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Bhattacharya T, Gupta A, Gupta S, Saha S, Ghosh S, Shireen Z, Dey S, Sinha S. Benzofuran Iboga-Analogs Modulate Nociception and Inflammation in an Acute Mouse Pain Model. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400162. [PMID: 38874536 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Pain management following acute injury or post-operative procedures is highly necessary for proper recovery and quality of life. Opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) have been used for this purpose, but opioids cause addiction and withdrawal symptoms whereas NSAIDS have several systemic toxicities. Derivatives of the naturally occurring iboga alkaloids have previously shown promising behavior in anti-addiction of morphine by virtue of their interaction with opioid receptors. On this frontier, four benzofuran analogs of the iboga family have been synthesized and their analgesic effects have been studied in formalin induced acute pain model in male Swiss albino mice at 30 mg/kg of body weight dose administered intraperitoneally. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuro-modulatory effects of the analogs were analyzed. Reversal of tail flick latency, restricted locomotion and anxiogenic behavior were observed in iboga alcohol, primary amide and secondary amide. Local neuroinflammatory mediators' substance P, calcitonin gene related peptide, cyclooxygenase-2 and p65 were significantly decreased whereas the depletion of brain derived neurotrophic factor and glia derived neurotrophic factor was overturned on iboga analog treatment. Behavioral patterns after oral administration of the best analog were also analyzed. Taken together, these results show that the iboga family of alkaloid has huge potential in pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Bhattacharya
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, West Bengal, Kolkata, 70009, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja S.C. Mullick Road, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Shalini Gupta
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja S.C. Mullick Road, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Samrat Saha
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, West Bengal, Kolkata, 70009, India
| | - Shatabdi Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, West Bengal, Kolkata, 70009, India
| | - Zofa Shireen
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, West Bengal, Kolkata, 70009, India
| | - Sanjit Dey
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, West Bengal, Kolkata, 70009, India
| | - Surajit Sinha
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A Raja S.C. Mullick Road, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700032, India
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Ermakova E, Shaidullova K, Gafurov O, Kabirova A, Nurmieva D, Sitdikova G. Implications of high homocysteine levels in migraine pain: An experimental study of the excitability of peripheral meningeal afferents in rats with hyperhomocysteinemia. Headache 2024; 64:533-546. [PMID: 38650105 DOI: 10.1111/head.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigation of chronic homocysteine action on the excitability and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) sensitivity of the peripheral trigeminovascular system of rats. BACKGROUND Migraine is a neurological disease that affects 15%-20% of the general population. Epidemiological observations show that an increase of the sulfur-containing amino acid homocysteine in plasma-called hyperhomocysteinemia-is associated with a high risk of migraine, especially migraine with aura. In animal studies, rats with hyperhomocysteinemia demonstrated mechanical allodynia, photophobia, and anxiety, and higher sensitivity to cortical spreading depression. In addition, rats with hyperhomocysteinemia were more sensitive in a model of chronic migraine induced by nitroglycerin which indicated the involvement of peripheral nociceptive mechanisms. The present work aimed to analyze the excitability of meningeal afferents and neurons isolated from the trigeminal ganglion of rats with prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia. METHODS Experiments were performed on male rats born from females fed with a methionine-rich diet before and during pregnancy. The activity of meningeal afferents was recorded extracellularly in hemiskull preparations ex vivo and action potentials were characterized using cluster analysis. The excitability of trigeminal ganglion neurons was assessed using whole-cell patch clamp recording techniques and calcium imaging studies. Meningeal mast cells were stained using toluidine blue. RESULTS The baseline extracellular recorded electrical activity of the trigeminal nerve was higher in the hyperhomocysteinemia group with larger amplitude action potentials. Lower concentrations of KCl caused an increase in the frequency of action potentials of trigeminal afferents recorded in rat hemiskull ex vivo preparations. In trigeminal ganglion neurons of rats with hyperhomocysteinemia, the current required to elicit at least one action potential (rheobase) was lower, and more action potentials were induced in response to stimulus of 2 × rheobase. In controls, short-term application of homocysteine and its derivatives increased the frequency of action potentials of the trigeminal nerve and induced Ca2+ transients in neurons, which are associated with the activation of NMDA receptors. At the same time, in rats with hyperhomocysteinemia, we did not observe an increased response of the trigeminal nerve to NMDA. Similarly, the parameters of Ca2+ transients induced by NMDA, homocysteine, and its derivatives were not changed in rats with hyperhomocysteinemia. Acute incubation of the meninges in homocysteine and homocysteinic acid did not change the state of the mast cells, whereas in the model of hyperhomocysteinemia, an increased degranulation of mast cells in the meninges was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated higher excitability of the trigeminal system of rats with hyperhomocysteinemia. Together with our previous finding about the lower threshold of generation of cortical spreading depression in rats with hyperhomocysteinemia, the present data provide evidence of homocysteine as a factor that increases the sensitivity of the peripheral migraine mechanisms, and the control of homocysteine level may be an important strategy for reducing the risk and/or severity of migraine headache attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Ermakova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Kseniia Shaidullova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Oleg Gafurov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Alsu Kabirova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Dinara Nurmieva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Guzel Sitdikova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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Xie RG, Xu GY, Wu SX, Luo C. Presynaptic glutamate receptors in nociception. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108539. [PMID: 37783347 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a frequent, distressing and poorly understood health problem. Plasticity of synaptic transmission in the nociceptive pathways after inflammation or injury is assumed to be an important cellular basis for chronic, pathological pain. Glutamate serves as the main excitatory neurotransmitter at key synapses in the somatosensory nociceptive pathways, in which it acts on both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Although conventionally postsynaptic, compelling anatomical and physiological evidence demonstrates the presence of presynaptic glutamate receptors in the nociceptive pathways. Presynaptic glutamate receptors play crucial roles in nociceptive synaptic transmission and plasticity. They modulate presynaptic neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity, which in turn regulates pain sensitization. In this review, we summarize the latest understanding of the expression of presynaptic glutamate receptors in the nociceptive pathways, and how they contribute to nociceptive information processing and pain hypersensitivity associated with inflammation / injury. We uncover the cellular and molecular mechanisms of presynaptic glutamate receptors in shaping synaptic transmission and plasticity to mediate pain chronicity, which may provide therapeutic approaches for treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou-Gang Xie
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Guang-Yin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Sheng-Xi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Ceng Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Liu YJ, Li YL, Fang ZH, Liao HL, Zhang YY, Lin J, Liu F, Shen JF. NMDARs mediate peripheral and central sensitization contributing to chronic orofacial pain. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:999509. [PMID: 36238833 PMCID: PMC9553029 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.999509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral and central sensitizations of the trigeminal nervous system are the main mechanisms to promote the development and maintenance of chronic orofacial pain characterized by allodynia, hyperalgesia, and ectopic pain after trigeminal nerve injury or inflammation. Although the pathomechanisms of chronic orofacial pain are complex and not well known, sufficient clinical and preclinical evidence supports the contribution of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs, a subclass of ionotropic glutamate receptors) to the trigeminal nociceptive signal processing pathway under various pathological conditions. NMDARs not only have been implicated as a potential mediator of pain-related neuroplasticity in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) but also mediate excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we focus on the pivotal roles and mechanisms of NMDARs in the trigeminal nervous system under orofacial neuropathic and inflammatory pain. In particular, we summarize the types, components, and distribution of NMDARs in the trigeminal nervous system. Besides, we discuss the regulatory roles of neuron-nonneuronal cell/neuron-neuron communication mediated by NMDARs in the peripheral mechanisms of chronic orofacial pain following neuropathic injury and inflammation. Furthermore, we review the functional roles and mechanisms of NMDARs in the ascending and descending circuits under orofacial neuropathic and inflammatory pain conditions, which contribute to the central sensitization. These findings are not only relevant to understanding the underlying mechanisms, but also shed new light on the targeted therapy of chronic orofacial pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong-Han Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Lin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jie-Fei Shen Fei Liu
| | - Jie-Fei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jie-Fei Shen Fei Liu
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Leonardon B, Cathenaut L, Vial-Markiewicz L, Hugel S, Schlichter R, Inquimbert P. Modulation of GABAergic Synaptic Transmission by NMDA Receptors in the Dorsal Horn of the Spinal Cord. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:903087. [PMID: 35860500 PMCID: PMC9289521 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.903087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord is an important structure involved in the integration of nociceptive messages. Plastic changes in the properties of neuronal networks in the DH underlie the development of analgesia as well as of hyperalgesia and allodynia in acute and chronic pain states. Two key mechanisms are involved in these chronic pain states: increased electrical activities and glutamate release leading to the recruitment of NMDAr and plastic changes in the synaptic inhibition. Although: (1) the balance between excitation and inhibition is known to play a critical role in the spinal network; and (2) plastic changes in spinal excitation and inhibition have been studied separately, the relationship between these two mechanisms has not been investigated in detail. In the present work, we addressed the role of NMDA receptors in the modulation of GABAergic synaptic transmission in the DH network. Using tight-seal whole-cell recordings on adult mice DH neurons, we characterized the effect of NMDAr activation on inhibitory synaptic transmission and more especially on the GABAergic one. Our results show that, in a subset of neurons recorded in lamina II, NMDAr activation facilitates spontaneous and miniature GABAergic synaptic transmission with a target specificity on GABAergic interneurons. In contrast, NMDA reduced the mean amplitude of evoked GABAergic IPSCs. These results show that NMDAr modulate GABAergic transmission by a presynaptic mechanism of action. Using a pharmacological approach, we investigated the composition of NMDAr involved in this modulation of GABAergic synaptic transmission. We found that the NMDA-induced facilitation was mediated by the activation of NMDAr containing GluN2C/D subunits. Altogether, our results bring new insights on nociceptive information processing in the spinal cord network and plastic changes in synaptic inhibition that could underlie the development and maintenance of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Leonardon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 3212 Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lou Cathenaut
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 3212 Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Louise Vial-Markiewicz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 3212 Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvain Hugel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 3212 Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rémy Schlichter
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 3212 Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Perrine Inquimbert
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UPR 3212 Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- *Correspondence: Perrine Inquimbert
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6
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Guerrero-Toro C, Koroleva K, Ermakova E, Gafurov O, Abushik P, Tavi P, Sitdikova G, Giniatullin R. Testing the Role of Glutamate NMDA Receptors in Peripheral Trigeminal Nociception Implicated in Migraine Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031529. [PMID: 35163452 PMCID: PMC8835926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The pro-nociceptive role of glutamate in the CNS in migraine pathophysiology is well established. Glutamate, released from trigeminal afferents, activates second order nociceptive neurons in the brainstem. However, the function of peripheral glutamate receptors in the trigeminovascular system suggested as the origin site for migraine pain, is less known. In the current project, we used calcium imaging and patch clamp recordings from trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons, immunolabelling, CGRP assay and direct electrophysiological recordings from rat meningeal afferents to investigate the role of glutamate in trigeminal nociception. Glutamate, aspartate, and, to a lesser extent, NMDA under free-magnesium conditions, evoked calcium transients in a fraction of isolated TG neurons, indicating functional expression of NMDA receptors. The fraction of NMDA sensitive neurons was increased by the migraine mediator CGRP. NMDA also activated slowly desensitizing currents in 37% of TG neurons. However, neither glutamate nor NMDA changed the level of extracellular CGRP. TG neurons expressed both GluN2A and GluN2B subunits of NMDA receptors. In addition, after removal of magnesium, NMDA activated persistent spiking activity in a fraction of trigeminal nerve fibers in meninges. Thus, glutamate activates NMDA receptors in somas of TG neurons and their meningeal nerve terminals in magnesium-dependent manner. These findings suggest that peripherally released glutamate can promote excitation of meningeal afferents implicated in generation of migraine pain in conditions of inherited or acquired reduced magnesium blockage of NMDA channels and support the usage of magnesium supplements in migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Guerrero-Toro
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (C.G.-T.); (K.K.); (P.A.); (P.T.)
| | - Kseniia Koroleva
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (C.G.-T.); (K.K.); (P.A.); (P.T.)
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.E.); (O.G.)
| | - Elizaveta Ermakova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.E.); (O.G.)
| | - Oleg Gafurov
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.E.); (O.G.)
| | - Polina Abushik
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (C.G.-T.); (K.K.); (P.A.); (P.T.)
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurophysiology, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pasi Tavi
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (C.G.-T.); (K.K.); (P.A.); (P.T.)
| | - Guzel Sitdikova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.E.); (O.G.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (R.G.); Tel.: +7-9033061092 (G.S.); +358-403553665 (R.G.)
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (C.G.-T.); (K.K.); (P.A.); (P.T.)
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.E.); (O.G.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (R.G.); Tel.: +7-9033061092 (G.S.); +358-403553665 (R.G.)
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Evidence of cellular proliferation in the spinal cord and hippocampus in an animal model of osteoarthritis. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Sonkodi B, Bardoni R, Hangody L, Radák Z, Berkes I. Does Compression Sensory Axonopathy in the Proximal Tibia Contribute to Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in a Causative Way?-A New Theory for the Injury Mechanism. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:443. [PMID: 34069060 PMCID: PMC8157175 DOI: 10.3390/life11050443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament injury occurs when the ligament fibers are stretched, partially torn, or completely torn. The authors propose a new injury mechanism for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury of the knee. Accordingly, non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury could not happen without the acute compression microinjury of the entrapped peripheral proprioceptive sensory axons of the proximal tibia. This would occur under an acute stress response when concomitant microcracks-fractures in the proximal tibia evolve due to the same excessive and repetitive compression forces. The primary damage may occur during eccentric contractions of the acceleration and deceleration moments of strenuous or unaccustomed fatiguing exercise bouts. This primary damage is suggested to be an acute compression/crush axonopathy of the proprioceptive sensory neurons in the proximal tibia. As a result, impaired proprioception could lead to injury of the anterior cruciate ligament as a secondary damage, which is suggested to occur during the deceleration phase. Elevated prostaglandin E2, nitric oxide and glutamate may have a critical neuro-modulatory role in the damage signaling in this dichotomous neuronal injury hypothesis that could lead to mechano-energetic failure, lesion and a cascade of inflammatory events. The presynaptic modulation of the primary sensory axons by the fatigued and microdamaged proprioceptive sensory fibers in the proximal tibia induces the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, through a process that could have long term relevance due to its contribution to synaptic plasticity. Luteinizing hormone, through interleukin-1β, stimulates the nerve growth factor-tropomyosin receptor kinase A axis in the ovarian cells and promotes tropomyosin receptor kinase A and nerve growth factor gene expression and prostaglandin E2 release. This luteinizing hormone induced mechanism could further elevate prostaglandin E2 in excess of the levels generated by osteocytes, due to mechanical stress during strenuous athletic moments in the pre-ovulatory phase. This may explain why non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury is at least three-times more prevalent among female athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Sonkodi
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Rita Bardoni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - László Hangody
- Department of Traumatology, Semmelweis University, 1145 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zsolt Radák
- Research Center for Molecular Exercise Science, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - István Berkes
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, 1123 Budapest, Hungary;
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9
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Zhu YF, Linher-Melville K, Wu J, Fazzari J, Miladinovic T, Ungard R, Zhu KL, Singh G. Bone cancer-induced pain is associated with glutamate signalling in peripheral sensory neurons. Mol Pain 2021; 16:1744806920911536. [PMID: 32133928 PMCID: PMC7059229 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920911536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified that several cancer cell lines known to induce
nociception in mouse models release glutamate in vitro. Although the mechanisms
of glutamatergic signalling have been characterized primarily in the central
nervous system, its importance in the peripheral nervous system has been
recognized in various pathologies, including cancer pain. We therefore
investigated the effect of glutamate on intracellular electrophysiological
characteristics of peripheral sensory neurons in an immunocompetent rat model of
cancer-induced pain based on surgical implantation of mammary rat metastasis
tumour-1 cells into the distal epiphysis of the right femur. Behavioural
evidence of nociception was detected using von Frey tactile assessment. Activity
of sensory neurons was measured by intracellular electrophysiological recordings
in vivo. Glutamate receptor expression at the mRNA level in relevant dorsal root
ganglia was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using
rat-specific primers. Nociceptive and non-nociceptive mechanoreceptor neurons
exhibiting changes in neural firing patterns associated with increased
nociception due to the presence of a bone tumour rapidly responded to
sulphasalazine injection, an agent that pharmacologically blocks non-vesicular
glutamate release by inhibiting the activity of the system
xC− antiporter. In addition, both types of
mechanoreceptor neurons demonstrated excitation in response to intramuscular
glutamate injection near the femoral head, which corresponds to the location of
cancer cell injection to induce the bone cancer-induced pain model. Therefore,
glutamatergic signalling contributes to cancer pain and may be a factor in
peripheral sensitization and induced tactile hypersensitivity associated with
bone cancer-induced pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fang Zhu
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Katja Linher-Melville
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jianhan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Fazzari
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tanya Miladinovic
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Ungard
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kan Lun Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gurmit Singh
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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10
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Presynaptic Inhibition of Pain and Touch in the Spinal Cord: From Receptors to Circuits. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010414. [PMID: 33401784 PMCID: PMC7795800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory primary afferent fibers, conveying touch, pain, itch, and proprioception, synapse onto spinal cord dorsal horn neurons. Primary afferent central terminals express a wide variety of receptors that modulate glutamate and peptide release. Regulation of the amount and timing of neurotransmitter release critically affects the integration of postsynaptic responses and the coding of sensory information. The role of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) receptors expressed on afferent central terminals is particularly important in sensory processing, both in physiological conditions and in sensitized states induced by chronic pain. During the last decade, techniques of opto- and chemogenetic stimulation and neuronal selective labeling have provided interesting insights on this topic. This review focused on the recent advances about the modulatory effects of presynaptic GABAergic receptors in spinal cord dorsal horn and the neural circuits involved in these mechanisms.
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Liao WT, Tseng CC, Chia WT, Lin CR. High-frequency spinal cord stimulation treatment attenuates the increase in spinal glutamate release and spinal miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in rats with spared nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:307-313. [PMID: 32937185 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
High-frequency spinal cord stimulation (HFSCS) at 10 kHz provides paresthesia-free treatment for chronic pain. However, the underlying mechanisms of its action have not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of HFSCS treatment on spinal glutamate release and uptake in spared nerve injury (SNI) rats. HFSCS was applied to the T10/T11 spinal cord 3 days after SNI. The concentration of spinal glutamate, glutamate transporter activity and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) from neurons in lamina II were evaluated. HFSCS treatment alleviated SNI pain induced by mechanical and cold allodynia. HFSCS treatment also partially restored altered spinal glutamate uptake activity, the levels of spinal glutamate, and the frequency of mEPSCs following SNI. In conclusion, HFSCS treatment attenuated SNI-induced neuropathic pain and partially restored the altered glutamate uptake after SNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tzu Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chia-Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chih Tseng
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Chia
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Li J, Zhang L, Xu C, Lin YH, Zhang Y, Wu HY, Chang L, Zhang YD, Luo CX, Li F, Zhu DY. Prolonged Use of NMDAR Antagonist Develops Analgesic Tolerance in Neuropathic Pain via Nitric Oxide Reduction-Induced GABAergic Disinhibition. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1016-1030. [PMID: 32632774 PMCID: PMC7609518 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00883-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is usually persistent due to maladaptive neuroplasticity-induced central sensitization and, therefore, necessitates long-term treatment. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated hypersensitivity in the spinal dorsal horn represents key mechanisms of central sensitization. Short-term use of NMDAR antagonists produces antinociceptive efficacy in animal pain models and in clinical practice by reducing central sensitization. However, how prolonged use of NMDAR antagonists affects central sensitization remains unknown. Surprisingly, we find that prolonged blockage of NMDARs does not prevent but aggravate nerve injury-induced central sensitization and produce analgesic tolerance, mainly due to reduced synaptic inhibition. The disinhibition that results from the continuous decrease in the production of nitric oxide from neuronal nitric oxide synthase, downstream signal of NMDARs, leads to the reduction of GABAergic inhibitory synaptic transmission by upregulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and inhibiting the expression and function of potassium-chloride cotransporter. Together, our findings suggest that chronic blockage of NMDARs develops analgesic tolerance through the neuronal nitric oxide synthase-brain-derived neurotrophic factor-potassium-chloride cotransporter pathway. Thus, preventing the GABAergic disinhibition induced by nitric oxide reduction may be necessary for the long-term maintenance of the analgesic effect of NMDAR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yu-Hui Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hai-Yin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ying-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Chun-Xia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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Intrathecally administered perampanel alleviates neuropathic and inflammatory pain in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 872:172949. [PMID: 31991141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain conditions such as neuropathic pain and persistent inflammatory pain are difficult to manage. Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors modulate nociceptive processing at the spinal dorsal horn. Previous studies have shown that intrathecal AMPA receptor antagonists exert antinociception in various pain states. Perampanel is a selective, noncompetitive inhibitor of the AMPA receptor and used clinically as an antiepileptic drug. Little is known about antinociceptive action of perampanel in the spinal cord. Here, we explored whether intrathecal perampanel attenuates neuropathic and inflammatory pain. A chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the sciatic nerve was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats. We evaluated the effects of intrathecal perampanel (10, 30, or 100 μg) on mechanical and cold hyperalgesia using the electronic von Frey and cold plate tests, respectively. Normal rats were assessed in terms of inflammatory nociception using the formalin test, and motor function employing the rotarod test. In the CCI rats, spinally applied perampanel inhibited mechanical and cold hyperalgesia dose-dependently. In normal rats, perampanel remarkably suppressed the early- and late-phase responses in the formalin test, and it weakly affected motor performance for a short period at the highest dose. These results suggest that perampanel exerts antinociceptive actions on neuropathic and persistent inflammatory pain in the spinal cord. Perampanel may be safe and beneficial remedy for patients with such pain conditions. In addition, AMPA receptor can be a promising target for treatment of chronic pain.
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Zakaria ZA, Abdul Rahim MH, Roosli RAJ, Mohd Sani MH, Marmaya NH, Omar MH, Teh LK, Salleh MZ. Antinociceptive Activity of Petroleum Ether Fraction of Clinacanthus nutans Leaves Methanolic Extract: Roles of Nonopioid Pain Modulatory Systems and Potassium Channels. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6593125. [PMID: 31467905 PMCID: PMC6699298 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6593125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methanolic extract of Clinacanthus nutans Lindau leaves (MECN) has been reported to exert antinociceptive activity. The present study aimed to elucidate the possible antinociceptive mechanisms of a lipid-soluble fraction of MECN, which was obtained after sequential extraction in petroleum ether. The petroleum ether fraction of C. nutans (PECN), administered orally to mice, was (i) subjected to capsaicin-, glutamate-, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-, bradykinin-induced nociception model; (ii) prechallenged (intraperitoneal (i.p.)) with 0.15 mg/kg yohimbine, 1 mg/kg pindolol, 3 mg/kg caffeine, 0.2 mg/kg haloperidol, or 10 mg/kg atropine, which were the respective antagonist of α 2-adrenergic, β-adrenergic, adenosinergic, dopaminergic, or muscarinic receptors; and (iii) prechallenged (i.p.) with 10 mg/kg glibenclamide, 0.04 mg/kg apamin, 0.02 mg/kg charybdotoxin, or 4 mg/kg tetraethylammonium chloride, which were the respective inhibitor of ATP sensitive-, small conductance Ca2+-activated-, large conductance Ca2+-activated-, or nonselective voltage-activated-K+ channel. Results obtained demonstrated that PECN (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.05) inhibited all models of nociception described earlier. The antinociceptive activity of 500 mg/kg PECN was significantly (P<0.05) attenuated when prechallenged with all antagonists or K+ channel blockers. However, only pretreatment with apamin and charybdotoxin caused full inhibition of PECN-induced antinociception. The rest of the K+ channel blockers and all antagonists caused only partial inhibition of PECN antinociception, respectively. Analyses on PECN's phytoconstituents revealed the presence of antinociceptive-bearing bioactive compounds of volatile (i.e., derivatives of γ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol, and lupeol) and nonvolatile (i.e., cinnamic acid) nature. In conclusion, PECN exerts a non-opioid-mediated antinociceptive activity involving mainly activation of adenosinergic and cholinergic receptors or small- and large-conductance Ca2+-activated-K+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Level 7, FF3, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Hafiz Abdul Rahim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rushduddin Al Jufri Roosli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hijaz Mohd Sani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Najihah Hanisah Marmaya
- Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Melaka Campus, 75300, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Maizatul Hasyima Omar
- Phytochemistry Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lay Kek Teh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Level 7, FF3, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd. Zaki Salleh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Level 7, FF3, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Gopalsamy B, Sambasevam Y, Zulazmi NA, Chia JSM, Omar Farouk AA, Sulaiman MR, Tengku Mohamad TAS, Perimal EK. Experimental Characterization of the Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain Model in Mice. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2123-2138. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Involvement of the VGF-derived peptide TLQP-62 in nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity and spinal neuroplasticity. Pain 2019; 159:1802-1813. [PMID: 29781959 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity in the dorsal horn after peripheral nerve damage contributes critically to the establishment of chronic pain. The neurosecretory protein VGF (nonacronymic) is rapidly and robustly upregulated after nerve injury, and therefore, peptides generated from it are positioned to serve as signals for peripheral damage. The goal of this project was to understand the spinal modulatory effects of the C-terminal VGF-derived peptide TLQP-62 at the cellular level and gain insight into the function of the peptide in the development of neuropathic pain. In a rodent model of neuropathic pain, we demonstrate that endogenous levels of TLQP-62 increased in the spinal cord, and its immunoneutralization led to prolonged attenuation of the development of nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity. Using multiphoton imaging of submaximal glutamate-induced Ca responses in spinal cord slices, we demonstrate the ability of TLQP-62 to potentiate glutamatergic responses in the dorsal horn. We further demonstrate that the peptide selectively potentiates responses of high-threshold spinal neurons to mechanical stimuli in singe-unit in vivo recordings. These findings are consistent with a function of TLQP-62 in spinal plasticity that may contribute to central sensitization after nerve damage.
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Activation of peripheral group III metabotropic glutamate receptors inhibits pain transmission by decreasing neuronal excitability in the CFA-inflamed knee joint. Neurosci Lett 2019; 694:111-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Park SH, Lee JR, Jang SP, Park SH, Lee HJ, Hong JW, Suh HW. Antinociceptive profiles and mechanisms of centrally administered oxyntomodulin in various mouse pain models. Neuropeptides 2018; 68:7-14. [PMID: 29366515 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the antinociceptive profiles of oxyntomodulin were examined in ICR mice. Oxyntomodulin administered intrathecally (i.t.) and intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) (from 1 to 5μg/5μl) showed an antinociceptive effect in a dose-dependent manner as measured in the acetic acid-induced writhing test. Moreover, cumulative response time of nociceptive behaviors induced by intraplantar formalin injection was reduced by i.t. or i.c.v. treatment with oxyntomodulin during the second, but not the first phase. In addition, the cumulative nociceptive response time after i.t. injection with substance P (0.7μg), glutamate (20μg), and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-β or IFN-γ (100pg/5μl) was diminished by spinally or supraspinally administered oxyntomodulin. However, i.t. and i.c.v. treatment with oxyntomodulin did not affect latencies of the tail-flick and hot-plate paw-licking responses. Furthermore, the i.t. pretreatment with yohimbine (adrenergic receptor antagonist), but not naloxone (an opioid receptor antagonist) or methysergide (a serotonergic receptor antagonist), attenuated antinociceptive effect induced by oxyntomodulin administered i.c.v. in the writhing test. The i.c.v. or i.t. pretreatment with oxyntomodulin attenuated formalin-induced increase of phosphorlated ERK (p-ERK) expression in the spinal cord. Our results suggest that centrally administered oxyntomodulin shows an antinociceptive property in various pain models except for thermal-induced nociception. Furthermore, supraspinally administered oxyntomodulin-induced antinociception may be mediated by spinal adrenergic receptors, but not serotonergic and opioidergic receptors. Furthermore, the antinociception induced by oxyntomodulin appears to be mediated by reduced formalin-induced p-ERK expression in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyun Park
- Front bio Co., Ltd., #405 1-dong, 32 Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ryeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Pil Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyung-Hwan Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Won Suh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea.
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Antinociceptive Activity of Methanolic Extract of Clinacanthus nutans Leaves: Possible Mechanisms of Action Involved. Pain Res Manag 2018; 2018:9536406. [PMID: 29686743 PMCID: PMC5857305 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9536406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Methanolic extract of Clinacanthus nutans Lindau leaves (MECN) has been proven to possess antinociceptive activity that works via the opioid and NO-dependent/cGMP-independent pathways. In the present study, we aimed to further determine the possible mechanisms of antinociception of MECN using various nociceptive assays. The antinociceptive activity of MECN was (i) tested against capsaicin-, glutamate-, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-, bradykinin-induced nociception model; (ii) prechallenged against selective antagonist of opioid receptor subtypes (β-funaltrexamine, naltrindole, and nor-binaltorphimine); (iii) prechallenged against antagonist of nonopioid systems, namely, α2-noradrenergic (yohimbine), β-adrenergic (pindolol), adenosinergic (caffeine), dopaminergic (haloperidol), and cholinergic (atropine) receptors; (iv) prechallenged with inhibitors of various potassium channels (glibenclamide, apamin, charybdotoxin, and tetraethylammonium chloride). The results demonstrated that the orally administered MECN (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the nociceptive effect of all models in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the antinociceptive activity of 500 mg/kg MECN was significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited by (i) antagonists of μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors; (ii) antagonists of α2-noradrenergic, β-adrenergic, adenosinergic, dopaminergic, and cholinergic receptors; and (iii) blockers of different K+ channels (voltage-activated-, Ca2+-activated, and ATP-sensitive-K+ channels, resp.). In conclusion, MECN-induced antinociception involves modulation of protein kinase C-, bradykinin-, TRVP1 receptors-, and glutamatergic-signaling pathways; opioidergic, α2-noradrenergic, β-adrenergic, adenosinergic, dopaminergic, and cholinergic receptors; and nonopioidergic receptors as well as the opening of various K+ channels. The antinociceptive activity could be associated with the presence of several flavonoid-based bioactive compounds and their synergistic action with nonvolatile bioactive compounds.
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Spinal protein kinase C/extracellular signal–regulated kinase signal pathway mediates hyperalgesia priming. Pain 2018; 159:907-918. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fernández-Montoya J, Avendaño C, Negredo P. The Glutamatergic System in Primary Somatosensory Neurons and Its Involvement in Sensory Input-Dependent Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010069. [PMID: 29280965 PMCID: PMC5796019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the most common neurotransmitter in both the central and the peripheral nervous system. Glutamate is present in all types of neurons in sensory ganglia, and is released not only from their peripheral and central axon terminals but also from their cell bodies. Consistently, these neurons express ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, as well as other molecules involved in the synthesis, transport and release of the neurotransmitter. Primary sensory neurons are the first neurons in the sensory channels, which receive information from the periphery, and are thus key players in the sensory transduction and in the transmission of this information to higher centers in the pathway. These neurons are tightly enclosed by satellite glial cells, which also express several ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, and display increases in intracellular calcium accompanying the release of glutamate. One of the main interests in our group has been the study of the implication of the peripheral nervous system in sensory-dependent plasticity. Recently, we have provided novel evidence in favor of morphological changes in first- and second-order neurons of the trigeminal system after sustained alterations of the sensory input. Moreover, these anatomical changes are paralleled by several molecular changes, among which those related to glutamatergic neurotransmission are particularly relevant. In this review, we will describe the state of the art of the glutamatergic system in sensory ganglia and its involvement in input-dependent plasticity, a fundamental ground for advancing our knowledge of the neural mechanisms of learning and adaptation, reaction to injury, and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fernández-Montoya
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Medical School, Autonoma University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Avendaño
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Medical School, Autonoma University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Negredo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Medical School, Autonoma University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Gonçalves JCR, de Meneses DA, de Vasconcelos AP, Piauilino CA, Almeida FRDC, Napoli EM, Ruberto G, de Araújo DAM. Essential oil composition and antinociceptive activity of Thymus capitatus. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:782-786. [PMID: 28103733 PMCID: PMC6130693 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1279672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The essential oil (EO) from Thymus capitatus Hoff. et Link. (Lamiaceae) has been traditionally used for its medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. OBJECTIVE Characterize the constituents from T. capitatus EO and further evaluate the antinociceptive activity by in vivo and in vitro procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify and quantify the constituents of the T. capitatus EO. The antinociceptive activity was evaluated in vivo by the glutamate-induced nociception model in male Swiss mice (25 g), at doses of 3, 6 and 12 mg/kg, 1 h before evaluation of the licking time response (0-15 min). The mechanism of T. capitatus EO (1-500 μg/mL) on the isolated nerve excitability of Wistar rat (300 g) was assessed by the single sucrose technique. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The EO of T. capitatus presented 33 components, mainly monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, carvacrol (ca. 80%) was its major constituent. T. capitatus EO induced antinociception in orally treated mice (3, 6, and 12 mg/kg) reducing the licking time from control (100.3 ± 11.9 s) to 84.8 ± 12.2, 62.7.6 ± 9.9, and 41.5 ± 12.7 s, respectively (n = 8; p < 0.05). Additionally, we have demonstrated that T. capitatus EO (500 μg/mL) decreased the compound action potential amplitude (VCAP) of about 80.0 ± 4.3% from control recordings (n = 4; p < 0.05). Such activity was presumably mediated through a voltage-gated Na+ channels. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated the antinociceptive activity of Thymus capitatus essential oil, which acts via peripheral nervous excitability blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Ramos Gonçalves
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Plantas Medicinais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- CONTACT Juan Carlos Ramos GonçalvesDepartment of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, 64049-550Teresina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Edoardo Marco Napoli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Catania, Italy
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Khariv V, Elkabes S. Contribution of Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPases to neuronal maladaptive responses: Focus on spinal nociceptive mechanisms and neurodegeneration. Neurosci Lett 2017; 663:60-65. [PMID: 28780172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane calcium ATPases (PMCAs) are ion pumps that expel Ca2+ from cells and maintain Ca2+ homeostasis. Four isoforms and multiple splice variants play important and non-overlapping roles in cellular function and integrity and have been implicated in diseases including disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). In particular, one of these isoforms, PMCA2, is critical for spinal cord (SC) neuronal function. PMCA2 expression is decreased in SC neurons at onset of symptoms in animal models of multiple sclerosis. Decreased PMCA2 expression affects the function and viability of SC neurons, with motor neurons being the most vulnerable population. Recent studies have also shown that PMCA2 could be an important contributor to pain processing in the dorsal horn (DH) of the SC. Pain sensitivity was altered in female, but not male, PMCA2+/- mice compared to PMCA2+/+ littermates in a modality-dependent manner. Changes in pain responsiveness in the female PMCA2+/- mice were paralleled by female-specific alterations in the expression of effectors, which have been implicated in the excitability of DH neurons, in mechanisms governing nociception and in the transmission of pain signals. Other PMCA isoforms and in particular, PMCA4, also contribute to the excitability of neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), which contain the first-order sensory neurons that convey nociceptive information from the periphery to the DH. These findings suggest that specific PMCA isoforms play specialized functions in neurons that mediate pain processing. Further investigations are necessary to unravel the precise contribution of PMCAs to mechanisms governing pathological pain in models of injury and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Khariv
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Stella Elkabes
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States.
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Spiegel DR, Pattison A, Lyons A, Ansari U, Mccroskey AL, Luehrs E, Barr L, Le S. The Role and Treatment Implications of Peripheral and Central Processing of Pain, Pruritus, and Nausea in Heightened Somatic Awareness: A Review. INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 14:11-20. [PMID: 28979822 PMCID: PMC5605199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pain, pruritus, and nausea are complex sensory and emotional physiological symptoms that can vary widely between people and even within an individual, depending on the context and meaning of the symptom and the psychological state of the person. This article reviews the acute neural transmission of pain, pruritus, and nausea symptoms, which can begin in the periphery and/or viscera. The subsequent multiple pathways in the central nervous system that become involved in the processing of these symptoms are also discussed. The authors describe human brain imaging studies that have revealed consistent cortical and subcortical networks activated by these symptoms, including sensory, limbic, and associative regions. In particular, the authors discuss information revealed by the studies regarding the primary somatosensory cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, prefrontal cortex and thalamus, are the brain areas most commonly activated by noxious stimuli. Finally, the authors describe treatment options for chronic presentations of these symptoms, which are, in part, based on central nervous processing of these sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Spiegel
- All authors are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Alexander Pattison
- All authors are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Alexis Lyons
- All authors are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Umer Ansari
- All authors are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Aidan L Mccroskey
- All authors are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Eric Luehrs
- All authors are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Lauren Barr
- All authors are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Stephanie Le
- All authors are with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Eastern Virginia Medical School in Norfolk, Virginia
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25
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Wang YN, Liu MF, Hou WZ, Xu RM, Gao J, Lu AQ, Xie MP, Li L, Zhang JJ, Peng Y, Ma LL, Wang XL, Shi JG, Wang SJ. Bioactive Benzofuran Derivatives from Cortex Mori Radicis, and Their Neuroprotective and Analgesic Activities Mediated by mGluR₁. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020236. [PMID: 28208727 PMCID: PMC6155743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Four new benzofuran-type stilbene glycosides and 14 known compounds including 8 benzofuran-type stilbenes and 6 flavonoids were isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine, Cortex Mori Radicis. The new compounds were identified as (9R)-moracin P 3′-O-α-l-arabinopyranoside (1), (9R)-moracin P 9-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), (9R)-moracin P 3′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), and (9R)-moracin O 10-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4) based on the spectroscopic interpretation and chemical analysis. Three benzofuran-type stilbenes, moracin O (5), R (7), and P (8) showed significant neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced cell death in SK-N-SH cells. In addition, moracin O (5) and P (8) also demonstrated a remarkable inhibition of the acetic acid-induced pain. The molecular docking with metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) results indicated that these neuroprotective benzofuran-type stilbenes might be the active analgesic components of the genus Morus, and acted by mediating the mGluR1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Mao-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Wei-Zhen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Rui-Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jie Gao
- GRU Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - An-Qi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Mei-Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Li-Li Ma
- Editorial Department, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jian-Gong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Su-Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Chen YF, Lee MM, Fang HL, Yang JG, Chen YC, Tsai HY. Paeoniflorin inhibits excitatory amino acid agonist-and high-dose morphine-induced nociceptive behavior in mice via modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:240. [PMID: 27457480 PMCID: PMC4960895 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain, the most common reasons for physician consultation, is a major symptom in many medical conditions that can significantly interfere with a person's life quality and general functioning. Almost all painkillers have its untoward effects. Therefore, seeking for a safe medication for pain relieve is notable nowadays. Paeonia lactiflora is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. Paeoniflorin is an active component found in Paeonia lactiflora, which has been reported to inhibit formalin-induced nociceptive behavior in mice. Aims of this present study were to investigate effects of paeoniflorin on excitatory amino acid agonist- or high-dose morphine-induced nociceptive behaviors in mice. RESULTS Paeoniflorin (100, 200, 500 nmol, i.c.v.) alone and combined with glutamatergic antagonists (MK-801 14.8 pmol, or NBQX 5 nmol, i.t.) inhibited nociception. Those agents also inhibited the clonic seizure-like excitation induced by high-dose morphine (250 nmol, i.t) in mice. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides of NMDA receptor subunits NR1, NR2A, NR2B significantly enhanced the inhibition of paeoniflorin on excitatory amino acid-and high-dose morphine-induced nociception. Docking energy data revealed that paeoniflorin had stronger binding activity in NR2A and NR2B than NR2C of NMDA receptors. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study indicate that paeoniflorin-induced inhibition of excitatory amino acid agonist- and high-dose morphine-induced nociceptive behaviors might be due to modulation of NMDA receptors, specifically the NR2B subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Fung Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, No 2, Yu-Der Road, Taichung, 40431, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Ming Lee
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, No 500 Lioufeng Road, Wufeng District, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Lang Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jhao-Guei Yang
- Laboratory of Computational and System Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, No 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chien Chen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, No 500 Lioufeng Road, Wufeng District, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Yann Tsai
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, No 2, Yu-Der Road, Taichung, 40431, Taiwan
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Watanabe C, Mizoguchi H, Bagetta G, Sakurada S. Involvement of spinal glutamate in nociceptive behavior induced by intrathecal administration of hemokinin-1 in mice. Neurosci Lett 2016; 617:236-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Current status and future directions of botulinum neurotoxins for targeting pain processing. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:4519-63. [PMID: 26556371 PMCID: PMC4663519 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7114519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) A1 and B1, given locally into peripheral tissues such as skin, muscles, and joints, alter nociceptive processing otherwise initiated by inflammation or nerve injury in animal models and humans. Recent data indicate that such locally delivered BoNTs exert not only local action on sensory afferent terminals but undergo transport to central afferent cell bodies (dorsal root ganglia) and spinal dorsal horn terminals, where they cleave SNAREs and block transmitter release. Increasing evidence supports the possibility of a trans-synaptic movement to alter postsynaptic function in neuronal and possibly non-neuronal (glial) cells. The vast majority of these studies have been conducted on BoNT/A1 and BoNT/B1, the only two pharmaceutically developed variants. However, now over 40 different subtypes of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) have been identified. By combining our existing and rapidly growing understanding of BoNT/A1 and /B1 in altering nociceptive processing with explorations of the specific characteristics of the various toxins from this family, we may be able to discover or design novel, effective, and long-lasting pain therapeutics. This review will focus on our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms whereby BoNTs alter pain processing, and future directions in the development of these agents as pain therapeutics.
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Park JM, Jung SC, Eun SY. Long-term Synaptic Plasticity: Circuit Perturbation and Stabilization. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 18:457-60. [PMID: 25598658 PMCID: PMC4296033 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.6.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
At central synapses, activity-dependent synaptic plasticity has a crucial role in information processing, storage, learning, and memory under both physiological and pathological conditions. One widely accepted model of learning mechanism and information processing in the brain is Hebbian Plasticity: long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). LTP and LTD are respectively activity-dependent enhancement and reduction in the efficacy of the synapses, which are rapid and synapse-specific processes. A number of recent studies have a strong focal point on the critical importance of another distinct form of synaptic plasticity, non-Hebbian plasticity. Non-Hebbian plasticity dynamically adjusts synaptic strength to maintain stability. This process may be very slow and occur cell-widely. By putting them all together, this mini review defines an important conceptual difference between Hebbian and non-Hebbian plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Min Park
- Department of Physiology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Sung-Cherl Jung
- Department of Physiology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Su-Yong Eun
- Department of Physiology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 690-756, Korea
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Loss of ICA69 Potentiates Long-Lasting Hyperalgesia After Subcutaneous Formalin Injection into the Mouse Hindpaw. Neurochem Res 2014; 40:579-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Wong H, Dong XD, Cairns BE. Nerve growth factor alters the sensitivity of rat masseter muscle mechanoreceptors to NMDA receptor activation. J Neurophysiol 2014; 112:2275-82. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00327.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular injection of nerve growth factor (NGF) into rat masseter muscle induces a local mechanical sensitization that is greater in female than in male rats. The duration of NGF-induced sensitization in male and female rats was associated with an increase in peripheral N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor expression by masseter muscle afferent fibers that began 3 days postinjection. Here, we investigated the functional consequences of increased NMDA expression on the response properties of masseter muscle mechanoreceptors. In vivo extracellular single-unit electrophysiological recordings of trigeminal ganglion neurons innervating the masseter muscle were performed in anesthetized rats 3 days after NGF injection (25 μg/ml, 10 μl) into the masseter muscle. Mechanical activation threshold was assessed before and after intramuscular injection of NMDA. NMDA injection induced mechanical sensitization in both sexes that was increased significantly following NGF injection in the male rats but not in the female rats. However, in female but not male rats, further examination found that preadministration of NGF induced a greater sensitization in slow Aδ-fibers (2–7 m/s) than fast Aδ-fibers (7–12 m/s). This suggests that preadministration of NGF had a different effect on slowly conducting mechanoreceptors in the female rats compared with the male rats. Although previous studies have found an association between estrogenic tone and NMDA activity, no correlation was observed between NMDA-evoked mechanical sensitization and plasma estrogen level. This study suggests NGF alters NMDA-induced mechanical sensitization in the peripheral endings of masseter mechanoreceptors in a sexually dimorphic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayes Wong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xu-Dong Dong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- College of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; and
| | - Brian E. Cairns
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Center for Sensory Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
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Wong H, Kang I, Dong XD, Christidis N, Ernberg M, Svensson P, Cairns B. NGF-induced mechanical sensitization of the masseter muscle is mediated through peripheral NMDA receptors. Neuroscience 2014; 269:232-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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