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Gherbesi E, Faggiano A, Sala C, Carugo S, Grassi G, Cuspidi C, Tadic M. Myocardial Mechanics in Acromegaly: A Meta-Analysis of Echocardiographic Studies. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2024:10.1007/s40292-024-00667-9. [PMID: 39242463 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-024-00667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence on myocardial deformation, detected by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), in patients with acromegaly is scanty. AIM The aim of the present meta-analysis was to provide an updated information on left ventricular (LV) systolic function assessed by global longitudinal strain (GLS) in patients with acromegaly and preserved LVEF. METHODS Following the PRISMA guidelines, systematic searches were conducted across bibliographic databases (Pub-Med, OVID, EMBASE and Cochrane library) to identify eligible studies from inception up to June 30-2024. Clinical studies published in English reporting data on LV mechanics in patients with acromegaly and controls were included. The statistical difference of the echocardiographic variables of interest between groups such as LVEF and global longitudinal strain (GLS) was calculated by standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) by using random-effects models. RESULTS Seven studies including 288 patients with acromegaly and 294 healthy individuals were considered for the analysis. Pooled average LVEF values were 64.6 ± 1.5% in the healthy control group and 64.0 ± 1.3% in the acromegaly group (SMD: - 0.21 ± 0.22, CI -0.62/0.22, p = 0.34); the corresponding values of GLS were - 19.1.1 ± 1.2% and - 17.5 ± 1.2% (SMD: -0.52 ± 0.27, CI - 1.05/0.01, p = 0.05). No difference was found between the two groups for both global circumferential strain (GCS) and global radial strain (GRS). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that patients with acromegaly in which LVEF is completely comparable to healthy controls show an impairment in GLS of borderline statistical significance. Whether GLS assessment can actually unmask early alterations of systolic function in patients with acromegaly better than LVEF will need to be investigated by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gherbesi
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Faggiano
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Sala
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Carugo
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Diseases, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Grassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Cuspidi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marijana Tadic
- University Heart Center Ulm, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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Schweizer JROL, Nachtigall LB. Cardiac MRI in acromegaly: looking for a big heart. Pituitary 2024; 27:317-319. [PMID: 38940858 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-024-01417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa B Nachtigall
- Neuroendocrine and Pituitary Tumor Clinical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Blossom Street Cox 140, Boston, MA, 02467, USA.
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De Alcubierre D, Feola T, Cozzolino A, Pofi R, Galea N, Catalano C, Auriemma RS, Pirchio R, Pivonello R, Isidori AM, Giannetta E. The spectrum of cardiac abnormalities in patients with acromegaly: results from a case-control cardiac magnetic resonance study. Pituitary 2024; 27:416-427. [PMID: 38847918 PMCID: PMC11289141 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-024-01403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiac abnormalities are common in patients with acromegaly, contributing to the increased morbidity and mortality. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the gold standard for measuring cardiac morpho-functional changes. This study aims to detect cardiac alterations in acromegaly through CMR, even when the disease is adequately controlled. METHODS In this, multicentre, case-control study, we compared consecutive patients with acromegaly, cured after surgery or requiring medical treatment, with matched controls recruited among patients harbouring non-functioning adrenal incidentalomas. RESULTS We included 20 patients with acromegaly (7 females, mean age 50 years) and 17 controls. Indexed left ventricular-end-diastolic volume (LV-EDVi) and LV-end-systolic volume (LV-ESVi) were higher in patients than in controls (p < 0.001), as were left ventricular mass (LVMi) (p = 0.001) and LV-stroke volume (LV-SVi) (p = 0.028). Right ventricle (RV) EDVi and ESVi were higher, whereas RV-ejection fraction (RV-EF) was lower (p = 0.002) in patients than in controls (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of cardiometabolic comorbidities, including hypertension, glucose and lipid metabolism impairment, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, and obesity. IGF1 x upper limit of normal significantly predicted LVMi (b = 0.575; p = 0.008). Subgroup analysis showed higher LVMi (p = 0.025) and interventricular septum thickness (p = 0.003) in male than female patients, even after adjusting cardiac parameters for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS The CMR analysis reveals a cluster of biventricular structural and functional impairment in acromegaly, even when the biochemical control if achieved. These findings appear specifically triggered by the exposure to GH-IGF1 excess and show sex-related differences advocating a possible interaction with sex hormones in cardiac disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario De Alcubierre
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome, 00161, Italy
- Neuroendocrinology, Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Tiziana Feola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome, 00161, Italy
- Neuroendocrinology, Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Alessia Cozzolino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pofi
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Churchill hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola Galea
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Catalano
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Simona Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Pirchio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome, 00161, Italy.
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ENDO-ERN accredited), Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.
| | - Elisa Giannetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, Rome, 00161, Italy.
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Wolf P, Maione L, Kamenický P, Chanson P. Acromegalic Cardiomyopathy: An Entity on its own? The Effects of GH and IGF-I Excess and Treatment on Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:102921. [PMID: 38040526 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.102921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Acromegaly is a chronic disease resulting from constantly elevated concentrations of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). If not adequately treated, GH and IGF-I excess is associated with various cardiovascular risk factors. These symptoms mainly include hypertension and impaired glucose metabolism, which can be observed in approximately one-third of patients. Other comorbidities are dyslipidemia and the presence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. However, even in the absence of conventional cardiovascular risk factors, myocardial hypertrophy can occur, which reflects the impact of GH and IGF-I excess itself on the myocardium and is defined as acromegalic cardiomyopathy. Whereas previous echocardiography-based studies reported a high prevalence of cardiomyopathy, this prevalence is much lower in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging-based studies. Myocardial hypertrophy in acromegaly is due to a homogeneous increase in the intracellular myocardial mass and extracellular myocardial matrix and improves following successful treatment through intracellular changes. Intramyocardial water retention or ectopic lipid accumulation might not be of relevant concern. Successful treatment significantly improves myocardial morphology, as well as cardiovascular risk factors. In addition to GH/IGF-I-lowering therapy, the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular complications is crucial for the successful management of acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wolf
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction and Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris-Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luigi Maione
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction and Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris-Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Peter Kamenický
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction and Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris-Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Philippe Chanson
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction and Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris-Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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Wolf P, Bouazizi K, Kachenoura N, Piedvache C, Gallo A, Salenave S, Maione L, Young J, Prigent M, Lecoq AL, Kuhn E, Agostini H, Trabado S, Redheuil A, Chanson P, Kamenický P. Increase in intracellular and extracellular myocardial mass in patients with acromegaly: a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 189:199-207. [PMID: 37549351 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acromegaly is associated with an increased left ventricular (LV) mass, as reported in echo-based and, more recently, in a few cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. One possible explanation for this increased LV mass could be water retention and subsequent myocardial edema. METHODS In this prospective cross-sectional study, 26 patients with active acromegaly before and after treatment and 31 controls of comparable age and sex were investigated using cardiac MRI. Cardiac morphology, function, and myocardial tissue characteristics were evaluated. Myocardial T2 relaxation time was used as the main outcome measure of myocardial edema. The study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02948322). RESULTS Patients compared to controls had greater LV mass indexes (58.1 [54.7-68.6] vs 46.0 [41.3-49.8] g/m2; P < .001) and end-diastolic volume (EDV) indexes (97.3 [88-101.2] vs 81.6 [78.1-96.2] mL/m2; P = .0069) and had comparable global contractile function. T2 values were not different between patients and controls. Both intracellular (43.83 [41.0-50.0] vs 34.32 [28.9-38.7] g/m2; P < .001) and extracellular (15.06 [13.5-17.1] vs 11.6 [10.8-12.7] g/m2; P < .001) LV mass indexes were higher in patients compared to controls. Log growth hormone correlated with myocardial mass (r = 0.75; P < .001). Sex, systolic blood pressure (BP), and the presence of acromegaly were predictors of the LV mass index. The extracellular LV mass index was associated with sex and the presence of acromegaly, whereas the intracellular LV mass index was associated with sex, systolic BP, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Acromegaly treatment reduced EDV and total and intracellular LV mass indexes without significantly affecting extracellular mass. CONCLUSION Acromegaly results in a disease-specific form of LV hypertrophic remodeling, characterized by an increase in both intra- and extracellular mass. The LV mass index and intracellular mass were decreased by treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wolf
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Khaoula Bouazizi
- CNRS, Inserm, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France
- Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nadjia Kachenoura
- CNRS, Inserm, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France
- Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Céline Piedvache
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Unité de Recherche Clinique, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Unité de recherche sur les maladies cardiovasculaires et métaboliques, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpètriêre, Service de Nutrition, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Salenave
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Luigi Maione
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jacques Young
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mikaël Prigent
- Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Anne-Lise Lecoq
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kuhn
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Helene Agostini
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Unité de Recherche Clinique, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Severine Trabado
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Pharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Alban Redheuil
- CNRS, Inserm, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France
- Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), 75013 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité d'Imagerie Cardiovasculaire et Thoracique, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chanson
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Peter Kamenický
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse, 94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Popielarz-Grygalewicz A, Stelmachowska-Banaś M, Raczkiewicz D, Czajka-Oraniec I, Zieliński G, Kochman W, Dąbrowski M, Zgliczyński W. Effects of acromegaly treatment on left ventricular systolic function assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography in relation to sex differences: results from a prospective single center study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1154615. [PMID: 37223021 PMCID: PMC10200955 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1154615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the preserved LVEF, patients with acromegaly are characterized by subclinical systolic dysfunction i.e., abnormal global longitudinal strain (GLS) assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). The effect of acromegaly treatment on LV systolic function assessed by STE, has not been evaluated so far. Patients and methods Thirty-two naïve acromegalic patients without detectable heart disease were enrolled in a prospective, single-center study. 2D-Echocardiography and STE were performed at diagnosis, 3&6 months on preoperative somatostatin receptor ligand (SRL) treatment and 3 months after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). Results Treatment with SRL resulted in reduction in median (IQR) GH&IGF-1 levels after 3 months, from 9.1(3.2-21.9) to 1.8(0.9-5.2) ng/mL (p<0.001) and from 3.2(2.3-4.3) to 1.5(1.1-2.5) xULN (p<0.001), respectively. Biochemical control on SRL was achieved in 25.8% of patients after 6 months and complete surgical remission was achieved in 41.7% of patients. TSS resulted in decrease in median (IQR) IGF-1 compared to IGF-1 levels on SRL treatment: from 1.5(1.2-2.5) to 1.3(1.0-1.6) xULN (p=0.003). Females had lower IGF-1 levels at baseline, on SRL and after TSS compared to males. The median end diastolic and end systolic left ventricle volumes were normal. Almost half of the patients (46.9%) had increased LVMi, however the median value of LVMi was normal in both sex groups: 99g/m2 in males and 94g/m2 in females. Most patients (78.1%) had increased LAVi and the median value was 41.8mL/m2. At baseline 50% of patients, mostly men (62.5% vs. 37.5%) had GLS values higher than -20%. There was a positive correlation between baseline GLS and BMI r=0.446 (p=0.011) and BSA r=0.411 (p=0.019). The median GLS significantly improved after 3 months of SRL treatment compared to baseline: -20.4% vs. -20.0% (p=0.045). The median GLS was lower in patients with surgical remission compared to patients with elevated GH&IGF-1 levels: -22.5% vs. -19.8% (p=0.029). There was a positive correlation between GLS and IGF-1 levels after TSS r=0.570 (p=0.007). Conclusion The greatest beneficial effect of acromegaly treatment on LV systolic function is visible already after 3 months of preoperative SRL treatment, especially in women. Patients with surgical remission have better GLS compared to patients with persistent acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dorota Raczkiewicz
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Grzegorz Zieliński
- Department of Neurosurgery, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wacław Kochman
- Department of Cardiology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Dąbrowski
- Department of Cardiology, Bielanski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zgliczyński
- Department of Endocrinology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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Role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the clinical evaluation of left ventricular hypertrophy: a 360° panorama. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 39:793-809. [PMID: 36543912 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-022-02774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a frequent imaging finding in the general population. In order to identify the precise etiology, a comprehensive diagnostic approach should be adopted, including the prevalence of each entity that may cause LVH, family history, clinical, electrocardiographic and imaging findings. By providing a detailed evaluation of the myocardium, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has assumed a central role in the differential diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy, with the technique of parametric imaging allowing more refined tissue characterization. This article aims to establish a parallel between pathophysiological features and imaging findings through the broad spectrum of LVH entities, emphasizing the role of CMR in the differential diagnosis.
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Christidi A, Mavrogeni SI. Rare Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases with Cardiovascular Involvement: Insights from Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance - A Review. Horm Metab Res 2022; 54:339-353. [PMID: 35526533 DOI: 10.1055/a-1846-4878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The identification of rare diseases with cardiovascular involvement poses significant diagnostic challenges due to the rarity of the diseases, but also due to the lack of knowledge and expertise. Most of them remain underrecognized and undiagnosed, leading to clinical mismanagement and affecting the patients' prognosis, as these diseases are per definition life-threatening or chronic debilitating. This article reviews the cardiovascular involvement of the most well-known rare metabolic and endocrine diseases and their diagnostic approach through the lens of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and its prognostic role, highlighting its fundamental value compared to other imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Christidi
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Euromedica General Clinic, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sophie I Mavrogeni
- Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece, Exercise Physiology and Sport Medicine Clinic, Center for Adolescent Medicine and UNESCO Chair in Adolescent Health Care, Athens, Greece
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Vasques‐Nóvoa F, Angélico‐Gonçalves A, Alvarenga JM, Nobrega J, Cerqueira RJ, Mancio J, Leite‐Moreira AF, Roncon‐Albuquerque R. Myocardial oedema: pathophysiological basis and implications for the failing heart. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:958-976. [PMID: 35150087 PMCID: PMC8934951 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fluid homeostasis relies on a complex interplay between microvascular filtration, interstitial hydration, cardiomyocyte water uptake and lymphatic removal. Dysregulation of one or more of these mechanisms may result in myocardial oedema. Interstitial and intracellular fluid accumulation disrupts myocardial architecture, intercellular communication, and metabolic pathways, decreasing contractility and increasing myocardial stiffness. The widespread use of cardiac magnetic resonance enabled the identification of myocardial oedema as a clinically relevant imaging finding with prognostic implications in several types of heart failure. Furthermore, growing experimental evidence has contributed to a better understanding of the physical and molecular interactions in the microvascular barrier, myocardial interstitium and lymphatics and how they might be disrupted in heart failure. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the factors controlling myocardial water balance in the healthy and failing heart and pinpoint the new potential therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Vasques‐Nóvoa
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoAl. Prof. Hernâni MonteiroPorto4200‐319Portugal
| | - António Angélico‐Gonçalves
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoAl. Prof. Hernâni MonteiroPorto4200‐319Portugal
| | - José M.G. Alvarenga
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoAl. Prof. Hernâni MonteiroPorto4200‐319Portugal
| | - João Nobrega
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoAl. Prof. Hernâni MonteiroPorto4200‐319Portugal
| | - Rui J. Cerqueira
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoAl. Prof. Hernâni MonteiroPorto4200‐319Portugal
| | - Jennifer Mancio
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoAl. Prof. Hernâni MonteiroPorto4200‐319Portugal
| | - Adelino F. Leite‐Moreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoAl. Prof. Hernâni MonteiroPorto4200‐319Portugal
| | - Roberto Roncon‐Albuquerque
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoAl. Prof. Hernâni MonteiroPorto4200‐319Portugal
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Khatiwada S, Boro H, Farooqui FA, Alam S. Endocrine causes of heart failure: A clinical primer for cardiologists. Indian Heart J 2020; 73:14-21. [PMID: 33714404 PMCID: PMC7961238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) may be a presenting manifestation of a few endocrine disorders and should be considered in evaluation of heart failure causes. This clinically oriented review is an attempt to highlight the protean manifestations of heart failure in endocrine diseases which could present either as acute or chronic heart failure. Acute heart failure manifests as hypertensive crisis, Takotsubo syndrome, or as tachy/brady cardiomyopathies. Chronic heart failure could masquerade with features of hyperdynamic heart failure, or hypertrophic, restrictive or dilated cardiomyopathy. Rarely constrictive features or resistant heart failure could be the presenting feature. Isolated presentation as pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure are also documented. Good history-taking and physical examination with targeted investigations will help in the timely management for reversing the pathophysiology to a significant extent by appropriated management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Khatiwada
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Hiya Boro
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Faraz Ahmed Farooqui
- Department of Cardiology, Holy Heart Advanced Cardiac Care and Research Centre, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Sarah Alam
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Kamenický P, Maione L, Chanson P. Cardiovascular complications of acromegaly. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2020; 82:206-209. [PMID: 33168155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Acromegaly is a chronic disease due to growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) excess. It is associated with various systemic complications including cardiovascular disease. Arterial hypertension occurs in about 20% to 30% of patients. Its pathogenesis is mainly related to the increase in plasma volume secondary to a sodium retaining actions of GH and IGF-1 in the kidney, but abnormalities in vessel architecture and reactivity participate. Left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunctions were frequently reported in echo-based studies and are mostly mild and without clinical consequences. Recent cardiac MRI studies described a much lower frequency of myocardial hypertrophy than echo-based assessments. Progression to systolic dysfunction with congestive heart failure is nowadays very rare. Risk of coronary heart disease and of clinically significant arrythmias does not seem to be increased. Acromegaly-related cardiac valve abnormalities may be related to fibrotic changes and seem to persist after effective treatment of acromegaly. Advances in acromegaly treatment over the last decades significantly diminished the cardiovascular burden of the disease, with the cardiovascular disease anymore being the leading cause of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kamenický
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse (HYPO), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Luigi Maione
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse (HYPO), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Philippe Chanson
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares de l'Hypophyse (HYPO), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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12
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Guo X, Cao J, Liu P, Cao Y, Li X, Gao L, Wang Z, Fang L, Jin Z, Wang Y, Xing B. Cardiac Abnormalities in Acromegaly Patients: A Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Study. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:2018464. [PMID: 32148485 PMCID: PMC7042537 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2018464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac abnormalities are the most common and deadly comorbidities of acromegaly. Assessments using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in acromegaly patients are rare. We aimed to evaluate the frequencies of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), interventricular septum hypertrophy (IVSH), LV systolic dysfunction (LVSD), right ventricular systolic dysfunction (RVSD), and myocardial fibrosis (MCF) and detailed quantitative parameters in acromegaly patients using CMR and analyze their correlations with clinical features. Sixty-one patients were enrolled in this study. The rates of LVH, IVSH, LVSD, RVSD, and MCF were 26.2%, 27.9%, 8.2%, 9.8%, and 14.8%, respectively. The average LV mass, LV mass index, IVS thickness, LV and RV free wall thickness, and LV and RV ejection fractions were 114.4 g, 60.0 g/m2, 9.6 mm, 7.2 mm, 2.9 mm, 59.9%, and 56.6%, respectively. The LV mass index was larger (68.9 ± 26.0 vs. 48.8 ± 10.6 g/m2), the IVS was thicker (10.3 ± 2.8 vs. 8.8 ± 1.8 mm), and the LV (57.6 ± 12.3% vs. 62.8 ± 4.8%) and RV ejection fractions (54.6 ± 8.7% vs. 59.2 ± 5.9%) were lower in male patients than in female patients (all p < 0.05). Age, body mass index (BMI), disease duration, and hypertension were associated with cardiac abnormalities (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, structural and functional cardiac abnormalities can be comprehensively evaluated by CMR in acromegaly patients. Gender greatly affects the presence of cardiac abnormalities. Age, BMI, disease duration, and hypertension but not GH or IGF-1 levels are associated clinical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Peijun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yihan Cao
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ligang Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yining Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bing Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Disease Registry Center, Beijing 100730, China
- China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, Beijing 100730, China
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13
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Ramos-Leví AM, Marazuela M. Bringing Cardiovascular Comorbidities in Acromegaly to an Update. How Should We Diagnose and Manage Them? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:120. [PMID: 30930848 PMCID: PMC6423916 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with acromegaly frequently develop cardiovascular comorbidities, which significantly affect their morbidity and contribute to an increased all-cause mortality. In this regard, the most frequent complications that these patients may encounter include hypertension, cardiomyopathy, heart valve disease, arrhythmias, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. The specific underlying mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of these comorbidities are not always fully understood, but uncontrolled GH/IGF-I excess, age, prolonged disease duration, and coexistence of other cardio-vascular risk factors have been identified as significant influencing predisposing factors. It is important that clinicians bear in mind the potential development of cardiovascular comorbidities in acromegalic patients, in order to promptly tackle them, and avoid the progression of cardiac abnormalities. In many cases, this approach may be performed using straightforward screening tools, which will guide us for further diagnosis and management of cardiovascular complications. This article focuses on those cardiovascular comorbidities that are most frequently encountered in acromegalic patients, describes their pathophysiology, and suggests some recommendations for an early and optimal diagnosis, management and treatment.
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Rochette C, Castinetti F, Brue T. [Acromegaly and Cushing's disease: Persistence of comorbidities after the control of hypersecretion]. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2017. [PMID: 28645354 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4266(17)30074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Acromegaly and Cushing's disease lead to common and distinct comorbidities. Currently available treatments lead to the control of hyper secretion in the majority of cases. However, the prevalence of the comorbidities does not always go back to the one of the normal population after remission. For instance, about 1/3 of acromegalic patients with diabetes and half of patients with Cushing's disease and diabetes will have normal blood glucose values after remission. In contrast, high blood pressure frequently recovers after remission in both diseases. In contrast, while patients with acromegaly improve their lipid profile, patients with Cushing's disease frequently remain hypertriglyceridemic. Many other comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, bone alterations, altered quality of life) may persist after the control of hyper secretion. The aim of this review is to focus on the outcome of patients with acromegaly and Cuhing's disease, and to suggest the optimal follow-up of such patients in a multidisciplinary approach. These points have been discussed during the 2016 European Congress of Endocrinology, notably by J.Romijn and E.Valassi.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rochette
- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Jardin du Pharo, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, 13284 Marseille, France; Service d'endocrinologie-diabète-maladies métaboliques, Pôle ENDO, Centre de Référence Pathologies hypophysaires Rares, Hôpital de la Conception, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - F Castinetti
- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Jardin du Pharo, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, 13284 Marseille, France; Service d'endocrinologie-diabète-maladies métaboliques, Pôle ENDO, Centre de Référence Pathologies hypophysaires Rares, Hôpital de la Conception, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France; Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, CNRS UMR 7286 - CRN2M, Boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - T Brue
- Université d'Aix-Marseille, Jardin du Pharo, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, 13284 Marseille, France; Service d'endocrinologie-diabète-maladies métaboliques, Pôle ENDO, Centre de Référence Pathologies hypophysaires Rares, Hôpital de la Conception, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France; Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, CNRS UMR 7286 - CRN2M, Boulevard Pierre Dramard, 13015 Marseille, France.
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15
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Ramos-Leví AM, Marazuela M. Cardiovascular comorbidities in acromegaly: an update on their diagnosis and management. Endocrine 2017; 55:346-359. [PMID: 28042644 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Comorbidities related to the cardiovascular system are one of the most prevalent in patients with acromegaly, and contribute to an increased risk of morbidity and all-cause mortality. Specifically, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, heart valve disease, arrhythmias, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and cardiac dysfunction may be frequent findings. Although the underlying physiopathology for each comorbidity may not be fully elucidated, uncontrolled growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 excess, age, prolonged disease duration, and coexistence of other cardio-vascular risk factors are significant influencing variables. A simple diagnostic approach to screen for the presence of these comorbidities may allow prompt treatment and arrest the progression of cardiac abnormalities. In this article, we revise the most prevalent cardiovascular comorbidities and their pathophysiology in acromegalic patients, and we address some recommendations for their prompt diagnosis, management and treatment. Strengths and pitfalls of different diagnostic techniques that are currently being used and how different treatments can affect these complications will be further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Ramos-Leví
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Lagan J, Schmitt M, Miller CA. Clinical applications of multi-parametric CMR in myocarditis and systemic inflammatory diseases. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 34:35-54. [PMID: 28130644 PMCID: PMC5797564 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-017-1063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has changed the management of suspected viral myocarditis by providing a ‘positive’ diagnostic test and has lead to new insights into myocardial involvement in systemic inflammatory conditions. In this review we analyse the use of CMR tissue characterisation techniques across the available studies including T2 weighted imaging, early gadolinium enhancement, late gadolinium enhancement, Lake Louise Criteria, T2 mapping, T1 mapping and extracellular volume assessment. We also discuss the use of multiparametric CMR in acute cardiac transplant rejection and a variety of inflammatory conditions such as sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythrematous, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Lagan
- North West Heart Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Matthias Schmitt
- North West Heart Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher A Miller
- North West Heart Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
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17
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Warszawski L, Kasuki L, Sá R, Dos Santos Silva CM, Volschan I, Gottlieb I, Pedrosa RC, Gadelha MR. Low frequency of cardniac arrhythmias and lack of structural heart disease in medically-naïve acromegaly patients: a prospective study at baseline and after 1 year of somatostatin analogs treatment. Pituitary 2016; 19:582-589. [PMID: 27591859 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-016-0749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of arrhythmias may be increased in acromegaly, but the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved are still unclear, and it has never been correlated with structural heart changes analyzed by the gold-standard method cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). AIM Evaluate the frequency of arrhythmias in drug-naïve acromegaly patients at baseline and after 1 year of somatostatin analogs (SA) treatment and to correlate the occurrence of arrhythmias with the presence of structural heart changes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Consecutive drug-naïve acromegaly patients were recruited. The occurrence of arrhythmias and structural heart changes were studied through 24-h Holter and CMR, respectively, at baseline and after 1-year SA treatment. RESULTS Thirty-six patients were studied at baseline and 28 were re-evaluated after 1 year of SA treatment. There were 13 females and median age was 48 years (20-73 years). Nine patients (32 %) were controlled after treatment. No sustained arrhythmias were reported in the 24-h Holter. No arrhythmia-related symptoms were observed. Only two patients presented left ventricular hypertrophy and three patients presented fibrosis at baseline. There was no correlation of the left ventricular mass with the number of episodes of arrhythmias and they were not more prevalent in the patients presenting cardiac fibrosis. CONCLUSION We found no sustained arrhythmias and a lack of arrhythmia-related symptoms at baseline and after 1 year of SA treatment in a contemporary cohort of acromegaly patients that also present a low frequency of structural heart changes, indicating that these patients may have a lower frequency of heart disease than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Warszawski
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center - Endocrine Section, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 255, sala 9F, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil
- Endocrine Unit, Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione (IEDE), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Kasuki
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center - Endocrine Section, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 255, sala 9F, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil
- Neuroendocrine Section - Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Endocrine Unit, Hospital Federal de Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Sá
- Cardiology Section, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cintia Marques Dos Santos Silva
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center - Endocrine Section, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 255, sala 9F, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Isabela Volschan
- Cardiology Section, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ilan Gottlieb
- Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem/Multi-Imagem, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Radiology Department, Casa de Saúde São Jose, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Coury Pedrosa
- Cardiology Section, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mônica R Gadelha
- Neuroendocrinology Research Center - Endocrine Section, Medical School and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Professor Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 255, sala 9F, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil.
- Neuroendocrine Section - Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Kuhn E, Maione L, Bouchachi A, Rozière M, Salenave S, Brailly-Tabard S, Young J, Kamenicky P, Assayag P, Chanson P. Long-term effects of pegvisomant on comorbidities in patients with acromegaly: a retrospective single-center study. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173:693-702. [PMID: 26429918 PMCID: PMC4592912 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The effect of pegvisomant on IGF1 levels in patients with acromegaly is well documented, but little is known of its long-term impact on comorbidity. AIM The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effects of long-term pegvisomant therapy on cardiorespiratory and metabolic comorbidity in patients with acromegaly. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed the long-term (up to 10 years) effect of pegvisomant therapy given alone (n=19, 45%) or in addition to somatostatin analogues and/or cabergoline (n=23, 55%) on echocardiographic, polysomnographic and metabolic parameters in respectively 42, 12 and 26 patients with acromegaly followed in Bicêtre hospital. RESULTS At the first cardiac evaluation, 20±16 months after pegvisomant introduction, IGF1 levels normalized in 29 (69%) of the 42 patients. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improved significantly in patients whose basal LVEF was ≤60% and decreased in those whose LVEF was >70%. The left ventricular mass index (LVMi) decreased from 123±25 to 101±21 g/m(2) (P<0.05) in the 17 patients with a basal LVMi higher than the median (91 g/m(2)), while it remained stable in the other patients. Pegvisomant reduced the apnoea-hypopnea index and cured obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in four of the eight patients concerned. Long-term follow-up of 22 patients showed continuing improvements in cardiac parameters. The BMI and LDL cholesterol level increased minimally during pegvisomant therapy, and other lipid parameters were not modified. CONCLUSIONS Long-term pegvisomant therapy not only normalizes IGF1 in a large proportion of patients but also improves cardiac and respiratory comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Kuhn
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de CardiologieF-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de Génétique moléculairePharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceUniv Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1185F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de CardiologieF-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de Génétique moléculairePharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceUniv Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1185F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de CardiologieF-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de Génétique moléculairePharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceUniv Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1185F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Luigi Maione
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de CardiologieF-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de Génétique moléculairePharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceUniv Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1185F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Amir Bouchachi
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de CardiologieF-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de Génétique moléculairePharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceUniv Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1185F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Myriam Rozière
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de CardiologieF-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de Génétique moléculairePharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceUniv Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1185F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Sylvie Salenave
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de CardiologieF-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de Génétique moléculairePharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceUniv Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1185F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Sylvie Brailly-Tabard
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de CardiologieF-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de Génétique moléculairePharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceUniv Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1185F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de CardiologieF-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de Génétique moléculairePharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceUniv Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1185F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Jacques Young
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de CardiologieF-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de Génétique moléculairePharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceUniv Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1185F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de CardiologieF-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de Génétique moléculairePharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceUniv Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1185F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de CardiologieF-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de Génétique moléculairePharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceUniv Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1185F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Peter Kamenicky
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de CardiologieF-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de Génétique moléculairePharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceUniv Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1185F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de CardiologieF-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de Génétique moléculairePharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceUniv Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1185F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de CardiologieF-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de Génétique moléculairePharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceUniv Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1185F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Patrick Assayag
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de CardiologieF-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de Génétique moléculairePharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceUniv Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1185F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de CardiologieF-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de Génétique moléculairePharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceUniv Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1185F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Philippe Chanson
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de CardiologieF-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de Génétique moléculairePharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceUniv Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1185F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de CardiologieF-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de Génétique moléculairePharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceUniv Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1185F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisHôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de CardiologieF-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceService de Génétique moléculairePharmacogénétique et Hormonologie, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceUniv Paris-SudUniversité Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S1185, F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, FranceInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1185F-94276 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Montant P, Sigovan M, Revel D, Douek P. MR imaging assessment of myocardial edema with T2 mapping. Diagn Interv Imaging 2015; 96:885-90. [PMID: 25697831 DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) provides a high signal-to-noise ratio, high spatial and temporal resolutions, as well as a delayed-enhancement sequence and is therefore considered a reference technique in the field of cardiac imaging. However, currently available sequences are not adequate to assess some pathologic conditions, such as myocardial edema. T2 mapping sequences generate parametric images that are based on the transverse relaxation time (T2) for each voxel. In case of edema, the T2 relaxation time is longer. This review summarizes current knowledge on CMR T2 mapping for assessing myocardial edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Montant
- Department of Cardiology, centre hospitalier Alpes-Léman, 558, route de Findrol, 74130 Contamine-sur-Arve, France
| | - M Sigovan
- Pôle d'activité médicale imagerie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 28, avenue Doyen-Lépine, 69677 Bron cedex, France.
| | - D Revel
- Department of Radiology, hôpital Louis-Pradel, 28, avenue Doyen-Lépine, 69677 Bron cedex, France
| | - P Douek
- Department of Radiology, hôpital Louis-Pradel, 28, avenue Doyen-Lépine, 69677 Bron cedex, France
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20
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Bönner F, Janzarik N, Jacoby C, Spieker M, Schnackenburg B, Range F, Butzbach B, Haberkorn S, Westenfeld R, Neizel-Wittke M, Flögel U, Kelm M. Myocardial T2 mapping reveals age- and sex-related differences in volunteers. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015; 17:9. [PMID: 25656484 PMCID: PMC4318191 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-015-0118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T2 mapping indicates to be a sensitive method for detection of tissue oedema hidden beyond the detection limits of T2-weighted Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR). However, due to variability of baseline T2 values in volunteers, reference values need to be defined. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of age and sex on quantitative T2 mapping with a turbo gradient-spin-echo (GRASE) sequence at 1.5 T. For that reason, we studied sensitivity issues as well as technical and biological effects on GRASE-derived myocardial T2 maps. Furthermore, intra- and interobserver variability were calculated using data from a large volunteer group. METHODS GRASE-derived multiecho images were analysed using dedicated software. After sequence optimization, validation and sensitivity measurements were performed in muscle phantoms ex vivo and in vivo. The optimized parameters were used to analyse CMR images of 74 volunteers of mixed sex and a wide range of age with typical prevalence of hypertension and diabetes. Myocardial T2 values were analysed globally and according to the 17 segment model. Strain-encoded (SENC) imaging was additionally performed to investigate possible effects of myocardial strain on global or segmental T2 values. RESULTS Ex vivo studies in muscle phantoms showed, that GRASE-derived T2 values were comparable to those acquired by a standard multiecho spinecho sequence but faster by a factor of 6. Besides that, T2 values reflected tissue water content. The in vivo measurements in volunteers revealed intra- and interobserver correlations with R2=0.91 and R2=0.94 as well as a coefficients of variation of 2.4% and 2.2%, respectively. While global T2 time significantly decreased towards the heart basis, female volunteers had significant higher T2 time irrespective of myocardial region. We found no correlation of segmental T2 values with maximal systolic, diastolic strain or heart rate. Interestingly, volunteers´ age was significantly correlated to T2 time while that was not the case for other coincident cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION GRASE-derived T2 maps are highly reproducible. However, female sex and aging with typical prevalence of hypertension and diabetes were accompanied by increased myocardial T2 values. Thus, sex and age must be considered as influence factors when using GRASE in a diagnostic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bönner
- />Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Niko Janzarik
- />Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Jacoby
- />Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- />Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maximilian Spieker
- />Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Felix Range
- />Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Britta Butzbach
- />Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Haberkorn
- />Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Westenfeld
- />Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mirja Neizel-Wittke
- />Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- />Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
- />CARID (Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- />Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- />CARID (Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf), Düsseldorf, Germany
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21
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Butler CR, Savu A, Bakal JA, Toma M, Thompson R, Chow K, Wang H, Kim DH, Mengel M, Haykowsky M, Pearson GJ, Kaul P, Paterson I. Correlation of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging findings and endomyocardial biopsy results in patients undergoing screening for heart transplant rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015; 34:643-50. [PMID: 25934478 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is the current gold standard to screen for heart transplant rejection but has important risks and limitations. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is increasingly used to characterize cardiac function and myocardial tissue. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of CMRI compared with EMB and clinically diagnosed heart transplant rejection. METHODS Comprehensive CMRI scans were performed on adult heart transplant recipients within 24 hours of EMB (routine or clinically indicated), before initiation of any anti-rejection therapy, and blinded to EMB results. Multivariable analysis was used to create CMRI diagnostic criteria for comparison with a positive EMB (Grade ≥ 2R or antibody-mediated rejection) and clinical rejection (change in medical therapy to treat rejection). RESULTS Sixty participants (75% male; mean age, 51 ± 14 years) were recruited, providing 73 comparisons between CMRI and EMB for the diagnosis of rejection. Multivariable logistic regression identified myocardial edema (T2 relaxation time) and right ventricular end-diastolic volume index as independent predictors of a positive EMB. Combining threshold right ventricular end-diastolic volume index and edema values predicted a positive EMB with very good accuracy: sensitivity, 93%; specificity, 78%; positive predictive value, 52%; and negative predictive valve, 98%. CMRI was more sensitive than EMB at predicting clinical rejection (sensitivity of 67% vs 58%). CONCLUSIONS CMRI has high sensitivity and high negative predictive value in predicting biopsy-positive heart transplant rejection and may be useful as a screening test before routine EMB. CMRI also has better sensitivity for clinically diagnosed heart transplant rejection and could be helpful in cases of negative rejection on the biopsy specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R Butler
- Division of Cardiology, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - AnaMaria Savu
- Division of Cardiology, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Mustafa Toma
- Division of Cardiology, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Harris Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel H Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Mark Haykowsky
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Glen J Pearson
- Division of Cardiology, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Padma Kaul
- Division of Cardiology, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian Paterson
- Division of Cardiology, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Butler CR, Kim DH, Chow K, Toma M, Thompson R, Mengel M, Haykowsky M, Pearson GJ, Paterson I. Cardiovascular MRI predicts 5-year adverse clinical outcome in heart transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:2055-61. [PMID: 25100504 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Imaging recommendations for the follow-up of heart transplant recipients (HTRs) lack evidence justifying their prognostic value. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) can characterize heart structure and function and has prognostic value in many myocardial diseases. We hypothesized that CMRI evaluation of cardiac allografts would predict adverse events. We performed CMRI on 60 HTRs evaluating biventricular size, function and myocardial scar. We performed survival analysis to identify independent predictors of cardiovascular (CV) death or hospitalization. Participants had a mean age of 51 ± 14 years, mean graft age of 3.5 years (±4) and 75% are male. Median follow-up time was 4.9 years with 22 CV hospitalizations and 7 CV deaths. A multivariable survival analysis of imaging and clinical variables identified myocardial scar (hazard ratio [HR] of 10.7, p = 0.005), right ventricular end- diastolic volume index (RVEDVI; 1.1/mL/m(2) , p = 0.001), graft age (HR = 1.2/year, p = 0.004) and previous allograft rejection (HR = 4.4, p = 0.006) as predictive of time to CV death or hospitalization. CMRI-derived myocardial scar and RVEDVI are independently associated with CV outcomes in HTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Butler
- Division of Cardiology, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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23
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Giustina A, Chanson P, Kleinberg D, Bronstein MD, Clemmons DR, Klibanski A, van der Lely AJ, Strasburger CJ, Lamberts SW, Ho KKY, Casanueva FF, Melmed S. Expert consensus document: A consensus on the medical treatment of acromegaly. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2014; 10:243-8. [PMID: 24566817 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2014.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In March 2013, the Acromegaly Consensus Group met to revise and update guidelines for the medical treatment of acromegaly. The meeting comprised experts skilled in the medical management of acromegaly. The group considered treatment goals covering biochemical, clinical and tumour volume outcomes, and the place in guidelines of somatostatin receptor ligands, growth hormone receptor antagonists and dopamine agonists, and alternative modalities for treatment including combination therapy and novel treatments. This document represents the conclusions of the workshop consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giustina
- Chair of Endocrinology, University of Brescia, via Biseo 17, 25100 Brescia, Italy
| | - Philippe Chanson
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, F 94275, France
| | - David Kleinberg
- Neuroendocrine Unit, New York University School of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, 423 East 23rd Street, Room 16043W, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Marcello D Bronstein
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of São Paulo Medical School, Avenue Dr. Eneas de Carvalho, 255, 7° Andar, Sala 7037, São Paulo, CEP 05403 000, Brazil
| | - David R Clemmons
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, CB# 7170, 8024 Burnett-Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Anne Klibanski
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aart J van der Lely
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Steven W Lamberts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ken K Y Ho
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Road, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- Santiago de Compostela University and CIBERobn, Santiago de Compostela, E-15780, Spain
| | - Shlomo Melmed
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Room 2015, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Kamenický P, Mazziotti G, Lombès M, Giustina A, Chanson P. Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, and the kidney: pathophysiological and clinical implications. Endocr Rev 2014; 35:234-81. [PMID: 24423979 DOI: 10.1210/er.2013-1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Besides their growth-promoting properties, GH and IGF-1 regulate a broad spectrum of biological functions in several organs, including the kidney. This review focuses on the renal actions of GH and IGF-1, taking into account major advances in renal physiology and hormone biology made over the last 20 years, allowing us to move our understanding of GH/IGF-1 regulation of renal functions from a cellular to a molecular level. The main purpose of this review was to analyze how GH and IGF-1 regulate renal development, glomerular functions, and tubular handling of sodium, calcium, phosphate, and glucose. Whenever possible, the relative contributions, the nephronic topology, and the underlying molecular mechanisms of GH and IGF-1 actions were addressed. Beyond the physiological aspects of GH/IGF-1 action on the kidney, the review describes the impact of GH excess and deficiency on renal architecture and functions. It reports in particular new insights into the pathophysiological mechanism of body fluid retention and of changes in phospho-calcium metabolism in acromegaly as well as of the reciprocal changes in sodium, calcium, and phosphate homeostasis observed in GH deficiency. The second aim of this review was to analyze how the GH/IGF-1 axis contributes to major renal diseases such as diabetic nephropathy, renal failure, renal carcinoma, and polycystic renal disease. It summarizes the consequences of chronic renal failure and glucocorticoid therapy after renal transplantation on GH secretion and action and questions the interest of GH therapy in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kamenický
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (P.K., M.L., P.C.), Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Le Kremlin Bicêtre F-94275, France; Univ Paris-Sud (P.K., M.L., P.C.), Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre F-94276, France; Inserm Unité 693 (P.K., M.L., P.C.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre F-94276, France; and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences (A.G., G.M.), Chair of Endocrinology, University of Brescia, 25125 Brescia, Italy
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26
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Effect of physiological heart rate variability on quantitative T2 measurement with ECG-gated Fast Spin Echo (FSE) sequence and its retrospective correction. Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 31:1559-66. [PMID: 23954080 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Quantitative T2 measurement is applied in cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis and follow-up of myocardial pathologies. Standard Electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated fast spin echo pulse sequences can be used clinically for T2 assessment, with multiple breath-holds. However, heart rate is subject to physiological variability, which causes repetition time variations and affects the recovery of longitudinal magnetization between TR periods. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bias caused by heart rate variability on quantitative T2 measurements is evaluated for fast spin echo pulse sequence. Its retrospective correction based on an effective TR is proposed. Heart rate variations during breath-holds are provided by the ECG recordings from healthy volunteers. T2 measurements were performed on a phantom with known T2 values, by synchronizing the sequence with the recorded ECG. Cardiac T2 measurements were performed twice on six volunteers. The impact of T1 on T2 is also studied. RESULTS Maximum error in T2 is 26% for phantoms and 18% for myocardial measurement. It is reduced by the proposed compensation method to 20% for phantoms and 10% for in vivo measurements. Only approximate knowledge of T1 is needed for T2 correction. CONCLUSION Heart rate variability may cause a bias in T2 measurement with ECG-gated FSE. It needs to be taken into account to avoid a misleading diagnosis from the measurements.
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27
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Park JH, Kwon DH, Starling RC, Marwick TH. Role of imaging in the detection of reversible cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2013; 21:45-55. [PMID: 23837113 PMCID: PMC3701778 DOI: 10.4250/jcu.2013.21.2.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a major clinical problem in developed countries with about half of heart failure patients exhibiting decreased left ventricular systolic function. The correct identification and prompt treatment of some specific etiologies can reverse heart failure, and recognition of myocardial recovery may avoid long-term therapy. However, the echocardiographic patterns of patients with a variety of etiologies of heart failure are similar, so the selective use of other imaging techniques is necessary for identification of specific etiologies. The role of repeat imaging in monitoring the therapeutic response is controversial, as is the cessation of medical therapy in patients demonstrating recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyeong Park
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Oh, USA. ; Cardiology Division of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
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Tham EB, Haykowsky MJ, Chow K, Spavor M, Kaneko S, Khoo NS, Pagano JJ, Mackie AS, Thompson RB. Diffuse myocardial fibrosis by T1-mapping in children with subclinical anthracycline cardiotoxicity: relationship to exercise capacity, cumulative dose and remodeling. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013; 15:48. [PMID: 23758789 PMCID: PMC3688348 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-15-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The late cardiotoxic effects of anthracycline chemotherapy influence morbidity and mortality in the growing population of childhood cancer survivors. Even with lower anthracycline doses, evidence of adverse cardiac remodeling and reduced exercise capacity exist. We aim to examine the relationship between cardiac structure, function and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) tissue characteristics with chemotherapy dose and exercise capacity in childhood cancer survivors. METHODS Thirty patients (15 ± 3 years), at least 2 years following anthracycline treatment, underwent CMR, echocardiography, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (peak VO(2)). CMR measured ventricular function, mass, T(1) and T(2) values, and myocardial extracellular volume fraction, ECV, a measure of diffuse fibrosis based on changes in myocardial T1 values pre- and post-gadolinium. Cardiac function was also assessed with conventional and speckle tracking echocardiography. RESULTS Patients had normal LVEF (59 ± 7%) but peak VO(2) was 17% lower than age-predicted normal values and were correlated with anthracycline dose (r = -0.49). Increased ECV correlated with decreased mass/volume ratio (r = -0.64), decreased LV wall thickness/height ratio (r = -0.72), lower peak VO(2)(r = -0.52), and higher cumulative dose (r = 0.40). Echocardiographic measures of systolic and diastolic function were reduced compared to normal values (p < 0.01), but had no relation to ECV, peak VO(2) or cumulative dose. CONCLUSIONS Myocardial T1 and ECV were found to be early tissue markers of ventricular remodeling that may represent diffuse fibrosis in children with normal ejection fraction post anthracycline therapy, and are related to cumulative dose, exercise capacity and myocardial wall thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edythe B Tham
- Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children’s Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Stollery Children’s Hospital, 4C2 Walter C Mackenzie Centre, 8440-112 Street, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Mark J Haykowsky
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kelvin Chow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Maria Spavor
- Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children’s Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sachie Kaneko
- Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children’s Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nee S Khoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children’s Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joseph J Pagano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew S Mackie
- Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children’s Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Richard B Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Aguor ENE, Arslan F, van de Kolk CWA, Nederhoff MGJ, Doevendans PA, van Echteld CJA, Pasterkamp G, Strijkers GJ. Quantitative T 2* assessment of acute and chronic myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 25:369-79. [PMID: 22327962 PMCID: PMC3458196 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-012-0304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Imaging of myocardial infarct composition is essential to assess efficacy of emerging therapeutics. T (2) (*) mapping has the potential to image myocardial hemorrhage and fibrosis by virtue of its short T (2) (*) . We aimed to quantify T (2) (*) in acute and chronic myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS I/R-injury was induced in C57BL/6 mice (n = 9). Sham-operated mice (n = 8) served as controls. MRI was performed at baseline, and 1, 7 and 28 days after surgery. MRI at 9.4 T consisted of Cine, T (2) (*) mapping and late-gadolinium-enhancement (LGE). Mice (n = 6) were histologically assessed for hemorrhage and collagen in the fibrotic scar. RESULTS Baseline T (2) (*) values were 17.1 ± 2.0 ms. At day 1, LGE displayed a homogeneous infarct enhancement. T (2) (*) in infarct (12.0 ± 1.1 ms) and remote myocardium (13.9 ± 0.8 ms) was lower than at baseline. On days 7 and 28, LGE was heterogeneous. T (2) (*) in the infarct decreased to 7.9 ± 0.7 and 6.4 ± 0.7 ms, whereas T (2) (*) values in the remote myocardium were 14.2 ± 1.1 and 15.6 ± 1.0 ms. Histology revealed deposition of iron and collagen in parallel with decreased T (2) (*) . CONCLUSION T (2) (*) values are dynamic during infarct development and decrease significantly during scar maturation. In the acute phase, T (2) (*) values in infarcted myocardium differ significantly from those in the chronic phase. T (2) (*) mapping was able to confirm the presence of a chronic infarction in cases where LGE was inconclusive. Hence, T (2) (*) may be used to discriminate between acute and chronic infarctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eissa N. E. Aguor
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fatih Arslan
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cees W. A. van de Kolk
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel G. J. Nederhoff
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J. A. van Echteld
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gustav J. Strijkers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Li W, Griswold M, Yu X. Fast cardiac T1 mapping in mice using a model-based compressed sensing method. Magn Reson Med 2011; 68:1127-34. [PMID: 22161952 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.23323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Direct measurement of the longitudinal relaxation time T1 provides objective and quantitative diagnostic information. However, current T1 mapping methods are generally time consuming without the aid of fast imaging. This study used a model-based compressed sensing method for fast cardiac T1 mapping in small animals. Based on the physics of magnetization recovery, the aliasing artifact associated with under-sampling was removed by exploiting the sparsity of the signals in the T1 recovery direction. Simulation study was performed to evaluate the reconstruction accuracy under various experimental conditions. Several approaches that accounted for phase variations were compared for optimized reconstruction in the phantom study. In vivo validation was performed on a cardiac manganese-enhanced MRI study using mice. Accurate reconstruction of the under-sampled images and the resulting T1 maps were achieved in both simulation and MRI studies on phantom and in vivo mice. These results suggest that the current compressed sensing method allows fast (<80 s) T1 mapping of the mouse heart at high spatial resolution (234×469 μm2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States of America
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Kamenicky P, Blanchard A, Frank M, Salenave S, Letierce A, Azizi M, Lombès M, Chanson P. Body fluid expansion in acromegaly is related to enhanced epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:2127-35. [PMID: 21508131 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soft-tissue swelling and increased extracellular volume, two features of acromegaly, are related to the antinatriuretic effects of excess GH/IGF-I, but the precise pathophysiological mechanism is unclear. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine the effect of the GH excess on renal and extrarenal epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity. DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a prospective randomized open-label blinded-endpoint (PROBE) crossover study (www.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00531908) at a tertiary referral medical center and clinical investigation center. INTERVENTION Sixteen patients (five females, 11 males) with acromegaly were randomly assigned to receive 20 mg amiloride (an ENaC blocker) and 25 mg furosemide (a Na-K-2Cl cotransporter blocker) under a high-sodium diet to suppress endogenous renin and aldosterone. MEASUREMENTS Diuretic-induced changes in the urinary Na/K ratio (reflecting coupling between ENaC-mediated Na reabsorption and distal K secretion) and the intranasal amiloride-sensitive potential (reflecting extrarenal ENaC activity) were measured before and 6 months after (range, 1-12 months) treatment of acromegaly. RESULTS Serum IGF-I concentrations normalized in all the patients after treatment of acromegaly. Baseline plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations remained unchanged after treatment. Active acromegaly, compared with controlled disease, was associated with an enhanced response [median (interquartile range)] to amiloride [urinary Na/K, 13.9 (9.8-19.5) vs. 6.3 (4.3-8.4) mmol/mmol, P = 0.0003], a reduced response to furosemide [urinary Na/K, 5.2 (4.6-7.2) vs. 7.1 (5.4-8.8) mmol/mmol, P =0.0151], and an increased intranasal amiloride-sensitive potential [5.8 (11.9-3.8) vs. 4.2 (6.4-2.1) mV, P = 0.031], respectively. CONCLUSION GH/IGF-I excess in humans is associated with enhanced renal and extrarenal ENaC activity that may contribute to soft-tissue swelling and volume expansion in acromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kamenicky
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Le Kremlin Bicêtre F-94275, France
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Feng L, Otazo R, Jung H, Jensen JH, Ye JC, Sodickson DK, Kim D. Accelerated cardiac T2 mapping using breath-hold multiecho fast spin-echo pulse sequence with k-t FOCUSS. Magn Reson Med 2011; 65:1661-9. [PMID: 21360737 PMCID: PMC3097270 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac T(2) mapping is a promising method for quantitative assessment of myocardial edema and iron overload. We have developed a new multiecho fast spin echo (ME-FSE) pulse sequence for breath-hold T(2) mapping with acceptable spatial resolution. We propose to further accelerate this new ME-FSE pulse sequence using k-t focal underdetermined system solver adapted with a framework that uses both compressed sensing and parallel imaging (e.g., sensitivity encoding) to achieve higher spatial resolution. We imaged 12 control subjects in midventricular short-axis planes and compared the accuracy of T(2) measurements obtained using ME-FSE with generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions and ME-FSE with k-t focal underdetermined system solver. For image reconstruction, we used a bootstrapping two-step approach, where in the first step fast Fourier transform was used as the sparsifying transform and in the final step principal component analysis was used as the sparsifying transform. When compared with T(2) measurements obtained using generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions, T(2) measurements obtained using k-t focal underdetermined system solver were in excellent agreement (mean difference = 0.04 msec; upper/lower 95% limits of agreement were 2.26/-2.19 msec, respectively). The proposed accelerated ME-FSE pulse sequence with k-t focal underdetermined system solver is a promising investigational method for rapid T(2) measurement of the heart with relatively high spatial resolution (1.7 × 1.7 mm(2) ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016
| | - Ricardo Otazo
- Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016
| | - Hong Jung
- Bio-Imaging & Signal Processing Laboratory, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), 373-1 Guseong-dong Yuseong-go, Daejon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jens H. Jensen
- Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016
| | - Jong C. Ye
- Bio-Imaging & Signal Processing Laboratory, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), 373-1 Guseong-dong Yuseong-go, Daejon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel K. Sodickson
- Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016
| | - Daniel Kim
- Department of Radiology, Center for Biomedical Imaging, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016
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Andreassen M, Faber J, Kjær A, Petersen CL, Kristensen LØ. Cardiac effects of 3 months treatment of acromegaly evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging and B-type natriuretic peptides. Pituitary 2010; 13:329-36. [PMID: 20697818 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-010-0240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-term treatment of acromegaly prevents aggravation and reverses associated heart disease. A previous study has shown a temporary increase in serum levels of the N-terminal fraction of pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) suggesting an initial decline in cardiac function when treatment of acromegaly is initiated. This was a three months prospective study investigating short-term cardiac effects of treatment in acromegalic patients. Cardiac function was evaluated by the gold standard method cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) and circulating levels of B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP and NT-proBNP). CMRI was performed at baseline and after 3 months of treatment. Levels of IGF-I, BNP and NT-proBNP were measured after 0, 1, 2 and 3 months. Eight patients (5 males and 3 females, mean age 53 ± 12 years (range 30-70)) and 8 matched healthy control subjects were included. Median IGF-I Z-score decreased from 4.5 (range 2.5-6.4) to 2.3 (-0.1 to 3.3). At baseline the patients had increased left ventricle mass index (LVMI) compared to control subjects (ΔLVMI 35 g/m(2) (95% CI 8-63 g/m(2), P = 0.016). After 3 months of treatment there was an increase in end-diastolic volume index EDVI (ΔEDVI 9 mL/m(2) (95% CI 3-14), P = 0.007) and an increase in levels of BNP (median (ranges) 7 (0.58-286) vs. 20 (1-489) pg/mL, P = 0.033) and of NT-proBNP (63 (20-1004) vs. 80 (20-3391) pg/mL, P = 0.027). Assessed by the highly sensitive and precise CMRI method, 3 months treatment of acromegaly resulted in an increase in EDVI, and increased levels of BNP and NT-proBNP suggesting an initial decrease in cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Andreassen
- Endocrine Research Laboratory 54o4, Department of Endocrinology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
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Mustafi D, Fan X, Dougherty U, Bissonnette M, Karczmar GS, Oto A, Hart J, Markiewicz E, Zamora M. High-resolution magnetic resonance colonography and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in a murine model of colitis. Magn Reson Med 2010; 63:922-9. [PMID: 20373393 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis, is characterized by persistent or recurrent inflammation and can progress to colon cancer. Colitis is difficult to detect and monitor noninvasively. The goal of this work was to develop a preclinical imaging method for evaluating colitis. Herein, we report improved MRI methods for detecting and characterizing colitis noninvasively in mice, using high-resolution in vivo MR images and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI studies, which were confirmed by histologic studies in a murine model of colitis. C57Bl6/J male mice were treated with 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium in their drinking water for 5 days to induce colitis. MR images were acquired using a 9.4-T Bruker scanner from 5-25 days following dextran sulfate sodium treatment. In dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI studies, Gd uptake (K(trans)) and its distribution (v(e)) were measured in muscle and normal and inflamed colons after administering Gd-diethyltriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). T(2)-weighted MR images distinguished normal colon from diffusely thickened colonic wall occurring in colitis (P <0.0005) and correlated with histologic features. Values of K(trans) and v(e) obtained from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI were also significantly different in inflamed colons compared to normal colon (P < 0.0005). The results demonstrate that both T(2)-weighted anatomic imaging and quantitative analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI data can successfully distinguish colitis from normal colon in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devkumar Mustafi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Abstract
CONTEXT Some endocrine and metabolic disorders are associated with a high frequency of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and treatment of the underlying endocrine disorder can improve and occasionally cure OSA. On the other hand, epidemiological and interventional studies suggest that OSA increases the cardiovascular risk, and a link between OSA and glucose metabolism has been suggested, via reduced sleep duration and/or quality. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We reviewed the medical literature for key articles through June 2009. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Some endocrine and metabolic conditions (obesity, acromegaly, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary disease, etc.) can be associated with OSA. The pathophysiological mechanisms of OSA in these cases are reviewed. In rare instances, OSA may be improved or even cured by treatment of underlying endocrine disorders: this is the case of hypothyroidism and acromegaly, situations in which OSA is mainly related to upper airways narrowing due to reversible thickening of the pharyngeal walls. However, when irreversible skeletal defects and/or obesity are present, OSA may persist despite treatment of endocrine disorders and may thus require complementary therapy. This is also frequently the case in patients with obesity, even after substantial weight reduction. CONCLUSIONS Given the potential neurocognitive consequences and increased cardiovascular risk associated with OSA, specific therapy such as continuous positive airway pressure is recommended if OSA persists despite effective treatment of its potential endocrine and metabolic causes. "Apropos of sleep, that sinister adventure of all our nights, we might say that men go to bed daily with an audacity that would be incomprehensible if we did not know that it is the result of ignorance of the danger." Charles Baudelaire, in "Fusées, IX"
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Attal
- Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital de Bicêtre, F-94275 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Kim D, Jensen JH, Wu EX, Sheth SS, Brittenham GM. Breathhold multiecho fast spin-echo pulse sequence for accurate R2 measurement in the heart and liver. Magn Reson Med 2009; 62:300-6. [PMID: 19526516 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of proton transverse relaxation rates (R(2)) is a generally useful means for quantitative characterization of pathological changes in tissue with a variety of clinical applications. The most widely used R(2) measurement method is the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence but its relatively long scan time requires respiratory gating for chest or body MRI, rendering this approach impractical for comprehensive assessment within a clinically-acceptable examination time. The purpose of our study was to develop a breathhold multiecho fast spin-echo (FSE) sequence for accurate measurement of R(2) in the liver and heart. Phantom experiments and studies of subjects in vivo were performed to compare the FSE data with the corresponding even-echo CPMG data. For pooled data, the R(2) measurements were strongly correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.99) and in excellent agreement (mean difference [CPMG - FSE] = 0.10 s(-1); 95% limits of agreement were 1.98 and -1.78 s(-1)) between the two pulse sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kim
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Abstract
Excessive production of the growth hormone (GH) is responsible for acromegaly. It is related to a pituitary GH-secreting adenoma in most cases. Prevalence is estimated 40-130 per million inhabitants. It is characterised by slowly progressive acquired somatic disfigurement (mainly involving the face and extremities) and systemic manifestations. The rheumatologic, cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic consequences determine its prognosis. The diagnosis is confirmed by an increased serum GH concentration, unsuppressible by an oral glucose load and by detection of increased levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Treatment is aimed at correcting (or preventing) tumour compression by excising the disease-causing lesion, and at reducing GH and IGF-I levels to normal values. When surgery, the usual first-line treatment, fails to correct GH/IGF-I hypersecretion, medical treatment with somatostatin analogues and/or radiotherapy can be used. The GH-receptor antagonist (pegvisomant) is helpful in patients who are resistant to somatostatin analogues. Thanks to this multistep therapeutic strategy, adequate hormonal disease control is achieved in most cases, allowing a normal life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Chanson
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Université Paris-Sud 11, INSERM U693, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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