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Kumar P, Mangla B, Akthar Imam S, Aggarwal G. Oral in vivo biodistribution of fluorescent labelled nano lipid carrier system of erlotinib using real time optical imaging technique. Int J Pharm 2024; 664:124588. [PMID: 39153644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the biodistribution of a nano lipid carrier system (NLCs) containing the hydrophobic drug erlotinib (ERL-NLCs). The system was labelled with the fluorescent dye IR-780 for real-time dynamic imaging. ERL-NLCs were initially developed using the ultrasonication method with oleic acid and stearic acid. In vitro and ex vivo studies were performed to confirm the formation and penetration of NLCs within the intestine. Subsequently, the biological distribution of ERL-NLCs was monitored using a fluorescent dye through the IVIS® fluorescent optical imaging technique in whole live animals. Mice were orally administered blank IR 780 dye solution, ERL suspension, and IR 780 labelled NLCs. Fluorescence images were acquired at different time intervals up to 24 h and then total radiant efficiency was calculated through the region of interest (ROI) of the whole animal at each interval of time for all three groups. To validate the results obtained from in vivo imaging, various organs including lungs, heart, liver, both kidneys, stomach, and intestine were subsequently extracted and examined after 24 h. The ROI was found to be higher in the blank IR 780 dye solution, followed by the drug suspension and IR 780 labelled NLCs. These results confirm that the plain ERL suspension distributes across the body, and its encapsulation in NLCs facilitates passage through the lymphatic intestinal pathway, effectively avoiding first-pass metabolism. The remarkable results indicated that the NLCs formulation effectively circumvents first-pass metabolism by adopting the intestinal lymphatic pathway, thereby enhancing the oral bioavailability of the drug. This observed behaviour underscores the potential of NLCs in optimizing drug delivery and minimizing adverse effects associated with gastrointestinal and metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India; Centre for Advanced Formulation and Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Bharti Mangla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India; Centre for Advanced Formulation and Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India.
| | - Sayed Akthar Imam
- Centre for Advanced Formulation and Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India; Centre for Advanced Formulation and Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India.
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M Salah N, Elbedaiwy HM, Helmy MW, El-Salamouni NS. Topical amlodipine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for enhanced burn wound healing: A repurposed approach. Int J Pharm 2024; 662:124484. [PMID: 39033942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Burn wounds are a complicated process with ongoing psychological and physical issues for the affected individuals. Wound healing consists of multifactorial molecular mechanisms and interactions involving; inflammation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and matrix remodeling. Amlodipine (ADB), widely used in cardiovascular disorders, demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in some non-cardiovascular studies. It was reported that amlodipine is capable of promoting the healing process by regulation of collagen production, extracellular matrix, re-epithelialization and wound healing through its vasodilation and angiogenic activity. The objective of the current study is to appraise the wound healing capacity of amlodipine-loaded SLN (ADB-SLN) integrated into a hydrogel. The in-vitro characterization revealed that the optimized formulation was nanometric (190.4 ± 1.6 nm) with sufficiently high entrapment efficiency (88 % ± 1.4) and sustained ADB release (85.45 ± 4.45 % after 12 h). Furthermore, in-vivo evaluation was conducted on second-degree burns induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats. ADB-SLN gel revealed a high wound contraction rate and a significant improvement in skin regeneration and inflammatory biomarkers levels, confirming its efficiency in enhancing wound healing compared to other tested and commercial formulations. To conclude, the present findings proved that ADB-SLN integrated hydrogel offers a promising novel therapy for burn wound healing with a maximum therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada M Salah
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba M Elbedaiwy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Maged W Helmy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha S El-Salamouni
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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3
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Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Peng R, Zhang Z, Xu Z, Simal-Gandara J, Yang H, Deng J. Bioactive sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables: advances in biosynthesis, metabolism, bioavailability, delivery, health benefits, and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38841734 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2354937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation-induced diseases (CID) are the dominant cause of death worldwide, contributing to over half of all global deaths. Sulforaphane (SFN) derived from cruciferous vegetables has been extensively studied for its multiple functional benefits in alleviating CID. This work comprehensively reviewed the biosynthesis, metabolism, bioavailability, delivery, health benefits, and applications of SFN and its potential mechanisms against CID (e.g., cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes, et al.), and neurological disorders based on a decade of research. SFN exerts its biological functions through the hydrolysis of glucosinolates by gut microbiota, and exhibits rapid metabolism and excretion characteristics via metabolization of mercapturic acid pathway. Microencapsulation is an important way to improve the stability and targeted delivery of SFN. The health benefits of SNF against CID are attributed to the multiple regulatory mechanisms including modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, immune response, and intestinal homeostasis. The clinical applications of SFN and related formulations show promising potential; however, further exploration is required regarding the sources, dosages, toxicity profiles, and stability of SFN. Together, SFN is a natural product with great potential for development and application, which is crucial for the development of functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Renjie Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Haixia Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mangla B, Mittal P, Kumar P, Javed S, Ahsan W, Aggarwal G. Development of erlotinib-loaded nanotransferosomal gel for the topical treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:855-874. [PMID: 38440976 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study was aimed to formulate erlotinib (ERL)-loaded transferosomal gel (ERL@TG) intended for topical application for the treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ. Materials & methods: The optimized process involved a thin-film hydration method to generate ERL-loaded transferosomes (ERL@TFS), which was incorporated into a carbopol gel matrix to generate ERL@TG. The optimized formulation was characterized in vitro followed by cytotoxicity evaluation on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and acute toxicity and skin irritation studies was performed in vivo. Results: In a comparative assessment against plain ERL, ERL@TG displayed enhanced efficacy against MCF-7 cell lines, reflected in considerably lower IC50 values with an enhanced safety profile. Conclusion: Optimized ERL@TG was identified as a promising avenue for addressing ductal carcinoma in situ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Mangla
- Centre for Advanced Formulation & Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Priya Mittal
- Centre for Advanced Formulation & Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Centre for Advanced Formulation & Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Shamama Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, PO box no. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, PO box no. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Centre for Advanced Formulation & Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
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Sharma S, Gupta P, Kawish SM, Ahmad S, Iqbal Z, Vohora D, Kohli K. Novel Chitosan-Coated Liposomes Coloaded with Exemestane and Genistein for an Effective Breast Cancer Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9735-9752. [PMID: 38434864 PMCID: PMC10905587 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
For achieving high effectiveness in the management of breast cancer, coadministration of drugs has attracted a lot of interest as a mode of therapy when compared to a single chemotherapeutic agent that often results in reduced therapeutic end results. Owing to their proven effectiveness, good patient compliance, and lower costs, oral anticancer drugs have received much attention. In the present work, we formulated the chitosan-coated nanoliposomes loaded with two lipophilic agents, namely, exemestane (EXE) and genistein (GEN). The formulation was prepared using the ethanol injection method, which is considered a simple method for getting the nanoliposomes. The formulation was optimized using Box-Behnken design (BBD) and was extensively characterized for particle size, ζ-potential, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The sizes of conventional and coated liposomes were found to be 104.6 ± 3.8 and 120.3 ± 6.4 nm with a low polydispersity index of 0.399 and 0.381, respectively. The ζ-potential of the liposomes was observed to be -16.56 mV, which changed to a positive value of +22.4 mV, clearly indicating the complete coating of the nanoliposomes by the chitosan. The average encapsulation efficiency was found to be between 70 and 80% for all prepared formulations. The compatibility of the drug with excipients and complete dispersion of the drug inside the system were verified by FTIR, XRD, and DSC studies. Furthermore, the in vitro release studies concluded the sustained release pattern following the Korsmeyer-Peppas model as the best-fitting model with Fickian diffusion. Ex vivo studies showed better permeation of the chitosan-coated liposomes, which was further confirmed by confocal studies. The prepared chitosan-coated liposomes showed superior antioxidant activity (94.56%) and enhanced % cytotoxicity (IC50 7.253 ± 0.34 μM) compared to the uncoated liposomes. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay displayed better cytotoxicity of the chitosan-coated nanoliposomes compared to the plain drug, showing the better penetration and enhanced bioavailability of drugs inside the cells. The formulation was found to be safe for administration, which was confirmed using the toxicity studies performed on an animal model. The above data suggested that poorly soluble lipophilic drugs could be successfully delivered via chitosan-coated liposomes for their effective delivery in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetakshi Sharma
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Priya Gupta
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Lloyd
School of Pharmacy, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - S. M. Kawish
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shahnawaz Ahmad
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Lloyd
Institute of Management & Technology (Pharm.), Plot No. 11, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida 201308, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Papp B, Le Borgne M, Perret F, Marminon C, Józsa L, Pető Á, Kósa D, Nagy L, Kéki S, Ujhelyi Z, Pallér Á, Budai I, Bácskay I, Fehér P. Formulation and Investigation of CK2 Inhibitor-Loaded Alginate Microbeads with Different Excipients. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2701. [PMID: 38140042 PMCID: PMC10748227 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to formulate and characterize CK2 inhibitor-loaded alginate microbeads via the polymerization method. Different excipients were used in the formulation to improve the penetration of an active agent and to stabilize our preparations. Transcutol® HP was added to the drug-sodium alginate mixture and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was added to the hardening solution, alone and in combination. To characterize the formulations, mean particle size, scanning electron microscopy analysis, encapsulation efficiency, swelling behavior, an enzymatic stability test and an in vitro dissolution study were performed. The cell viability assay and permeability test were also carried out on the Caco-2 cell line. The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the formulations were finally evaluated. The combination of Transcutol® HP and PVP in the formulation of sodium alginate microbeads could improve the stability, in vitro permeability, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the CK2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Papp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.P.); (L.J.); (Á.P.); (D.K.); (Z.U.); (Á.P.); (I.B.)
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Marc Le Borgne
- Small Molecules for Biological Targets Team, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, 69373 Lyon, France; (M.L.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Florent Perret
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INSA, CPE, ICBMS, 69622 Lyon, France;
| | - Christelle Marminon
- Small Molecules for Biological Targets Team, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, CNRS 5286, INSERM 1052, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, 69373 Lyon, France; (M.L.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Liza Józsa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.P.); (L.J.); (Á.P.); (D.K.); (Z.U.); (Á.P.); (I.B.)
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágota Pető
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.P.); (L.J.); (Á.P.); (D.K.); (Z.U.); (Á.P.); (I.B.)
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dóra Kósa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.P.); (L.J.); (Á.P.); (D.K.); (Z.U.); (Á.P.); (I.B.)
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lajos Nagy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Sándor Kéki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Zoltán Ujhelyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.P.); (L.J.); (Á.P.); (D.K.); (Z.U.); (Á.P.); (I.B.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ádám Pallér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.P.); (L.J.); (Á.P.); (D.K.); (Z.U.); (Á.P.); (I.B.)
| | - István Budai
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Debrecen, Ótemető Utca 2–4, H-4028 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.P.); (L.J.); (Á.P.); (D.K.); (Z.U.); (Á.P.); (I.B.)
- Institute of Healthcare Industry, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.P.); (L.J.); (Á.P.); (D.K.); (Z.U.); (Á.P.); (I.B.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Körút 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Kumar P, Mangla B, Javed S, Ahsan W, Aggarwal G. Amelioration of the therapeutic potential of gefitinib against breast cancer using nanostructured lipid carriers. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1139-1160. [PMID: 37665053 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to improve the delivery and therapeutic potential of gefitinib (GTB) against breast cancer by preparing GTB-loaded, nanostructured lipid carriers (GTB-NLCs). Materials & methods: Box-Behnken design was used for optimization and GTB was loaded into NLCs using ultrasonication. The GTB-NLCs were characterized using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies. The anticancer efficacy of GTB-NLCs was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cytotoxicity and flow cytometry on MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Results: Optimized GTB-NLCs were successfully characterized and demonstrated improved internalization and enhanced cytotoxicity compared with plain GTB. Gut permeation studies showed enhanced intestinal permeability, and pharmacokinetic analysis revealed 2.6-fold improvement in GTB oral bioavailability. Conclusion: GTB-NLCs effectively enhanced the therapeutic potential of GTB against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Centre for Advanced Formulation and Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Bharti Mangla
- Centre for Advanced Formulation and Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Shamama Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P. Box No. 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Centre for Advanced Formulation and Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
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Noor A, Jamil S, Sadeq TW, Mohammed Ameen MS, Kohli K. Development and Evaluation of Nanoformulations Containing Timur Oil and Rosemary Oil for Treatment of Topical Fungal Infections. Gels 2023; 9:516. [PMID: 37504395 PMCID: PMC10378787 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The pervasiveness of fungal infections is an issue for skin health globally, and there are a reported 40 million cases in developed and developing countries. Novel drug delivery systems provide better therapeutic efficacy over conventional drug therapy due to their lower side effects and toxicity. Furthermore, combinations of essential oils can represent alternative therapies for fungal infections that are resistant to synthetic drugs. This study is aimed at developing Timur oil into a nanoemulgel and evaluating its antifungal effects. The development of the formulation involved the preparation of a nanoemulsion by the titration method, followed by its evaluation for various physicochemical properties. The antifungal activity of the nanoemulgel against Candida albicans was evaluated. The zone of inhibition was determined using the disk diffusion method. The results show that the developed nanoemulgel has a particle size of 139 ± 6.11 nm, a PDI of 0.309, and a zeta potential of -19.12 ± 2.73 mV. An in vitro drug release study showed a sustained release of 70 ± 0.289% of the drug over a period of 24 h. The % drug permeation across the skin was found to be 79.11 ± 0.319% over 24 h. However, the amount of drug retained in the skin was 56.45 µg/g. The flux for the nanoemulgel was found to be 94.947 µg/cm2/h, indicating a better permeability profile. The nanoemulgel formulation showed a zone of inhibition of 15 ± 2.45 mm, whereas the 1% ketoconazole cream (marketed preparation) exhibited a zone of inhibition of 13 ± 2.13 mm. The results of this study suggest that developed nanoemulgel containing Timur oil and rosemary oil has the potential to be used for treating topical fungal infections caused by Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afeefa Noor
- Lloyd Institute of Management and Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shahid Jamil
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Knowledge University, Kirkuk Road, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Tariq Waece Sadeq
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Knowledge University, Kirkuk Road, Erbil 44001, Iraq
- Pharmacy Department, Erbil Medical Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Ebril 44001, Iraq
| | | | - Kanchan Kohli
- Lloyd Institute of Management and Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
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Kumar P, Mangla B, Javed S, Ahsan W, Musyuni P, Sivadasan D, Alqahtani SS, Aggarwal G. A review of nanomaterials from synthetic and natural molecules for prospective breast cancer nanotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1149554. [PMID: 37274111 PMCID: PMC10237355 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1149554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer being one of the most frequent cancers in women accounts for almost a quarter of all cancer cases. Early and late-stage breast cancer outcomes have improved dramatically, with considerable gains in overall survival rate and disease-free state. However, the current therapy of breast cancer suffers from drug resistance leading to relapse and recurrence of the disease. Also, the currently used synthetic and natural agents have bioavailability issues which limit their use. Recently, nanocarriers-assisted delivery of synthetic and natural anticancer drugs has been introduced to the breast cancer therapy which alienates the limitations associated with the current therapy to a great extent. Significant progress has lately been made in the realm of nanotechnology, which proved to be vital in the fight against drug resistance. Nanotechnology has been successfully applied in the effective and improved therapy of different forms of breast cancer including invasive, non-invasive as well as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), etc. This review presents a comprehensive overview of various nanoformulations prepared for the improved delivery of synthetic and natural anticancer drugs alone or in combination showing better efficacy and pharmacokinetics. In addition to this, various ongoing and completed clinical studies and patents granted on nanotechnology-based breast cancer drug delivery are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Centre For Advanced Formulation and Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Bharti Mangla
- Centre For Advanced Formulation and Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shamama Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pankaj Musyuni
- Centre For Advanced Formulation and Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Durgaramani Sivadasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad S. Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Geeta Aggarwal
- Centre For Advanced Formulation and Technology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
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Gasmi A, Gasmi Benahmed A, Shanaida M, Chirumbolo S, Menzel A, Anzar W, Arshad M, Cruz-Martins N, Lysiuk R, Beley N, Oliinyk P, Shanaida V, Denys A, Peana M, Bjørklund G. Anticancer activity of broccoli, its organosulfur and polyphenolic compounds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:8054-8072. [PMID: 37129118 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2195493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of natural bioactive constituents from various food sources for anticancer purposes has become increasingly popular worldwide. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is on the top of the consumed vegetables by the masses. Its raw matrix contains a plethora of phytochemicals, such as glucosinolates and phenolic compounds, along with rich amounts of vitamins, and minerals. Consumption of broccoli-derived phytochemicals provides strong antioxidant effects, particularly due to its sulforaphane content, while modulating numerous molecules involved in cell cycle regulation, control of apoptosis, and tuning enzyme activity. Thus, the inclusion of broccoli in the daily diet lowers the susceptibility to developing cancers. Numerous studies have underlined the undisputable role of broccoli in the diet as a chemopreventive raw food, owing to the content in sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate produced as a result of hydrolysis of precursor glucosinolates called glucoraphanin. This review will provide evidence supporting the specific role of fresh florets and sprouts of broccoli and its key bioactive constituents in the prevention and treatment of different cancers; a number of studies carried out in the in vitro and in vivo conditions as well as clinical trials were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
- International Congress of Nutritional Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco
- Société Marocaine de Micronutrition et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Mariia Shanaida
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- CONEM Scientific Secretary, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Wajiha Anzar
- Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Arshad
- National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, Gandra PRD, Portugal
- TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Beley
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Petro Oliinyk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Shanaida
- Design of Machine Tools, Instruments and Machines Department, Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | | | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
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11
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Kumar G, Virmani T, Sharma A, Pathak K. Codelivery of Phytochemicals with Conventional Anticancer Drugs in Form of Nanocarriers. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:889. [PMID: 36986748 PMCID: PMC10055866 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticancer drugs in monotherapy are ineffective to treat various kinds of cancer due to the heterogeneous nature of cancer. Moreover, available anticancer drugs possessed various hurdles, such as drug resistance, insensitivity of cancer cells to drugs, adverse effects and patient inconveniences. Hence, plant-based phytochemicals could be a better substitute for conventional chemotherapy for treatment of cancer due to various properties: lesser adverse effects, action via multiple pathways, economical, etc. Various preclinical studies have demonstrated that a combination of phytochemicals with conventional anticancer drugs is more efficacious than phytochemicals individually to treat cancer because plant-derived compounds have lower anticancer efficacy than conventional anticancer drugs. Moreover, phytochemicals suffer from poor aqueous solubility and reduced bioavailability, which must be resolved for efficacious treatment of cancer. Therefore, nanotechnology-based novel carriers are employed for codelivery of phytochemicals and conventional anticancer drugs for better treatment of cancer. These novel carriers include nanoemulsion, nanosuspension, nanostructured lipid carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes that provide various benefits of improved solubility, reduced adverse effects, higher efficacy, reduced dose, improved dosing frequency, reduced drug resistance, improved bioavailability and higher patient compliance. This review summarizes various phytochemicals employed in treatment of cancer, combination therapy of phytochemicals with anticancer drugs and various nanotechnology-based carriers to deliver the combination therapy in treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Aurangabad 121105, India
| | - Tarun Virmani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Aurangabad 121105, India
| | - Ashwani Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Aurangabad 121105, India
| | - Kamla Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai 206001, India
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12
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Tyagi N, Gupta P, Khan Z, Neupane YR, Mangla B, Mehra N, Ralli T, Alhalmi A, Ali A, Al Kamaly O, Saleh A, Nasr FA, Kohli K. Superparamagnetic Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized via Green Chemistry for the Potential Treatment of Breast Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052343. [PMID: 36903587 PMCID: PMC10005561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the emerging field of nanomedicine, nanoparticles have been widely considered as drug carriers and are now used in various clinically approved products. Therefore, in this study, we synthesized superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) via green chemistry, and the SPIONs were further coated with tamoxifen-conjugated bovine serum albumin (BSA-SPIONs-TMX). The BSA-SPIONs-TMX were within the nanometric hydrodynamic size (117 ± 4 nm), with a small poly dispersity index (0.28 ± 0.02) and zeta potential of -30.2 ± 0.09 mV. FTIR, DSC, X-RD, and elemental analysis confirmed that BSA-SPIONs-TMX were successfully prepared. The saturation magnetization (Ms) of BSA-SPIONs-TMX was found to be ~8.31 emu/g, indicating that BSA-SPIONs-TMX possess superparamagnetic properties for theragnostic applications. In addition, BSA-SPIONs-TMX were efficiently internalized into breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and T47D) and were effective in reducing cell proliferation of breast cancer cells, with IC50 values of 4.97 ± 0.42 μM and 6.29 ± 0.21 μM in MCF-7 and T47D cells, respectively. Furthermore, an acute toxicity study on rats confirmed that these BSA-SPIONs-TMX are safe for use in drug delivery systems. In conclusion, green synthesized superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles have the potential to be used as drug delivery carriers and may also have diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tyagi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Priya Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Zafar Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Yub Raj Neupane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Bharti Mangla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Nikita Mehra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Innovation and Science, Amway Global Services India, Gurugram 122001, India
| | - Tanya Ralli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Abdulsalam Alhalmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Asgar Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Omkulthom Al Kamaly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd A. Nasr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Lloyd Institute of Management and Technology (Pharm.), Greater Noida 201306, India
- Correspondence:
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Coutinho LDL, Junior TCT, Rangel MC. Sulforaphane: An emergent anti-cancer stem cell agent. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1089115. [PMID: 36776295 PMCID: PMC9909961 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1089115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health concern worldwide responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates. Alternative therapies have been extensively investigated, and plant-derived compounds have caught the attention of the scientific community due to their chemopreventive and anticancer effects. Sulforaphane (SFN) is one of these naturally occurring agents, and studies have shown that it is able to target a specific cancer cell population displaying stem-like properties, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells can self-renewal and differentiate to form highly heterogeneous tumor masses. Notably, most of the conventional chemotherapeutic agents cannot target CSCs once they usually exist in a quiescent state and overall, the available cytotoxic drugs focus on highly dividing cells. This is, at least in part, one of the reasons why some oncologic patients relapse after standard therapy. In this review we bring together studies supporting not only the chemopreventive and anticancer properties of SFN, but especially the emerging anti-CSCs effects of this natural product and its potential to be used with conventional antineoplastic drugs in the clinical setting.
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Mohit, Kumar P, Solanki P, Mangla B, Aggarwal G. Formulation Development, Optimization by Box-Behnken Design, and In Vitro Characterization of Gefitinib Phospholipid Complex Based Nanoemulsion Drug Delivery System. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Alhalmi A, Amin S, Khan Z, Beg S, Al kamaly O, Saleh A, Kohli K. Nanostructured Lipid Carrier-Based Codelivery of Raloxifene and Naringin: Formulation, Optimization, In Vitro, Ex Vivo, In Vivo Assessment, and Acute Toxicity Studies. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1771. [PMID: 36145519 PMCID: PMC9500671 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to develop dual drug-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers of raloxifene and naringin (RLX/NRG NLCs) for breast cancer. RLX/NRG NLCs were prepared using Compritol 888 ATO and oleic acid using a hot homogenization-sonication method and optimized using central composite design (CCD). The optimized RLX/NRG NLCs were characterized and evaluated using multiple technological means. The optimized RLX/NRG NLCs exhibited a particle size of 137.12 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.266, zeta potential (ZP) of 25.9 mV, and entrapment efficiency (EE) of 91.05% (raloxifene) and 85.07% (naringin), respectively. In vitro release (81 ± 2.2% from RLX/NRG NLCs and 31 ± 1.9% from the RLX/NRG suspension for RLX and 93 ± 1.5% from RLX/NRG NLCs and 38 ± 2.01% from the RLX/NRG suspension for NRG within 24 h). Concurrently, an ex vivo permeation study exhibited nearly 2.3 and 2.1-fold improvement in the permeability profiles of RLX and NRG from RLX/NRG NLCs vis-à-vis the RLX/NRG suspension. The depth of permeation was proved with CLSM images which revealed significant permeation of the drug from the RLX/NRG NLCs formulation, 3.5-fold across the intestine, as compared with the RLX/NRG suspension. An in vitro DPPH antioxidant study displayed a better antioxidant potential of RLX/NRG in comparison to RLX and NRG alone due to the synergistic antioxidant effect of RLX and NRG. An acute toxicity study in Wistar rats showed the safety profile of the prepared nanoformulations and their excipients. Our findings shed new light on how poorly soluble and poorly permeable medicines can be codelivered using NLCs in an oral nanoformulation to improve their medicinal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsalam Alhalmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Saima Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Zafar Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Flyde Road, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Omkulthom Al kamaly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- Lloyd Institute of Management and Technology (Pharm.), Plot No 11, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida 201308, India
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16
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Chaturvedi S, Garg A. A comprehensive review on novel delivery approaches for exemestane. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Van NH, Vy NT, Van Toi V, Dao AH, Lee BJ. Nanostructured lipid carriers and their potential applications for versatile drug delivery via oral administration. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Alhalmi A, Amin S, Beg S, Al-Salahi R, Mir SR, Kohli K. Formulation and optimization of naringin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers using Box-Behnken based design: In vitro and ex vivo evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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19
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Galangin/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex as a Drug-Delivery System for Improved Solubility and Biocompatibility in Breast Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144521. [PMID: 35889394 PMCID: PMC9318178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of a newly modified cyclodextrin derivative, water-soluble β-cyclodextrin–epichlorohydrin (β-CD), as an effective drug carrier to enhance the poor solubility and bioavailability of galangin (GAL), a poorly water-soluble model drug. In this regard, inclusion complexes of GAL/β-CDP were prepared. UV-VIS spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray crystallography (XRD), zeta potential analysis, particle size analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied to characterize the synthesized GAL/β-CD. Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7; human breast cancer cells) and rat embryo fibroblast (REF; normal cells) were employed to examine the in vitro cytotoxic effects of GAL/β-CD using various parameters. The dye-based tests of MTT and crystal violet clearly exhibited that GAL/β-CD-treated cells had a reduced proliferation rate, an influence that was not found in the normal cell line. The cells’ death was found to follow apoptotic mechanisms, as revealed by the dye-based test of acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr), with the involvement of the mitochondria via caspase-3-mediated events, as manifested by the Rh 123 test. We also included a mouse model to examine possible in vivo toxic effects of GAL/β-CD. It appears that the inclusion complex does not have a significant influence on normal cells, as indicated by serum levels of kidney and liver enzymatic markers, as well as thymic and splenic mass indices. A similar conclusion was reached on the histological level, as manifested by the absence of pathological alterations in the liver, kidney, thymus, spleen, heart, and lung.
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20
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Mohapatra P, Singh P, Singh D, Sahoo S, Sahoo SK. Phytochemical based nanomedicine: a panacea for cancer treatment, present status and future prospective. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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Nanomedicine-Based Delivery Strategies for Breast Cancer Treatment and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052856. [PMID: 35269998 PMCID: PMC8911433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women globally. It is caused by mutations in the estrogen/progesterone receptors and conventional treatment methods are commonly utilized. About 70–80 percent of individuals with the early-stage non-metastatic disease may be cured. Conventional treatment is far less than the optimal ratio, as demonstrated through the high mortality rate of women with this cancer. However, conventional treatment methods like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are not as effective as expected and lead to concerns about low bioavailability, low cellular uptake, emerging resistance, and adverse toxicities. A nanomedicine-based approach is a promising alternative for breast cancer treatment. The present era is witnessing rapid advancements in nanomedicine as a platform for investigating novel therapeutic applications and modern intelligent healthcare management strategies. This paper focuses on nanomedicine-based therapeutic interventions that are becoming more widely accepted for improving treatment effectiveness and reducing undesired side effects in breast cancer patients. By evaluating the state-of-the-art tools and taking the challenges involved into consideration, various aspects of the proposed nano-enabled therapeutic approaches have been discussed in this review.
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22
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Banthia P, Gambhir L, Sharma A, Daga D, Kapoor N, Chaudhary R, Sharma G. Nano to rescue: repository of nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery to curb breast cancer. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:70. [PMID: 35223356 PMCID: PMC8841383 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with different intrinsic subtypes. The conventional treatment of surgical resection, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy has not shown significant improvement in the survival rate of breast cancer patients. The therapeutics used cause bystander toxicities deteriorating healthy tissues. The breakthroughs of nanotechnology have been a promising feat in selective targeting of tumor site thus increasing the therapeutic gain. By the application of nanoenabled carriers, nanomedicines ensure targeted delivery, stability, enhanced cellular uptake, biocompatibility and higher apoptotic efficacy. The present review focuses on breakthrough of nanoscale intervention in targeted drug delivery as novel class of therapeutics. Nanoenabled carriers like polymeric and metallic nanoparticles, dendrimers, quantum dots, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, drug-antibody conjugates and exosomes revolutionized the targeted therapeutic delivery approach. These nanoassemblies have shown additional effect of improving the solubility of drugs such as paclitaxel, reducing the dose and toxicity. The present review provides an insight on the different drug conjugates employed/investigated to curb breast cancer using nanocarrier mediated targeted drug delivery. However, identification of appropriate biomarkers to target, clearer insight of the biological processes, batch uniformity, reproducibility, nanomaterial toxicity and stabilities are the hurdles faced by nanodrugs. The potential of nano-therapeutics delivery necessitates the agglomerated efforts of research community to bridge the route of nanodrugs for scale-up, commercialization and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Banthia
- School of Applied Sciences, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
| | - Lokesh Gambhir
- School of Applied Sciences, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
| | - Asha Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Swargiya P. N. K. S. Govt. PG College, Dausa, Rajasthan India
| | - Dhiraj Daga
- Department of Radiation Oncology, JLN Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan India
| | - Neha Kapoor
- School of Applied Sciences, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
| | - Rishabh Chaudhary
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institute of Medical Research, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY USA
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- School of Applied Sciences, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan India
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Melim C, Magalhães M, Santos AC, Campos EJ, Cabral C. Nanoparticles as phytochemical carriers for cancer treatment: News of the last decade. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:179-197. [PMID: 35166619 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2041599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development and application of novel therapeutic medicines for the treatment of cancer are of vital importance to improve the disease's outcome and survival rate. One noteworthy treatment approach is the use of biologically active compounds present in natural products. Even though these phytocompounds present anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, their use is limited essentially due to poor systemic delivery, low bioavailability, and water solubility concerns. To make full use of the anticancer potential of natural products, these limitations need to be technologically addressed. In this sense, nanotechnology emerges as a promising drug delivery system strategy. AREAS COVERED In this review, the benefits and potential of nanodelivery systems for natural products encapsulation as promising therapeutic approaches for cancer, which were developed during the last decade, are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION The nanotechnology area has been under extensive research in the medical field given its capacity for improving the therapeutic potential of drugs by increasing their bioavailability and allowing a targeted delivery to the tumor site. Thereby, the nanoencapsulation of phytocompounds can have a direct impact on the recognized therapeutic activity of natural products towards cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Melim
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Magalhães
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisa Julião Campos
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia Cabral
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Clinic Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Badhwar R, Mangla B, Neupane YR, Khanna K, Popli H. Quercetin loaded silver nanoparticles in hydrogel matrices for diabetic wound healing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:505102. [PMID: 34500444 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin (QCT) is an effective antioxidant, antifibrotic and wound healing agent. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are an effective antimicrobial, antifungal and wound healing agent and considered as gold standard for wound treatment especially diabetic and burn wounds. The present study aimed to investigate QCT loaded AgNPs in hydrogel matrices (QCT-AgNPs hydrogel) as synergistic treatment paradigms for diabetic wound. Quality by Design approach was employed for the optimization of hydrogel preparation using carbopol-934 andaloevera.The developed QCT-AgNPs hydrogel was characterized for hydrodynamic diameter, %entrapment efficiency (%EE), surface morphology, texture analysis,in-vitrodrug release, skin irritation study,ex-vivopermeation study (confocal study), and antimicrobial efficacy. The optimized formulation showed hydrodynamic diameter of ∼44.1 nm with smooth spherical surface morphology and ∼92.09% of QCT was entrapped in QCT-AgNPs hydrogel matrices. The antimicrobial study revealed superior therapeutic efficacy of QCT-AgNPs hydrogel in comparison to marketed (MRKT) gel onS. aureusandE. coli. Moreover,in-vivoresults demonstrated that QCT-AgNPs hydrogel significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the wound gap and increased % re-epithelialization compared with diabetic control after 18 d of post treatment in excisional diabetic wound model. In conclusion, this study opens up an avenue for the treatment of diabetic wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Badhwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University, Mehrauli Badarpur Road, Sector-3 PushpVihar, New Delhi-110017, India
| | - Bharti Mangla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Yub Raj Neupane
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 117559, Singapore
| | - Kushagra Khanna
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Harvinder Popli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University, Mehrauli Badarpur Road, Sector-3 PushpVihar, New Delhi-110017, India
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Al-jubori AA, Sulaiman GM, Tawfeeq AT, Mohammed HA, Khan RA, Mohammed SAA. Layer-by-Layer Nanoparticles of Tamoxifen and Resveratrol for Dual Drug Delivery System and Potential Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1098. [PMID: 34371789 PMCID: PMC8309206 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle development demonstrates use in various physicochemical, biological, and functional properties for biomedical applications, including anti-cancer applications. In the current study, a cancer therapeutic conjugate was produced consisting of tamoxifen (TAM) and resveratrol (RES) by layer-by-layer (LbL) nanoparticles based on lipid-based drug delivery systems and liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) coated with multiple layers of positively charged chitosan and negatively charged hyaluronic acid for the evaluation of biocompatibility and therapeutic properties against cancer cells. Multiple techniques characterized the synthesis of TAM/RES-LbL-LCNPs, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray crystallography (XRD), Zeta potential analysis, particle size analysis, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The in vitro cytotoxic effects of TAM/RES-LbL-LCNPs were investigated against human breast cancer cell line, Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7), and human triple-negative breast cancer cell line, Centre Antoine Lacassagne-51 (CAL-51), using various parameters. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay confirmed that the treatment of cells with TAM/RES-LbL-LCNPs caused a reduction in cell proliferation, and no such inhibition was observed with human normal liver cell line: American Type Culture Collection Cell Line-48 (WRL-68 [ATCC CL-48]). Fluorescent microscopy examined the ability of Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to bind to TAM/RES-LbL-LCNPs along with their cellular uptake. Apoptosis determination was performed using hematoxylin-eosin and acridine orange-propidium iodide double staining. The expression of P53 and caspase-8 was analyzed by flow cytometry analysis. An in vivo study determined the toxicity of TAM/RES-LbL-LCNPs in mice and assessed the functional marker changes in the liver and kidneys. No significant statistical differences were found for the tested indicators. TAM/RES-LbL-LCNP treatment showed no apparent damages or histopathological abnormalities in the heart, lung, liver, spleen, and kidney histological images. The current findings observed for the first time propose that TAM/RES-LbL-LCNPs provide a new and safer method to use phytochemicals in combinatorial therapy and provide a novel treatment approach against breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Al-jubori
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq; (A.A.A.-j.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Ghassan M. Sulaiman
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq; (A.A.A.-j.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Amer T. Tawfeeq
- Molecular Biology Department, Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetics Research, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10052, Iraq;
| | - Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.M.); (R.A.K.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11371, Egypt
| | - Riaz A. Khan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.M.); (R.A.K.)
| | - Salman A. A. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Mangla B, Javed S, Sultan MH, Kumar P, Kohli K, Najmi A, Alhazmi HA, Al Bratty M, Ahsan W. Sulforaphane: A review of its therapeutic potentials, advances in its nanodelivery, recent patents, and clinical trials. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5440-5458. [PMID: 34184327 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, herbal supplements have shown an exceptional potential of desirability for the prevention of diseases and their treatment. Sulforaphane (SFN), an organosulfur compound belongs to the isothiocyanate (ITC) group and is mainly found naturally in cruciferous vegetables. Several studies have now revealed that SFN possesses broad spectrum of activities and has shown extraordinary potential as antioxidant, antitumor, anti-angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory agent. In addition, SFN is proven to be less toxic, non-oxidizable, and its administration to individuals is well tolerated, making it an effective natural dietary supplement for clinical trials. SFN has shown its ability to be a promising future drug molecule for the management of various diseases mainly due to its potent antioxidant properties. In recent times, several newer drug delivery systems were designed and developed for this potential molecule in order to enhance its bioavailability, stability, and to reduce its side effects. This review focuses to cover numerous data supporting the wide range of pharmacological activities of SFN, its drug-related issues, and approaches to improve its physicochemical and biological properties, including solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Recent patents and the ongoing clinical trials on SFN are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Mangla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shamama Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Hadi Sultan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Bratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Exploring the therapeutic potential of nanostructured lipid carrier approaches to tackling the inherent lacuna of chemotherapeutics and herbal drugs against breast cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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28
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Pandey S, Rai N, Mahtab A, Mittal D, Ahmad FJ, Sandal N, Neupane YR, Verma AK, Talegaonkar S. Hyaluronate-functionalized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles laden with methotrexate and teriflunomide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:502-513. [PMID: 33422513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune inflammatory disorder is currently incurable. Methotrexate and Teriflunomide are routinely prescribed drugs but their uses are limited due to severe hepatotoxicity. Hyaluronic acid (HYA) is a targeting ligand for CD44 receptors overexpressed on inflamed macrophages. The present investigation aimed at design and fabrication of HYA coated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA-NPs) loaded with Methotrexate (MTX) and Teriflunomide (TEF) (HAMT-NPs) to form HYA-HAMT-NPs for the treatment of RA. HYA-HAMT-NPs showed the nanoscale size of 274.9 ± 64 nm along with a zeta potential value of -26.80 ± 6.08 mV. FTIR spectra of HYA and HYA-HAMT-NPs proved the coating of HYA on HYA-HAMT-NPs. HYA-HAMT-NPs showed less cell viability compared to drugs on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. A biodistribution study by gamma scintigraphy imaging further strengthened the results by revealing significantly higher (p<0.05) percentage radioactivity (76.76%) of HYA-HAMT-NPs in the synovial region. The results obtained by pharmacodynamic studies ensured the better efficacy of HYA-HAMT-NPs in preventing disease progression and promoting articular regeneration. Under hepatotoxicity evaluation, liver histopathology and liver enzyme assay revealed ~29% hepatotoxicity was reduced by HYA-HAMT-NPs when compared to conventional FOLITRAX-10 and AUBAGIO oral treatments. Overall, the results suggest that HYA-HAMT-NP is a promising delivery system to avoid drug-induced hepatotoxicity in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110 062, India
| | - Nishant Rai
- Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Asiya Mahtab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110 062, India
| | - Disha Mittal
- Nano Biotech Lab, Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Farhan Jalees Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110 062, India
| | - Nidhi Sandal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Government of India, Ministry of Defence, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Yub Raj Neupane
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore.
| | - Anita Kamra Verma
- Nano Biotech Lab, Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
| | - Sushama Talegaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University, Pushp Vihar, Sector 3, New Delhi 110017, India..
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