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Baiskhanova D, Schäfer H. The Role of Nrf2 in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Function and Ferroptosis in Pancreatic Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:696. [PMID: 38929135 PMCID: PMC11201043 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) represents the master regulator of the cellular antioxidant response and plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. This includes a preventive effect of Nrf2 on cell death through ferroptosis, which represents an essential mechanism of therapy resistance in malignant tumors, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) as one of the most aggressive and still incurable tumors. Addressing this issue, we provide an overview on Nrf2 mediated antioxidant response with particular emphasis on its effect on mitochondria as the organelle responsible for the execution of ferroptosis. We further outline how deregulated Nrf2 adds to the progression and therapy resistance of PDAC, especially with respect to the role of ferroptosis in anti-cancer drug mediated cell killing and how this is impaired by Nrf2 as an essential mechanism of drug resistance. Our review further discusses recent approaches for Nrf2 inhibition by natural and synthetic compounds to overcome drug resistance based on enhanced ferroptosis. Finally, we provide an outlook on therapeutic strategies based on Nrf2 inhibition combined with ferroptosis inducing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinara Baiskhanova
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology and Tumor Biology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
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2
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Mukherjee AG, Gopalakrishnan AV. The mechanistic insights of the antioxidant Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in oncogenesis: a deadly scenario. Med Oncol 2023; 40:248. [PMID: 37480500 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein has garnered significant interest due to its crucial function in safeguarding cells and tissues. The Nrf2 protein is crucial in preserving tissue integrity by safeguarding cells against metabolic, xenobiotic and oxidative stress. Due to its various functions, Nrf2 is a potential pharmacological target for reducing the incidence of diseases such as cancer. However, mutations in Keap1-Nrf2 are not consistently favored in all types of cancer. Instead, they seem to interact with specific driver mutations of tumors and their respective tissue origins. The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nrf2 pathway mutations are a powerful cancer adaptation that utilizes inherent cytoprotective pathways, encompassing nutrient metabolism and ROS regulation. The augmentation of Nrf2 activity elicits significant alterations in the characteristics of neoplastic cells, such as resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, safeguarding against apoptosis, heightened invasiveness, hindered senescence, impaired autophagy and increased angiogenesis. The altered activity of Nrf2 can arise from diverse genetic and epigenetic modifications that instantly impact Nrf2 regulation. The present study aims to showcase the correlation between the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and the progression of cancers, emphasizing genetic mutations, metabolic processes, immune regulation, and potential therapeutic strategies. This article delves into the intricacies of Nrf2 pathway anomalies in cancer, the potential ramifications of uncontrolled Nrf2 activity, and therapeutic interventions to modulate the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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3
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Zhao C, Miao J, Sun R, Liang R, Chen W, Gao Y, Wang X, Han S, Zhao W, Lei T, Huang C. MBD1/HDAC3-miR-5701-FGFR2 axis promotes the development of gastric cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:5878-5894. [PMID: 35876658 PMCID: PMC9365560 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide due to the lack of specific biomarkers for the early diagnosis and universal accepted therapy for advanced GC. Lower levels of miR-5701 were found in the GC tissue from the online sequencing data and confirmed in the GC tissues and GC cell lines. Overexpression of miR-5701 inhibited the proliferation and migration of GC cells and promoted the apoptosis of these cells. Bioinformatics analyses and luciferase assay showed that miR-5701 targeted FGFR2, which acted as an oncogene in GC. Nude mice with GC cells overexpressing miR-5701 exhibited smaller tumor sizes and less lung metastases. The miR-5701 expression was directly, transcriptionally inhibited by MBD1 together with HDAC3 by binding together to form a complex. Knocked down MBD1 or HDAC3 increased the miR-5701 expression. These results indicated the potential use of exogenously administered miR-5701 or agents that elevated endogenous miR-5701 to inhibit GC, improving the prognosis of patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Jiyu Miao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Ruifang Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Chest Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenhu Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical School of Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Shuiping Han
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenbao Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Chen Huang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China
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4
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Zhang S, Duan S, Xie Z, Bao W, Xu B, Yang W, Zhou L. Epigenetic Therapeutics Targeting NRF2/KEAP1 Signaling in Cancer Oxidative Stress. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:924817. [PMID: 35754474 PMCID: PMC9218606 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.924817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and its negative regulator kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) regulate various genes involved in redox homeostasis, which protects cells from stress conditions such as reactive oxygen species and therefore exerts beneficial effects on suppression of carcinogenesis. In addition to their pivotal role in cellular physiology, accumulating innovative studies indicated that NRF2/KEAP1-governed pathways may conversely be oncogenic and cause therapy resistance, which was profoundly modulated by epigenetic mechanism. Therefore, targeting epigenetic regulation in NRF2/KEAP1 signaling is a potential strategy for cancer treatment. In this paper, the current knowledge on the role of NRF2/KEAP1 signaling in cancer oxidative stress is presented, with a focus on how epigenetic modifications might influence cancer initiation and progression. Furthermore, the prospect that epigenetic changes may be used as therapeutic targets for tumor treatment is also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sining Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuojun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanlin Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Medical Affairs, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Voutsadakis IA. Mutations of p53 associated with pancreatic cancer and therapeutic implications. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2021; 25:315-327. [PMID: 34402431 PMCID: PMC8382872 DOI: 10.14701/ahbps.2021.25.3.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a malignancy with rising incidence and grim prognosis. Despite improvements in therapeutics for treating metastatic pancreatic cancer, this disease is invariably fatal with survival time less than a few years. New molecular understanding of the pathogenesis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma based on efforts led by The Cancer Genome Atlas and other groups has elucidated the landscape of this disease and started to produce therapeutic results, leading to the first introduction of targeted therapies for subsets of pancreatic cancers bearing specific molecular lesions such as BRCA mutations. These efforts have highlighted that subsets of pancreatic cancers are particularly sensitive to chemotherapy. The most common molecular lesions in pancreatic adenocarcinomas are mutations in an oncogene KRAS and the TP53 gene that encodes for tumor suppressor protein p53. This paper will review the landscape of pancreatic cancers, focusing on mutations of p53, a major tumor suppressor protein, in pancreatic cancers and possible therapeutic repercussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada.,Section of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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Smolková K, Mikó E, Kovács T, Leguina-Ruzzi A, Sipos A, Bai P. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 in Regulating Cancer Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:966-997. [PMID: 31989830 PMCID: PMC7533893 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (NFE2L2, or NRF2) is a transcription factor predominantly affecting the expression of antioxidant genes. NRF2 plays a significant role in the control of redox balance, which is crucial in cancer cells. NRF2 activation regulates numerous cancer hallmarks, including metabolism, cancer stem cell characteristics, tumor aggressiveness, invasion, and metastasis formation. We review the molecular characteristics of the NRF2 pathway and discuss its interactions with the cancer hallmarks previously listed. Recent Advances: The noncanonical activation of NRF2 was recently discovered, and members of this pathway are involved in carcinogenesis. Further, cancer-related changes (e.g., metabolic flexibility) that support cancer progression were found to be redox- and NRF2 dependent. Critical Issues: NRF2 undergoes Janus-faced behavior in cancers. The pro- or antineoplastic effects of NRF2 are context dependent and essentially based on the specific molecular characteristics of the cancer in question. Therefore, systematic investigation of NRF2 signaling is necessary to clarify its role in cancer etiology. The biggest challenge in the NRF2 field is to determine which cancers can be targeted for better clinical outcomes. Further, large-scale genomic and transcriptomic studies are missing to correlate the clinical outcome with the activity of the NRF2 system. Future Directions: To exploit NRF2 in a clinical setting in the future, the druggable members of the NRF2 pathway should be identified. In addition, it will be important to study how the modulation of the NRF2 system interferes with cytostatic drugs and their combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Smolková
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IPHYS CAS), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Edit Mikó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alberto Leguina-Ruzzi
- Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IPHYS CAS), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary.,Faculty of Medicine, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Epigenetic Regulation of NRF2/KEAP1 by Phytochemicals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090865. [PMID: 32938017 PMCID: PMC7555619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics has provided a new dimension to our understanding of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (human NRF2/KEAP1 and murine Nrf2/Keap1) signaling. Unlike the genetic changes affecting DNA sequence, the reversible nature of epigenetic alterations provides an attractive avenue for cancer interception. Thus, targeting epigenetic mechanisms in the corresponding signaling networks represents an enticing strategy for therapeutic intervention with dietary phytochemicals acting at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. This regulation involves the interplay of histone modifications and DNA methylation states in the human NFE2L2/KEAP1 and murine Nfe2l2/Keap1 genes, acetylation of lysine residues in NRF2 and Nrf2, interaction with bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) acetyl “reader” proteins, and non-coding RNAs such as microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Phytochemicals documented to modulate NRF2 signaling act by reversing hypermethylated states in the CpG islands of NFE2L2 or Nfe2l2, via the inhibition of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), through the induction of ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, or by inducing miRNA to target the 3′-UTR of the corresponding mRNA transcripts. To date, fewer than twenty phytochemicals have been reported as NRF2 epigenetic modifiers, including curcumin, sulforaphane, resveratrol, reserpine, and ursolic acid. This opens avenues for exploring additional dietary phytochemicals that regulate the human epigenome, and the potential for novel strategies to target NRF2 signaling with a view to beneficial interception of cancer and other chronic diseases.
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Cheng Y, He C, Wang M, Ma X, Mo F, Yang S, Han J, Wei X. Targeting epigenetic regulators for cancer therapy: mechanisms and advances in clinical trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:62. [PMID: 31871779 PMCID: PMC6915746 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 577] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alternations concern heritable yet reversible changes in histone or DNA modifications that regulate gene activity beyond the underlying sequence. Epigenetic dysregulation is often linked to human disease, notably cancer. With the development of various drugs targeting epigenetic regulators, epigenetic-targeted therapy has been applied in the treatment of hematological malignancies and has exhibited viable therapeutic potential for solid tumors in preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the aberrant functions of enzymes in DNA methylation, histone acetylation and histone methylation during tumor progression and highlight the development of inhibitors of or drugs targeted at epigenetic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cai He
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Manni Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Mo
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhong Han
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Qin JJ, Cheng XD, Zhang J, Zhang WD. Dual roles and therapeutic potential of Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in pancreatic cancer: a systematic review. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:121. [PMID: 31511020 PMCID: PMC6740038 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most fatal diseases with a very high rate of metastasis and low rate of survival. Despite the advances in understanding this devastating disease, PC still accounts for 3% of all cancers and causes almost 7% of death of cancer patients. Recent studies have demonstrated that the transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its key negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) are dysregulated in PC and the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway is an emerging target for PC prevention and therapy. Indeed, Nrf2 plays an either tumor-suppressive or promoting function in PC, which depends on the developmental stages of the disease and the cellular context. Several natural-product Nrf2 activators have been developed to prevent pancreatic carcinogenesis, while the Nrf2 inhibitors have been examined for their efficacy in inhibiting PC growth and metastasis and reversing chemoresistance. However, further preclinical and clinical studies for determining the effectiveness and safety of targeting the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway for PC prevention and therapy are warranted. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the dual roles of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in PC as well as the current targeting strategies and known activators and inhibitors of Nrf2. We also propose new strategies that may be used to address the current issues and develop more specific and more effective Nrf2 activator/inhibitors for PC prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Jiang Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China. .,Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
| | | | - Jia Zhang
- Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200433, China. .,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Wensheng L, Bo Z, Qiangsheng H, Wenyan X, Shunrong J, Jin X, Quanxing N, Xianjun Y, Xiaowu X. MBD1 promotes the malignant behavior of gallbladder cancer cells and induces chemotherapeutic resistance to gemcitabine. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:232. [PMID: 31516389 PMCID: PMC6734348 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methyl-CpG binding domain protein 1 (MBD1), which couples DNA methylation to transcriptional repression, has been implicated in transcriptional regulation, heterochromatin formation, genomic stability, cell cycle progression and development. It has also been proven that MBD1 is involved in tumor development and progression. However, whether MBD1 is involved in tumorigenesis, especially in gallbladder cancer, is totally unknown. Methods Human GBC-SD and SGC996 cells were used to perform experiments. Invasion, wound healing and colony formation assays were performed to evaluate cell viability. A CCK-8 assay was performed to assess gallbladder cancer cell viability after gemcitabine treatment. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate changes in protein expression. Human gallbladder cancer tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues were subjected to immunohistochemical staining to detect protein expression. Results We found that MBD1 expression was significantly upregulated in gallbladder cancer tissues compared with that in surrounding normal tissues according to immunohistochemical analysis of 84 surgically resected gallbladder cancer specimens. These data also indicated that higher MBD1 expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival in gallbladder cancer patients. Overexpression and deletion in vitro validated MBD1 as a potent oncogene promoting malignant behaviors in gallbladder cancer cells, including invasion, proliferation and migration, as well as epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Studies have demonstrated that epithelial–mesenchymal transition is common in gallbladder cancer, and it is well known that drug resistance and epithelial–mesenchymal transition are very closely correlated. Herein, our data show that targeting MBD1 restored gallbladder cancer cell sensitivity to gemcitabine chemotherapy. Conclusions Taken together, the results of our study revealed a novel function of MBD1 in gallbladder cancer tumor development and progression through participation in the gallbladder cancer epithelial–mesenchymal transition program, which is involved in resistance to gemcitabine chemotherapy. Thus, MBD1 may be a potential therapeutic target for gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wensheng
- 1Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China.,2Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,3Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Bo
- 1Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China.,2Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,3Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Qiangsheng
- 1Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China.,2Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,3Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wenyan
- 1Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China.,2Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,3Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Shunrong
- 1Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China.,2Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,3Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Jin
- 1Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China.,2Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,3Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Quanxing
- 1Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China.,2Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,3Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xianjun
- 1Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China.,2Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,3Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Xiaowu
- 1Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032 Shanghai, China.,2Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,3Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, 200032 Shanghai, China
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Potential Applications of NRF2 Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8592348. [PMID: 31097977 PMCID: PMC6487091 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8592348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The NRF2/KEAP1 pathway represents one of the most important cell defense mechanisms against exogenous or endogenous stressors. Indeed, by increasing the expression of several cytoprotective genes, the transcription factor NRF2 can shelter cells and tissues from multiple sources of damage including xenobiotic, electrophilic, metabolic, and oxidative stress. Importantly, the aberrant activation or accumulation of NRF2, a common event in many tumors, confers a selective advantage to cancer cells and is associated to malignant progression, therapy resistance, and poor prognosis. Hence, in the last years, NRF2 has emerged as a promising target in cancer treatment and many efforts have been made to identify therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting its prooncogenic role. By summarizing the results from past and recent studies, in this review, we provide an overview concerning the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway, its biological impact in solid and hematologic malignancies, and the molecular mechanisms causing NRF2 hyperactivation in cancer cells. Finally, we also describe some of the most promising therapeutic approaches that have been successfully employed to counteract NRF2 activity in tumors, with a particular emphasis on the development of natural compounds and the adoption of drug repurposing strategies.
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12
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Zhang B, Wu J, Cai Y, Luo M, Wang B, Gu Y. TCF7L1 indicates prognosis and promotes proliferation through activation of Keap1/NRF2 in gastric cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:375-385. [PMID: 30811526 PMCID: PMC6460344 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Although significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment for the cancer, less improvement has been made in overall survival rate. Thus, there is an urgent need for a better understanding of the biological aspects of the cancer. The transcription factor transcription factor 7-like 1 (TCF7L1) is an embryonic stem cell signature gene that is upregulated in multiple aggressive cancer types, but its role in gastric cancer has seldom been discussed. In the present study, by using the Cancer Genome Atlas dataset analysis, we demonstrated that patients with higher expression of TCF7L1 could be used to reflect prognosis. An examination of the mechanisms demonstrated that TCF7L1 could positively regulate antioxidant response in gastric cancer cells by positively regulating Keap1/NRF2 [Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2] pathway. Collectively, our data demonstrated that TCF7L1 is a novel marker for predicting overall survival of gastric cancer and provided the possible underlying molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beili Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jugang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yantao Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang B, Ma Z, Tan B, Lin N. Targeting the cell signaling pathway Keap1-Nrf2 as a therapeutic strategy for adenocarcinomas of the lung. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 23:241-250. [PMID: 30556750 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1559824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1/Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like factor 2 (Keap1-Nrf2) signaling plays a pivotal role in response to oxidative stress in lung cancer. Mutations in KEAP1/NFE2L2 genes always cause persistent Nrf2 activation in lung cancer cells that confer therapeutic resistance and aggressive tumorigenic activity, dictating either poor prognosis or short duration of response to chemotherapy in clinical observations. Areas covered: We provide a review of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of Keap1-Nrf2 at different stages, including genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications, translational/post-translational alterations, and protein-protein interactions. Based on the current knowledge, we discuss the possibilities of intervening Keap1-Nrf2 in lung adenocarcinoma as a therapeutic target. Expert opinion: It is prevalently conceived that Keap1-Nrf2 signaling plays different roles at diverse stages of cancer. Although various Nrf2 or Keap1 inhibitors have been reported during the last decades, none of these inhibitors are currently under clinical studies or in clinical applications, suggesting that sole inhibition of Nrf2 might not be sufficient to suppress tumor growth. On the basis of current studies, we suggest that the rational combination of Nrf2 suppression with chemical agents which cause enhanced oxidative imbalance or abnormal metabolism would be promising in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China.,b Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Biqin Tan
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Nengming Lin
- a Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China.,b Translational Medicine Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
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14
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Fan K, Yang C, Fan Z, Huang Q, Zhang Y, Cheng H, Jin K, Lu Y, Wang Z, Luo G, Yu X, Liu C. MUC16 C terminal-induced secretion of tumor-derived IL-6 contributes to tumor-associated Treg enrichment in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 418:167-175. [PMID: 29337110 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the most lethal tumor. CA125 (gene symbol MUC16) is an important serum marker for pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment. High serum CA125 is related to metabolic tumor burden and poor prognosis. The circulating Treg subset is another independent prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer. Our unpublished data indicated that the circulating Treg proportion might be related to the serum CA125 level. However, the potential relationship and underlying mechanism of MUC16 and Treg in pancreatic cancer tissues remain unclear. In this study, we found that pancreatic cancer tissues were positive for both MUC16 C terminal (MUC16c) and Foxp3 expression and that their expression was correlated. MUC16c released into the cytoplasm via EGF induction significantly increased IL-6 expression and secretion. The PI3K/AKT pathway may participate in the regulation of IL-6 expression and secretion. By treating CD4+ T cells with IL-6 or co-culturing the cells with pancreatic cancer cells, tumor-derived IL-6 was identified to promote Foxp3 expression and Treg differentiation, which was significantly inhibited by the JAK2 inhibitor AG-490. In sum, our study demonstrated that the relationship between the MUC16c level and Foxp3 expression in the local tumor environment was consistent with that of the serum CA125 level and circulating Treg proportion in the systemic environment. MUC16c promoted Foxp3 expression and tumor-associated Treg enrichment in tumor tissues through tumor-secreted IL-6 activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. These findings may provide deeper insight into potential pancreatic cancer therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Zhiyao Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Qiuyi Huang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yiyin Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - He Cheng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Kaizhou Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Zhengshi Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Guopei Luo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, PR China; Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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The Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway: An update on its regulation and possible role in cancer prevention and treatment. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:393-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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