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Alangari AS, Fatani F, Binhowaimel N, Al Kadri HM, Alshahrani A, Al Khateeb BF, Aldubikhi AI, Bin Amer MI, Alsaif A, El-Metwally A. Factors Associated with Mental Illness in a Primary Healthcare Setting in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Case-Control Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1298. [PMID: 38998833 PMCID: PMC11241062 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12131298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Mental health conditions are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a 13% rise within the last decade. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with mental illness in patients presenting to a primary healthcare center in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHODS Data were extracted from the electronic health records of 46 primary care centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from March 2022 to March 2023. A total of 2418 age-matched mental health cases and controls were evaluated. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the distribution and association of relevant risk factors. A total of 1209 cases were age-matched to 1209 controls presenting to a primary clinic. RESULTS The odds of mental illness in females were 2.2 times that of males. Clinical conditions associated with mental illness were stroke, diabetes, and obesity. Neurodegenerative disorders were also associated with mental illness. CONCLUSIONS Primary clinics in the KSA can serve as focal points in removing the barriers to mental healthcare. There is an urgent need to spread awareness, remove the stigma, and provide appropriate care and referrals for mental health conditions in the KSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz S Alangari
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Fatani
- Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hanan M Al Kadri
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad Alshahrani
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr F Al Khateeb
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aljohrah I Aldubikhi
- College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 13316, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Afrah Alsaif
- College of Health Information Systems, Inaya Medical Colleges, Riyadh 13541, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf El-Metwally
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
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Evenson KR, Alhusseini N, Moore CC, Hamza MM, Al-Qunaibet A, Rakic S, Alsukait RF, Herbst CH, AlAhmed R, Al-Hazzaa HM, Alqahtani SA. Scoping Review of Population-Based Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Saudi Arabia. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:471-486. [PMID: 37185448 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saudi Arabia is experiencing rapid development of the built environment and implementing policy changes to promote physical activity (PA) and reduce sedentary behavior (SB) among its population. In light of these developments, this scoping review systematically summarized population levels of PA/SB in Saudi Arabia. METHODS The authors searched 6 databases on December 13, 2021, for articles published in English or Arabic from 2018 to the search date. Studies using population-based sampling in Saudi Arabia and measuring PA/SB were included. RESULTS Of the 1272 records found, 797 were screened, and 19 studies (9 on children/adolescents age 6-19 y and 10 on adults age 15-75 y) were included. All studies were cross-sectional in design, and 18 studies collected data at only one point in time, ranging from 2009 to 2020. A total of 18 studies relied on self-reporting to assess PA/SB using a variety of questionnaires. Among children/adolescents, approximately 80% to 90% did not attain at least 60 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous PA and 50% to 80% engaged in ≥2 hours per day of screen time or SB. Among adults, approximately 50% to 95% had low or insufficient PA (eg, less than meeting PA guidelines) and about half had a sitting time of ≥5 hours per day. Population-based studies were not found among children <10 years and adults >75 years. CONCLUSIONS A high proportion of participants in the reviewed studies did not meet PA recommendations and spent excessive time in SB. Ongoing surveillance efforts for all ages may help identify target populations for interventions and prioritize the national strategy on PA/SB in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,USA
| | - Noara Alhusseini
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher C Moore
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC,USA
| | | | | | | | - Reem F Alsukait
- Department of Community Health Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Reem AlAhmed
- Biostatics, Epidemiology, and Science Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alqahtani
- Liver Transplant Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,USA
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3
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Maranhao Neto GA, Lattari E, Oliveira BRR, Polcrova AB, Infante-Garcia MM, Kunzova S, Stokin GB, Gonzalez-Rivas JP. Association of Self-Reported Depression Symptoms with Physical Activity Levels in Czechia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14319. [PMID: 36361199 PMCID: PMC9657333 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, depressive disorder is one of the leading determinants of disability-adjusted life years. Although there are benefits associated with a higher physical activity (PA) level, there is a lack of information related to this relationship, especially in countries such as Czechia, where modern approaches to mental health care only recently emerged. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between the level of depression and different PA levels following the World Health Organization (WHO) PA guidelines and according to specific symptoms that indicate depression. Multivariable-adjusted Poisson regression models were used to calculate the prevalence rate (PR) in a sample of 2123 participants (45.3% men, median 48 years). Compared to subjects with insufficient PA, moderate and high PA levels were inversely associated with continuous depression scores (PR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.75-0.97; and PR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.70-0.92). Depressed mood and worthlessness were the symptoms associated with moderate and high PA. Tiredness, change in appetite, and concentration problems were related to high PA. The results suggest that reaching the minimum PA target according to the guidelines seems to be effective, and this could stimulate adherence. However, more specific improvements in symptomatology will require a subsequent gradual increase in PA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldo A. Maranhao Neto
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital (FNUSA), 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eduardo Lattari
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences (PGCAF), Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói 24030-060, Brazil
| | - Bruno Ribeiro Ramalho Oliveira
- Department of Physical, Education and Sports, Physical Activity, Health, and Performance Research Laboratory, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Anna Bartoskova Polcrova
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital (FNUSA), 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria M. Infante-Garcia
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital (FNUSA), 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Foundation for Clinic, Public Health, and Epidemiology Research of Venezuela (FISPEVEN INC), Caracas 3001, Venezuela
| | - Sarka Kunzova
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital (FNUSA), 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gorazd B. Stokin
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital (FNUSA), 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juan P. Gonzalez-Rivas
- International Clinical Research Center (ICRC), St. Anne’s University Hospital (FNUSA), 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Foundation for Clinic, Public Health, and Epidemiology Research of Venezuela (FISPEVEN INC), Caracas 3001, Venezuela
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA
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Zahra A, Hassan SUN, Hassan MS, Parveen N, Park JH, Iqbal N, Khatoon F, Atteya MR. Effect of physical activity and sedentary sitting time on psychological quality of life of people with and without disabilities; A survey from Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:998890. [PMID: 36225781 PMCID: PMC9548647 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.998890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mental and psychological health issues are on the rise globally. People with disabilities are at greater risk of poor psychological quality of life especially after covid-19 pandemic. Along with other factors physical activity (PA) may have a significant effect on mental health. This study aims to analyze the difference of PA participation and sitting time among people with and without disabilities and their association with psychological quality of life. Methods A standard questionnaire was used to collect the data from disabled and non-disabled participants above 15 years of age. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed to yield statistical results. Results Total study sample consisted of 359 participants (67.7% without disability and 32.3% with disability). Participants without disabilities reported a significantly better psychological quality of life (QOL) (Mean score = 68) as compared to the ones with disabilities (Mean score = 61), (p < 0.01). There was significant difference between the sitting time of two groups with longer sitting time among people with disabilities (6.1 h/day) as compared to non-disabled (5.3 h). Optimum level of PA was strongly associated with better psychological quality of life among individuals without disabilities (p = 0.00). Younger age (p = 0.00) and being single (p = 0.01) were significant predictors of poor psychological health among non-disables. Increase in sedentary sitting time was significantly associated with poor psychological quality of life among both groups. Conclusions Tailored health policies to encourage PA and reduce sitting hours should be formulated to improve psychological health with special focus on individuals with disabilities. Future studies with large sample size are recommended to validate the current results and further explore the difference in association of PA and psychological wellbeing in people with and without disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeela Zahra
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sehar-un-Nisa Hassan
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nuzhat Parveen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jae-Hyun Park
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Naveed Iqbal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahmida Khatoon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Raafat Atteya
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
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Bahri AA, Korairi HA, Gosadi IM, Othathi FA, Shami MO, Jareebi MA. The relationship between walking and depression, anxiety, and stress among a sample from Jazan, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional investigation. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30718. [PMID: 36197205 PMCID: PMC9509039 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aiming to investigate the association between walking and depression, anxiety and stress among adults from Jazan, Saudi Arabia. This study was a cross-sectional investigation where data was collected via an online self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire had 4 components that measured demographics of the sample, presence of depression, anxiety and stress, and walking history. Differences in median scores of depression, anxiety, and stress according to the measured characteristics were tested via the Mann-Whitney U test. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate odds of reporting depression, anxiety, and stress according to the measured characteristics. A total of 472 adult subjects participated in the current study. The median age of the participants was 23 years, and 52% were males. Half of the participants had variable degrees of depression and anxiety while 39% of the participants had variable degrees of stress. Gender appeared to have the strongest influence on level of depression, anxiety, and stress among the recruited sample (odds ratio 1.8, 2.1, 1.6 respectively (P values < .01). Upon stratifying the sample according to gender, marital status seems to have an association with depression, anxiety, and stress among females (P values < .05). Among males, only walking more than 3 days was associated with the reduction of anxiety (P value .005) and depression (P value .06). This study identified gender difference where walking was not associated with mental health among women but relatively associated among males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Bahri
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan A. Korairi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Armed Forces Hospital, Southern Region, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Gosadi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mohammad A. Jareebi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Hou G, Gao M, Zheng Y, Hou N, Zhang S, Sun J, Jannini TB, Zhang L, Dun X, Wang F, Jannini EA, Yuan J. Nomogram for stratifying patients with lifelong premature ejaculation before using the PHQ-9: An observational study. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13809. [PMID: 35514259 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A PHQ-9 score ≥ 15, represented as PHQ-9+ , indicates major depressive disorder (MDD). On using PHQ-9, the psychological burden of several patients with lifelong premature ejaculation (LPE) gets aggravated, which may lead to LPE development. We aim to construct a nomogram for predicting the individual risk of PHQ-9+ in patients with LPE and discerning those with low risks, who should avoid the PHQ-9. METHODS The nomogram was constructed by analysing data of 802 patients from Xijing Hospital and Northwest Women's & Children's Hospital. The LASSO and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify independent predictors of PHQ-9+ , used for developing the nomogram. The discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness of the nomogram were assessed in the derivation cohort and an independent validation cohort, which was composed of 505 prospectively enrolled patients from Daxing Hospital and Xijing Hospital. RESULTS The duration of PE, IELT, a history of PE exacerbation, IIEF-5 score, urinary frequency and physical pain score were identified as independent predictors. The nomogram showed excellent calibration, discrimination and clinical usefulness in the derivation and validation cohorts, with a predictive accuracy of 0.781 and 0.763, respectively. Based on this nomogram, patients were divided into not recommended, recommended and strongly recommended PHQ-9 filling groups, with PHQ-9+ rates of 3.5%, 9.3% and 30.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION A nomogram to discern LPE patients with low risks of PHQ-9+ was established. This tool can increase the positivity of MDD screening and may improve the therapeutic outcomes of those in the low-risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Hou
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Andrology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Medical Innovation Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Niuniu Hou
- Department of General Surgery, Eastern Theater Air Force Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China.,Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Siyan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women's & Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Tommaso B Jannini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinlong Dun
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuli Wang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Albali N, Almudarra S, Al-Farsi Y, Alarifi A, Al Wahaibi A, Penttinen P. Comparative Performance Evaluation of the Public Health Surveillance System in Six Gulf Cooperation Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2022; 7:e41269. [PMID: 37018033 PMCID: PMC10131602 DOI: 10.2196/41269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluating public health surveillance systems is important to ensure that events of public health importance are appropriately monitored. Evaluation studies based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines have been used to appraise surveillance systems globally. Previous evaluation studies undertaken in member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) were limited to specific illnesses within a single nation. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate public health surveillance systems in GCC countries using CDC guidelines and recommend necessary improvements to enhance these systems. METHODS The CDC guidelines were used for evaluating the surveillance systems in GCC countries. A total of 6 representatives from GCC countries were asked to rate 43 indicators across the systems' level of usefulness, simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, sensitivity, predictive value positive, representativeness, data quality, stability, and timeliness. Descriptive data analysis and univariate linear regression analysis were performed. RESULTS All surveillance systems in the GCC covered communicable diseases, and approximately two-thirds (4/6, 67%, 95% CI 29.9%-90.3%) of them covered health care-associated infections. The mean global score was 147 (SD 13.27). The United Arab Emirates scored the highest in the global score with a rating of 167 (83.5%, 95% CI 77.7%-88.0%), and Oman obtained the highest scores for usefulness, simplicity, and flexibility. Strong correlations were observed between the global score and the level of usefulness, flexibility, acceptability, representativeness, and timeliness, and a negative correlation was observed between stability and timeliness score. Disease coverage was the most substantial predictor of the GCC surveillance global score. CONCLUSIONS GCC surveillance systems are performing optimally and have shown beneficial outcomes. GCC countries must use the lessons learned from the success of the systems of the United Arab Emirates and Oman. To maintain GCC surveillance systems so that they are viable and adaptable to future potential health risks, measures including centralized information exchange, deployment of emerging technologies, and system architecture reform are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaf Albali
- Health & Public Sector, Accenture Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Almudarra
- Gulf Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Gulf Health Council, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Al-Farsi
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Health Research Unit, Gulf Health Council, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alarifi
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil Al Wahaibi
- Department of Surveillance, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Pasi Penttinen
- Gulf Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Gulf Health Council, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Althumiri NA, Basyouni MH, BinDhim NF, Alqahtani SA. Levels and Associations of Weight Misperception with Healthy Lifestyle among Adults in Saudi Arabia. Obes Facts 2021; 14:586-592. [PMID: 34535595 PMCID: PMC8739863 DOI: 10.1159/000518633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity affects more than one-quarter of adults in Saudi Arabia and is on the rise. A significant proportion of overweight and obese individuals misperceive their weight, and this misperception can affect their likelihood to exercise, consume healthy foods, or change unhealthy dietary habits. This study examines the prevalence of weight misperceptions in a national sample of Saudi adults and explores weight misperception association with sociodemographic factors, behavioral factors, and health status. METHODS This study was a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted via phone interviews. A proportional quota sampling technique was used to obtain equal distributions of participants, stratified by age and gender, across the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia. Weight and height were self-reported, and obesity was determined as a BMI ≥30. Participants were asked to describe their current weight as ideal, underweight, overweight, or obese. Misclassification was then compared across groups according to a range of sociodemographic factors, behavioral risk factors, and health indicators. RESULTS Of the 6,239 participants contacted, 4,709 (75.5%) responded and completed the interview. Of them, 50.1% were female, and the mean age was 36.4 (SD ± 13.55) years. The majority (70.1%) of participants indicated having weighed themselves within the past 30 days. The prevalence of weight misperception in general was 42.0%, and in obese participants, it was 67.6%. In addition, a significant association was observed between weight misperception and obesity, age-group, educational level, diagnosed chronic condition, self-rated health, and sedentary lifestyle. There was no significant association between weight misperception and gender, physical activity, or a nutritional knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Weight misperception could be used as an indicator of a poor health routine that may lead to negative health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A. Althumiri
- Sharik Association for Health Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Nora A. Althumiri,
| | - Mada H. Basyouni
- Sharik Association for Health Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser F. BinDhim
- Sharik Association for Health Research, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Alqahtani
- Liver Transplant Unit, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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