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De Mel J, Hossain M, Shofolawe-Bakare O, Mohammad SA, Rasmussen E, Milloy K, Shields M, Roth EW, Arora K, Cueto R, Tang SC, Wilson JT, Smith AE, Werfel TA. Dual-Responsive Glycopolymers for Intracellular Codelivery of Antigen and Lipophilic Adjuvants. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4705-4716. [PMID: 36374992 PMCID: PMC10013197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditional approaches to vaccines use whole organisms to trigger an immune response, but they do not typically generate robust cellular-mediated immunity and have various safety risks. Subunit vaccines composed of proteins and/or peptides represent an attractive and safe alternative to whole organism vaccines, but they are poorly immunogenic. Though there are biological reasons for the poor immunogenicity of proteins and peptides, one other key to their relative lack of immunogenicity could be attributed to the poor pharmacokinetic properties of exogenously delivered proteins and peptides. For instance, peptides often aggregate at the site of injection and are not stable in biological fluids, proteins and peptides are rapidly cleared from circulation, and both have poor cellular internalization and endosomal escape. Herein, we developed a delivery system to address the lack of protein immunogenicity by overcoming delivery barriers as well as codelivering immune-stimulating adjuvants. The glycopolymeric nanoparticles (glycoNPs) are composed of a dual-stimuli-responsive block glycopolymer, poly[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate]-b-poly[(pyridyl disulfide ethyl methacrylate)-co-(methacrylamidoglucopyranose)] (p[DPA-b-(PDSMA-co-MAG)]). This polymer facilitates protein conjugation and cytosolic release, the pH-responsive release of lipophilic adjuvants, and pH-dependent membrane disruption to ensure cytosolic delivery of antigens. We synthesized p[DPA-b-(PDSMA-co-MAG)] by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, followed by the formation and physicochemical characterization of glycoNPs using the p[DPA-b-(PDSMA-co-MAG)] building blocks. These glycoNPs conjugated the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and released OVA in response to elevated glutathione levels. Moreover, the glycoNPs displayed pH-dependent drug release of the model hydrophobic drug Nile Red while also exhibiting pH-responsive endosomolytic behavior as indicated by a red blood cell hemolysis assay. GlycoNPs coloaded with OVA and the toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR-7/8) agonist Resiquimod (R848) activated DC 2.4 dendritic cells (DCs) significantly more than free OVA and R848 and led to robust antigen presentation of the OVA epitope SIINFEKL on major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I). In sum, the dual-stimuli-responsive glycopolymer introduced here overcomes major protein and peptide delivery barriers and could vastly improve the immunogenicity of protein-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith De Mel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Mehjabeen Hossain
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Oluwaseyi Shofolawe-Bakare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Sk Arif Mohammad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Emily Rasmussen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Khadeeja Milloy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Micaela Shields
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Eric W Roth
- Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, United States
| | - Karan Arora
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Rafael Cueto
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Shou-Ching Tang
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, United States
| | - John T Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Adam E Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Thomas A Werfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, United States
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Cholenic acid derivative UniPR1331 impairs tumor angiogenesis via blockade of VEGF/VEGFR2 in addition to Eph/ephrin. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:908-917. [PMID: 34426652 PMCID: PMC9293752 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones, is crucial for tumor growth and metastatization, and is considered a promising therapeutic target. Unfortunately, drugs directed against a specific proangiogenic growth factor or receptor turned out to be of limited benefit for oncology patients, likely due to the high biochemical redundancy of the neovascularization process. In this scenario, multitarget compounds that are able to simultaneously tackle different proangiogenic pathways are eagerly awaited. UniPR1331 is a 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-cholenic acid derivative, which is already known to inhibit Eph-ephrin interaction. Here, we employed an analysis pipeline consisting of molecular modeling and simulation, surface plasmon resonance spectrometry, biochemical assays, and endothelial cell models to demonstrate that UniPR1331 directly interacts with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) too. The binding of UniPR1331 to VEGFR2 prevents its interaction with the natural ligand vascular endothelial growth factor and subsequent autophosphorylation, signal transduction, and in vitro proangiogenic activation of endothelial cells. In vivo, UniPR1331 inhibits tumor cell-driven angiogenesis in zebrafish. Taken together, these data shed light on the pleiotropic pharmacological effect of UniPR1331, and point to Δ5-cholenic acid as a promising molecular scaffold for the development of multitarget antiangiogenic compounds.
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Morgan E, Gamble JT, Pearce MC, Elson DJ, Tanguay RL, Kolluri SK, Reich NO. Improved in vivo targeting of BCL-2 phenotypic conversion through hollow gold nanoshell delivery. Apoptosis 2020; 24:529-537. [PMID: 30879165 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-019-01531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although new cancer therapeutics are discovered at a rapid pace, lack of effective means of delivery and cancer chemoresistance thwart many of the promising therapeutics. We demonstrate a method that confronts both of these issues with the light-activated delivery of a Bcl-2 functional converting peptide, NuBCP-9, using hollow gold nanoshells. This approach has shown not only to increase the efficacy of the peptide 30-fold in vitro but also has shown to reduce paclitaxel resistant H460 lung xenograft tumor growth by 56.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Morgan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - John T Gamble
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Martin C Pearce
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Daniel J Elson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Siva Kumar Kolluri
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Norbert O Reich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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Wu P, Luo X, Wu H, Zhang Q, Wang K, Sun M, Oupicky D. Combined Hydrophobization of Polyethylenimine with Cholesterol and Perfluorobutyrate Improves siRNA Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:698-707. [PMID: 31967460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a promising delivery vector of nucleic acids, but cytotoxicity and only moderate transfection efficacy with small RNAs limit its applications. Here we hypothesized that hydrophobization of PEI by combined modification with perfluorinated moieties (F) and cholesterol (Ch) will help in addressing both the cytotoxicity and siRNA delivery efficacy. To test the hypothesis, we synthesized a series of copolymers (F-PEI-Ch) by modifying PEI by reaction with heptafluorobutyric anhydride and cholesteryl chloroformate. We investigated and compared the effect of the modifications on siRNA delivery in vitro and in vivo. We found that the F-PEI-Ch copolymers assembled into micellar structures and that the copolymer with the highest Ch content exhibited the best siRNA delivery performance, including lower cytotoxicity, enhanced cell uptake, improved endosomal escape, and the best siRNA silencing efficacy in vitro and in vivo when compared with control PEI, F-PEI, and PEI-Ch. Overall, hydrophobization of PEI with a combination of cholesterol and superhydrophobic perfluorinated moieties represents a promising approach to the design of siRNA delivery vectors with decreased toxicity and enhanced transfection efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Xinping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qingyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kaikai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Minjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - David Oupicky
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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Gaston J, Maestrali N, Lalle G, Gagnaire M, Masiero A, Dumas B, Dabdoubi T, Radošević K, Berne PF. Intracellular delivery of therapeutic antibodies into specific cells using antibody-peptide fusions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18688. [PMID: 31822703 PMCID: PMC6904672 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their favorable properties as macromolecular drugs, antibodies are a very successful therapeutic modality for interfering with disease-relevant targets in the extracellular space or at the cell membrane. However, a large number of diseases involve cytosolic targets and designing antibodies able to efficiently reach intracellular compartments would expand the antibody-tractable conditions. Here, we genetically fused cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) at various positions to an antibody targeting cancer cells, evaluated the developability features of the resulting antibody-peptide fusions and the ability of selected constructs to reach the cytosol. We first determined positions in the IgG structure that were permissive to CPP incorporation without destabilizing the antibody. Fusing CPPs to the C-terminus of the light chain and either before or after the hinge had the least effect on antibody developability features. These constructs were further evaluated for cell penetration efficiency. Two out of five tested CPPs significantly enhanced antibody penetration into the cytosol, in particular when fused before or after the hinge. Finally, we demonstrate that specific antibody binding to the cell surface target is necessary for efficient cell penetration of the CPP-antibody fusions. This study provides a solid basis for further exploration of therapeutic antibodies for intracellular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gaston
- Yubsis, 4 rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000, Evry, France
| | - Nicolas Maestrali
- Sanofi R&D, Biologics Research, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Guilhem Lalle
- Department of Immunology, Virology and Inflammation, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Labex DEVweCAN, 693743, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Gagnaire
- Sanofi R&D, Biologics Research, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Alessandro Masiero
- Sanofi R&D, Biologics Research, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bruno Dumas
- Sanofi R&D, Biologics Research, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Tarik Dabdoubi
- Sanofi R&D, Biologics Research, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Katarina Radošević
- Sanofi R&D, Biologics Research, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94400, Vitry-sur-Seine, France.
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Morgan E, Doh J, Beatty K, Reich N. VIPER nano: Improved Live Cell Intracellular Protein Tracking. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:36383-36390. [PMID: 31545582 PMCID: PMC7351371 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tracking intracellular proteins in live cells has many challenges. The most widely used method, fluorescent protein fusions, can track proteins in their native cellular environment and has led to significant discoveries in cell biology. Fusion proteins add steric bulk to the target protein and can negatively affect native protein function. The use of exogenous probes such as antibodies or protein labels is problematic because these cannot cross the plasma membrane on their own and thus cannot label intracellular targets in cells. We developed a labeling platform, VIPERnano, for live cell imaging of intracellular proteins using a peptide fusion tag (CoilE) to the protein of interest and delivery of a fluorescently labeled probe peptide (CoilR). CoilR and CoilE form an α-helical heterodimer with the protein of interest, rendering a labeled protein. Delivery of CoilR into the cell uses hollow gold nanoshells (HGNs) as the primary delivery vehicle. The technology relies on the conjugation and light-activated release of the CoilR peptide on the surface of the HGNs. We demonstrate light-activated VIPERnano delivery and labeling with two intracellular proteins, localized either in the mitochondria or the nucleus. This technology has the ability to study intracellular protein dynamics and spatial tracking while lessening the steric bulk of tags associated with the protein of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Morgan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93117, United States
| | - Julia Doh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Kimberly Beatty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Norbert Reich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93117, United States
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7
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Kilchrist KV, Dimobi SC, Jackson MA, Evans BC, Werfel TA, Dailing EA, Bedingfield SK, Kelly IB, Duvall CL. Gal8 Visualization of Endosome Disruption Predicts Carrier-Mediated Biologic Drug Intracellular Bioavailability. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1136-1152. [PMID: 30629431 PMCID: PMC6995262 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Endolysosome entrapment is one of the key barriers to the therapeutic use of biologic drugs that act intracellularly. The screening of prospective nanoscale endosome-disrupting delivery technologies is currently limited by methods that are indirect and cumbersome. Here, we statistically validate Galectin 8 (Gal8) intracellular tracking as a superior approach that is direct, quantitative, and predictive of therapeutic cargo intracellular bioactivity through in vitro high-throughput screening and in vivo validation. Gal8 is a cytosolically dispersed protein that, when endosomes are disrupted, redistributes by binding to glycosylation moieties selectively located on the inner face of endosomal membranes. The quantitative redistribution of a Gal8 fluorescent fusion protein from the cytosol into endosomes is demonstrated as a real-time, live-cell assessment of endosomal integrity that does not require labeling or modification of either the carrier or the biologic drug and that allows quantitative distinction between closely related, endosome-disruptive drug carriers. Through screening two families of siRNA polymeric carrier compositions at varying dosages, we show that Gal8 endosomal recruitment correlates strongly ( r = 0.95 and p < 10-4) with intracellular siRNA bioactivity. Through this screen, we gathered insights into how composition and molecular weight affect endosome disruption activity of poly[(ethylene glycol)- b-[(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)- co-(butyl methacrylate)]] [PEG-(DMAEMA- co-BMA)] siRNA delivery systems. Additional studies showed that Gal8 recruitment predicts intracellular bioactivity better than current standard methods such as Lysotracker colocalization ( r = 0.35, not significant), pH-dependent hemolysis (not significant), or cellular uptake ( r = 0.73 and p < 10-3). Importantly, the Gal8 recruitment method is also amenable to fully objective high-throughput screening using automated image acquisition and quantitative image analysis, with a robust estimated Z' of 0.6 (whereas assays with Z' > 0 have high-throughput screening utility). Finally, we also provide measurements of in vivo endosomal disruption based on Gal8 visualization ( p < 0.03) of a nanocarrier formulation confirmed to produce significant cytosolic delivery and bioactivity of siRNA within tumors ( p < 0.02). In sum, this report establishes the utility of Gal8 subcellular tracking for the rapid optimization and high-throughput screening of the endosome disruption potency of intracellular delivery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameron V. Kilchrist
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Somtochukwu C. Dimobi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Meredith A. Jackson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Brian C. Evans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | | | - Eric A. Dailing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Sean K. Bedingfield
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Isom B. Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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Jackson MA, Bedingfield SK, Yu F, Stokan ME, Miles RE, Curvino EJ, Hoogenboezem EN, Bonami RH, Patel SS, Kendall PL, Giorgio TD, Duvall CL. Dual carrier-cargo hydrophobization and charge ratio optimization improve the systemic circulation and safety of zwitterionic nano-polyplexes. Biomaterials 2019; 192:245-259. [PMID: 30458360 PMCID: PMC6534819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
While polymeric nano-formulations for RNAi therapeutics hold great promise for molecularly-targeted, personalized medicine, they possess significant systemic delivery challenges including rapid clearance from circulation and the potential for carrier-associated toxicity due to cationic polymer or lipid components. Herein, we evaluated the in vivo pharmacokinetic and safety impact of often-overlooked formulation parameters, including the ratio of carrier polymer to cargo siRNA and hydrophobic siRNA modification in combination with hydrophobic polymer components (dual hydrophobization). For these studies, we used nano-polyplexes (NPs) with well-shielded, zwitterionic coronas, resulting in various NP formulations of equivalent hydrodynamic size and neutral surface charge regardless of charge ratio. Doubling nano-polyplex charge ratio from 10 to 20 increased circulation half-life five-fold and pharmacokinetic area under the curve four-fold, but was also associated with increased liver enzymes, a marker of hepatic damage. Dual hydrophobization achieved by formulating NPs with palmitic acid-modified siRNA (siPA-NPs) both reduced the amount of carrier polymer required to achieve optimal pharmacokinetic profiles and abrogated liver toxicities. We also show that optimized zwitterionic siPA-NPs are well-tolerated upon long-term, repeated administration in mice and exhibit greater than two-fold increased uptake in orthotopic MDA-MB-231 xenografts compared to commercial transfection reagent, in vivo-jetPEI®. These data suggest that charge ratio optimization has important in vivo implications and that dual hydrophobization strategies can be used to maximize both NP circulation time and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Jackson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sean K Bedingfield
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mitchell E Stokan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel E Miles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Curvino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ella N Hoogenboezem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel H Bonami
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shrusti S Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peggy L Kendall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd D Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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9
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Roscoe I, Parker M, Dong D, Li X, Li Z. Human Serum Albumin and the p53-Derived Peptide Fusion Protein Promotes Cytotoxicity Irrespective of p53 Status in Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:5046-5057. [PMID: 30226785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xun Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
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10
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Pro-apoptotic peptides-based cancer therapies: challenges and strategies to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 41:594-616. [PMID: 29804279 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite many advances in the field of cancer therapy, an effective cure is yet to be found. As a more potent alternative for the conventional small molecule anti-cancer drugs, pro-apoptotic peptides have emerged as a new class of anticancer agents. By interaction with certain members in the apoptotic pathways, they could effectively kill tumor cells. However, there remain bottleneck challenges for clinical application of these pro-apoptotic peptides in cancer therapy. In this review, we will overview the developed pro-apoptotic peptides and outline the widely adopted molecular-based and nanoparticle-based strategies to enhance their anti-tumor effects.
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Mukalel AJ, Evans BC, Kilchrist KV, Dailing EA, Burdette B, Cheung-Flynn J, Brophy CM, Duvall CL. Excipients for the lyoprotection of MAPKAP kinase 2 inhibitory peptide nano-polyplexes. J Control Release 2018; 282:110-119. [PMID: 29709529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, excipients are investigated to ameliorate the deleterious effects of lyophilization on peptide-polymer nano-polyplex (NP) morphology, cellular uptake, and bioactivity. The NPs are a previously-described platform technology for intracellular peptide delivery and are formulated from a cationic therapeutic peptide and the anionic, pH-responsive, endosomolytic polymer poly(propylacrylic acid) (PPAA). These NPs are effective when formulated and immediately used for delivery into cells and tissue, but they are not amenable to reconstitution following storage as a lyophilized powder due to aggregation. To develop a lyophilized NP format that facilitates longer-term storage and ease of use, MAPKAP kinase 2 inhibitory peptide-based NPs (MK2i-NPs) were prepared in the presence of a range of concentrations of the excipients sucrose, trehalose, and lactosucrose prior to lyophilization and storage. All excipients improved particle morphology post-lyophilization and significantly improved MK2i-NP uptake in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells relative to lyophilized NPs without excipient. In particular, MK2i-NPs lyophilized with 300 mM lactosucrose as an excipient demonstrated a 5.23 fold increase in cellular uptake (p < 0.001), a 2.52 fold increase in endosomal disruption (p < 0.05), and a 2.39 fold increase in ex vivo bioactivity (p < 0.01) compared to MK2i-NPs lyophilized without excipients. In sum, these data suggest that addition of excipients, particularly lactosucrose, maintains and even improves the uptake and therapeutic efficacy of peptide-polymer NPs post-lyophilization relative to freshly-made formulations. Thus, the use of excipients as lyoprotectants is a promising approach for the long-term storage of biotherapeutic NPs and poises this NP platform for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin J Mukalel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, PMB351826, Nashville, TN 37235, United States.
| | - Brian C Evans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, PMB351826, Nashville, TN 37235, United States.
| | - Kameron V Kilchrist
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, PMB351826, Nashville, TN 37235, United States.
| | - Eric A Dailing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, PMB351826, Nashville, TN 37235, United States.
| | - Benjamin Burdette
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 383 TODD Building, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Joyce Cheung-Flynn
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D-5237 Medical Center North, 1161 22nd Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.
| | - Colleen M Brophy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D-5237 Medical Center North, 1161 22nd Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, 1310 24th Avenue, South, Nashville, TN 37212, United States.
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, PMB351826, Nashville, TN 37235, United States.
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Shuvaev VV, Kiseleva RY, Arguiri E, Villa CH, Muro S, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Stan RV, Muzykantov VR. Targeting superoxide dismutase to endothelial caveolae profoundly alleviates inflammation caused by endotoxin. J Control Release 2017; 272:1-8. [PMID: 29292038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators binding to Toll-Like receptors (TLR) induce an influx of superoxide anion in the ensuing endosomes. In endothelial cells, endosomal surplus of superoxide causes pro-inflammatory activation and TLR4 agonists act preferentially via caveolae-derived endosomes. To test the hypothesis that SOD delivery to caveolae may specifically inhibit this pathological pathway, we conjugated SOD with antibodies (Ab/SOD, size ~10nm) to plasmalemmal vesicle-associated protein (Plvap) that is specifically localized to endothelial caveolae in vivo and compared its effects to non-caveolar target CD31/PECAM-1. Plvap Ab/SOD bound to endothelial cells in culture with much lower efficacy than CD31 Ab/SOD, yet blocked the effects of LPS signaling with higher efficiency than CD31 Ab/SOD. Disruption of cholesterol-rich membrane domains by filipin inhibits Plvap Ab/SOD endocytosis and LPS signaling, implicating the caveolae-dependent pathway(s) in both processes. Both Ab/SOD conjugates targeted to Plvap and CD31 accumulated in the lungs after IV injection in mice, but the former more profoundly inhibited LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation and elevation of plasma level of interferon-beta and -gamma and interleukin-27. Taken together, these results indicate that targeted delivery of SOD to specific cellular compartments may offer effective, mechanistically precise interception of pro-inflammatory signaling mediated by reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics, Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Raisa Yu Kiseleva
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics, Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Evguenia Arguiri
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Carlos H Villa
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics, Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Silvia Muro
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Radu V Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics, Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Werfel TA, Jackson MA, Kavanaugh TE, Kirkbride KC, Miteva M, Giorgio TD, Duvall C. Combinatorial optimization of PEG architecture and hydrophobic content improves ternary siRNA polyplex stability, pharmacokinetics, and potency in vivo. J Control Release 2017; 255:12-26. [PMID: 28366646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A rationally-designed library of ternary siRNA polyplexes was developed and screened for gene silencing efficacy in vitro and in vivo with the goal of overcoming both cell-level and systemic delivery barriers. [2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (DMAEMA) was homopolymerized or copolymerized (50mol% each) with butyl methacrylate (BMA) from a reversible addition - fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) chain transfer agent, with and without pre-conjugation to polyethylene glycol (PEG). Both single block polymers were tested as core-forming units, and both PEGylated, diblock polymers were screened as corona-forming units. Ternary siRNA polyplexes were assembled with varied amounts and ratios of core-forming polymers to PEGylated corona-forming polymers. The impact of polymer composition/ratio, hydrophobe (BMA) placement, and surface PEGylation density was correlated to important outcomes such as polyplex size, stability, pH-dependent membrane disruptive activity, biocompatibility, and gene silencing efficiency. The lead formulation, DB4-PDB12, was optimally PEGylated not only to ensure colloidal stability (no change in size by DLS between 0 and 24h) and neutral surface charge (0.139mV) but also to maintain higher cell uptake (>90% positive cells) than the most densely PEGylated particles. The DB4-PDB12 polyplexes also incorporated BMA in both the polyplex core- and corona-forming polymers, resulting in robust endosomolysis and in vitro siRNA silencing (~85% protein level knockdown) of the model gene luciferase across multiple cell types. Further, the DB4-PDB12 polyplexes exhibited greater stability, increased blood circulation time, reduced renal clearance, increased tumor biodistribution, and greater silencing of luciferase compared to our previously-optimized, binary parent formulation following intravenous (i.v.) delivery. This polyplex library approach enabled concomitant optimization of the composition and ratio of core- and corona-forming polymers (indirectly tuning PEGylation density) and identification of a ternary nanomedicine optimized to overcome important siRNA delivery barriers in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Werfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Meredith A Jackson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Taylor E Kavanaugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kellye C Kirkbride
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martina Miteva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd D Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Craig Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA.
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14
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Fang Z, Wan LY, Chu LY, Zhang YQ, Wu JF. 'Smart' nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for applications in tumor therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1943-53. [PMID: 26193970 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1071352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the therapy of clinical diseases such as cancer, it is important to deliver drugs directly to tumor sites in order to maximize local drug concentration and reduce side effects. This objective may be realized by using 'smart' nanoparticles (NPs) as drug delivery systems, because they enable dramatic conformational changes in response to specific physical/chemical stimuli from the diseased cells for targeted and controlled drug release. AREAS COVERED In this review, we first briefly summarize the characteristics of 'smart' NPs as drug delivery systems in medical therapy, and then discuss their targeting transport, transmembrane and endosomal escape behaviors. Lastly, we focus on the applications of 'smart' NPs as drug delivery systems for tumor therapy. EXPERT OPINION Biodegradable 'smart' NPs have the potential to achieve maximum efficacy and drug availability at the desired sites, and reduce the harmful side effects for healthy tissues in tumor therapy. It is necessary to select appropriate NPs and modify their characteristics according to treatment strategies of tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Fang
- a 1 China Three Gorges University, Medical College , Yichang, Hubei 443002, China ;
| | - Lin-Yan Wan
- a 1 China Three Gorges University, Medical College , Yichang, Hubei 443002, China ; .,b 2 China Three Gorges University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy , Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Liang-Yin Chu
- c 3 Sichuan University, School of Chemical Engineering , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.,d 4 Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomaterials Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yan-Qiong Zhang
- a 1 China Three Gorges University, Medical College , Yichang, Hubei 443002, China ;
| | - Jiang-Feng Wu
- a 1 China Three Gorges University, Medical College , Yichang, Hubei 443002, China ; .,b 2 China Three Gorges University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy , Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
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15
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Bools LM, Fisher RK, Grandas OH, Kirkpatrick SS, Arnold JD, Goldman MH, Freeman MB, Mountain DJH. Comparative analysis of polymers for short interfering RNA delivery in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Surg Res 2015; 199:266-73. [PMID: 26272685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The use of short interfering RNA (siRNA) to degrade messenger RNA in the cell cytoplasm and transiently attenuate intracellular proteins shows promise in the inhibition of vascular pathogenesis. However, a critical obstacle for therapeutic application is a safe and effective delivery system. Biodegradable polymers are promising alternative molecular carriers for genetic material. Here, we aim to perform a comparative analysis of poly(B-amino ester) (PBAE) and polyethylenimine (PEI) polymers in their efficacy for vascular smooth muscle cell transfection using siRNA against the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) housekeeping gene as our test target. METHODS Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) were transfected in vitro with polymers conjugated to GAPDH or negative control (NC) siRNAs. Increasing siRNA:polymer ratios were tested for optimal transfection efficiency. DharmaFECT2 chemical transfection complexes were used for comparative analysis. Live/dead dual stain was used to measure cell viability, and GAPDH gene silencing was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction normalized to 18S. RESULTS The highest rate of PEI-mediated silencing was achieved with a 9μL polymer:220 pmol/mL siRNA conjugate (16 ± 2% expression versus NC; n = 6). Comparable PBAE-mediated silencing could be achieved with a 1.95μL polymer:100 pmol/mL siRNA conjugate (10 ± 1% expression versus NC; n = 5). Transfection using PEIs resulted in silencing equivalent to other methods but with less efficiency and increased cell toxicity at 24h polymer exposure. Decreasing PEI exposure time to 4 h resulted in similar silencing efficacy (21 ± 9% expression versus NC, n = 6) with an improved toxicity profile. CONCLUSIONS Polymeric bioconjugates transfected HASMCs in a manner similar to chemical complexes, with comparable cell toxicity and silencing efficiency. PEI bioconjugates demonstrated silencing equivalent to PBAE bioconjugates, although less efficient in terms of required polymer concentrations. Given the cost-to-benefit difference between the assayed polymers, and PEI's ability to transfect HASMCs within a short duration of exposure with an improved toxicity profile, this study shows that PEI bioconjugates are a potential transfection agent for vascular tissue. Future studies will expand on this method of gene therapy to validate delivery of gene-specific inhibitors aimed at attenuating smooth muscle cell proliferation, adhesion, and migration. These studies will lay the framework for our future experimental plans to expand on this method of gene therapy for in vivo transfection in animal models of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Bools
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Richard K Fisher
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Oscar H Grandas
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Stacy S Kirkpatrick
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Joshua D Arnold
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Mitchell H Goldman
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Michael B Freeman
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Deidra J H Mountain
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee.
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16
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Evans BC, Hocking KM, Kilchrist KV, Wise ES, Brophy CM, Duvall CL. Endosomolytic Nano-Polyplex Platform Technology for Cytosolic Peptide Delivery To Inhibit Pathological Vasoconstriction. ACS NANO 2015; 9:5893-907. [PMID: 26004140 PMCID: PMC4482421 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A platform technology has been developed and tested for delivery of intracellular-acting peptides through electrostatically complexed nanoparticles, or nano-polyplexes, formulated from an anionic endosomolytic polymer and cationic therapeutic peptides. This delivery platform has been initially tested and optimized for delivery of two unique vasoactive peptides, a phosphomimetic of heat shock protein 20 and an inhibitor of MAPKAP kinase II, to prevent pathological vasoconstriction (i.e., vasospasm) in human vascular tissue. These peptides inhibit vasoconstriction and promote vasorelaxation by modulating actin dynamics in vascular smooth muscle cells. Formulating these peptides into nano-polyplexes significantly enhances peptide uptake and retention, facilitates cytosolic delivery through a pH-dependent endosomal escape mechanism, and enhances peptide bioactivity in vitro as measured by inhibition of F-actin stress fiber formation. In comparison to treatment with the free peptides, which were endowed with cell-penetrating sequences, the nano-polyplexes significantly increased vasorelaxation, inhibited vasoconstriction, and decreased F-actin formation in the human saphenous vein ex vivo. These results suggest that these formulations have significant potential for treatment of conditions such as cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Furthermore, because many therapeutic peptides include cationic cell-penetrating segments, this simple and modular platform technology may have broad applicability as a cost-effective approach for enhancing the efficacy of cytosolically active peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Evans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, PMB 351826, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Kyle M. Hocking
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, PMB 351826, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Kameron V. Kilchrist
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, PMB 351826, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Eric S. Wise
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D-5237 Medical Center North, 1161 22nd Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Colleen M. Brophy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, D-5237 Medical Center North, 1161 22nd Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, 1310 24th Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, PMB 351826, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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17
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Bukhari M, Deng H, Jones N, Towne Z, Woodworth CD, Samways DSK. Selective permeabilization of cervical cancer cells to an ionic DNA-binding cytotoxin by activation of P2Y receptors. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:1498-504. [PMID: 25937122 PMCID: PMC4497545 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP is known to permeabilize certain cell types to polyatomic cations like YO-PRO1. Here, we report that extracellularly applied ATP stimulated rapid uptake and accumulation of an otherwise weakly membrane permeable fluorescent DNA-binding cytotoxin, Hoechst 33258, into cervical cancer cells. While ATP stimulated Hoechst 33258 uptake in 20-70% of cells from seven cervical cancer cell lines, it stimulated uptake in less than 8% of cervical epithelial cells obtained from the normal transformation zone and ectocervix tissue of 11 patients. ATP-evoked Hoechst 33258 uptake was independent of ionotropic P2X receptors, but dependent on activation of P2Y receptors. Thus, we show here that cervical cancer cells can be selectively induced to take up and accumulate an ionic cytotoxin by exposure to extracellular ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurish Bukhari
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Ave., Potsdam, NY 13699-5805, USA
| | - Han Deng
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Ave., Potsdam, NY 13699-5805, USA
| | - Noelle Jones
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Ave., Potsdam, NY 13699-5805, USA
| | - Zachary Towne
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Ave., Potsdam, NY 13699-5805, USA
| | - Craig D Woodworth
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Ave., Potsdam, NY 13699-5805, USA
| | - Damien S K Samways
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Ave., Potsdam, NY 13699-5805, USA.
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18
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Lattin JR, Javadi M, McRae M, Pitt WG. Cytosolic delivery via escape from the endosome using emulsion droplets and ultrasound. J Drug Target 2015; 23:469-79. [PMID: 25673266 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1009074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Vaporizing emulsion droplets may aid in endosomal rupture as a drug delivery route to the cytosol. Upon insonation, emulsion droplets formed from perfluorocarbon liquids may vaporize with sufficient expansion to disrupt liposomal or endosomal membranes. Emulsion droplets of perfluorohexane (PFC6) or perfluoropentane (PFC5) were prepared as free droplets in calcein or as droplets encapsulated within liposomes containing calcein. Folate-stimulated endocytosis created an experimental model, wherein calcein was self-quenched until released from the vesicles. Upon release, calcein was diluted below its self-quenching concentration and its release quantified by fluorescence. In this experimental model, folated emulsions or folated eLiposomes were incubated with folate-starved HeLa cells. Samples were exposed to two seconds of 20-kHz ultrasound (US) at 1 W/cm(2). Fluorescence microscopy identified released intracellular calcein. Upon insonation, both free emulsion samples and eLiposome samples produced calcein release to the cytosol. Calcein fluorescence was more intense in samples containing PFC5 compared to PFC6. Insonation of samples without emulsion droplets produced no cytosolic delivery. Likewise, cells that took up emulsion droplets but were not exposed to US did not exhibit fluorescence throughout the cell. These results suggest that vaporizing emulsion droplets are internalized into the cells and can produce endosomal escape of a therapeutic payload.
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19
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Yigit S, Tokareva O, Varone A, Georgakoudi I, Kaplan DL. Bioengineered silk gene delivery system for nuclear targeting. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:1291-8. [PMID: 24889658 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery research has gained momentum with the use of lipophilic vectors that mimic viral systems to increase transfection efficiency. Maintaining cell viability with these systems remains a major challenge. Therefore, biocompatible biopolymers that are designed by combining non-immunological viral mimicking components with suitable carrier are explored to address these limitations. In the present study, dragline silk recombinant proteins are modified with DNA condensing units and the proton sponge endosomal escape pathway is utilized for enhanced delivery. Transfection efficiency in a COS-7 cell line is enhanced compared to lipofectamine and polyethyleneimine (PEI), as is cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezin Yigit
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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20
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Kumar M, Gupta D, Singh G, Sharma S, Bhat M, Prashant CK, Dinda AK, Kharbanda S, Kufe D, Singh H. Novel polymeric nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of peptide Cargos: antitumor efficacy of the BCL-2 conversion peptide NuBCP-9. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3271-81. [PMID: 24741005 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The preclinical development of peptidyl drugs for cancer treatment is hampered by their poor pharmacologic properties and cell penetrative capabilities in vivo. In this study, we report a nanoparticle-based formulation that overcomes these limitations, illustrating their utility in studies of the anticancer peptide NuBCP-9, which converts BCL-2 from a cell protector to a cell killer. NuBCP-9 was encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles composed of a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified polylactic acid (PLA) diblock copolymer (NuBCP-9/PLA-PEG) or PEG-polypropylene glycol-PEG-modified PLA-tetrablock copolymer (NuBCP-9/PLA-PEG-PPG-PEG). We found that peptide encapsulation was enhanced by increasing the PEG chain length in the block copolymers. NuBCP-9 release from the nanoparticles was controlled by both PEG chain length and the PLA molecular weight, permitting time-release over sustained periods. Treatment of human cancer cells with these nanoparticles in vitro triggered apoptosis by NuBCP-9-mediated mechanism, with a potency similar to NuBCP-9 linked to a cell-penetrating poly-Arg peptide. Strikingly, in vivo administration of NuBCP-9/nanoparticles triggered complete regressions in the Ehrlich syngeneic mouse model of solid tumor. Our results illustrate an effective method for sustained delivery of anticancer peptides, highlighting the superior qualities of the novel PLA-PEG-PPG-PEG tetrablock copolymer formulation as a tool to target intracellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Authors' Affiliations: Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas; Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi; and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dikshi Gupta
- Authors' Affiliations: Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas; Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi; and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gurpal Singh
- Authors' Affiliations: Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas; Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi; and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Authors' Affiliations: Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas; Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi; and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Madhusudan Bhat
- Authors' Affiliations: Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas; Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi; and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - C K Prashant
- Authors' Affiliations: Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas; Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi; and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A K Dinda
- Authors' Affiliations: Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas; Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi; and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Surender Kharbanda
- Authors' Affiliations: Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas; Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi; and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald Kufe
- Authors' Affiliations: Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas; Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi; and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Harpal Singh
- Authors' Affiliations: Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas; Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi; and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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21
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de la Torre BG, Hornillos V, Luque-Ortega JR, Abengózar MA, Amat-Guerri F, Acuña AU, Rivas L, Andreu D. A BODIPY-embedding miltefosine analog linked to cell-penetrating Tat(48-60) peptide favors intracellular delivery and visualization of the antiparasitic drug. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1047-58. [PMID: 24445871 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic application of many drugs is often hampered by poor or denied access to intracellular targets. A case in point is miltefosine (MT), an orally active antiparasitic drug, which becomes ineffective when parasites develop dysfunctional uptake systems. We report here the synthesis of a fluorescent BODIPY-embedding MT analogue with appropriate thiol functionalization allowing linkage to the cell-penetrating Tat(48-60) peptide through disulfide or thioether linkages. The resulting constructs are efficiently internalized into the otherwise MT-invulnerable R40 Leishmania strain, resulting in fast parasite killing, and hence successful avoidance of the resistance. In the disulfide-linked conjugate, an additional fluoro tag on the Tat moiety allows to monitor its reductive cleavage within the cytoplasm. Terminally differentiated cells such as peritoneal macrophages, impervious to MT unless infected by Leishmania, can uptake the drug in its Tat-conjugated form. The results afford proof-of-principle for using CPP vectors to avert drug resistance in parasites, and/or for tackling leishmaniasis by modulating macrophage uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz G de la Torre
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Nelson CE, Kintzing JR, Hanna A, Shannon JM, Gupta MK, Duvall CL. Balancing cationic and hydrophobic content of PEGylated siRNA polyplexes enhances endosome escape, stability, blood circulation time, and bioactivity in vivo. ACS NANO 2013; 7:8870-80. [PMID: 24041122 PMCID: PMC3857137 DOI: 10.1021/nn403325f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A family of pH-responsive diblock polymers composed of poly[(ethylene glycol)-b-[(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-co-(butyl methacrylate)], PEG-(DMAEMA-co-BMA), was reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) synthesized with 0-75 mol % BMA in the second polymer block. The relative mole % of DMAEMA and BMA was varied in order to identify a polymer that can be used to formulate PEGylated, siRNA-loaded polyplex nanoparticles (NPs) with an optimized balance of cationic and hydrophobic content in the NP core based on siRNA packaging, cytocompatibility, blood circulation half-life, endosomal escape, and in vivo bioactivity. The polymer with 50:50 mol % of DMAEMA:BMA (polymer "50 B") in the RAFT-polymerized block efficiently condensed siRNA into 100 nm NPs that displayed pH-dependent membrane disruptive behavior finely tuned for endosomal escape. In vitro delivery of siRNA with polymer 50 B produced up to 94% protein-level knockdown of the model gene luciferase. The PEG corona of the NPs blocked nonspecific interactions with constituents of human whole blood, and the relative hydrophobicity of polymer 50 B increased NP stability in the presence of human serum or the polyanion heparin. When injected intravenously, 50 B NPs enhanced blood circulation half-life 3-fold relative to more standard PEG-DMAEMA (0 B) NPs (p < 0.05), due to improved stability and a reduced rate of renal clearance. The 50 B NPs enhanced siRNA biodistribution to the liver and other organs and significantly increased gene silencing in the liver, kidneys, and spleen relative to the benchmark polymer 0 B (p < 0.05). These collective findings validate the functional significance of tuning the balance of cationic and hydrophobic content of polyplex NPs utilized for systemic siRNA delivery in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Craig L. Duvall
- Corresponding Author: Prof. C.L. Duvall, PMB 351631, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1631 (USA), , office phone: (615)322-3598, fax: (615)343-7919
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Li H, Yu SS, Miteva M, Nelson CE, Werfel T, Giorgio TD, Duvall CL. Matrix Metalloproteinase Responsive, Proximity-activated Polymeric Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2013; 23:3040-3052. [PMID: 25214828 PMCID: PMC4159188 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201202215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has significant potential to evolve into a new class of pharmaceutical inhibitors, but technologies that enable robust, tissue-specific intracellular delivery must be developed before effective clinical translation can be achieved. A pH-responsive, smart polymeric nanoparticle (SPN) with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7-dependent proximity-activated targeting (PAT) is described here. The PAT-SPN was designed to trigger cellular uptake and cytosolic delivery of siRNA once activated by MMP-7, an enzyme whose overexpression is a hallmark of cancer initiation and progression. The PAT-SPN is composed of a corona-forming PEG block, an MMP-7-cleavable peptide, a cationic siRNA-condensing block, and a pH-responsive, endosomolytic terpolymer block that drives self-assembly and forms the PAT-SPN core. With this novel design, the PEG corona shields cellular interactions until it is cleaved in MMP-7-rich environments, shifting SPNζ-potential from +5.8 to +14.4 mV and triggering a 2.5 fold increase in carrier internalization. The PAT-SPN exhibited pH-dependent membrane disruptive behavior that enabled siRNA escape from endo-lysosomal pathways. Efficient intracellular siRNA delivery and knockdown of the model enzyme luciferase in R221A-Luc mammary tumor cellssignificantly depended on MMP-7 pre-activation. These combined data indicate that the PAT-SPN provides a promising new platform for tissue-specific, proximity-activated siRNA delivery to MMP-rich pathological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shann S. Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Martina Miteva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christopher E. Nelson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Engineering and Physics, Murray State University, Murray, KY, USA
| | - Todd D. Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B, Box 351631, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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