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Sekome K, Gómez-Olivé FX, Sherar LB, Esliger DW, Myezwa H. Sociocultural perceptions of physical activity and dietary habits for hypertension control: voices from adults in a rural sub-district of South Africa. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2194. [PMID: 39138450 PMCID: PMC11320885 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over half of adults from rural South Africa are hypertensive. Apart from pharmaceutical treatment, lifestyle changes such as increasing physical activity and reducing dietary salt have been strongly advocated for the control of hypertension. However, the control rates of hypertension for adults in rural South Africa are low. In this paper we explore whether this is due to the recommended lifestyle intervention not aligning with the individual's socio-cultural determinants of behaviour change. AIM To explore the social and cultural beliefs, perceptions and practices regarding physical activity and diet as a hypertension control intervention on hypertensive adults living in a rural sub-district in South Africa. METHODS Nine focus group discussions were conducted with hypertensive adults aged 40 years and above from Bushbuckridge sub-district in Mpumalanga Province of South Africa using a semi-structured interview guide. Each session began with introductions of the discussion theme followed by a short discussion on what the participants know about hypertension and the normal blood pressure readings. Physical activity and dietary habits were then introduced as the main subject of discussion. Probing questions were used to get more insight on a specific topic. A thematic analysis approach was used to generate codes, categories, and themes. A manual approach to data analysis was chosen and data obtained through transcripts were analysed inductively. FINDINGS Participants had a lack of knowledge about blood pressure normal values. Perceived causes of hypertension were alluded to psychosocial factors such as family and emotional-related issues. Physical activity practices were influenced by family and community members' attitudes and gender roles. Factors which influenced dietary practices mainly involved affordability and availability of food. To control their hypertension, participants recommend eating certain foods, emotional control, taking medication, exercising, praying, correct food preparation, and performing house chores. CONCLUSION Lifestyle interventions to control hypertension for adults in a rural South African setting using physical activity promotion and dietary control must consider the beliefs related to hypertension control of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kganetso Sekome
- Department of physiotherapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, South Africa.
| | - Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lauren B Sherar
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, South Africa
| | - Dale W Esliger
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, South Africa
| | - Hellen Myezwa
- School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Vinay ND, Singh K, Ellur RK, Chinnusamy V, Jaiswal S, Iquebal MA, Munshi AD, Matsumura H, Boopalakrishnan G, Jat GS, Kole C, Gaikwad AB, Kumar D, Dey SS, Behera TK. High-quality Momordica balsamina genome elucidates its potential use in improving stress resilience and therapeutic properties of bitter gourd. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1258042. [PMID: 38333042 PMCID: PMC10851156 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1258042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Momordica balsamina is the closest wild species that can be crossed with an important fruit vegetable crop, Momordica charantia, has immense medicinal value, and placed under II subclass of primary gene pool of bitter gourd. M. balsamina is tolerant to major biotic and abiotic stresses. Genome characterization of Momordica balsamina as a wild relative of bitter gourd will contribute to the knowledge of the gene pool available for improvement in bitter gourd. There is potential to transfer gene/s related to biotic resistance and medicinal importance from M. balsamina to M. charantia to produce high-quality, better yielding and stress tolerant bitter gourd genotypes. Methods The present study provides the first and high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of M. balsamina with size 384.90 Mb and N50 30.96 Mb using sequence data from 10x Genomics, Nanopore, and Hi-C platforms. Results A total of 6,32,098 transposons elements; 2,15,379 simple sequence repeats; 5,67,483 transcription factor binding sites; 3,376 noncoding RNA genes; and 41,652 protein-coding genes were identified, and 4,347 disease resistance, 67 heat stress-related, 05 carotenoid-related, 15 salt stress-related, 229 cucurbitacin-related, 19 terpenes-related, 37 antioxidant activity, and 06 sex determination-related genes were characterized. Conclusion Genome sequencing of M. balsamina will facilitate interspecific introgression of desirable traits. This information is cataloged in the form of webgenomic resource available at http://webtom.cabgrid.res.in/mbger/. Our finding of comparative genome analysis will be useful to get insights into the patterns and processes associated with genome evolution and to uncover functional regions of cucurbit genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. D. Vinay
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Singh
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjith Kumar Ellur
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarika Jaiswal
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mir Asif Iquebal
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anilabha Das Munshi
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - G. Boopalakrishnan
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gograj Singh Jat
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ambika Baladev Gaikwad
- Division of Genomic Resources, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Division of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam Sundar Dey
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Tusar Kanti Behera
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Khumalo B, Siboto A, Akinnuga AM, Sibiya N, Khathi A, Ngubane PS. Momordica balsamina improves glucose handling in a diet-induced prediabetic rat model. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295498. [PMID: 38096150 PMCID: PMC10721073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to high energy diets has been implicated in the development of pre-diabetes, a long-lasting condition that precedes type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A combination of pharmacological treatment and dietary interventions are recommended to prevent the progression of pre-diabetes to T2DM. However, poor patient compliance leads to negligence of the dietary intervention and thus reduced drug efficiency. Momordica balsamina (MB) has been reported to possess anti-diabetic effects in type 1 diabetic rats. However, the effects of this medicinal plant in conjunction with dietary intervention on pre-diabetes have not yet been established. Consequently, this study sought to evaluate the effects of MB on glucose homeostasis in a diet-induced pre-diabetes rat model in the presence and absence of dietary intervention. Pre-diabetes was induced on male Sprague Dawley rats by a high fat high carbohydrate (HFHC) diet for a period of 20 weeks. Pre-diabetic male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with MB (250 mg/kg p.o.) in both the presence and absence of dietary intervention once a day every third day for a period of 12 weeks. The administration of MB with and without dietary intervention resulted in significantly improved glucose homeostasis through reduced caloric intake, body weights, with reduced plasma ghrelin concentration and glycated hemoglobin by comparison to the pre-diabetic control. MB administration also improved insulin sensitivity as evidenced by the expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) and glycogen synthase on the prediabetic treated animals. These results suggest that MB has the potential to be used to manage pre-diabetes and prevent the progression to overt type 2 diabetes as it demonstrated the ability to restore glucose homeostasis even in the absence of dietary and lifestyle intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongiwe Khumalo
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Angezwa Siboto
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Akinjide Moses Akinnuga
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Okuku Campus, Cross River, Nigeria
| | - Ntethelelo Sibiya
- Pharmacology Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Andile Khathi
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Phikelelani Siphosethu Ngubane
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Tshikororo RR, Ajao AAN, Moteetee AN. Exploring the Use of Indigenous Wild Vegetables by the Basotho People of Southern Africa: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature and Nutritional Analysis of Selected Species. Foods 2023; 12:2763. [PMID: 37509855 PMCID: PMC10378859 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild indigenous vegetables have recently been receiving attention due to their accessibility and potential to fight malnutrition. The current study investigated the nutritional profile of 10 selected wild indigenous vegetables, namely Asclepias multicaulis, Lepidium africanum, Erucastrum austroafricanum, Solanum nigrum, Sonchus dregeanus, Sonchus integrifolius, Sonchus nanus, Rorippa fluviatilis, Tribulus terrestris, and Urtica lobulata, consumed by the Basotho people of southern Africa. This was done by first compiling a comprehensive literature review to identify the knowledge gaps and further analysing the selected vegetables for mineral contents and proximate compositions using standard analytical procedures of AOAC. The literature survey revealed that 90 wild plants are used as vegetables by the Basotho people, and there are knowledge gaps on the nutritional value of many species. Mineral analyses of the wild vegetables showed that Asclepias multicaulis and Sonchus dregeanus are rich in minerals such as Al, Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, and S and can compete favourably with commercialised vegetables such as lettuce and spinach in terms of mineral components. Also, all the wild vegetables studied have more than 12% recommended caloric protein value except Tribulus terrestris (10.07%) and Lepidium africanum (11.32%). The crude fat content in Asclepias multicaulis, Lepidium africanum, Rorippa fluviatilis, Erucastrum austroafricanum, and Urtica lobulata fall within the range required for healthy living. The concentrations of cadmium, copper, and lead in all the vegetables studied are below the detection level, thus making them non-toxic and safe for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudzani Ralph Tshikororo
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, APK Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Abdulwakeel Ayokun-Nun Ajao
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, APK Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Annah Ntsamaeeng Moteetee
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, APK Campus, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
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Tselaesele N, Bultosa G, Molapisi M, Makhabu S, Kobue-Lekalake R, Haki GD, Sekwati-Monang B, Seifu E, Mokhawa G, Sonno K. Plant-based traditional foods and beverages of Gumare Village, Botswana. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-023-00142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe consumption of traditional and indigenous foods and beverages varies across different ethnic communities and is often influenced by geographical location. However, the diversity of edible plants is rapidly declining due to climate change, leading to a loss of knowledge about useful plants used by different communities before the plant itself becomes extinct. This research investigated the edible plant types and investigated the processing steps of plant-based traditional foods/dishes and beverages of Gumare village, located in the catchment area of the Okavango Delta in the northwest of Botswana. Questionnaire interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) were used to collect data. The study identified 52 wild and 19 domesticated edible plants used in the preparation of traditional foods/dishes and beverages of Gumare village. Maize, sorghum, millets, beans, melon, watermelon, pumpkin, bottle gourd and sweet potato are widely used domesticated crops. The wild edible plants are either directly used after minor processing or as recipes in traditional dishes and/or as an inoculum in the fermentation, as a substrate in traditional beverages and some as medicinal plants. However, some taboos and food safety challenges were observed in the use of certain plants. The study highlighted a decline in the use of traditional foods/dishes and beverages, particularly among the young generation. The youth indicated that they have a low interest in gathering traditional foods and beverages due to the time-consuming nature during harvesting and the labour-intensive processing. In addition, they indicated the dangers of attacks by wild animals from veld by reptiles (for example snakes and pythons) and alligators (crocodiles) from rivers during the harvesting of raw materials used in traditional foods and dishes. For the communities, the diverse edible wild plants documented are a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds such as dietary fibers, phenolics, terpenes, essential oils, carotenoids, and alkaloids that help to combat malnutrition and for use as traditional medicines to support health and wellness. In conclusion, the significant diversity of wild edible plants and domesticated crops in Gumare village, likely due to its location in the catchment area of the Okavango Delta, plays a crucial role in diet diversification and can contribute to food and nutrition security. However, for most wild edible plants of Botswana, information on their nutrient and bioactive compounds are still limited. This study provides baseline information for further chemical investigation and development of resources in the formulation of functional foods and nutraceuticals.
Graphical Abstract
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Khan M, Diop A, Gbodossou E, Xiao P, Coleman M, De Barros K, Duong H, Bond VC, Floyd V, Kondwani K, Rice VM, Harris-Hooker S, Villinger F, Powell MD. Anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 activity of MoMo30 protein isolated from the traditional African medicinal plant Momordica balsamina. Virol J 2023; 20:50. [PMID: 36949470 PMCID: PMC10035133 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants are used in traditional healing practices of many cultures worldwide. Momordica balsamina is a plant commonly used by traditional African healers as a part of a treatment for HIV/AIDS. It is typically given as a tea to patients with HIV/AIDS. Water-soluble extracts of this plant were found to contain anti-HIV activity. METHODS We employed cell-based infectivity assays, surface plasmon resonance, and a molecular-cell model of the gp120-CD4 interaction to study the mechanism of action of the MoMo30-plant protein. Using Edman degradation results of the 15 N-terminal amino acids, we determined the gene sequence of the MoMo30-plant protein from an RNAseq library from total RNA extracted from Momordica balsamina. RESULTS Here, we identify the active ingredient of water extracts of the leaves of Momordica balsamina as a 30 kDa protein we call MoMo30-plant. We have identified the gene for MoMo30 and found it is homologous to a group of plant lectins known as Hevamine A-like proteins. MoMo30-plant is distinct from other proteins previously reported agents from the Momordica species, such as ribosome-inactivating proteins such as MAP30 and Balsamin. MoMo30-plant binds to gp120 through its glycan groups and functions as a lectin or carbohydrate-binding agent (CBA). It inhibits HIV-1 at nanomolar levels and has minimal cellular toxicity at inhibitory levels. CONCLUSIONS CBAs like MoMo30 can bind to glycans on the surface of the enveloped glycoprotein of HIV (gp120) and block entry. Exposure to CBAs has two effects on the virus. First, it blocks infection of susceptible cells. Secondly, MoMo30 drives the selection of viruses with altered glycosylation patterns, potentially altering their immunogenicity. Such an agent could represent a change in the treatment strategy for HIV/AIDS that allows a rapid reduction in viral loads while selecting for an underglycosylated virus, potentially facilitating the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfuz Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Amad Diop
- Malango Traditional Healers Association, Fatick, Senegal
| | | | - Peng Xiao
- Department of Biology Director, New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 4401 W Admiral Doyle Drive, New Iberia, LA, 70560, USA
| | - Morgan Coleman
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Kenya De Barros
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Hao Duong
- Department of Pharmacology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Vincent C Bond
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Virginia Floyd
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Kofi Kondwani
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Valerie Montgomery Rice
- Office of the President, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Sandra Harris-Hooker
- Department of Pathology Senior Vice President for External Affairs and Innovation, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Francois Villinger
- Department of Biology Director, New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 4401 W Admiral Doyle Drive, New Iberia, LA, 70560, USA
| | - Michael D Powell
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA.
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Are South African Wild Foods the Answer to Rising Rates of Cardiovascular Disease? DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The rising burden of cardiovascular disease in South Africa gives impetus to managerial changes, particularly to the available foods in the market. Since there are many economically disadvantaged groups in urban societies who are at the forefront of the CVD burden, initiatives to make healthier foods available should focus on affordability in conjunction with improved phytochemical diversity to incentivize change. The modern obesogenic diet is deficient in phytochemicals that are protective against the metabolic products of sugar metabolism, i.e., inflammation, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial fatigue, whereas traditional southern African food species have high phytochemical diversity and are also higher in soluble dietary fibres that modulate the release of sugars from starches, nurture the microbiome and produce digestive artefacts that are prophylactic against cardiovascular disease. The examples of indigenous southern African food species with high horticultural potential that can be harvested sustainably to feed a large market of consumers include: Aloe marlothii, Acanthosicyos horridus, Adansonia digitata, Aloe ferox, Amaranthus hybridus, Annesorhiza nuda, Aponogeton distachyos, Bulbine frutescens, Carpobrotus edulis, Citrullus lanatus, Dioscorea bulbifera, Dovyalis caffra, Eleusine coracana, Lagenaria siceraria, Mentha longifolia, Momordica balsamina, Pelargonium crispum, Pelargonium sidoides, Pennisetum glaucum, Plectranthus esculentus, Schinziophyton rautanenii, Sclerocarya birrea, Solenostemon rotundifolius, Talinum caffrum, Tylosema esculentum, Vigna unguiculata and Vigna subterranea. The current review explains the importance of phytochemical diversity in the human diet, it gives a lucid explanation of phytochemical groups and links the phytochemical profiles of these indigenous southern African foods to their protective effects against cardiovascular disease.
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Coleman MI, Khan M, Gbodossou E, Diop A, DeBarros K, Duong H, Bond VC, Floyd V, Kondwani K, Montgomery Rice V, Villinger F, Powell MD. Identification of a Novel Anti-HIV-1 Protein from Momordica balsamina Leaf Extract. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192215227. [PMID: 36429944 PMCID: PMC9690441 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Our lab investigates the anti-HIV-1 activity in Momordica balsamina (M. balsamina) leaf extract. Traditional Senegalese healers have used M. balsamina leaf extract as a part of a plant-based treatment for HIV/AIDS infections. Our overall goal is to define and validate the scientific basis for using M. balsamina leaf extract as a part of the traditional Senegalese treatment. As an initial characterization of this extract, we used activity-guided fractionation to determine the active ingredient's solubility and relative size. We found that M. balsamina leaf extract inhibits HIV-1 infection by >50% at concentrations of 0.02 mg/mL and above and is not toxic over its inhibitory range (0-0.5 mg/mL). We observed significantly more antiviral activity in direct water and acetonitrile extractions (p ≤ 0.05). We also observed significantly more antiviral activity in the aqueous phases of ethyl acetate, chloroform, and diethyl ether extractions (p ≤ 0.05). Though most of the antiviral activity partitioned into the aqueous layers, some antiviral activity was present in the organic layers. We show that the active agent in the plant extracts is at least 30 kD in size. Significantly more antiviral activity was retained in 3, 10, and 30 kD molecular weight cutoff filters (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, most of the antiviral activity passed through the 100 kD filter (p ≤ 0.05). Because the active anti-HIV-1 agent presented as a large, amphiphilic molecule we ran the purified extract on an SDS-page gel. We show that the anti-HIV-1 activity in the leaf extracts is attributed to a 30 kDa protein we call MoMo30. This article describes how MoMo30 was determined to be responsible for its anti-HIV-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan I. Coleman
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Mahfuz Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | | | - Amad Diop
- Malango Traditional Healers Association, Fatick BP 1763, Senegal
| | - Kenya DeBarros
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Hao Duong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Vincent C. Bond
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Virginia Floyd
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Kofi Kondwani
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Valerie Montgomery Rice
- Office of the President, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Francois Villinger
- Department of Biology Director, New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 4401 W Admiral Doyle Drive, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA
| | - Michael D. Powell
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr. SW, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-752-1582
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Silva CD, Ramalhete C, Spengler G, Mulhovo S, Molnar J, Ferreira MJU. Triterpenes from Momordica balsamina (African pumpkin): ABCB1 inhibition and synergistic interaction with doxorubicin in resistant cancer cells. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113354. [PMID: 35940427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer, we have been studying Momordica balsamina, a vegetable known as African pumpkin. Five undescribed cucurbitane-type triterpenoids (balsaminaepoxide, balsaminatriol, balsaminoic acid, balsaminal, and balsaminol G) along with five known cucurbitacins were isolated from the methanol extract of Momordica balsamina aerial parts, whose structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data, mainly 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Compounds were evaluated for their ability as P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) inhibitors in multidrug resistant human ABCB1-transfected mouse lymphoma cells (L5178Y, MDR) and resistant human colon adenocarcinoma cells (COLO 320), using the rhodamine-123 exclusion test, by flow cytometry. Several compounds, which were found to be non-cytotoxic, strongly inhibited P-gp efflux activity in a dose-dependent manner in both cell models. In MRD mouse lymphoma cells, balsaminol G and karavilagenin B were the most active, while in resistant colon adenocarcinoma cells, the strongest inhibitory activity was found for balsaminaepoxide, balsaminatriol and karavilagenin C, being several-fold more active than the positive control verapamil. In chemosensitivity assays, in a model of combination chemotherapy, selected compounds showed to interact synergistically with doxorubicin, thus substantiating their potential as MDR reversers. The strongest synergistic interaction was found for balsaminal and balsaminol G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Duarte Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cátia Ramalhete
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal; ATLÂNTICA - Instituto Universitário, Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena, 2730-036, Barcarena, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis Utca 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Silva Mulhovo
- Centro de Estudos Moçambicanos e de Etnociências, Faculdade de Ciências e Matemática, Universidade Pedagógica, 21402161, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Joseph Molnar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis Utca 6, 6725, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maria-José U Ferreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Long S, Wang Q, He T, Ma J, Wang J, Liu S, Wang H, Liu L, Piao X. Maternal Dietary Forsythia suspensa Extract Supplementation Induces Changes in Offspring Antioxidant Status, Inflammatory Responses, Intestinal Development, and Microbial Community of Sows. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:926822. [PMID: 35909697 PMCID: PMC9334818 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.926822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment aims to investigate the effect of maternal diet supplemented with Forsythia suspensa extract (FSE) on the performance, antioxidant status, inflammatory responses, intestinal development, and microbial community of sows. A total of 24 gestating sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were assigned to 2 treatments with 12 sows per treatment. From d 107 of gestation to d 21 of lactation, sows were supplemented with a basal diet as control (CON) or an FSE diet (basal diet + 100 mg/kg FSE). Compared with CON, sows fed FSE showed lower (P < 0.05) wean-to-estrus interval, body weight loss, and higher (P < 0.05) average daily gain of suckling piglet. Sows fed FSE had reduced (P < 0.05) serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content and enhanced (P < 0.05) catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) contents at farrowing and weaning compared with CON. The suckling piglets of FSE-fed sows had increased (P < 0.05) mRNA expressions of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1 in the liver, and lower (P < 0.05) serum MDA content on d 0, 7, and 14 of lactation. Sows fed FSE had lower (P < 0.05) serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) contents at farrowing and reduced (P < 0.05) serum IL-6 and IL-8 contents at weaning compared with CON. Piglets from FSE-fed sows had enhanced (P ≤ 0.05) villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum, and higher (P < 0.05) protein expression of Occludin in jejunal mucosa compared with CON. Sows fed FSE tended to have higher (P = 0.09) relative abundance of Lactobacillus at genus level in feces at weaning compared with CON. Our results showed maternal diet supplemented with FSE in lactating sows could effectively induce improvement of performance, antioxidant status, anti-inflammatory function, intestinal morphology, barrier function, and microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenfei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Tianjin Zhongsheng Feed Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangshu Piao
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11
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Luo C, Huang W, Yer H, Kamuda T, Li X, Li Y, Rong Y, Yan B, Wen Y, Wang Q, Huang M, Huang H. Complete Chloroplast Genomes and Comparative Analyses of Three Ornamental Impatiens Species. Front Genet 2022; 13:816123. [PMID: 35432470 PMCID: PMC9006450 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.816123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Impatiens L., the largest genus in the family Balsaminaceae with approximately 1,000 species, is a controversial genus. Due to the conflict of morphological features and insufficient genomic resources, the studies of systematic evolution and understanding of taxonomic identification are considered to be very limited. Hence, we have sequenced the complete chloroplast genomes of three ornamental species (Impatiens balsamina, I. hawkeri, and I. walleriana), and compared them with previously published wild species data. We performed a detailed comparison of a highly similar basic structure, size, GC content, gene number, order, and functional array among them. Similarly, most divergent genes were detected from previous work in the literature. The mutational regions containing highly variable nucleotide hotspots were identified and may be used as potential markers for species identification and taxonomy. Furthermore, using whole chloroplast genome data to analysis the phylogenetic relationship of the Balsaminaceae species, we found that they were all part of a single clade. The three phenotypically different ornamental species were clustered together, suggesting that they were very likely to be closely related. We achieved and characterized the plastid genome structure, identified the divergence hotspots, and determined the phylogenetic and taxonomic positions of the three cultivated species in the Impatiens genus. The results may show that the chloroplast genome can be used to solve phylogenetic problems in or between the Impatiens genus and also provide genomic resources for the study of the Balsaminaceae family’s systematics and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Plant Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Wulue Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Huseyin Yer
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Plant Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Faculty of Forestry, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| | - Troy Kamuda
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Plant Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuhong Rong
- College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Bo Yan
- College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yonghui Wen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Meijuan Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Meijuan Huang, ; Haiquan Huang,
| | - Haiquan Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Research Center for Engineering Technology of Landscape Architecture (State Forestry and Grassland Administration), Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Functional Flower Resources and Industrialization, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Research and Development Center of Landscape Plants and Horticulture Flowers, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Meijuan Huang, ; Haiquan Huang,
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12
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A Comparison of Bioactive Metabolites, Antinutrients, and Bioactivities of African Pumpkin Leaves ( Momordica balsamina L.) Cooked by Different Culinary Techniques. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061901. [PMID: 35335263 PMCID: PMC8951283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prior to consumption, African pumpkin leaves (Momordica balsamina L.) are generally cooked. In this study, the effects of common household cooking methods (boiling, steaming, microwaving, stir-frying) on bioactive metabolites, carotenoids, antioxidant activity, antinutrients and inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities were examined. A set of 14 bioactive metabolites were identified in raw and cooked African leaves using UPLC-QTOF/MS. The results showed that the four different types of household cooking methods had different effects on the bioactive metabolomics profile of African pumpkin leaves. In comparison to raw leaves and leaves cooked in other methods, the concentrations of six phenolic compounds, rutin, cryptochlorogenic acid (4-caffeoylquinic acid), pseudolaroside A, isorhamnetin 3-O-robinoside, quercetin 3-galactoside, and trans-4-feruloylquinic acid, were highest in stir-fried leaves. Of all household cooking methods tested, stir-frying increased the content of lutein, β-carotene, and zeaxanthin by 60.00%, 146.15%, and 123.51%, respectively. Moreover, stir-frying African pumpkin leaves increased the antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) and the inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Compared to all four methods of household cooking, stir-frying reduced the antinutritive compounds compared to raw leaves. This work provides useful information to the consumers on the selection of suitable cooking methods for African pumpkin leaves.
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Ramalhete C, Gonçalves BMF, Barbosa F, Duarte N, Ferreira MJU. Momordica balsamina: phytochemistry and pharmacological potential of a gifted species. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2022; 21:617-646. [PMID: 35153639 PMCID: PMC8821832 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-022-09802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Momordica balsamina L. (Cucurbitaceae), frequently named balsam apple, southern balsam pear or African pumpkin, is a vegetable with high nutritional value, being mostly used as food in sub-Saharan Africa. It has also been largely used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases, such as malaria fevers and diabetes. As a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, the main constituents are cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, with different oxidation patterns, named cucurbitacins. This review aims at summarizing our contribution to the phytochemical study of M. balsamina and the evaluation of the isolated cucurbitacins and derivatives as multidrug resistance reversers in cancer cells and bacteria. In this way, the selective antiproliferative activity against multidrug resistant cancer cells of cucurbitacins obtained from M. balsamina, their ability as P-glycoprotein inhibitors in cancer cells overexpressing this ABC transporter, as well as efflux pump inhibitors in resistant bacteria strains are reviewed. Moreover, the in vitro antimalarial activity of cucurbitacins and acyl derivatives against the blood and liver-stages of Plasmodium strains, and the in vivo activity of selected compounds is also reviewed. Besides our work, edible and medicinal uses, and other studies mainly reporting the biological activities of M. balsamina extracts, such as antidiabetic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Ramalhete
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- ATLÂNTICA – Instituto Universitário, Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena, Barcarena, Oeiras, 2730-036 Portugal
| | - Bruno M. F. Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Barbosa
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Noélia Duarte
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria-José U. Ferreira
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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Kabir N, Alhaji UI, James DB, Inuwa HM, Atiku MK. Effect of the combination of Leptadenia hastata (pers) decne and Momordica balsamina linn leaf extracts on lipid profile of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Changes in blood lipid level (dyslipidemia) play a central role in the onset and pathogenesis of macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Traditional herbal healers commonly use anti-diabetic polyherbal formulations to provide a multi-therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. The effect of the aqueous leaf extracts of Leptadenia hastata (pers) Decne, Momordica balsamina Linn and their combination on lipid profile of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was therefore evaluated in the present study.
Results
We evaluated the serum lipid profile and blood glucose level of STZ-induced diabetic rats (60 mg/kg body weight) treated with the aqueous leaf extracts of L. hastata (400 mg/kg) and M. balsamina (200 mg/kg) alone and in combination (400 + 200 mg/kg) after a period of 4 weeks. A significantly decreased (p < 0.05) level of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and increased (p < 0.05) level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was observed in all the treated groups when compared to the untreated diabetic rats. Furthermore, the combination treatment was potentially a more effective blood lipid-lowering (p < 0.05) agent when compared to the single treatments.
Conclusion
Results from this study demonstrated the blood lipid-lowering potential of the aqueous leaf extracts of L. hastata, M. balsamina, and their combination. However, the polyherbal combination could be more potent in controlling diabetes mellitus, associated dyslipidemia, and its complications.
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15
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Molecular Spectroscopic (FTIR and UV-Vis) and Hyphenated Chromatographic (UHPLC-qTOF-MS) Analysis and In Vitro Bioactivities of the Momordica balsamina Leaf Extract. Biochem Res Int 2021; 2021:2854217. [PMID: 34621548 PMCID: PMC8492264 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2854217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica balsamina (M. balsamina) is a medicinal herb comprising health-promoting secondary metabolites. This study was aimed to profile bioactive compounds in the methanolic extract of M. balsamina leaves using molecular spectroscopic (UV-Vis and FTIR) and hyphenated chromatographic (UHPLC-qTOF-MS) techniques and evaluate the biological (in vitro anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity) activities of the extract. The preliminary phytochemical screening tests revealed the presence of cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. The UV-Vis profile revealed various absorption bands ranging from 200 to 750 nm, indicating the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, terpenoids, carotenoids, chlorophyll, and alkaloids. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, anthraquinones, and phenolic compounds. A high-resolution and accurate mass spectrometer (LC-QTOF-MS model LC-MS-9030 instrument) was used, and the results confirmed the presence of flavonoid aglycones, such as quercetin, isorhamnetin, and kaempferol, as well as pseudolaroside A and dicaffeoylquinic and feruloyl isocitric acids. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of pseudolaroside A dimer and feruloyl isocitric acid in M. balsamina leaves. In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that the extract was nontoxic against human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29 and Caco2), Vero, and RAW 264.7 cells. However, the extract showed anti-inflammatory activity on RAW 264.7 cells. The study confirmed that M. balsamina leaves contain nontoxic secondary metabolites that may play a pivotal role in human health as anti-inflammatory agents.
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Kabir N, Umar IA, Dama HA, James DB, Inuwa HM. Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Novel Antidiabetic Compounds from Leaves of Momordica balsamina Linn and Leptadenia hastata (Pers) Decne. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:390-402. [PMID: 34567169 PMCID: PMC8457731 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.113632.14440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The antihyperglycemic effect of the polyherbal combination of the leaves of Momordica balsamina Linn (MB) and Leptadenia hastata (pers) Decne (LH) have been reported in our previous study in addition to its documented dietary usages. However, the bioactive principles are yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, bioactive antidiabetic compounds from the leaf extracts of Momordica balsamina Linn and Leptadenia hastata (pers) Decne were isolated and characterized. The plant leaves were fractionated with solvents in ascending order of polarity (hexane-chloroform-ethylacetate-methanol) using microwave assisted extraction method. The ethylacetate (MBE) and methanolic (LHM) leaf extracts of MB and LH, having the highest antihyperglycemic effects were purified by column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. The antihyperglycemic activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and the structures of the most bioactive compounds were elucidated by 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in comparison with reported literature. A pentacyclic triterpenoid (H3) and an isoflavone (LH2b) isolated from MBE and LHM with significant (p < 0.05) antihyperglycemic effects were identified as betulinic acid and 5-methyl genistein respectively. Our study isolated for the first time a triterpenoid and an isoflavone with potential antidiabetic effects from these indigenous antidiabetic plants. This further validates the traditional multi-therapeutic usage of the combination for the management of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisatu Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa state-Nigeria
| | - Ismail A Umar
- Department of Biochemisty, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State-Nigeria
| | - Habila A Dama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State-Nigeria
| | - Dorcas B James
- Department of Biochemisty, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State-Nigeria
| | - Hajiya M Inuwa
- Department of Biochemisty, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State-Nigeria
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Kumar A, Anju T, Kumar S, Chhapekar SS, Sreedharan S, Singh S, Choi SR, Ramchiary N, Lim YP. Integrating Omics and Gene Editing Tools for Rapid Improvement of Traditional Food Plants for Diversified and Sustainable Food Security. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8093. [PMID: 34360856 PMCID: PMC8348985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigenous communities across the globe, especially in rural areas, consume locally available plants known as Traditional Food Plants (TFPs) for their nutritional and health-related needs. Recent research shows that many TFPs are highly nutritious as they contain health beneficial metabolites, vitamins, mineral elements and other nutrients. Excessive reliance on the mainstream staple crops has its own disadvantages. Traditional food plants are nowadays considered important crops of the future and can act as supplementary foods for the burgeoning global population. They can also act as emergency foods in situations such as COVID-19 and in times of other pandemics. The current situation necessitates locally available alternative nutritious TFPs for sustainable food production. To increase the cultivation or improve the traits in TFPs, it is essential to understand the molecular basis of the genes that regulate some important traits such as nutritional components and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. The integrated use of modern omics and gene editing technologies provide great opportunities to better understand the genetic and molecular basis of superior nutrient content, climate-resilient traits and adaptation to local agroclimatic zones. Recently, realizing the importance and benefits of TFPs, scientists have shown interest in the prospection and sequencing of TFPs for their improvements, cultivation and mainstreaming. Integrated omics such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and ionomics are successfully used in plants and have provided a comprehensive understanding of gene-protein-metabolite networks. Combined use of omics and editing tools has led to successful editing of beneficial traits in several TFPs. This suggests that there is ample scope for improvement of TFPs for sustainable food production. In this article, we highlight the importance, scope and progress towards improvement of TFPs for valuable traits by integrated use of omics and gene editing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671316, Kerala, India; (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Thattantavide Anju
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671316, Kerala, India; (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College, Kishtwar 182204, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Sushil Satish Chhapekar
- Molecular Genetics & Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.S.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Sajana Sreedharan
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671316, Kerala, India; (T.A.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonam Singh
- Molecular Genetics & Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.S.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Su Ryun Choi
- Molecular Genetics & Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.S.); (S.R.C.)
| | - Nirala Ramchiary
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, Delhi, India
| | - Yong Pyo Lim
- Molecular Genetics & Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (S.S.C.); (S.S.); (S.R.C.)
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Muronga M, Quispe C, Tshikhudo PP, Msagati TAM, Mudau FN, Martorell M, Salehi B, Abdull Razis AF, Sunusi U, Kamal RM, Sharifi-Rad J. Three Selected Edible Crops of the Genus Momordica as Potential Sources of Phytochemicals: Biochemical, Nutritional, and Medicinal Values. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:625546. [PMID: 34054516 PMCID: PMC8155620 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.625546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica species (Family Cucurbitaceae) are cultivated throughout the world for their edible fruits, leaves, shoots and seeds. Among the species of the genus Momordica, there are three selected species that are used as vegetable, and for medicinal purposes, Momordica charantia L (Bitter melon), Momordica foetida Schumach (Bitter cucumber) and Momordica balsamina L (African pumpkin). The fruits and leaves of these Momordica species are rich in primary and secondary metabolites such as proteins, fibers, minerals (calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc), β-carotene, foliate, ascorbic acid, among others. The extracts from Momordica species are used for the treatment of a variety of diseases and ailments in traditional medicine. Momordica species extracts are reputed to possess anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anthelmintic bioactivity, abortifacient, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and play chemo-preventive functions. In this review we summarize the biochemical, nutritional, and medicinal values of three Momordica species (M. charantia, M. foetida and M. balsamina) as promising and innovative sources of natural bioactive compounds for future pharmaceutical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashudu Muronga
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias De La Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile
| | - Phumudzo P. Tshikhudo
- Pest Risk Analysis, Directorate Plant Health, Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Titus A. M Msagati
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Unit, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida, South Africa
| | - Fhatuwani N. Mudau
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
- School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción, Chile
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Usman Sunusi
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University Kano P M B, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ramla Muhammad Kamal
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Nigeria
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
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Frias HV, Alves CDS, Flório JC, Bondan EF, Bonamin LV, Coelho CP, Bernardi MM, Suffredini IB. Vertical exposition to Luffa operculata extract deregulates behavior and hypothalamus neurotransmitters in juvenile rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113265. [PMID: 32858198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn (Cucurbitaceae) is a traditional plant popularly used in the abortion induction, against sinusitis and is toxic. AIM OF THE STUDY To verify the influence of the aqueous extract obtained from the dry fruit of L. operculata (BNE) on the male rats vertically exposed to a subabortive dose of BNE, by evaluating alterations in behavior and neurochemical features in hypothalamus, striatum and frontal cortex, at a juvenile age, after receiving a stress challenge given by the use of the "New York subway stress" technique (NYS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Pregnant female rats (F0 generation) received 1.0 mg/kg BNE, or distilled water (100 mL/kg), by gavage, between gestation days GD17 and GD21. The pups were weaned at PND21 and were kept up to PND60 (juvenile age) in controlled environmental conditions. Four groups were obtained: control (CG), experimental (EG), stress control (SCG) and stress experimental (SEG) After being stressed, the animals were behavioral screened for in the open field (OF) and in light-dark box (LDB) apparatuses. They were euthanized, and the liver, kidneys and brain were removed for both macroscopic and microscopic analyses, and for quantification of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and its metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and the serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindolylacetic acid (5-HIAA) were accessed in the hypothalamus, frontal cortex and striatum. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION although most of the behavior changes were due to the stress challenge, the rats spent more time in the dark side of the LDB and were less likely to explore the light side, indicating that the treatment with BNE induced to fear. Interferences of BNE over behavior were due to impairment of VMA, NE, 5-HT and DA and increasing of DOPAC in the hypothalamus, and an increase of 5-HIAA in the frontal cortex, indicating alterations in the hypothalamic-hypophysis-adrenal axis (HHAA). No macroscopic or histopathological changes were observed in the liver, kidneys, or brain, although GFAP was diminished in the SCG, as expected for stressed rats. CONCLUSION the vertical exposition of juvenile rats to BNE led to the manifestation of fear and to a down regulation of the hypothalamic-hypophysis-adrenal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto V Frias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Dos S Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Brazil
| | - Jorge C Flório
- Departamento de Patologia - VPT, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F Bondan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Brazil
| | - Leoni V Bonamin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Brazil
| | | | - Maria M Bernardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Brazil
| | - Ivana B Suffredini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisas em Biodiversidade, Laboratório de Extração, Universidade Paulista - UNIP, Brazil.
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Mónico A, Ramalhete C, André V, Spengler G, Mulhovo S, Duarte MT, Ferreira MJU. Cucurbalsaminones A-C, Rearranged Triterpenoids with a 5/6/3/6/5-Fused Pentacyclic Carbon Skeleton from Momordica balsamina, as Multidrug Resistance Reversers. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2138-2143. [PMID: 31339732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Three new triterpenoids, cucurbalsaminones A-C (1-3), featuring a unique 5/6/3/6/5-fused pentacyclic carbon skeleton, named cucurbalsaminane, were isolated from a methanol extract of Momordica balsamina. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and corroborated, for 1, by structure solution using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. A hypothetical biogenetic pathway for these compounds is proposed. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) modulation ability, using a mouse T-lymphoma MDR1-transfected cell model by the rhodamine-123 accumulation assay, and displayed potent multidrug resistance (MDR)-reversing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Mónico
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidade de Lisboa , Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto , 1649-003 Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Cátia Ramalhete
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidade de Lisboa , Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto , 1649-003 Lisbon , Portugal
- ATLÂNTICA - Escola Universitária de Ciências Empresariais, Saúde, Tecnologias e Engenharia , Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena, 2730-036 Barcarena, Oeiras , Portugal
| | - Vânia André
- Centro de Química Estrutural , Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Avenida Rovisco Pais , 1049-001 Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Szeged , Dóm tér 10 , H-6720 Szeged , Hungary
| | - Silva Mulhovo
- Centro de Estudos Moçambicanos e de Etnociências, Faculdade de Ciências e Matemática , Universidade Pedagógica , 21402161 Maputo , Mozambique
| | - M Teresa Duarte
- Centro de Química Estrutural , Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Avenida Rovisco Pais , 1049-001 Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Maria-José U Ferreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidade de Lisboa , Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto , 1649-003 Lisbon , Portugal
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21
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Ludidi A, Baloyi MC, Khathi A, Sibiya NH, Ngubane PS. The effects of Momordica balsamina methanolic extract on haematological function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: Effects on selected markers. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 116:108925. [PMID: 31112874 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hyperglycaemia-induced haematological changes increase the risk of cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients. The administration of insulin injection as a bolus is accompanied with increased blood viscosity, which is not recommended for patients with congestive heart failure. Momordica balsamina methanolic extract (MB) has previously been shown to possess anti-hyperglycaemic and renal dysfunction ameliorative effects; however, the haematological effects of MB have not been shown. The current study therefore, investigated the short-term effects MB on selected haematological parameters in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Briefly, the air-dried Momordica balsamina leaves were sequentially extracted with methanol to yield a methanolic extract. STZ-induced diabetic rats were divided into untreated and treated groups with insulin (170 μg kg-1 s.c.) and metformin (500 mg kg-1 p.o.) MB (250 mg kg-1 p.o.). MB was administered twice daily for the 5-week experimental period. Blood glucose concentration was monitored weekly. Animals were sacrificed terminally. Blood and kidneys were collected for haematological and biochemical analysis respectively. RESULTS Treatment with MB significantly decreased blood glucose concentration and improved erythropoietin secretion, thus significantly increasing red blood cell production in treated diabetic animals by comparison to untreated animals. MB also significantly improved haemoglobin concentrations and moderately increased erythrocyte indices specifically, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) to no significance by comparison to untreated diabetic animals. MB treatment decreased the oxidative stress evoked by the induction of diabetes while improving the antioxidant status of treated animals by comparison to untreated animals respectively. CONCLUSIONS Administration of Momordica balsamina methanolic extract protects against some injurious haematological changes induced by hyperglycaemia, which may reduce the risks of cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ludidi
- Department of Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4000, South Africa.
| | - M C Baloyi
- Department of Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4000, South Africa
| | - A Khathi
- Department of Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4000, South Africa
| | - N H Sibiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, 6140, South Africa
| | - P S Ngubane
- Department of Human Physiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4000, South Africa
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Okwu MU, Olley M, Akpoka AO, Izevbuwa OE. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and anti-MRSA activities of extracts of some medicinal plants: A brief review. AIMS Microbiol 2019; 5:117-137. [PMID: 31384707 PMCID: PMC6642907 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2019.2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant infection causing microorganisms has become a significant burden globally. Despite the efforts of pharmaceuticals in producing relatively new antimicrobial drugs, they have resulted in a high rate of mortality, disability and diseases across the world especially in developing countries. Supporting this claim was the report of the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) who estimated that over 2 million illnesses and 23,000 deaths per year are attributable to antibiotic resistant pathogens in the United States. They include Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA), Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing gram-negative bacilli, Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP), Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. For MRSA, resistance is as a result of Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains that have acquired Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) which carries mecA gene. The gene encodes the penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) which confers resistance to all β-lactam antibiotics. Vancomycin was previously the widely preferred drug for the treatment of MRSA infections. It is no longer the case with the emergence of S. aureus strains with reduced vancomycin sensitivity limiting the conventional treatment options for MRSA infections to very scanty expensive drugs. Presently, many researchers have reported the antibacterial activity of many plant extracts on MRSA. Hence, these medicinal plants might be promising candidates for treatment of MRSA infections. This work is a brief review on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the anti-MRSA activities of extracts of selected medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen U. Okwu
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Igbinedion University Okada, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Mitsan Olley
- Department of Pathology, Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, Okada, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Augustine O. Akpoka
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Igbinedion University Okada, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Osazee E. Izevbuwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Igbinedion University Okada, Edo State, Nigeria
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Salehi B, Kumar NVA, Şener B, Sharifi-Rad M, Kılıç M, Mahady GB, Vlaisavljevic S, Iriti M, Kobarfard F, Setzer WN, Ayatollahi SA, Ata A, Sharifi-Rad J. Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1459. [PMID: 29757986 PMCID: PMC5983620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the epidemic, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has infected around 70 million people worldwide, most of whom reside is sub-Saharan Africa. There have been very promising developments in the treatment of HIV with anti-retroviral drug cocktails. However, drug resistance to anti-HIV drugs is emerging, and many people infected with HIV have adverse reactions or do not have ready access to currently available HIV chemotherapies. Thus, there is a need to discover new anti-HIV agents to supplement our current arsenal of anti-HIV drugs and to provide therapeutic options for populations with limited resources or access to currently efficacious chemotherapies. Plant-derived natural products continue to serve as a reservoir for the discovery of new medicines, including anti-HIV agents. This review presents a survey of plants that have shown anti-HIV activity, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 88777539 Tehran, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 22439789 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nanjangud V Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, India.
| | - Bilge Şener
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, 61663-335 Zabol, Iran.
| | - Mehtap Kılıç
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gail B Mahady
- PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Traditional Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Sanja Vlaisavljevic
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 11369 Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 11369 Tehran, Iran.
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 11369 Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 11369 Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada.
| | - Athar Ata
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 11369 Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada.
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Siboto A, Sibiya N, Khathi A, Ngubane P. The Effects of Momordica balsamina Methanolic Extract on Kidney Function in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats: Effects on Selected Metabolic Markers. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:7341242. [PMID: 30009183 PMCID: PMC6020477 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7341242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that Momordica balsamina (intshungu) possesses hypoglycaemic effects. The effects of Momordica balsamina on diabetic complications such as DN, however, have not been established. Accordingly, this study seeks to investigate the effects of M. balsamina on kidney function in STZ-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Methanolic extracts (ME) of M. balsamina's leaves were used in this study. Short-term effects of M. balsamina methanolic extract on kidney function and MAP were studied in STZ-induced diabetic rats treated twice daily with M. balsamina methanolic extract (250 mg/kg), insulin (175 μg/kg, s.c.), and metformin (500 mg/kg) for 5 weeks. RESULTS M. balsamina methanolic extract significantly increased Na+ excretion outputs in STZ-induced diabetic rats by comparison to STZ-diabetic control rats. M. balsamina methanolic extract significantly increased GFR in STZ-diabetic rats with a concomitant decrease in creatinine concentration and also reduced kidney-to-body ratio, albumin excretion rate (AER), and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR). M. balsamina methanolic extract significantly reduced MAP in STZ-diabetic animals by comparison with STZ-diabetic control animals. These results suggest that M. balsamina methanolic extract not only lowers blood glucose but also has beneficial effects on kidney function and blood pressure. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that M. balsamina may have beneficial effects on some processes that are associated with renal derangement in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelisiwe Siboto
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ntethelelo Sibiya
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andile Khathi
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Phikelelani Ngubane
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Ajji PK, Binder MJ, Walder K, Puri M. Balsamin induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells via DNA fragmentation and cell cycle arrest. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 432:189-198. [PMID: 28378131 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer causing death worldwide with metastasis and disease relapse being the major drawbacks in current treatments. Therefore, development of novel drugs is needed. Balsamin, a 28 kDa Type I ribosome-inactivating protein, is rich in the seeds of Momordica balsamina. In this study, the molecular mechanism and the possible effects of balsamin on the two key hallmarks of cancer were investigated. Firstly, the induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 and BT549 cells showed that balsamin-induced apoptosis involved increases in caspase-3 and caspase-8 activity, upregulation of Bax, Bid, and Bad, and downregulation of BCL-2 and BCL-XL. Furthermore, balsamin inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 24.53 and 32.79 µg/ml for MCF-7 and BT549 cells, respectively. Moreover, flow cytometric analysis revealed that balsamin induced S-/G-phase cell cycle arrest. Our studies show that balsamin has anti-tumor activity and could be used as a neutraceutical for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parminder K Ajji
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Marley J Binder
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- School of Medicine, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Munish Puri
- Bioprocessing Laboratory, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia. .,Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
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Adverse Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extracts and the Major Components in the Stems of Impatiens balsamina L. on Caenorhabditis elegans. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4245830. [PMID: 28326124 PMCID: PMC5343276 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4245830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Impatiens balsamina L. (Balsaminaceae), an annual herb found throughout China, has been extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, our knowledge regarding the adverse effects of I. balsamina in vivo is very limited. In this present study, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans model was employed to fully assess the adverse effects of hydroalcoholic (EtOH 55%) extracts of I. balsamina stems (HAEIBS) in vivo. After exposure to 10 mg/mL HAEIBS, the major organism-level endpoints of C. elegans of percent survival, frequency of head thrash and body bends, and reproduction had decreased by 24%, 30%, and 25%, respectively. The lifespan of C. elegans was also greatly reduced after HAEIBS exposure compared to the controls. The active compounds in HAEIBS were separated using high speed countercurrent chromatograph (HSCCC) and characterized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Two compounds, lawsone and 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (MNQ), and their adverse effects were then more thoroughly detailed in this study. It was found that lawsone is the major toxin in HAEIBS with a higher toxicity than MNQ in terms of negative impact on C. elegans mortality, locomotion, reproduction, and lifespan. Our data also suggests that the C. elegans model may be useful for assessing the possible toxicity of other Chinese medicines, plant extracts, and/or compounds.
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Kaushik U, Aeri V, Showkat RM, Ali M. Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids from the Blood Glucose-Lowering Extracts of Coccinia indica and Momordica balsamina Fruits. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S115-S121. [PMID: 28479735 PMCID: PMC5407102 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.203991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Few vegetables that are commonly consumed in India as part of diet have been claimed for their antidiabetic potential. OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed at evaluating preventive effects of cucurbit vegetables namely, Coccinia indica and Momordica balsamina belonging to family Cucurbitaceae in diabetic hyperglycemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The fruits of M. balsamina and C. indica were extracted with chloroform and fractionated with hexane to prepare an extract rich in moderately polar components. These extracts were used for evaluating the effect of these cucurbits in nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes. Streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic animals were orally treated with chloroform extract of fruits (250 mg/kg BW) given daily for a week separately. RESULTS Both the extracts reduced fasting blood glucose significantly (P < 0.05 versus diabetic control) when estimated on seventh day of treatments. Pretreatment with fruit extracts for 7 days also blunted the OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) curve. Results indicated that C. indica and M. balsamina fruits possess beneficial effects in diabetes by lowering elevated blood glucose level. Six cucurbitane-type triterpenoids were isolated from bioactive extracts of C. indica ((1-3) and M. balsamina (4-6). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis. CONCLUSION The study concludes that the inclusion of C. indica and M. balsamina fruits in food can be useful for newly diagnosed diabetic patients or highrisk group of population for glycemic control. SUMMARY "Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from the blood glucose-lowering extracts of Coccinia indica and M. balsamina fruit" The beneficial effects of chloroform extracts of vegetal cucurbits namely C. indica (Ivy gourd) and M. balsamina (Balsam apple) in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA)-induced diabetic rats has been evaluated.The isolation and characterization of six cucurbitacins from bioactive extracts of C. indica (Coccinoside A, B, and C) and M. balsamina (cucurbit-5, 7-dien-3ß-ol, cucurbita-5-en-3ß-ol-3-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside, and cucurbit-5-en-3ß-ol-3-O-ß-d-glucopyranosyl-(4'→1")-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside) have been reported for the first time.The study concludes that the inclusion of C. indica and M. balsamina fruits in food can be useful for newly diagnosed diabetic patients or high risk group of population for glycemic control. Abbreviation used: C: indica (Coccinia indica), M: balsamina (Momordica balsamina), Kbr: Potassium bromide, FTIR: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, COSY: Corelated Spectroscopy, DEPT: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer, DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide, TMS: tetramethylsilane, ESI-MS: Electrospray Ionization mass spectrometry, TLC: thin layer chromatography, STZ-NA: Streptozotocin-nicotinamide, CMC: carboxy methyl cellulose, BW: body weight, ANOVA: analysis of variance, AUC: area under curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Kaushik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Vidhu Aeri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - R. Mir Showkat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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Ramalhete C, Mulhovo S, Molnar J, Ferreira MJU. Triterpenoids from Momordica balsamina: Reversal of ABCB1-mediated multidrug resistance. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5061-5067. [PMID: 27591010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability as P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) modulators of thirty (1-30) triterpenoids of the cucurbitane-type was evaluated on human L5178 mouse T-lymphoma cell line transfected with the human MDR1 gene, through the rhodamine-123 exclusion assay. Compounds (1-26, and 29, 30) were previously obtained from the African medicinal plant Momordica balsamina, through both isolation (1-15) and molecular derivatization (16-26 and 29, 30). Compounds 27-28 are two new karavilagenin C (34) derivatives having succinic acid moieties. Apart from 4, 6, 8, 10 and 11, most of the isolated compounds (1-15) displayed strong MDR reversing activity in a dose-dependent mode, exhibiting a many-fold activity when compared with verapamil, used as positive control. At the lowest concentration tested, compounds 2 and 7 were the most active. However, a decrease of activity was found for the acyl derivatives (16-30). In a chemosensitivity assay, the MDR reversing activity of some of the most active compounds (1-3, 5, 7, 12-15) was further assessed on the same cell model. All the tested compounds, excepting 15, corroborated the results of the transport assay, revealing to synergistically interact with doxorubicin. Structure-activity relationship studies, taking into account previous results, showed that different substitution patterns, at both the tetracyclic nucleus and the side chain, play important role in ABCB1 reversal activity. An optimal lipophilicity was also recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Ramalhete
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Silva Mulhovo
- Centro de Estudos Moçambicanos e de Etnociências, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Pedagogical University, 21402161 Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Joseph Molnar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Maria-José U Ferreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
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29
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Picking Edible and Medicinal Plants: Exotic "Apples" and "Pears". Wilderness Environ Med 2015; 27:168-70. [PMID: 26687419 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Food prospects and nutraceutical attributes of Momordica species: A potential tropical bioresources – A review. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Dual-stage triterpenoids from an African medicinal plant targeting the malaria parasite. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3887-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Madala NE, Tugizimana F, Steenkamp PA. Development and Optimization of an UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS Method Based on an In-Source Collision Induced Dissociation Approach for Comprehensive Discrimination of Chlorogenic Acids Isomers from Momordica Plant Species. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2014; 2014:650879. [PMID: 25295221 PMCID: PMC4177087 DOI: 10.1155/2014/650879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acids (CGA) have been profiled in the leaves of Momordica balsamina, Momordica charantia, and Momordica foetida. All three species were found to contain the trans and cis isomers of 4-acyl para-coumaroylquinic acid (pCoQA), caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), and feruloylquinic acid (FQA). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of pCoQA and FQA and their cis isomers in these Momordica species. These profiles were obtained by a newly developed UPLC-qTOF-MS method based on the in-source collision induced dissociation (ISCID) method optimized to mimic the MS(2) and MS(3) fragmentation of an ion trap-based MS. The presence of the cis isomers is believed to be due to high UV exposure of these plants. Furthermore, the absence of the 3-acyl and 5-acyl CGA molecules points to a metabolic mark that is unusual and represents a very interesting biochemical phenotype of these species. Our optimized ISCID method was also shown to be able to distinguish between the geometrical isomers of all three forms of CGA, a phenomenon previously deemed impossible with other common mass spectrometry systems used for CGA analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. E. Madala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
- *N. E. Madala:
| | - F. Tugizimana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - P. A. Steenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
- CSIR Biosciences, Natural Products and Agroprocessing Group, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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33
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Triterpenoids as inhibitors of erythrocytic and liver stages of Plasmodium infections. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:7474-81. [PMID: 22071523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of Momordica balsamina led to the isolation of two new cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, balsaminol F (1) and balsaminoside B (2), along with the known glycosylated cucurbitacins, cucurbita-5,24-diene-3β,23(R)-diol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3) and kuguaglycoside A (4). Compound 1 was acylated yielding two new triesters, triacetylbalsaminol F (5) and tribenzoylbalsaminol F (6). The structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods including 2D-NMR experiments (COSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY). Compounds 1-6, were evaluated for their antimalarial activity against the erythrocytic stages of the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-sensitive strain 3D7 and the chloroquine-resistant clone Dd2. Assessment of compounds (1-3 and 5, 6) activity against the liver stage of Plasmodium berghei was also performed, measuring the luminescence intensity in Huh-7 cells infected with a firefly luciferase-expressing P. berghei line, PbGFP-Luc(con). Active compounds were shown to inhibit the parasite's intracellular development rather than its ability to invade hepatic cells. Toxicity of compounds (1-3 and 5, 6) was assessed on the same cell line and on mouse primary hepatocytes through the fluorescence measurement of cell confluency. Furthermore, toxicity of compounds 1-6 towards human cells was also investigated in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, showing that they were not toxic or exhibited weak toxicity. In blood stages of P. falciparum, compounds 1-5 displayed antimalarial activity, revealing triacetylbalsaminol F (5) the highest antiplasmodial effects (IC(50) values: 0.4μM, 3D7; 0.2μM, Dd2). The highest antiplasmodial activity against the liver stages of P.berghei was also displayed by compound 5, with high inhibitory activity and no toxicity.
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34
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Thakur GS, Pandey M, Sharma R, Sanodiya BS, Prasad GBKS, Bisen PS. Factors affecting in vitro propagation of Momordica balsamina: a medicinal and nutritional climber. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 17:193-197. [PMID: 23573009 PMCID: PMC3550547 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-011-0052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A protocol was developed for multiple shoot induction in a climber with highly medicinal and nutritional values i.e. Momordica balsamina (Cucurbitaceae). Effects of various factors on micropropagation were also studied. Addition of BAP at 1.0 mg/l in MS medium stimulated proliferation of shoots with 6-8 coefficients from the axillary buds. Low concentration of activated charcoal (0.2 %) promoted shoot elongation and reduced callus formation. The combination of 1.0 mg/l BAP and 1.0 mg/l KN promoted shoot elongation and proliferation. NAA proved to be more effective in inducing higher number of roots per shoot than IBA. The plantlets raised in vitro were acclimatized in green house and successfully transplanted to natural condition with 85 % survival. The present investigation showed that direct regeneration of M. balsamina offer a good opportunity to use micropropagation technique as a complementary tool for breeding and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulab Singh Thakur
- />Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, R&D Division, Tropilite Foods Pvt. Ltd, Davar Campus, Tansen Road, Gwalior, 474002 MP India
- />School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011 MP India
| | - Mukeshwar Pandey
- />Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Jaipur Engineering College and Research Center, Sitapura, Tonk Road, Jaipur, 302022 Rajasthan India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- />Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, R&D Division, Tropilite Foods Pvt. Ltd, Davar Campus, Tansen Road, Gwalior, 474002 MP India
| | - Bhagwan Singh Sanodiya
- />Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, R&D Division, Tropilite Foods Pvt. Ltd, Davar Campus, Tansen Road, Gwalior, 474002 MP India
- />School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011 MP India
| | - G. B. K. S. Prasad
- />School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011 MP India
| | - Prakash Singh Bisen
- />Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, R&D Division, Tropilite Foods Pvt. Ltd, Davar Campus, Tansen Road, Gwalior, 474002 MP India
- />Research and Development Centre, Bisen Biotech and Biopharma Pvt. Ltd, Biotech Research Park, M-7, Laxmipuram, Transport Nagar, Gwalior, 474010 MP India
- />School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011 MP India
- />Defense Research and Development Establishment (DRDE), Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002 India
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35
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Ramalhete C, Lopes D, Molnár J, Mulhovo S, Rosário VE, Ferreira MJU. Karavilagenin C derivatives as antimalarials. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 19:330-8. [PMID: 21129980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Karavilagenin C (1), a cucurbitane-type triterpenoid, previously isolated from the aerial parts of Momordica balsamina, was acylated with different alkanoyl, aroyl and cinnamoyl chlorides/anydrides, yielding ten new mono or diesters, karavoates F (7) and H-P (8-16). Furthermore, the new compound cucurbalsaminol C (17) was isolated from the same plant. Their structures were assigned by spectroscopic methods, including 2D NMR experiments. Compounds 1 and 17 and the acyl derivatives 8-16 along with other five esters (2-6, karavoates A-E), previously prepared from 1, were evaluated for their in vitro antimalarial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and the chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Compound 1 exhibited a moderate activity and 17 was inactive. However, a remarkable antiplasmodial activity was observed for most of karavilagenin C alkanoyl and monoaroyl/cynamoyl derivatives. Karavoates B, D, E, I, and M were the most active, displaying IC(50) values similar to those found for chloroquine, particularly against the resistant strain (IC(50) <0.6μM). Structure-activity relationships (SAR) are discussed. Moreover, the preliminary toxicity toward human cells of compounds 1-17 was also evaluated in breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Most of the esters showed no toxicity, displaying, in general, much higher selectivity index values than those obtained for the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Ramalhete
- iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1600-083 Lisbon, Portugal
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