biweekly intraperitoneal administrations for 3 weeks until reaching cumulative doses of 9 mg/kg (DOX9) or 18 mg/kg (DOX18). Animals were euthanized one week after the last administration, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and brain metabolism were evaluated in the whole brain. Coronal sections of fixed brains were used for specific determinations of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampal formation (HF). In the whole brain, DOX18 tended to disrupt the antioxidant defences, affecting glutathione levels and manganese superoxide dismutase expression. Considering the regional analysis, DOX18 increased the volume of all brain areas evaluated, while GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes decreased in the dentate gyrus (DG) and increased in the CA3 region of HF, both in a dose-dependent manner. Concerning the apoptosis pathway, whereas Bax increased in the DOX9 group, it decreased in the DOX18 group. Only in the latter group did Bcl-2 levels also decrease. While p53 only increased in the CA3 region of the DOX9 group, AIF increased in the PFC and DG of DOX18. Finally, phosphorylation of Tau decreased with the highest DOX dose in DG and CA3, while TNF-α levels increased in CA1 of DOX18. Our results indicate new pathways not yet described that could be responsible for the cognitive impairments observed in treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dias-Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Ferreira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Reis-Mendes
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Isabel Sá
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Capela
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050‐313, Porto, Portugal
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Chen X, Gu J, Zhang X. Brain-Heart Axis and the Inflammatory Response: Connecting Stroke and Cardiac Dysfunction. Cardiology 2024; 149:369-382. [PMID: 38574466 PMCID: PMC11309082 DOI: 10.1159/000538409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the mechanistic interaction between the brain and heart has been explored in detail, which explains the effects of brain injuries on the heart and those of cardiac dysfunction on the brain. Brain injuries are the predominant cause of post-stroke deaths, and cardiac dysfunction is the second leading cause of mortality after stroke onset. SUMMARY Several studies have reported the association between brain injuries and cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, it is necessary to study the influence on the heart post-stroke to understand the underlying mechanisms of stroke and cardiac dysfunction. This review focuses on the mechanisms and the effects of cardiac dysfunction after the onset of stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke). KEY MESSAGES The role of the site of stroke and the underlying mechanisms of the brain-heart axis after stroke onset, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, inflammatory and immune responses, brain-multi-organ axis, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiajie Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaojia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Chen Y, Guo X, Zeng Y, Mo X, Hong S, He H, Li J, Steinmetz R, Liu Q. Ferroptosis contributes to catecholamine-induced cardiotoxicity and pathological remodeling. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 207:227-238. [PMID: 37499888 PMCID: PMC10529955 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
High levels of circulating catecholamines cause cardiac injury, pathological remodeling, and heart failure, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we provide both in vitro and in vivo evidence that excessive β-adrenergic stimulation induces ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes, revealing a novel mechanism for catecholamine-induced cardiotoxicity and remodeling. We found that isoproterenol, a synthetic catecholamine, promoted glutathione depletion and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) degradation in cardiomyocytes, leading to GPX4 inactivation and enhanced lipid peroxidation. Isoproterenol also promoted heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression by downregulating the transcription suppressor BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1), leading to increased labile iron accumulation through heme degradation. Moreover, isoproterenol markedly induced the accumulation of free iron and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria, while targeted inhibition of iron overload and ROS accumulation within mitochondria effectively inhibited ferroptosis in cardiomyocytes. Importantly, isoproterenol administration markedly induced ferroptosis in the myocardium in vivo, associated with elevated non-heme iron accumulation driven by HO-1 upregulation. Strikingly, blockade of ferroptosis with ferrostatin-1 or inhibition of HO-1 activity with zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) effectively alleviated cardiac necrosis, pathological remodeling, and heart failure induced by isoproterenol administration. Taken together, our results reveal that catecholamine stimulation primarily induces ferroptotic cell death in cardiomyocyte through GPX4 and Bach1-HO-1 dependent signaling pathways. Targeting ferroptosis may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for catecholamine overload-induced myocardial injury and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Guo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Yachang Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Mo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Siqi Hong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hui He
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Rachel Steinmetz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Qinghang Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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5
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de Koning MSLY, Emmens JE, Romero-Hernández E, Bourgonje AR, Assa S, Figarska SM, Cleland JGF, Samani NJ, Ng LL, Lang CC, Metra M, Filippatos GS, van Veldhuisen DJ, Anker SD, Dickstein K, Voors AA, Lipsic E, van Goor H, van der Harst P. Systemic oxidative stress associates with disease severity and outcome in patients with new-onset or worsening heart failure. Clin Res Cardiol 2023; 112:1056-1066. [PMID: 36997667 PMCID: PMC10062262 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-023-02171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress may be a key pathophysiological mediator in the development and progression of heart failure (HF). The role of serum-free thiol concentrations, as a marker of systemic oxidative stress, in HF remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between serum-free thiol concentrations and disease severity and clinical outcome in patients with new-onset or worsening HF. METHODS Serum-free thiol concentrations were determined by colorimetric detection in 3802 patients from the BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure (BIOSTAT-CHF). Associations between free thiol concentrations and clinical characteristics and outcomes, including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and a composite of HF hospitalization and all-cause mortality during a 2-years follow-up, were reported. RESULTS Lower serum-free thiol concentrations were associated with more advanced HF, as indicated by worse NYHA class, higher plasma NT-proBNP (P < 0.001 for both) and with higher rates of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD) decrease in free thiols: 1.253, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.171-1.341, P < 0.001), cardiovascular mortality (HR per SD: 1.182, 95% CI: 1.086-1.288, P < 0.001), and the composite outcome (HR per SD: 1.058, 95% CI: 1.001-1.118, P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS In patients with new-onset or worsening HF, a lower serum-free thiol concentration, indicative of higher oxidative stress, is associated with increased HF severity and poorer prognosis. Our results do not prove causality, but our findings may be used as rationale for future (mechanistic) studies on serum-free thiol modulation in heart failure. Associations of serum-free thiol concentrations with heart failure severity and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Sophie L Y de Koning
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johanna E Emmens
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arno R Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Solmaz Assa
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sylwia M Figarska
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - John G F Cleland
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Leong L Ng
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Chim C Lang
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Marco Metra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Institute of Cardiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK), Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Adriaan A Voors
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Lipsic
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Szatko A, Glinicki P, Gietka-Czernel M. Pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma-associated cardiomyopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1204851. [PMID: 37522121 PMCID: PMC10374018 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1204851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) are neuroendocrine tumors that frequently produce and release catecholamines. Catecholamine excess can manifest in several cardiovascular syndromes, including cardiomyopathy. PPGL-induced cardiomyopathies occur in up to 11% of cases and are most often associated with an adrenal pheochromocytoma (90%) and rarely with a paraganglioma derived from the sympathetic ganglia (10%). PPGL-associated cardiomyopathies can be chronic or acute, with takotsubo cardiomyopathy being the most often reported. These two types of PPGL-induced cardiomyopathy seem to have different pathophysiological backgrounds. Acute catecholaminergic stress inundates myocardial β-adrenoceptors and leads to left ventricle stunning and slight histological apoptosis. In chronic cardiomyopathy, prolonged catecholamine exposure leads to extended myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, and necrosis, and ultimately it causes dilated cardiomyopathy with a low ejection fraction. Sometimes, especially in cases associated with hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can develop. The prognosis appears to be worse in chronic cases with a higher hospital mortality rate, higher cardiogenic shock rate at initial presentation, and lower left ventricular recovery rate after surgery. Therefore, establishing the correct diagnosis at an early stage of a PPGL is essential. This mini-review summarizes current data on pathophysiological pathways of cardiac damage caused by catecholamines, the clinical presentation of PPGL-induced cardiomyopathies, and discusses treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Szatko
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- EndoLab Laboratory, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Glinicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- EndoLab Laboratory, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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Costa VM, Capela JP, Bastos ML, Remião F, Varner KJ, Duarte JA, Carvalho F. Study of the potential toxicity of adrenaline to neurons, using the SH-SY5Y human cellular model. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2023; 59. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902023e20467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - João Paulo Capela
- University of Porto, Portugal; Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Portugal
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8
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Angelovski M, Hadzi-Petrushev N, Mitrokhin V, Kamkin A, Mladenov M. Myocardial infarction and oxidative damage in animal models: objective and expectations from the application of cysteine derivatives. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:1-17. [PMID: 35450505 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2069530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and associated oxidative stress are the main contributors to pathophysiological changes following myocardial infarction (MI), which is the principal cause of death from cardiovascular disease. The glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase (GPx) system appears to be the main and most active cardiac antioxidant mechanism. Hence, enhancement of the myocardial GSH system might have protective effects in the setting of MI. It follows that by increasing antioxidant capacity, the heart will be able to reduce the damage associated with MI and even prevent/weaken the occurrence of oxidative stress, which is highly ranked among the factors responsible for the occurrence of acute MI. For these reasons, the primary goal of future investigations should be to address the effects of different antioxidative compounds and especially cysteine derivatives like N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC) as precursors responsible for the enhancement of the GSH-related antioxidant system's capacity. It is assumed that this will lay down the basis for elucidation of the mechanisms throughout which applicable doses of OTC will manifest a potentially positive impact in the reduction of adverse effects of acute MI. The inclusion of OTC in the models for prediction of the distribution of oxygen in infarcted animal hearts can help to upgrade existing computational models. Such a model would be based on computational geometries of the heart, but the inclusion of biochemical redox features in addition to angiogenic therapy, despite improvement of the post-infarcted oxygenated outcome could enhance the accuracy of the predictive values of oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Angelovski
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Nikola Hadzi-Petrushev
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Vadim Mitrokhin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andre Kamkin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mitko Mladenov
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia.,Department of Fundamental and Applied Physiology, Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Natural Sympathomimetic Drugs: From Pharmacology to Toxicology. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121793. [PMID: 36551221 PMCID: PMC9775352 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympathomimetic agents are a group of chemical compounds that are able to activate the sympathetic nervous system either directly via adrenergic receptors or indirectly by increasing endogenous catecholamine levels or mimicking their intracellular signaling pathways. Compounds from this group, both used therapeutically or abused, comprise endogenous catecholamines (such as adrenaline and noradrenaline), synthetic amines (e.g., isoproterenol and dobutamine), trace amines (e.g., tyramine, tryptamine, histamine and octopamine), illicit drugs (e.g., ephedrine, cathinone, and cocaine), or even caffeine and synephrine. In addition to the effects triggered by stimulation of the sympathetic system, the discovery of trace amine associated receptors (TAARs) in humans brought new insights about their sympathomimetic pharmacology and toxicology. Although synthetic sympathomimetic agents are mostly seen as toxic, natural sympathomimetic agents are considered more complacently in the terms of safety in the vision of the lay public. Here, we aim to discuss the pharmacological and mainly toxicological aspects related to sympathomimetic natural agents, in particular of trace amines, compounds derived from plants like ephedra and khat, and finally cocaine. The main purpose of this review is to give a scientific and updated view of those agents and serve as a reminder on the safety issues of natural sympathomimetic agents most used in the community.
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10
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Wang J, Zhang J, Ye Y, Xu Q, Li Y, Feng S, Xiong X, Jian Z, Gu L. Peripheral Organ Injury After Stroke. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901209. [PMID: 35720359 PMCID: PMC9200619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a disease with high incidence, mortality and disability rates. It is also the main cause of adult disability in developed countries. Stroke is often caused by small emboli on the inner wall of the blood vessels supplying the brain, which can lead to arterial embolism, and can also be caused by cerebrovascular or thrombotic bleeding. With the exception of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), which is a thrombolytic drug used to recanalize the occluded artery, most treatments have been demonstrated to be ineffective. Stroke can also induce peripheral organ damage. Most stroke patients have different degrees of injury to one or more organs, including the lung, heart, kidney, spleen, gastrointestinal tract and so on. In the acute phase of stroke, severe inflammation occurs in the brain, but there is strong immunosuppression in the peripheral organs, which greatly increases the risk of peripheral organ infection and aggravates organ damage. Nonneurological complications of stroke can affect treatment and prognosis, may cause serious short-term and long-term consequences and are associated with prolonged hospitalization and increased mortality. Many of these complications are preventable, and their adverse effects can be effectively mitigated by early detection and appropriate treatment with various medical measures. This article reviews the pathophysiological mechanism, clinical manifestations and treatment of peripheral organ injury after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesia, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiehua Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingze Ye
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesia, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingxue Xu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesia, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yina Li
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesia, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Feng
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesia, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Mei C, Peng F, Yin W, Xu W, Yao R, Li B, Zhou R, Fan X, Li N. Increased suicidal erythrocyte death in patients with hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 323:G9-G20. [PMID: 35411804 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00050.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Anemia is a common complication of hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HB-ACLF). Eryptosis, a suicidal erythrocyte death characterized by phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization and red blood cell-derived microparticle (RMP) generation, decreases erythrocyte lifespan. Herein, we investigated whether enhanced eryptosis is involved in the anemia pathophysiology associated with HB-ACLF. PS exposure, cell volume, cytosolic Ca2+, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined using flow cytometry. RMPs were extracted using a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based method. We found that hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) were significantly lower in patients with HB-ACLF than in healthy controls (HC), patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and patients with cirrhosis. The direct antiglobulin test positive rate was 75.9% in patients with HB-ACLF while its intensity was associated with anemia. The ratio of abnormal erythrocytes was higher in patients with HB-ACLF than in HC, CHB, and cirrhosis. The percentage of PS-exposed erythrocytes was higher in patients with HB-ACLF (2.07 ± 0.11%) compared with HC (0.37 ± 0.05%), CHB (0.38 ± 0.03%), and cirrhosis (0.38 ± 0.04%). The cytosolic Ca2+ and ROS abundance were also higher in patients with HB-ACLF compared with HC, patients with CHB, and patients with cirrhosis, and were inversely correlated with the anemia in patients with HB-ACLF. PS exposure of erythrocytes collected from HC was significantly pronounced following incubation in plasma from patients with HB-ACLF compared with incubation in plasma from HC. The protein concentration and RMPs size significantly increased in patients with HB-ACLF compared with HC. Thus, the anemia in patients with HB-ACLF is associated with increased eryptosis, which is partially triggered by increased cytosolic Ca2+ and oxidative stress.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Acute chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a critical syndrome characterized by multiple organ failures and high short-term mortality. A common complication of HB-ACLF is anemia, however, the mechanism of anemia in HB-ACLF remains to be elucidated. We confirm that the accelerated eryptosis is involved in the pathophysiology of anemia associated with HB-ACLF, which progressively aggravates the clinical outcome. Our study illustrates the mechanism regarding the anemia pathogenesis of HB-ACLF, which may be utilized further toward therapeutic ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Mei
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenyu Yin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Run Yao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bijuan Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuegong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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12
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Zou Y, Tang Y, Fan W, Liu L, Jiao Y. Cognition impairment of rat in undersea environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:829-839. [PMID: 32741208 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1799955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the cognitive responses of rat simulation model of the undersea environment. Rats were randomized into five groups: control, restraint, hyperbaric air, restraint with hyperbaric air, and restraint with hyperbaric air and immersion The cognition functions were assessed by Morris water maze test and forced swimming test. The cerebral blood flow (CBF) was monitored. The parameters examined were total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), and malondialdehyde (MDA). It was observed that the rats in the experimental groups had impaired learning and memory and behavioral despair accompanied by increase in CBF and MDA levels but decrease of TAC, SOD, CAT, GSH-px, GSH, and GR levels. These indicated that the simulated underwater conditions might cause immediate and transient cognition impairment in the rat models. The simulated environment induced oxidative stress led to the negative cognitive changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Zou
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Jiao
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai, China
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13
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Kaculini C, Sy C, Lacci JV, Jafari AA, Mirmoeeni S, Seifi A. The association of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A U.S. nationwide analysis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022; 215:107211. [PMID: 35305390 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is a stress-induced cardiomyopathy that can be precipitated by aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Several studies have shown patients who develop TC following aSAH have an increased risk of disability and mortality. The goal of this study is to examine the incidence of TC in aSAH, identify its risk factors, and analyze its impact on patient outcomes. METHODS Data for patients with aSAH between the years of 2009 and 2018 were extracted from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) and stratified based on the diagnosis of TC. Univariate analysis was used to assess the incidence of TC and covariates including patient demographics, aneurysmal treatment, in-hospital mortality rate, length of stay and costs. Multivariate logistic regression models analyzed the relationship between TC and these variables RESULTS: 80,915 aSAH patient-discharges were included in this study, 673 (0.83%) of which, developed TC. Females (OR 3.49, CI [2.82-4.33], P < 0.001), white ethnicity (69% vs 63%, P = 0.003) and patients with certain comorbidities including smoking (OR 1.64, CI [1.38-1.95], P < 0.0001) and seizures (OR 1.32, CI [1.07, 1.64], P = 0.01) were most likely to develop TC. Patients who developed TC had significantly increased mortality (OR 1.36, CI [1.13-1.65], P = 0.001), hospital stays (mean days of 19.4 vs 11.5, P < 0.0001), and costs ($104,111 vs $48,734, P < 0.0001). Hypertension (OR 0.63, CI [0.54-0.74], P < 0.0001) and hyperlipidemia (OR 0.63, CI [0.51-0.77], P < 0.0001) were found to be protective against TC. Patients with TC after acute SAH were more likely to undergo endovascular coiling (OR 1.68, CI [1.327-2.127], P < 0.001) rather than surgical clipping (OR 0.66, CI [0.52-0.83], P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Female sex, white ethnicity, smoking and seizures represented significant predictors of developing TC after aSAH, while hypercholesterolemia and hypertension were protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kaculini
- Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Sy
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - John V Lacci
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Ali Seifi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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14
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Zheng LJ, Lin X, Xue YJ. Effect of Cerebral Ischemic Strokes in Different Cerebral Artery Regions on Left Ventricular Function. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:782173. [PMID: 35345487 PMCID: PMC8957275 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.782173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThe relationship between cerebral ischemic stroke and left ventricular function evaluated by echocardiography has been emphasized. Whether lesions in different cerebral artery regions would result in left ventricular dysfunction remains uncertain.MethodsPatients were divided into middle cerebral artery (MCA) (n = 79), posterior cerebral artery (PCA) (n = 64), basilar artery (BA) regions (n = 66), and no-ischemic stroke group (n = 209). We retrospectively collected demographic characteristics, hematologic parameters, and ECG results, and a comparison of echocardiographic parameters was performed to determine the relationship between ischemic stroke and left ventricular function.ResultsA total of 418 patients were included. Demographic characteristics did not significantly differ between the ischemic stroke and non-ischemic stroke groups, except for a history of drinking (p < 0.001). Homocysteine levels in the MCA group were higher than those in the PCA and BA groups (p < 0.05). The highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level was higher in the ischemic stroke group than in the non-ischemic stroke one (p = 0.001). A higher incidence of ST-T changes in the ECG and lower levels of potassium and magnesium in the ischemic stroke group were found. Significant differences in diastolic function between groups were noted, and the early mitral inflow velocity, annular early diastolic velocity, and ratio between the mitral annular early diastolic velocity and mitral annulus atrial inflow velocity in the MCA group were lower than those in the BA group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIschemic strokes exhibited a negative effect on left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography, especially in MCA region infarcts. These results are of great importance for neurologists as they highlight the need for left ventricular function evaluation after stroke to regulate therapy strategies in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Neonatology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun-Jing Xue
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yun-Jing Xue
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15
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Carving the senescent phenotype by the chemical reactivity of catecholamines: An integrative review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 75:101570. [PMID: 35051644 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecules damaged by covalent modifications produced by chemically reactive metabolites accumulate in the slowly renewable components of living bodies and compromise their functions. Among such metabolites, catecholamines (CA) are unique, compared with the ubiquitous oxygen, ROS, glucose and methylglyoxal, in that their high chemical reactivity is confined to a limited set of cell types, including the dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons and their direct targets, which suffer from CA propensities for autoxidation yielding toxic quinones, and for Pictet-Spengler reactions with carbonyl-containing compounds, which yield mitochondrial toxins. The functions progressively compromised because of that include motor performance, cognition, reward-driven behaviors, emotional tuning, and the neuroendocrine control of reproduction. The phenotypic manifestations of the resulting disorders culminate in such conditions as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, hypertension, sarcopenia, and menopause. The reasons to suspect that CA play some special role in aging accumulated since early 1970-ies. Published reviews address the role of CA hazardousness in the development of specific aging-associated diseases. The present integrative review explores how the bizarre discrepancy between CA hazardousness and biological importance could have emerged in evolution, how much does the chemical reactivity of CA contribute to the senescent phenotype in mammals, and what can be done with it.
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16
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Dhalla NS, Elimban V, Bartekova M, Adameova A. Involvement of Oxidative Stress in the Development of Subcellular Defects and Heart Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020393. [PMID: 35203602 PMCID: PMC8962363 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well known that oxidative stress promotes lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, activation of proteases, fragmentation of DNA and alteration in gene expression for producing myocardial cell damage, whereas its actions for the induction of fibrosis, necrosis and apoptosis are considered to result in the loss of cardiomyocytes in different types of heart disease. The present article is focused on the discussion concerning the generation and implications of oxidative stress from various sources such as defective mitochondrial electron transport and enzymatic reactions mainly due to the activation of NADPH oxidase, nitric oxide synthase and monoamine oxidase in diseased myocardium. Oxidative stress has been reported to promote excessive entry of Ca2+ due to increased permeability of the sarcolemmal membrane as well as depressions of Na+-K+ ATPase and Na+-Ca2+ exchange systems, which are considered to increase the intracellular of Ca2+. In addition, marked changes in the ryanodine receptors and Ca2+-pump ATPase have been shown to cause Ca2+-release and depress Ca2+ accumulation in the sarcoplasmic reticulum as a consequence of oxidative stress. Such alterations in sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum are considered to cause Ca2+-handling abnormalities, which are associated with mitochondrial Ca2+-overload and loss of myofibrillar Ca2+-sensitivity due to oxidative stress. Information regarding the direct effects of different oxyradicals and oxidants on subcellular organelles has also been outlined to show the mechanisms by which oxidative stress may induce Ca2+-handling abnormalities. These observations support the view that oxidative stress plays an important role in the genesis of subcellular defects and cardiac dysfunction in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naranjan S. Dhalla
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-235-3417; Fax: +1-204-237-0347
| | - Vijayan Elimban
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada;
| | - Monika Bartekova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Adriana Adameova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.B.); (A.A.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
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17
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Oxidative Stress and Cocaine Intoxication as Start Points in the Pathology of Cocaine-Induced Cardiotoxicity. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9120317. [PMID: 34941752 PMCID: PMC8705810 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9120317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Psychomotor stimulants are the most commonly used prohibited substances after cannabis. Globally, their use reaches epidemiological proportions and is one of the most common causes of death in many countries. The use of illicit drugs has negative effects on the cardiovascular system and is one of the causes of serious cardiovascular pathologies, ranging from abnormal heart rhythms to heart attacks and sudden cardiac death. The reactive oxygen species generation, toxic metabolites formation, and oxidative stress play a significant role in cocaine-induced cardiotoxicity. The aim of the present review is to assess acute and chronic cocaine toxicity by focusing on the published literature regarding oxidative stress levels. Hypothetically, this study can serve as a basis for developing a rapid and effective method for determining oxidative stress levels by monitoring changes in the redox status of patients with cocaine intoxication.
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18
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Paulino ET, Rodrigues AKBF, Machado MLDP, de Oliveira KRV, Bernardino AC, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Oliveira AP, Ribeiro ÊAN. Alpha-terpineol prevents myocardial damage against isoproterenol-MI induced in Wistar-Kyoto rats: New possible to promote cardiovascular integrity. Life Sci 2021; 290:120087. [PMID: 34740575 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-terpineol (TPN) is one of the major components of the resin obtained from Protium heptaphyllum. This plant has been utilized as medicine by Brazilian indigenous tribes to treat cardiovascular diseases. Scientific reports have shown that the TPN possesses vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects. This study was conducted to assess the cardioprotective action of TPN against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiotoxicity. Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups. Rats were orally administered with TPN (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg, respectively) for 15 days, and ISO was administered (85 mg/kg, subcutaneously) on the 14th and 15th days. At the end of the experiment, the hemodynamic, baroreflex test, ECG, biochemical, histological, and morphometric changes were monitored from control and experimental groups, i.e., on the 15th day. ISO-induced myocardial infarcted rats showed an increase in mortality rates, cardiac marker enzymes, tachycardia, hypertrophy, myocardium necrosis, edema, hemorrhagic areas, infiltration of inflammatory cells like lymphocytes, and increased myocardial infarct size. However, pretreatment with TPN significantly inhibited these effects of ISO. The histopathological findings obtained for the myocardium further confirmed the biochemical results. Thus, the present study provides evidence for the efficacy of TPN against ISO-induced myocardial infarction in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Tenório Paulino
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Institute Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Luiza Dal Pont Machado
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Institute Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Alessando César Bernardino
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Institute Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Aldeídia Pereira Oliveira
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Biology and Health Science, Federal University of Piauí, Brazil
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19
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Du Y, Demillard LJ, Ren J. Catecholamine-induced cardiotoxicity: A critical element in the pathophysiology of stroke-induced heart injury. Life Sci 2021; 287:120106. [PMID: 34756930 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases such as ischemic stroke, brain hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage provoke cardiac complications such as heart failure, neurogenic stress-related cardiomyopathy and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. With regards to the pathophysiology of stroke-induced heart injury, several mechanisms have been postulated to contribute to this complex interaction between brain and heart, including damage from gut dysbiosis, immune and systematic inflammatory responses, microvesicle- and microRNA-mediated vascular injury and damage from a surge of catecholamines. All these cerebrovascular diseases may trigger pronounced catecholamine surges through diverse ways, including stimulation of hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis, dysregulation of autonomic system, and secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Primary catecholamines involved in this pathophysiological response include norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine. Both are important neurotransmitters that connect the nervous system with the heart, leading to cardiac damage via myocardial ischemia, calcium (Ca2+) overload, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we will aim to summarize the molecular mechanisms behind catecholamine-induced cardiotoxicity including Ca2+ overload, oxidative stress, apoptosis, cardiac hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammation. In addition, we will focus on how synchronization among these pathways evokes cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Du
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Laurie J Demillard
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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20
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Lin HB, Li FX, Zhang JY, You ZJ, Xu SY, Liang WB, Zhang HF. Cerebral-Cardiac Syndrome and Diabetes: Cardiac Damage After Ischemic Stroke in Diabetic State. Front Immunol 2021; 12:737170. [PMID: 34512671 PMCID: PMC8430028 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral-cardiac syndrome (CCS) refers to cardiac dysfunction following varying brain injuries. Ischemic stroke is strongly evidenced to induce CCS characterizing as arrhythmia, myocardial damage, and heart failure. CCS is attributed to be the second leading cause of death in the post-stroke stage; however, the responsible mechanisms are obscure. Studies indicated the possible mechanisms including insular cortex injury, autonomic imbalance, catecholamine surge, immune response, and systemic inflammation. Of note, the characteristics of the stroke population reveal a common comorbidity with diabetes. The close and causative correlation of diabetes and stroke directs the involvement of diabetes in CCS. Nevertheless, the role of diabetes and its corresponding molecular mechanisms in CCS have not been clarified. Here we conclude the features of CCS and the potential role of diabetes in CCS. Diabetes drives establish a “primed” inflammatory microenvironment and further induces severe systemic inflammation after stroke. The boosted inflammation is suspected to provoke cardiac pathological changes and hence exacerbate CCS. Importantly, as the key element of inflammation, NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is indicated to play an important role in diabetes, stroke, and the sequential CCS. Overall, we characterize the corresponding role of diabetes in CCS and speculate a link of NLRP3 inflammasome between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Xian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jian You
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liang
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hong-Fei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Salimi A, Niknejad M, Minouei M, Mojarad Aylar E. Analysis of toxicity effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on isolated rat heart mitochondria. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 32:106-113. [PMID: 34431445 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1973168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have the main roles in myocardial tissue homeostasis, through providing ATP for the vital enzymes in intermediate metabolism, contractile apparatus and maintaining ion homeostasis. Mitochondria-related cardiotoxicity results from the exposure with illicit drugs have previously reported. These illicit drugs interference with processes of normal mitochondrial homeostasis and lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial-related oxidative stress. Cannabis consumption has been shown to cause ventricular tachycardia, to increase the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and potentially sudden death. Here, we investigated this hypothesis that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-9-THC) as a main cannabinoid found in cannabis could directly cause mitochondrial dysfunction. Cardiac mitochondria were isolated with mechanical lysis and differential centrifugation form rat heart. The isolated cardiac mitochondria were treated with different concentrations of THC (1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500 µM) for 1 hour at 37 °C. Then, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, mitochondrial swelling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse and lipid peroxidation were measured in the treated and nontreated isolated cardiac mitochondria. Our observation showed that THC did not cause a deleterious alteration in mitochondrial functions, ROS production, MMP collapse, mitochondrial swelling, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in used concentrations (5-100 µM), even in several tests, toxicity showed a decreasing trend. Altogether, the results of the current study showed that THC is not directly toxic in isolated cardiac mitochondria, and even may be helpful in reducing mitochondrial toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohsen Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Morteza Minouei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Elham Mojarad Aylar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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22
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Sunbul M, Midi IG, Agackiran SK, Engin E, Ucem S, Alibaz-Oner F, Sayar N, Direskeneli H, Sadıc BO. Myocardial involvement in Behçet's disease may be higher in patients with Neuro-Behçet's disease: a speckle tracking echocardiographic study. Acta Cardiol 2021; 77:515-523. [PMID: 34392811 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2021.1965354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behcet's disease (BD) may present with life threating complications including neurological and cardiovascular involvement. Neuro-Behcet's disease (NBD) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with BD. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether patients with NBD are different than BD patients with other manifestations in terms of subclinical myocardial dysfunction. METHODS Forty patients with NBD (23 female, mean age: 42.4 ± 9.4 years), 40 patients with BD (9 female, mean age: 39.7 ± 9.0 years) and 40 controls (20 male, mean age: 41.8 ± 6.5 years) were consecutively included in the study. All subjects underwent a transthoracic echocardiography for evaluation of left ventricular (LV) and atrial (LA) functions with two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). RESULTS Baseline characteristics, clinical data, LV dimensions, systolic and diastolic functions were all in normal range among the groups. LV global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) was significantly lower in patients with NBD and BD patients without neurologic involvement compared to controls. LA conduit strain was significantly lower in patients with NBD compared to controls. Patients with both parenchymal NBD and vascular NBD manifestations had significantly lower LV-GLS and LA conduit strain compared to controls. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that among cardiovascular risk factors only presence of NBD was the independent predictor of LV-GLS. CONCLUSIONS BD is associated with impaired LV and LA functions. LV-GLS and LA conduit strains of the patients with NBD were lower. NBD was an independent predictor of LV-GLS, suggesting a link between neurological manifestations and cardiac dysfunction in BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Sunbul
- Department of Cardiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ipek Gursoy Midi
- Department of Neurology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Kutlug Agackiran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Engin
- Department of Neurology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selen Ucem
- Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Alibaz-Oner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurten Sayar
- Department of Cardiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Haner Direskeneli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beste Ozben Sadıc
- Department of Cardiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Donia T, Khamis A. Management of oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular diseases: mechanisms and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:34121-34153. [PMID: 33963999 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have diverse physiopathological mechanisms with interconnected oxidative stress and inflammation as one of the common etiologies which result in the onset and development of atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we illustrate this strong crosstalk between oxidative stress, inflammation, and CVD. Also, mitochondrial functions underlying this crosstalk, and various approaches for the prevention of redox/inflammatory biological impacts will be illustrated. In part, we focus on the laboratory biomarkers and physiological tests for the evaluation of oxidative stress status and inflammatory processes. The impact of a healthy lifestyle on CVD onset and development is displayed as well. Furthermore, the differences in oxidative stress and inflammation are related to genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases and the variability in the assessment of CVDs risk between individuals; Omics technologies for measuring oxidative stress and inflammation will be explored. Finally, we display the oxidative stress-related microRNA and the functions of the redox basis of epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoria Donia
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abeer Khamis
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Mihajlovic K, Milosavljevic I, Jeremic J, Savic M, Sretenovic J, Srejovic I, Zivkovic V, Jovicic N, Paunovic M, Bolevich S, Jakovljevic V, Novokmet S. Redox and apoptotic potential of novel ruthenium complexes in rat blood and heart. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:207-217. [PMID: 32976727 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) complexes offer the potential for lower toxicity compared with platinum(II) complexes. Our study aimed to compare cardiotoxicity of [Ru(Cl-tpy)(en)Cl][Cl], [Ru(Cl-tpy)(dach)Cl][Cl], [Ru(Cl-tpy)(bpy)Cl][Cl], cisplatin, and saline through assessment of redox status and relative expression of apoptosis-related genes. A total of 40 Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups. Ruthenium groups received a single dose of complexes intraperitoneally (4 mg/kg/week) for a 4-week period; cisplatin group received cisplatin (4 mg/kg/week) and control group received saline (4 mL/kg/week) in the same manner as ruthenium groups. In collected blood and heart tissue samples, spectrophotometric determination of oxidative stress biomarkers was performed. The relative expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3) in hearts was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our results showed that systemic and cardiac pro-oxidative markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitrite) were significantly lower in ruthenium groups compared with cisplatin group, while concentrations of antioxidative parameters (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and oxidized glutathione) were significantly higher. Ruthenium administration led to significantly lower gene expression of Bax and caspase-3 compared with cisplatin-treated rats, while Bcl-2 remained unchanged. Applied ruthenium complexes have less pronounced potential for induction of oxidative stress-mediated cardiotoxicity compared with cisplatin. These findings may help for future studies that should clarify the mechanisms of cardiotoxicity of ruthenium-based metallodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Mihajlovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Isidora Milosavljevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Jeremic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Maja Savic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Sretenovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Srejovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Jovicic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Histology and embryology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milica Paunovic
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, First Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, First Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Slobodan Novokmet
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Othmène YB, Hamdi H, Amara I, Abid-Essefi S. Tebuconazole induced oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in adult rat heart. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 170:104671. [PMID: 32980069 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
TEB belongs to the family of triazole fungicides and it is used to protect agricultural crop plants from fungal pathogens. The information regarding its cardiotoxic effects through different pathways particularly by perturbing the oxidative balance and causing damage to the myocardium is still limited. In the present study, oxidative and histopathologic damages caused by TEB in the cardiac tissue of male adult rats, were evaluated. Rats were exposed orally to TEB at 0.9, 9, 27 and 45 mg/kg b.w. for 28 days. Results showed that following TEB treatment malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP), antioxidant enzyme activities (GPx and GR) and GSSG levels increased, while GSH levels and thus the GSH/GSSG ratio decreased. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) initially increased at the doses of 0.9, 9 and 27 mg/kg b.w. and then decreased at the dose of 45 mg/kg b.w. Moreover, western blot analysis showed that TEB increased SOD1, CAT and HSP70 protein levels after 24 h. Furthermore, TEB induced various histological changes in the myocardium, including leucocytic infiltration, hemorrhage congestion of cardiac blood vessels and cytoplasmic vacuolization. Therefore, our investigation revealed, that TEB exhibits cardiotoxic effects by changing oxidative balance and damaging the cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Ben Othmène
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, LR01SE17, Rue Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hiba Hamdi
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, LR01SE17, Rue Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ines Amara
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, LR01SE17, Rue Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, LR01SE17, Rue Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia..
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Thekekara J, Gunasekharan A, Kwon Y, Memon N, Hackworth JN. Catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy and multiple organ failure in pheochromocytoma. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2020; 10:480-482. [PMID: 33235688 PMCID: PMC7671731 DOI: 10.1080/20009666.2020.1796277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A 55-year-old Caucasian woman with no significant past medical history presented with chest pain, palpitations, shortness of breath, and nausea. Physical examination was notable for a blood pressure of 182/87 mmHg, heart rate (HR) of 74 beats per minute (bpm), temperature of 98.3ºF, and oxygen saturation of 94% on 15 liters (L) of oxygen per minute. Her initial labs revealed troponin of 0.26 ng/mL (<0.01 ng/mL), blood glucose of 497 mg/dL (70–99 mg/dL), lactic acid of 6.9 mmol/L (0.4–1.9 mmol/L), and white blood cell (WBC) of 21.6 K/uL (4–11.0 K/uL). EKG showed ST elevation in leads V1 and V2. CT Pulmonary angiography with contrast ordered to rule out pulmonary embolism revealed a right adrenal mass measuring 3.5 cm x 4.1 cm. Patient was admitted to the intensive care unit for ST elevation myocardial infarction, hyperglycemia, and sepsis. She was started on heparin, broad-spectrum antibiotics, intravenous fluids, and insulin. Emergent echocardiogram revealed 40–45% ejection fraction with septal, lateral, anteroseptal, and posterolateral hypokinesis. Troponin elevation to 1.00 ng/mL (<0.01 ng/mL) warranted a cardiac angiography which revealed new-onset systolic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction with normal coronary vessels. A relatively rapid improvement in her clinical course suggested that a functioning tumor could be the underlying etiology. Diagnostic work-up for pheochromocytoma showed elevated metanephrine and normetanephrine. Subsequent surgical biopsy of the adrenal mass was consistent with pheochromocytoma. It was a rare case presentation of pheochromocytoma with catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy and multiple organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Thekekara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mercy Health - The Jewish Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Atchayaa Gunasekharan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mercy Health - The Jewish Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Young Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mercy Health - The Jewish Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Niaz Memon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mercy Health - The Jewish Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joe N Hackworth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mercy Health - The Jewish Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Montalto A, Nicolò F, Polizzi V, Comisso M, Musumeci F. Fast myocardial recovery ensured by the combined use of V-A ECMO and IMPELLA CP in cardiogenic shock related to a pheochromocytoma crisis. J Card Surg 2020; 35:2367-2369. [PMID: 32720331 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.14805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pheochromocytoma is a rare catecholamine-secreting tumor derived from chromaffin cells in the adrenal glands. An excessive stimulation of cardiac myocytes, when pheochromocytoma 'crisis' occurs, lead to myocardial damage with cardiogenic shock. AIM OF THE STUDY We present the case of a A 28-year old female patient admitted with signs of severe cardiogenic shock. She was successfully supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) combined with IMPELLA CP heart pump (Abiomed Danvers, MA), for left ventricular unloading. Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) was used to favour myocardial recovery and avoid cardiac remodeling. RESULTS A very fast recovery was observed. The ECMO was discontinued after four days. The IMPELLA-CP was safely removed after six days. A completely myocardial recovery was observed. CONCLUSIONS Use of MCS might find an indication in case of PCC as a bridge to myocardial recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Montalto
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantation, S. Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Nicolò
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantation, S. Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Polizzi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantation, S. Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Comisso
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantation, S. Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Musumeci
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantation, S. Camillo Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Szeiffova Bacova B, Viczenczova C, Andelova K, Sykora M, Chaudagar K, Barancik M, Adamcova M, Knezl V, Egan Benova T, Weismann P, Slezak J, Tribulova N. Antiarrhythmic Effects of Melatonin and Omega-3 Are Linked with Protection of Myocardial Cx43 Topology and Suppression of Fibrosis in Catecholamine Stressed Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060546. [PMID: 32580481 PMCID: PMC7346184 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac β-adrenergic overstimulation results in oxidative stress, hypertrophy, ischemia, lesion, and fibrosis rendering the heart vulnerable to malignant arrhythmias. We aimed to explore the anti-arrhythmic efficacy of the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory compounds, melatonin, and omega-3, and their mechanisms of actions in normotensive and hypertensive rats exposed to isoproterenol (ISO) induced β-adrenergic overdrive. Eight-month-old, male SHR, and Wistar rats were injected during 7 days with ISO (cumulative dose, 118 mg/kg). ISO rats were either untreated or concomitantly treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg/day) or omega-3 (Omacor, 1.68 g/kg/day) until 60 days of ISO withdrawal and compared to non-ISO controls. Findings showed that both melatonin and omega-3 increased threshold current to induce ventricular fibrillation (VF) in ISO rats regardless of the strain. Prolonged treatment with these compounds resulted in significant suppression of ISO-induced extracellular matrix alterations, as indicated by reduced areas of diffuse fibrosis and decline of hydroxyproline, collagen-1, SMAD2/3, and TGF-β1 protein levels. Importantly, the highly pro-arrhythmic ISO-induced disordered cardiomyocyte distribution of electrical coupling protein, connexin-43 (Cx43), and its remodeling (lateralization) were significantly attenuated by melatonin and omega-3 in Wistar as well as SHR hearts. In parallel, both compounds prevented the post-ISO-related increase in Cx43 variant phosphorylated at serine 368 along with PKCε, which are known to modulate Cx43 remodeling. Melatonin and omega-3 increased SOD1 or SOD2 protein levels in ISO-exposed rats of both strains. Altogether, the results indicate that anti-arrhythmic effects of melatonin and omega-3 might be attributed to the protection of myocardial Cx43 topology and suppression of fibrosis in the setting of oxidative stress induced by catecholamine overdrive in normotensive and hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Szeiffova Bacova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, SAS, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.B.); (C.V.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (V.K.); (T.E.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Csilla Viczenczova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, SAS, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.B.); (C.V.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (V.K.); (T.E.B.); (J.S.)
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarina Andelova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, SAS, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.B.); (C.V.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (V.K.); (T.E.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Matus Sykora
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, SAS, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.B.); (C.V.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (V.K.); (T.E.B.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Miroslav Barancik
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, SAS, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.B.); (C.V.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (V.K.); (T.E.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Michaela Adamcova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Vladimir Knezl
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, SAS, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.B.); (C.V.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (V.K.); (T.E.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Tamara Egan Benova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, SAS, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.B.); (C.V.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (V.K.); (T.E.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Peter Weismann
- Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81499 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Jan Slezak
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, SAS, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.B.); (C.V.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (V.K.); (T.E.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Narcisa Tribulova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, SAS, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.S.B.); (C.V.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.B.); (V.K.); (T.E.B.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +00421-2-32295423
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Kruk J, Kotarska K, Aboul-Enein BH. Physical exercise and catecholamines response: benefits and health risk: possible mechanisms. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:105-125. [PMID: 32020819 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1726343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial effect of regular moderate physical exercise (PE) and negative effect of severe exercise and/or overtraining as an activator of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) have been shown in numerous aspects of human health, including reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, neurological disease, depression, and some types of cancer. Moderate-to-vigorous PE stimulates the SNS activation, releasing catecholamines (CATs) adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine that play an important regulatory and modulatory actions by affecting metabolic processes and the immune system. Summary of the dispersed literature in this area and explanation of the biological mechanisms operating between PE-CATs and the immune system would lead to a better understanding of the beneficial and negative effects of PE on health. This overview aimed to: demonstrate representative literature findings on the exercise released CATs levels, major functions performed by these hormones, their interactions with the immune system and their effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Also, mechanisms of cytotoxic free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during CATs oxidation, and molecular mechanisms of CATs response to exercise are discussed to demonstrate positive and negative on human health effects. Owing to the large body of the subject literature, we present a representative cross-section of the published studies in this area. The results show a significant role of CATs in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, immunity and as generators of ROS, depending on PE intensity and duration. Further investigation of the PE-CATs relationship should validate CATs levels to optimize safe intensity and duration of exercise and individualize their prescription, considering CATs to be applied as markers for a dose of exercise. Also, a better understanding of the biological mechanisms is also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kruk
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Health, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kotarska
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Health, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Basil H Aboul-Enein
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Prognostic Value of NT-proBNP After Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:104659. [PMID: 32067852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have evaluated the relationship between N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and its prognostic value in ischemic stroke. However, a widespread consensus has not been reached. Therefore, we completed a meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic significance of NT-proBNP for mortality and functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke. METHODS We performed a systematic search and review using the PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify literature that reported a correlation between NT-proBNP and mortality and functional outcome in ischemic stroke patients. RESULTS Eleven studies inclusive of 10,498 patients met the inclusion criteria. Elevated plasma NT-proBNP levels were associated with increased risk of mortality in ischemic stroke patients (all-cause mortality: odds ratio [OR] = 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62-3.64, P < .001, I2=74.3%; cardiovascular mortality: OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.55-2.61, P < .001, I2 = 42.6%). In addition, unfavorable functional outcomes were observed in patients with higher levels of NT-proBNP (OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.13-2.50, P = .01, I2 = 90.8%) after ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrates that NT-proBNP could be a predictor of mortality and functional outcome in ischemic stroke patients.
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Mohammed HS, Hosny EN, Khadrawy YA, Magdy M, Attia YS, Sayed OA, AbdElaal M. Protective effect of curcumin nanoparticles against cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin in rat. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165665. [PMID: 31918005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study designed to investigate the protective effect of curcumin nanoparticles (CUR-NPs) on the cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. Rats were divided into four groups; control, rats treated daily with CUR-NPs (50 mg/kg) for 14 days, rats treated with an acute dose of doxorubicin (20 mg/kg) and rats treated daily with CUR-NPs for 14 days injected with doxorubicin on the 10th day. After electrocardiogram (ECG) recording from rats at different groups, rat decapitation was carried out and the heart of each rat was excised out to measure the oxidative stress parameters; lipid peroxidation (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of Na,K,ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AchE). In addition, the levels of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) were determined in the cardiac tissues. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured in the serum. The ECG recordings indicated that daily pretreatment with CUR- NPs has prevented the tachycardia (i.e. increase in heart rate) and ameliorated the changes in ST wave and QRS complex induced by doxorubicin. In addition, CUR-NPs prevented doxorubicin induced significant increase in MDA, NO, DA, AchE and LDH and doxorubicin induced significant decrease in GSH, NE, 5-HT and Na,K,ATPase. According to the present findings, it could be concluded that CUR-NPs have a protective effect against cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. This may shed more light on the importance of CUR-NPs pretreatment before the application of doxorubicin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham S Mohammed
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman N Hosny
- Medical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Yasser A Khadrawy
- Medical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Merna Magdy
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasmen S Attia
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omnia A Sayed
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud AbdElaal
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Renalase Attenuates Mouse Fatty Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Damage via Activating SIRT1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7534285. [PMID: 31949882 PMCID: PMC6948337 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7534285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is a severe complication of liver surgery. Moreover, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients are particularly vulnerable to IR injury, with higher rates of postoperative morbidity and mortality after liver surgeries. Our previous study found that renalase (RNLS) was highly sensitive and responsive to oxidative stress, which may be a promising biomarker for the evaluation of the severity of liver IR injury. However, the role of RNLS in liver IR injury remains unclear. In the present study, we intensively explored the role and mechanism of RNLS in fatty liver IR injury in vivo and in vitro. C57BL/6 mice were divided into 2 groups feeding with high-fat diet (HFD) and control diet (CD), respectively. After 20 weeks' feeding, they were suffered from portal triad blockage and reflow to induce liver IR injury. Additionally, oleic acid (OA) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) were used in vitro to induce steatotic hepatocytes and to simulate ROS burst and mimic cellular oxidative stress following portal triad blockage and reflow, respectively. Our data showed that RNLS was downregulated in fatty livers, and RNLS administration effectively attenuated IR injury by reducing ROS production and improving mitochondrial function through activating SIRT1. Additionally, the downregulation of RNLS in the fatty liver was mediated by a decrease of signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression under HFD conditions. These findings make RNLS a promising therapeutic strategy for the attenuation of liver IR injury.
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Garla VV, Gosi S, Kanduri S, Lien L. A case of catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/9/e230196. [PMID: 31570347 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-230196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A 55-year-old female patient was presented with severe dyspnea due to sudden onset of heart failure (ejection fraction (EF) <10%). Echocardiogram showed a takotsubo pattern with an akinetic apical segment. Coronary angiography did not reveal any obstructive disease. She became hypotensive which was refractory to conventional pressor agents. Catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy was suspected after the CT scan of the abdomen showed a 4 cm necrotic right adrenal mass consistent with pheochromocytoma (PHEO). Venous arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and α blockers were initiated. There was a rapid improvement in cardiac function with EF normalising in 1 week. Subsequently, β-blockers were added and right adrenalectomy was done 3 weeks after the admission. She did extremely well after surgery with her blood pressure normalising without the need for antihypertensive therapy. Genetic evaluation revealed no pathogenic mutations implicated in the development of PHEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Vardhan Garla
- Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Shiva Gosi
- Hospital Medicine, Banner Thunderbird Medical Center, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Swetha Kanduri
- Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Lillian Lien
- Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Santos JRU, Brofferio A, Viana B, Pacak K. Catecholamine-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Pheochromocytoma: How to Manage a Rare Complication in a Rare Disease? Horm Metab Res 2019; 51:458-469. [PMID: 30227459 PMCID: PMC7451409 DOI: 10.1055/a-0669-9556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PHEOs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors. Clinical manifestations include different cardiovascular signs and symptoms, which are related to excessive secretion of catecholamines. Catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy in PHEO (CICMPP) is a rare but dreaded complication of PHEO. Once patient is diagnosed with this condition, the prognosis is worse and a surgical risk is much higher than expected. This article focuses on how catecholamines affect the heart and the pathophysiologic mechanism of CICMPP. The cardiovascular responses to catecholamine depend mostly on which catecholamine is released as well as the amount of catecholamine that is released. The acute release of norepinephrine and epinephrine from PHEO increases heart rate, systemic vascular resistance, myocardial contractility, and reduces venous compliance. The excessive adrenergic stimulation by catecholamine results in severe vasoconstriction and coronary vasospasm, myocardial ischemia, and subsequently damage, and necrosis. Chronically elevated catecholamine levels lead to significant desensitization of cardiac β-adrenoceptors. The increased levels of the enzyme β-adrenoceptors kinase (βARK) in the heart seems to mediate these biochemical and physiological changes that are consistently correlated with attenuated responsiveness to catecholamine stimulation. Through these mechanisms different types of cardiomyopathy (CMP) can be formed. This review discusses extensively the 3 types of cardiomyopathies that can be present in a PHEO patient. It also provides the clinical presentation and diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm in managing patients with CICMPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenn Rachelle U. Santos
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
- University of Santo Tomas Hospital, España Boulevard, Manila, Philippines
| | - Alessandra Brofferio
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bruna Viana
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karel Pacak
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Bode K, Whittaker P, Lucas J, Müssigbrodt A, Hindricks G, Richter S, Doering M. Deep sedation for transvenous lead extraction: a large single-centre experience. Europace 2019; 21:1246-1253. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Transvenous lead extraction for cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) is of growing importance. Nevertheless, the optimal anaesthetic approach, general anaesthesia vs. deep sedation (DS), remains unresolved. We describe our tertiary centre experience of the feasibility and safety of DS.
Methods and results
Extraction procedures were performed in the electrophysiology (EP) laboratory by two experienced electrophysiologists. We used intravenous Fentanyl, Midazolam, and Propofol for DS. A stepwise approach with locking stylets, dilator sheaths, and mechanical sheaths via subclavian, femoral, or internal jugular venous access was utilized. Patient characteristics and procedural data were collected. Logistic regression models were used to identify parameters associated with sedation-related complications. Extraction of 476 leads (dwelling time/patient 88 ± 49 months, 30% ICD leads) was performed in 220 patients (64 ± 17 years, 80% male). Deep sedation was initiated with bolus administration of Fentanyl, Midazolam, and Propofol; mean doses 0.34 ± 0.12 μg/kg, 24.3 ± 6.8 μg/kg, and 0.26 ± 0.13 mg/kg, respectively. Deep sedation was maintained with continuous Propofol infusion (initial dose 3.7 ± 1.1 mg/kg/h; subsequently increased to 4.7 ± 1.2 mg/kg/h with 3.9 ± 2.6 adjustments) and boluses of Midazolam and Fentanyl as indicated. Sedation-related episodes of hypotension, requiring vasopressors, and hypoxia, requiring additional airway management, occurred in 25 (11.4%) and 5 (2.3%) patients, respectively. These were managed without adverse consequences. Five patients (2.3%) experienced major intraprocedural complications; there were no procedure-related deaths. All of our logistic regression models indicated intraprocedural support was associated with administration higher Fentanyl doses.
Conclusion
Transvenous lead extraction under DS in the EP laboratory is a safe procedure with high success rates when performed by experienced staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Bode
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Whittaker
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Johannes Lucas
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Müssigbrodt
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hindricks
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sergio Richter
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Doering
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Struempellstrasse 39, Leipzig, Germany
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Dhalla NS, Ganguly PK, Bhullar SK, Tappia PS. Role of catecholamines in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:815-819. [PMID: 30913398 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of cardiac function, the overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system under stressful conditions including diabetes has been shown to result in the excessive production of circulating catecholamines as well as an increase in the myocardial concentration of catecholamines. In this brief review, we provide some evidence to suggest that the oxidation products of catecholamines such as aminochrome and oxyradicals, lead to metabolic derangements, Ca2+-handling abnormalities, increase in the availability of intracellular free Ca2+, as well as activation of proteases and changes in myocardial gene expression. These alterations due to elevated levels of circulatory catecholamines are associated with oxidative stress, subcellular remodeling, and the development of cardiac dysfunction in chronic diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naranjan S Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Pallab K Ganguly
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sukhwinder K Bhullar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Paramjit S Tappia
- Asper Clinical Research Institute, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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Jansová H, Šimůnek T. Cardioprotective Potential of Iron Chelators and Prochelators. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:288-301. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170920155439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart is a particularly sensitive organ to iron overload and cardiomyopathy due to the excessive cardiac iron deposition causes most deaths in disorders such as beta-thalassemia major. Free or loosely bound iron ions readily cycle between ferrous and ferric states and catalyze Haber-Weiss reaction that yields highly reactive and toxic hydroxyl radicals. Treatment with iron chelators (desferrioxamine, deferiprone, and deferasirox) substantially improved cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in iron overloaded patients. Furthermore, iron chelators have been studied in various cardiovascular disorders with known or presumed oxidative stress roles (e.g., ischemia/reperfusion injury) also in patients with normal body iron contents. The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of these chelators are critical for effective therapy. For example, the widely clinically used but hydrophilic chelator desferrioxamine suffers from poor plasma membrane permeability, which means that high and clinically unachievable concentrations/doses must be employed to obtain cardioprotection. Therefore, small-molecular and lipophilic chelators with oral availability are more suitable for this purpose, particularly in states without systemic iron overload. Apart from agents that are already used in clinical practice, aroylhydrazone iron chelators, namely salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH), have provided promising results. However, the use of classical iron-chelating agents is associated with a risk of toxicity due to indiscriminate iron depletion. Recent studies have therefore focused on "masked" prochelators that have little or no affinity for iron until site-specific activation by reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Jansová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáś Šimůnek
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Awodele O, Badru WA, Busari AA, Kale OE, Ajayi TB, Udeh RO, Emeka PM. Toxicological evaluation of therapeutic and supra-therapeutic doses of Cellgevity® on reproductive function and biochemical indices in Wistar rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 19:68. [PMID: 30359320 PMCID: PMC6202817 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-018-0253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The misconception about dietary supplements being safe has led many into the in-patient wards. Cellgevity® (CGV) is a Max International premiere antioxidant supplement formula used by a large population. This study evaluated the effects of therapeutic and supra-therapeutic doses of CGV on reproductive function and biochemical indices in Wistar rats. METHODS Seventy-two Wistar rats weighing 130 ± 15.8 g were grouped into two categories (male or female) of six rats per group. Control group received distilled water (10 ml/kg). Others received therapeutic (14.3 mg/kg or 28.6 mg/kg) and supra-therapeutic CGV doses (1000, 2000 or 3000 mg/kg) body weight per oral respectively. RESULTS After 60 days, supra-therapeutic doses of CGV reduced sperm motility (p < 0.05) by 31.8%, 31.3% and 34.5% respectively and increased (p < 0.05) abnormality in sperms by 200%, 241% and 141.3% respectively. CGV altered male (luteinizing, follicle stimulating hormones and testosterone) and female reproductive hormones (luteinizing, follicle stimulating hormones estrogen and progesterone) respectively. Therapeutic doses of CGV elevated reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase, although, this was exceeded by supra-therapeutic doses and more in females than male rats. Supra-therapeutic dose (3000 mg/kg CGV) decreased body weight in both male and female rats by 50% (F(1.5, 30) = 1.2, p = 0.041) and 62.7% (F(2.1, 30) = 0.38, p = 0.038) respectively in treated rats. Supratherapeutic (3000 mg/kg) dose of CGV increased (p < 0.05) creatinine level by 99.1% while serum total protein was reduced (p < 0.05) by 60.1% (2000 mg/kg) and 57.2% (3000 mg/kg) respectively in male animals. In Female rats, supra-therapeutic doses of CGV elevated creatinine levels by 72.2% (1000 mg/kg), 60.2% (2000 mg/kg) and 124.8% (3000 mg/kg) respectively and 3000 mg/kg produces elevated serum low density lipoprotein by 34.6% in treated rats. Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, alkaline phosphatase were unaltered by CGV dosing. Histology shows seminiferous tubules with reduced spermatogenic cells. Also, female rat kidney revealed acute tubular necrosis at highest dose used in this study. CONCLUSION Overall, these data suggest that pro-oxidant potential of the supra-therapeutic CGV doses is evident. Hence, it is necessary that its administration be done with caution using appropriate doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Awodele
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba Campus, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - W A Badru
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba Campus, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - A A Busari
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba Campus, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O E Kale
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba Campus, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T B Ajayi
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba Campus, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - R O Udeh
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Idi-Araba Campus, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - P M Emeka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, King Faisal University Hofuf, Hofuf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Jansová H, Kubeš J, Reimerová P, Štěrbová-Kovaříková P, Roh J, Šimůnek T. 2,6-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde Analogues of the Iron Chelator Salicylaldehyde Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone: Increased Hydrolytic Stability and Cytoprotective Activity against Oxidative Stress. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:1151-1163. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Jansová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubeš
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Reimerová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Štěrbová-Kovaříková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Pixantrone, a new anticancer drug with the same old cardiac problems? An in vitro study with differentiated and non-differentiated H9c2 cells. Interdiscip Toxicol 2018; 11:13-21. [PMID: 30181708 PMCID: PMC6117818 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2018-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pixantrone (PIX) is an anticancer drug approved for the treatment of multiple relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is an aza-anthracenedione synthesized to have the same anticancer activity as its predecessors, anthracyclines (e.g. doxorubicin) and anthracenediones (e.g. mitoxantrone), with lower cardiotoxicity. However, published data regarding its possible cardiotoxicity are scarce. Therefore, this work aimed to assess the potential cytotoxicity of PIX, at clinically relevant concentrations (0.1; 1; and 10 μM) in both non-differentiated and 7-day differentiated H9c2 cells. Cells were exposed to PIX for 48 h and cytotoxicity was evaluated through phase contrast microscopy, Hoescht staining and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction and neutral red (NR) uptake assays. Cytotoxicity was observed in differentiated and non-differentiated H9c2 cells, with detached cells and round cells evidenced by phase contrast microscopy, mainly at the highest concentration tested (10 μM). In the Hoechst staining, PIX 10 μM showed a marked decrease in the number of cells when compared to control but with no signs of nuclear condensation. Furthermore, significant concentration-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction was observed through the MTT reduction assay. The NR assay showed similar results to those obtained in the MTT reduction assay in both differentiated and non-differentiated H9c2 cells. The differentiation state of the cells was not crucial to PIX effects, although PIX toxicity was slightly higher in differentiated H9c2 cells. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first in vitro study performed with PIX in H9c2 cells and it discloses worrying cytotoxicity at clinically relevant concentrations.
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Mladěnka P, Applová L, Patočka J, Costa VM, Remiao F, Pourová J, Mladěnka A, Karlíčková J, Jahodář L, Vopršalová M, Varner KJ, Štěrba M. Comprehensive review of cardiovascular toxicity of drugs and related agents. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1332-1403. [PMID: 29315692 PMCID: PMC6033155 DOI: 10.1002/med.21476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most developed countries of the world. Pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, and toxins can significantly contribute to the overall cardiovascular burden and thus deserve attention. The present article is a systematic overview of drugs that may induce distinct cardiovascular toxicity. The compounds are classified into agents that have significant effects on the heart, blood vessels, or both. The mechanism(s) of toxic action are discussed and treatment modalities are briefly mentioned in relevant cases. Due to the large number of clinically relevant compounds discussed, this article could be of interest to a broad audience including pharmacologists and toxicologists, pharmacists, physicians, and medicinal chemists. Particular emphasis is given to clinically relevant topics including the cardiovascular toxicity of illicit sympathomimetic drugs (e.g., cocaine, amphetamines, cathinones), drugs that prolong the QT interval, antidysrhythmic drugs, digoxin and other cardioactive steroids, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, female hormones, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, and anticancer compounds encompassing anthracyclines and novel targeted therapy interfering with the HER2 or the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéCharles UniversityHradec KrálovéCzech Republic
| | - Lenka Applová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéCharles UniversityHradec KrálovéCzech Republic
| | - Jiří Patočka
- Department of Radiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health and Social StudiesUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
- Biomedical Research CentreUniversity HospitalHradec KraloveCzech Republic
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Fernando Remiao
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Jana Pourová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéCharles UniversityHradec KrálovéCzech Republic
| | - Aleš Mladěnka
- Oncogynaecologic Center, Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsUniversity HospitalOstravaCzech Republic
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéCharles UniversityHradec KrálovéCzech Republic
| | - Luděk Jahodář
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéCharles UniversityHradec KrálovéCzech Republic
| | - Marie Vopršalová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéCharles UniversityHradec KrálovéCzech Republic
| | - Kurt J. Varner
- Department of PharmacologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLAUSA
| | - Martin Štěrba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec KrálovéCharles UniversityHradec KrálovéCzech Republic
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Feio-Azevedo R, Costa VM, Barbosa DJ, Teixeira-Gomes A, Pita I, Gomes S, Pereira FC, Duarte-Araújo M, Duarte JA, Marques F, Fernandes E, Bastos ML, Carvalho F, Capela JP. Aged rats are more vulnerable than adolescents to “ecstasy”-induced toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2275-2295. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Martins MJ, Roque Bravo R, Enea M, Carmo H, Carvalho F, Bastos MDL, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Dias da Silva D. Ethanol addictively enhances the in vitro cardiotoxicity of cocaine through oxidative damage, energetic deregulation, and apoptosis. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2311-2325. [PMID: 29846769 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine (COC) is frequently consumed in polydrug abuse settings, and ethanol (EtOH) is the most prominent co-abused substance. Clinical data and experimental evidence suggest that the co-administration of COC with EtOH can be more cardiotoxic than EtOH or COC alone, but information on the molecular pathways involved is scarce. Since these data are crucial to potentiate the identification of therapeutic targets to treat intoxications, we sought to (i) elucidate the type of interaction that occurs between both substances, and (ii) assess the mechanisms implicated in the cardiotoxic effects elicited by COC combined with EtOH. For this purpose, H9c2 cardiomyocytes were exposed to COC (104 µM-6.5 mM) and EtOH (977 µM-4 M), individually or combined at a molar ratio based on blood concentrations of intoxicated abusers (COC 1: EtOH 9; 206 µM-110 mM). After 24 h, cell metabolic viability was recorded by the MTT assay and mixture toxicity expectations were calculated using the independent action (IA) and concentration addition (CA) models. EtOH (EC50 305.26 mM) proved to act additively with COC (EC50 2.60 mM) to significantly increase the drug in vitro cardiotoxicity, even when both substances were combined at individually non-cytotoxic concentrations. Experimental mixture testing (EC50 19.18 ± 3.36 mM) demonstrated that the cardiotoxicity was fairly similar to that predicted by IA (EC50 22.95 mM) and CA (EC50 21.75 mM), supporting additivity. Concentration-dependent increases of intracellular ROS/RNS and GSSG, depletion of GSH and ATP, along with mitochondrial hyperpolarization and activation of intrinsic, extrinsic, and common apoptosis pathways were observed both for single and combined exposures. In general, the mixture exhibited a toxicological profile that mechanistically did not deviate from the single drugs, suggesting that interventions such as antioxidant administration might aid in the clinical treatment of this type of polydrug intoxication. In a clinical perspective, the observed additive mixture effect may reflect the increased hazards at which users of this combination are exposed to in recreational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Martins
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Rita Roque Bravo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Maria Enea
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Helena Carmo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal.,IINFACTS, Department of Sciences, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal.,Department of Public Health, Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Dias da Silva
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal. .,IINFACTS, Department of Sciences, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal.
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Methylphenidate clinically oral doses improved brain and heart glutathione redox status and evoked renal and cardiac tissue injury in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:551-563. [PMID: 29482048 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is a first-line stimulant drug to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Overdiagnosis of ADHD and MPH abuse lead to serious concerns about the possible long-term adverse consequences of MPH in healthy children and adolescents. We aimed to evaluate MPH effects in adolescent male Wistar rats (postnatal day 40) using an oral dose scheme (2 daily MPH doses 5 mg/kg in a 5% sucrose solution, 5 h apart, for 7 days) that mimics the therapeutic doses given to human adolescents. Twenty-four hours after the last MPH administration, rats were sacrificed and brain areas [cerebellum, prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and striatum], peripheral organs (liver, heart, and kidneys), and blood were collected for biochemical and histological analysis. MPH treatment did not alter rats' body temperature or weight, neither food or water intake throughout the experiment. The ratio of reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) significantly increased in the PFC and hippocampus of MPH-treated rats, meanwhile protein carbonylation remained unchanged in the brain. In the heart, the GSH/GSSG ratio and GSH levels were significantly increased, with decreased GSSG, while histology revealed significant damage, namely interstitial edema, vascular congestion, and presence of a fibrin-like material in the interstitial space. In the kidneys, MPH treatment resulted in extensive necrotic areas with cellular disorganization and cell infiltration, and immunohistochemistry analysis revealed a marked activation of nuclear factor-ĸB. This study showed that clinically relevant oral MPH doses improve the GSH redox status in the brain and heart, but evoke heart and kidney tissue damage to adolescent rats.
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Owoicho Orgah J, Wang M, Yang X, Wang Z, Wang D, Zhang Q, Fan G, Han J, Qin G, Gao X, Zhu Y. Danhong Injection Protects Against Hypertension-Induced Renal Injury Via Down-Regulation of Myoglobin Expression in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Kidney Blood Press Res 2018; 43:12-24. [PMID: 29393225 DOI: 10.1159/000486735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS High blood pressure is a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Currently, single-target anti-hypertensive drugs are not designed for high blood pressure-related organ damages. Danhong injection (DHI), made from the aqueous extracts of Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae and Flos Carthamus tinctorius, has various pharmacological effects, including BP lowering in SHR, mediated by the reduction of vascular remodeling and the up-regulation of Kallikrein-kinin system published recently by our team, yet if it renders renal protection remains unknown. The current study demonstrated a protective role of DHI in renal injury caused by hypertension and identified its molecular targets in the kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS Adult SHR and age/gender-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with DHI, Losartan, or saline for 4 weeks. Serum levels of Creatinine (CRE), Micro-albumin (mAlb), Beta2-microglobulin (β2-MG), and Uric acid (UA) were detected using ELISA kits. Renal pathology was examined by hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stains. Microarray analysis was performed on kidney tissues, and gene expression changes were validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analyses. RESULTS Renal histopathological scores showed that SHR exhibited serious kidney injury compared to normotensive WKY rats. The intervention with DHI potently suppressed the renal injury biomarker (KIM-1) and kidney lesions compared to the untreated hypertensive subjects. Microarray analysis revealed that among the 124 genes that were differentially expressed by DHI treatment in SHR kidney, down-regulation of renal myoglobin (Mb) gene was the most prominent and was subsequently confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. CONCLUSION Hypertension-induced renal injury in SHR may be alleviated by DHI in part by local suppression of Kidney injury molecule-1 and down-regulation of Myoglobin. However, if this effect is independent of the known anti-hypertensive action of DHI in blood vessel remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Owoicho Orgah
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohu Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jihong Han
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gangjian Qin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine & School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
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46
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Chapel DB, Husain AN. Acute-onset heart failure secondary to long-standing abuse of alcohol, cocaine, and marijuana. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847318770726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute-onset heart failure in a young, otherwise healthy patient can be due to either acquired or congenital etiologies. While some diagnoses carry specific histologic hallmarks, many causes of myocardial injury culminate in the relatively nonspecific morphologic pattern of dilated cardiomyopathy. In such cases, a broad differential diagnosis and close clinicopathologic correlation are essential. Here we describe the acute and chronic histologic features of heart failure arising in the context of long-standing abuse of cocaine, alcohol, and marijuana. The mechanisms of cardiotoxicity are discussed for each drug, with particular emphasis on the amplified cardiac injury caused by concomitant cocaine and alcohol use. Although its histologic features are themselves nonspecific, correlation with clinical history, targeted studies to exclude alternative diagnoses, and careful morphologic examination permit confident diagnosis of cardiomyopathy secondary to polysubstance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Chapel
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aliya N Husain
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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47
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Patzelt J, Ulrich M, Magunia H, Sauter R, Droppa M, Jorbenadze R, Becker AS, Walker T, von Bardeleben RS, Grasshoff C, Rosenberger P, Gawaz M, Seizer P, Langer HF. Comparison of Deep Sedation With General Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.007485. [PMID: 29197832 PMCID: PMC5779052 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (PMVR) has become an established treatment option for mitral regurgitation in patients not eligible for surgical repair. Currently, most procedures are performed under general anesthesia (GA). An increasing number of centers, however, are performing the procedure under deep sedation (DS). Here, we compared patients undergoing PMVR with GA or DS. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 271 consecutive patients underwent PMVR at our institution between May 2014 and December 2016. Seventy-two procedures were performed under GA and 199 procedures under DS. We observed that in the DS group, doses of propofol (743±228 mg for GA versus 369±230 mg for DS, P<0.001) and norepinephrine (1.1±1.6 mg for GA versus 0.2±0.3 mg for DS, P<0.001) were significantly lower. Procedure time, fluoroscopy time, and dose area product were significantly higher in the GA group. There was no significant difference between GA and DS with respect to overall bleeding complications, postinterventional pneumonia (4% for GA versus 5% for DS), or C-reactive protein levels (361±351 nmol/L for GA versus 278±239 nmol/L for DS). Significantly fewer patients with DS needed a postinterventional stay in the intensive care unit (96% for GA versus 19% for DS, P<0.001). Importantly, there was no significant difference between DS and GA regarding intrahospital or 6-month mortality. CONCLUSIONS DS for PMVR is safe and feasible. No disadvantages with respect to procedural outcome or complications in comparison to GA were observed. Applying DS may simplify the PMVR procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Patzelt
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Miriam Ulrich
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Harry Magunia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Sauter
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michal Droppa
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rezo Jorbenadze
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Annika S Becker
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Walker
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Grasshoff
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rosenberger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter Seizer
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Harald F Langer
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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48
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Abstract
Neurocardiology is an emerging specialty that addresses the interaction between the brain and the heart, that is, the effects of cardiac injury on the brain and the effects of brain injury on the heart. This review article focuses on cardiac dysfunction in the setting of stroke such as ischemic stroke, brain hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The majority of post-stroke deaths are attributed to neurological damage, and cardiovascular complications are the second leading cause of post-stroke mortality. Accumulating clinical and experimental evidence suggests a causal relationship between brain damage and heart dysfunction. Thus, it is important to determine whether cardiac dysfunction is triggered by stroke, is an unrelated complication, or is the underlying cause of stroke. Stroke-induced cardiac damage may lead to fatality or potentially lifelong cardiac problems (such as heart failure), or to mild and recoverable damage such as neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. The role of location and lateralization of brain lesions after stroke in brain-heart interaction; clinical biomarkers and manifestations of cardiac complications; and underlying mechanisms of brain-heart interaction after stroke, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; catecholamine surge; sympathetic and parasympathetic regulation; microvesicles; microRNAs; gut microbiome, immunoresponse, and systemic inflammation, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Chen
- From the Gerontology and Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (Z.C., T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (P.V., D.S., M.C., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Poornima Venkat
- From the Gerontology and Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (Z.C., T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (P.V., D.S., M.C., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Don Seyfried
- From the Gerontology and Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (Z.C., T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (P.V., D.S., M.C., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Michael Chopp
- From the Gerontology and Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (Z.C., T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (P.V., D.S., M.C., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Tao Yan
- From the Gerontology and Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (Z.C., T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (P.V., D.S., M.C., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
| | - Jieli Chen
- From the Gerontology and Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (Z.C., T.Y., J.C.); Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (P.V., D.S., M.C., J.C.); and Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.).
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Panieri E, Millia C, Santoro MM. Real-time quantification of subcellular H 2O 2 and glutathione redox potential in living cardiovascular tissues. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:189-200. [PMID: 28192232 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Detecting and measuring the dynamic redox events that occur in vivo is a prerequisite for understanding the impact of oxidants and redox events in normal and pathological conditions. These aspects are particularly relevant in cardiovascular tissues wherein alterations of the redox balance are associated with stroke, aging, and pharmacological intervention. An ambiguous aspect of redox biology is how redox events occur in subcellular organelles including mitochondria, and nuclei. Genetically-encoded Rogfp2 fluorescent probes have become powerful tools for real-time detection of redox events. These probes detect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and glutathione redox potential (EGSH), both with high spatiotemporal resolution. By generating novel transgenic (Tg) zebrafish lines that express compartment-specific Rogfp2-Orp1 and Grx1-Rogfp2 sensors we analyzed cytosolic, mitochondrial, and the nuclear redox state of endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes of living zebrafish embryos. We provide evidence for the usefulness of these Tg lines for pharmacological compounds screening by addressing the blocking of pentose phosphate pathways (PPP) and glutathione synthesis, thus altering subcellular redox state in vivo. Rogfp2-based transgenic zebrafish lines represent valuable tools to characterize the impact of redox changes in living tissues and offer new opportunities for studying metabolic driven antioxidant response in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Carlo Millia
- Laboratory of Endothelial Molecular Biology, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, VIB-KUL, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy; Laboratory of Endothelial Molecular Biology, Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, VIB-KUL, Leuven, Belgium.
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50
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Cardiovascular Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Cocaine: Biomarkers and Possible Beneficial Effects of Modulators of Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3034245. [PMID: 28593024 PMCID: PMC5448156 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3034245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine abuse has long been known to cause morbidity and mortality due to its cardiovascular toxic effects. The pathogenesis of the cardiovascular toxicity of cocaine use has been largely reviewed, and the most recent data indicate a fundamental role of oxidative stress in cocaine-induced cardiovascular toxicity, indicating that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the mechanisms of oxidative stress. The comprehension of the mechanisms involving mitochondrial dysfunction could help in selecting the most appropriate mitochondria injury biological marker, such as superoxide dismutase-2 activity and glutathionylated hemoglobin. The potential use of modulators of oxidative stress (mitoubiquinone, the short-chain quinone idebenone, and allopurinol) in the treatment of cocaine cardiotoxic effects is also suggested to promote further investigations on these potential mitochondria-targeted antioxidant strategies.
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