A universal primer set to amplify the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene in bears

DNA Mini-barcoding for wildlife trade control: a case study on identification of highly processed animal materials

Although DNA barcoding is an efficient tool for species identification, however, its efficiency is uncertain for samples having degraded DNA and incomplete isolation/amplification of COI gene fragment (>500 bp). DNA mini-barcoding is a solution to this problem because small DNA fragment of COI genes is used for species identification. Twelve highly processed, chemically treated and finished animal skin (coats, tanned skins) and fur (mufflers) samples, received from the Sindh Wildlife Department, Pakistan, were subjected to DNA mini-barcoding. Eight mufflers belonged to Vulpes vulpes, one coat to Ursus thibetanus, one tanned skin to Lutra sumatrana, and one muffler to Vulpes sp. Origin of only one coat sample remained unidentified, success rate of 92% indicative of the fact that the mini barcoding technique can be used as a substitute of conventional barcoding where full length barcode (∼650 bp Folmer region) cannot be generated.