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Ulanova V, Kivrane A, Viksna A, Pahirko L, Freimane L, Sadovska D, Ozere I, Cirule A, Sevostjanovs E, Grinberga S, Bandere D, Ranka R. Effect of NAT2, GSTM1 and CYP2E1 genetic polymorphisms on plasma concentration of isoniazid and its metabolites in patients with tuberculosis, and the assessment of exposure-response relationships. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1332752. [PMID: 38584604 PMCID: PMC10995391 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1332752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Isoniazid is a key drug in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis (TB), however, interindividual variability in pharmacokinetic parameters and drug plasma levels may affect drug responses including drug induced hepatotoxicity. The current study investigated the relationships between isoniazid exposure and isoniazid metabolism-related genetic factors in the context of occurrence of drug induced hepatotoxicity and TB treatment outcomes. Methods: Demographic characteristics and clinical information were collected in a prospective TB cohort study in Latvia (N = 34). Time to sputum culture conversion (tSCC) was used as a treatment response marker. Blood plasma concentrations of isoniazid (INH) and its metabolites acetylisoniazid (AcINH) and isonicotinic acid (INA) were determined at three time points (pre-dose (0 h), 2 h and 6 h after drug intake) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Genetic variations of three key INH-metabolizing enzymes (NAT2, CYP2E1, and GSTM1) were investigated by application PCR- and Next-generation sequencing-based methods. Depending on variables, group comparisons were performed by Student's t-test, one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated for the pairs of normally distributed variables; model with rank transformations were used for non-normally distributed variables. Time-to-event analysis was performed to analyze the tSCC data. The cumulative probability of tSCC was obtained using Kaplan-Meier estimators. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate hazard rate ratios of successful tSCC. Results: High TB treatment success rate (94.1%) was achieved despite the variability in INH exposure. Clinical and demographic factors were not associated with either tSCC, hepatotoxicity, or INH pharmacokinetics parameters. Correlations between plasma concentrations of INH and its metabolites were NAT2 phenotype-dependent, while GSTM1 genetic variants did not showed any effects. CYP2E1*6 (T > A) allelic variant was associated with INH pharmacokinetic parameters. Decreased level of AcINH was associated with hepatotoxicity, while decreased values of INA/INH and AcINH/INH were associated with month two sputum culture positivity. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CYP2E1, but not GSTM1, significantly affects the INH pharmacokinetics along with NAT2. AcINH plasma level could serve as a biomarker for INH-related hepatotoxicity, and the inclusion of INH metabolite screening in TB therapeutic drug monitoring could be beneficial in clinical studies for determination of optimal dosing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Ulanova
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Agnija Kivrane
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Anda Viksna
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Centre of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Riga East University Hospital, Upeslejas, Latvia
| | - Leonora Pahirko
- Faculty of Physics, Mathematics, and Optometry, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Lauma Freimane
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Darja Sadovska
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Iveta Ozere
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Centre of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Riga East University Hospital, Upeslejas, Latvia
| | - Andra Cirule
- Centre of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Riga East University Hospital, Upeslejas, Latvia
| | | | | | - Dace Bandere
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Renate Ranka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
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Hemissi I, Boussetta S, Dallali H, Hellal F, Durand G, Voegele C, Ayed H, Zaghbib S, Naimi Z, Ayadi M, Chebil M, Mckay J, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Ouerhani S. Development of a custom next-generation sequencing panel for the determination of bladder cancer risk in a Tunisian cohort. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:1233-1258. [PMID: 34854013 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGOUND Bladder cancer (BCa) is a heterogeneous disease caused by the interaction between environmental and genetic risk factors. The goal of this case-control study was to evaluate the implication of a selected SNP panel in the risk of BCa development in a Tunisian cohort. We were also interested in studying the interaction between this predictive panel and environmental risk factors. METHODS The case/control cohort was composed with 249 BCa cases and 255 controls. The designed Bladder cancer hereditary panel (BCHP) was composed of 139 selected variants. These variants were genotyped by an amplification-based targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) on the Ion Torrent Proton sequencer (Life Technologies, Ion Torrent technology). RESULTS We have found that rs162555, rs2228000, rs10936599, rs710521, rs3752645, rs804276, rs4639, rs4881400 and rs288980 were significantly associated with decreased risk of bladder cancer. However the homozygous genotypes for VPS37C (rs7104333, A/A), MPG (rs1013358, C/C) genes or the heterozygous genotype for ARNT gene (rs1889740, rs2228099, rs2256355, rs2864873), GSTA4 (rs17614751) and APOBR/IL27 (rs17855750) were significantly associated with increased risk of bladder cancer development compared to reference group (OR 2.53, 2.34, 1.99, 2.00, 2.00, 1.47, 1.96 and 2.27 respectively). We have also found that non-smokers patients harboring heterozygous genotypes for ARNT/rs2864873 (A > G), ARNT/ rs1889740 (C > T) or GSTA4/rs17614751 (G-A) were respectively at 2.775, 3.069 and 6.608-fold increased risk of Bca development compared to non-smokers controls with wild genotypes. Moreover the ARNT CT (rs1889740), ARNT CG (rs2228099), ARNT TC (rs2864873) and GSS GA genotypes were associated with an increased risk of BCa even in absence of professional risk factors. Finally the decision-tree analysis produced a three major BCa classes. These three classes were essentially characterized by an intensity of tobacco use more than 20 pack years (PY) and the CYP1A2 (rs762551) genotype. CONCLUSIONS The determined association between environmental factors, genetic variations and the risk of Bca development may provide additional information to urologists that may help them for clinical assessment and treatment decisions. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms through which these genes or SNPs affect the clinical behavior of BCas require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Hemissi
- Laboratory of Proteins Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), INSAT, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tunis, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sami Boussetta
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Faycel Hellal
- National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tunis, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Geoffroy Durand
- Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer CIRC/International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Voegele
- Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer CIRC/International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC, Lyon, France
| | - Haroun Ayed
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Selim Zaghbib
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Zeineb Naimi
- Medical Oncology Department, Saleh Azaiez Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ayadi
- Medical Oncology Department, Saleh Azaiez Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Chebil
- Urology Department, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - James Mckay
- Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer CIRC/International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC, Lyon, France
| | - Florence Le Calvez-Kelm
- Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer CIRC/International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC, Lyon, France
| | - Slah Ouerhani
- Laboratory of Proteins Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), INSAT, National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Tunis, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Chen Y, Guan S, Guan Y, Tang S, Zhou Y, Wang X, Bi H, Huang M. Novel clinical biomarkers for drug-induced liver injury. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:671-684. [PMID: 34903588 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a critical clinical issue and has been a treatment challenge nowadays as it was in the past. However, the traditional biomarkers or indicators are insufficient to predict the risks and outcome of patients with DILI due to its poor specificity and sensitivity. Recently, the development of high-throughput technologies, especially omics and multi-omics has sparked growing interests in identification of novel clinical DILI biomarkers, many of which also provide a mechanistic insight. Accordingly, in this mini-review, we summarize recent advances in novel clinical biomarkers for DILI prediction, diagnosis and prognosis and highlight the limitations or challenges involved in biomarker discovery or their clinical translation. Although huge work has been done, most reported biomarkers lack comprehensive information and more specific DILI biomarkers are still needed to complement the traditional biomarkers such as ALT or AST in clinical decision making. Significance Statement The current review outlines an overview of novel clinical biomarkers for DILI identified in clinical retrospective or prospective clinical analysis. Many of these biomarkers provides a mechanistic insight and are promising to complement the traditional DILI biomarkers. This work also highlights the limitations or challenges involved in biomarker discovery or their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhao Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Sun Yat-Sen University, China
| | - Shaoxing Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Sun Yat-Sen University, China
| | | | - Siyuan Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Sun Yat-Sen University, China
| | - Yanying Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Xueding Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Sun Yat-Sen University, China
| | - Huichang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, China
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Brewer CT, Kodali K, Wu J, Shaw TI, Peng J, Chen T. Toxicoproteomic Profiling of hPXR Transgenic Mice Treated with Rifampicin and Isoniazid. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071654. [PMID: 32660103 PMCID: PMC7407182 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a global health threat that affects millions of people every year, and treatment-limiting toxicity remains a considerable source of treatment failure. Recent reports have characterized the nature of hPXR-mediated hepatotoxicity and the systemic toxicity of antitubercular drugs. The antitubercular drug isoniazid plays a role in such pathologic states as acute intermittent porphyria, anemia, hepatotoxicity, hypercoagulable states (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or ischemic stroke), pellagra (vitamin B3 deficiency), peripheral neuropathy, and vitamin B6 deficiency. However, the mechanisms by which isoniazid administration leads to these states are unclear. To elucidate the mechanism of rifampicin- and isoniazid-induced liver and systemic injury, we performed tandem mass tag mass spectrometry-based proteomic screening of mPxr-/- and hPXR mice treated with combinations of rifampicin and isoniazid. Proteomic profiling analysis suggested that the hPXR liver proteome is affected by antitubercular therapy to disrupt [Fe-S] cluster assembly machinery, [2Fe-2S] cluster-containing proteins, cytochrome P450 enzymes, heme biosynthesis, homocysteine catabolism, oxidative stress responses, vitamin B3 metabolism, and vitamin B6 metabolism. These novel findings provide insight into the etiology of some of these processes and potential targets for subsequent investigations. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD019505.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Trent Brewer
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (C.T.B.); (J.W.)
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Kiran Kodali
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (K.K.); (T.I.S.)
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (C.T.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Timothy I. Shaw
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (K.K.); (T.I.S.)
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (K.K.); (T.I.S.)
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (T.C.); Tel.:+901-595-7499 (J.P.); +901-595-5937 (T.C.)
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (C.T.B.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (T.C.); Tel.:+901-595-7499 (J.P.); +901-595-5937 (T.C.)
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Yang S, Hwang SJ, Park JY, Chung EK, Lee JI. Association of genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1, NAT2, GST and SLCO1B1 with the risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027940. [PMID: 31375612 PMCID: PMC6688699 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) and the risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATDILI). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Reviews databases were searched through April 2019. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included case-control or cohort studies investigating an association between NAT2, CYP2E1, GST or SLCO1B1 polymorphisms and the ATDILI risk in patients with tuberculosis. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Three authors screened articles, extracted data and assessed study quality. The strength of association was evaluated for each gene using the pooled OR with a 95% CI based on the fixed-effects or random-effects model. Sensitivity analysis was performed to confirm the reliability and robustness of the results. RESULTS Fifty-four studies were included in this analysis (n=26 for CYP2E1, n=35 for NAT2, n=19 for GST, n=4 for SLCO1B1). The risk of ATDILI was significantly increased with the following genotypes: CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI c1/c1 (OR=1.39, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.83), NAT2 slow acetylator (OR=3.30, 95% CI 2.65 to 4.11) and GSTM1 null (OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.52). No significant association with ATDILI was found for the genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1 DraI, GSTT1, GSTM1/GSTT1, SLCO1B1 388A>G and SLCO1B1 521T>C (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS ATDILI is more likely to occur in patients with NAT2 slow acetylator genotype, CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI c1/c1 genotype and GSTM1 null genotype. Close monitoring may be warranted for patients with these genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwon Yang
- Department of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jung Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangik I Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Richardson M, Kirkham J, Dwan K, Sloan DJ, Davies G, Jorgensen AL. NAT2 variants and toxicity related to anti-tuberculosis agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2019; 23:293-305. [PMID: 30871660 PMCID: PMC6421944 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) patients receiving anti-tuberculosis treatment may experience serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs) such as hepatotoxicity. Variants of the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) gene may increase the risk of experiencing such toxicity events. OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive evaluation of the evidence base for associations between NAT2 variants and anti-tuberculosis drug-related toxicity. METHOD This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched for studies in Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, BIOSIS and Web of Science. We included data from 41 articles (39 distinct cohorts of patients). We pooled effect estimates for each genotype on each outcome using meta-analyses stratified by country. RESULTS We assessed the quality of the included studies, which was variable, with many areas of concern. Slow/intermediate NAT2 acetylators were statistically significantly more likely to experience hepatotoxicity than rapid acetylators (OR 1.59, 95%CI 1.26-2.01). Heterogeneity was not detected in the overall pooled analysis (I² = 0%). NAT2 acetylator status was significantly associated with the likelihood of experiencing anti-tuberculosis drug-related hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSION We encountered several challenges in performing robust syntheses of data from pharmacogenetic studies, and we outline recommendations for the future reporting of pharmacogenetic studies to enable high-quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Richardson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool
| | - J Kirkham
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool
| | - K Dwan
- Cochrane Editorial Unit, London
| | - D J Sloan
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews
| | - G Davies
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - A L Jorgensen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool
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Richardson M, Kirkham J, Dwan K, Sloan DJ, Davies G, Jorgensen AL. CYP genetic variants and toxicity related to anti-tubercular agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2018; 7:204. [PMID: 30458875 PMCID: PMC6247669 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-018-0861-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs may cause patients to experience serious adverse effects. Genetic factors, such as polymorphisms of CYP genes, may increase the likelihood of a patient experiencing such adverse drug reactions. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we synthesised evidence for associations between CYP genetic variants and anti-tuberculosis drug-related toxicity outcomes. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, BIOSIS and Web of Science to identify relevant studies. We performed meta-analyses to obtain an effect estimate for each genetic variant on each outcome, and stratified all analyses by country. We qualitatively assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. RESULTS We included data from 28 distinct cohorts of patients in the review. We identified many areas of concern with regard to the quality of included studies. Patients with homozygous mutant-type or heterozygous genotype at the CYP2E1 RsaI polymorphism were significantly less likely to experience hepatotoxicity than patients with homozygous wild-type genotype (odds ratio [OR] = 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56-1.00; p = 0.047, I2 = 58.2%). No significant differences were observed for the CYP2E1 DraI and PstI polymorphisms. For the 96-bp deletion-insertion single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the CYP2E1 gene, homozygous mutant-type significantly increased hepatotoxicity risk compared with homozygous wild-type (OR = 8.20, 95% CI 1.38-48.68, I2 = 0%); no significant difference was observed for heterozygous genotype compared with homozygous wild-type (OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.19-3.21, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS Generally, we identified that coverage of the association between SNPs of CYP genes and anti-tuberculosis drug-related toxicity outcomes is incomplete. We observed significant associations between the RsaI and 96-bp deletion-insertion SNPs of the CYP2E1 gene and anti-tuberculosis drug-related hepatotoxicity. We were unable to comment on the impact of ethnicity on the investigated associations, as information on participants' ethnicity was sparsely reported in the included studies. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017068448.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marty Richardson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB UK
| | - Jamie Kirkham
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB UK
| | - Kerry Dwan
- Cochrane Editorial Unit, London, SW1Y 4QX UK
| | - Derek J. Sloan
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF UK
| | - Geraint Davies
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB UK
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Zhang M, Wang S, Wilffert B, Tong R, van Soolingen D, van den Hof S, Alffenaar JW. The association between the NAT2 genetic polymorphisms and risk of DILI during anti-TB treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 84:2747-2760. [PMID: 30047605 PMCID: PMC6256008 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential association between N-acetyltransferase type 2 (NAT2) polymorphisms and drug-induced liver injury during anti-TB treatment (AT-DILI). METHODS We conducted a systematic review and performed a meta-analysis to clarify the role of NAT2 polymorphism in AT-DILI. PubMed, Medline and EMBASE databases were searched for studies published in English to December 31, 2017, on the association between the NAT2 polymorphism and AT-DILI risk. Outcomes were pooled with random-effects meta-analysis. Details were registered in the PROSPERO register (number: CRD42016051722). RESULTS Thirty-seven studies involving 1527 cases and 7184 controls were included in this meta-analysis. The overall odds ratio (OR) of AT-DILI associated with NAT2 slow acetylator phenotype was 3.15 (95% CI 2.58-3.84, I2 = 51.3%, P = 0.000). The OR varied between different ethnic populations, ranging from 6.42 (95% CI 2.41-17.10, I2 = 2.3%) for the West Asian population to 2.32 (95% CI 0.58-9.24, I2 = 80.3%) for the European population. Within the slow NAT2 genotype, variation was also observed; NAT2*6/*7 was associated with the highest risk of AT-DILI (OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.09-2.59) compared to the other slow NAT2 acetylators combined. CONCLUSIONS NAT2 slow acetylation was observed to increase the risk of AT-DILI in tuberculosis patients. Our results support the hypothesis that the slow NAT2 genotype is a risk factor for AT-DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shuqiang Wang
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Bob Wilffert
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacotherapy, -Epidemiology, & -Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.,Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province
| | - Dick van Soolingen
- Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan-Willem Alffenaar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Effect of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions associated with antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2018; 27:363-371. [PMID: 28799976 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the association between environmental factors and genetic variations in enzymes that metabolize antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs [arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1), and glutathione S-transferase mu 1] with antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH). We also investigated the potential gene-gene and gene-environment interactions as well as their association with ATDH development in a population of hospitalized TB patients from Buenos Aires. PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated 364 TB patients who received anti-TB drugs. Physicians collected demographic and clinical data to identify environmental risk factors for ATDH development. Polymorphisms were detected using gene sequencing, PCR, and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms. A binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to compare the results of TB patients with and without the development of hepatotoxicity. The multifactor dimensionality reduction method was used to examine genetic and environmental interactions in association with ATDH. RESULTS This study suggests that the slow acetylator profile [odds ratio (OR): 3.02; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.82-5.00; P<0.001], genotypes carrying the c2 variant (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.33-3.51; P=0.002) or the A4 variant of CYP2E1 (OR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.06-4.29; P=0.050), and female sex (OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.20-3.14; P=0.006) were independent predictor variables for ATDH. Patients carrying the slow acetylator profile and the c2 variant showed an increased risk (OR: 7.068; 95% CI: 3.34-14.95; P<0.001). We also identified a synergic interaction (epistasis) between GSTT1 and CYP2E1 associated with an increased risk for ATDH. A meaningful gene-environment interaction was associated with an increased risk of ATDH [testing balance accuracy=0.675 (P=0.001) and cross-validation consistency=10/10]. CONCLUSION ATDH is a severe and prevalent adverse drug reaction and leads to drug discontinuation in 11% of TB patients. Our study created a prediction model that properly classified the 67.5% of TB patients in their risk of developing ATDH. The considerable number of TB patients in our country supports the use of pharmacogenetic testing and a comprehensive clinical history to identify patients with a high risk of suffering hepatotoxicity.
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Abel L, Fellay J, Haas DW, Schurr E, Srikrishna G, Urbanowski M, Chaturvedi N, Srinivasan S, Johnson DH, Bishai WR. Genetics of human susceptibility to active and latent tuberculosis: present knowledge and future perspectives. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018; 18:e64-e75. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(17)30623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Richardson M, Kirkham J, Dwan K, Sloan D, Davies G, Jorgensen A. Influence of genetic variants on toxicity to anti-tubercular agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis (protocol). Syst Rev 2017; 6:142. [PMID: 28701180 PMCID: PMC5508765 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis patients receiving anti-tuberculosis treatment may experience serious adverse drug reactions, such as hepatotoxicity. Genetic risk factors, such as polymorphisms of the NAT2, CYP2E1 and GSTM1 genes, may increase the risk of experiencing such toxicity events. Many pharmacogenetic studies have investigated the association between genetic variants and anti-tuberculosis drug-related toxicity events, and several meta-analyses have synthesised data from these studies, although conclusions from these meta-analyses are conflicting. Many meta-analyses also have serious methodological limitations, such as applying restrictive inclusion criteria, or not assessing the quality of included studies. Most also only consider hepatotoxicity outcomes and specific genetic variants. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to give a comprehensive evaluation of the evidence base for associations between any genetic variant and anti-tuberculosis drug-related toxicity. METHODS We will search for studies in MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS and Web of Science. We will also hand search reference lists from relevant studies and contact experts in the field. We will include cohort studies, case-control studies and randomised controlled trials that recruited patients with tuberculosis who were either already established on anti-tuberculosis treatment or were commencing treatment and who were genotyped to investigate the effect of genetic variants on any anti-tuberculosis drug-related toxicity outcome. One author will screen abstracts to identify potentially relevant studies and will then obtain the full text for each potentially relevant study in order to assess eligibility. At each of these stages, a second author will independently screen/assess 10% of studies. Two authors will independently extract data and assess the quality of studies using a pre-piloted data extraction form. If appropriate, we will pool estimates of effect for each genotype on each outcome using meta-analyses stratified by ethnicity. DISCUSSION Our review and meta-analysis will update and add to the existing research in this field. By not restricting the scope of the review to a specific drug, genetic variant, or toxicity outcome, we hope to synthesise data for associations between genetic variants and anti-tuberculosis drug-related toxicity outcomes that have previously not been summarised in systematic reviews, and consequently, add to the knowledge base of the pharmacogenetics of anti-tuberculosis drugs. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017068448.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marty Richardson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK.
| | - Jamie Kirkham
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK
| | - Kerry Dwan
- Cochrane Editorial Unit, London, SW1Y 4QX, UK
| | - Derek Sloan
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Geraint Davies
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK
| | - Andrea Jorgensen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Whelan Building, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK
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Abstract
Despite the central role of the liver in drug metabolism, surprisingly there is lack of certainty in anticipating the extent of modification of the clearance of a given drug in a given patient. The intent of this review is to provide a conceptual framework in considering the impact of liver disease on drug disposition and reciprocally the impact of drug disposition on liver disease. It is proposed that improved understanding of the situation is gained by considering the issue as a special example of a drug-gene-environment interaction. This requires an integration of knowledge of the drug's properties, knowledge of the gene products involved in its metabolism, and knowledge of the pathophysiology of its disposition. This will enhance the level of predictability of drug disposition and toxicity for a drug of interest in an individual patient. It is our contention that advances in pharmacology, pharmacogenomics, and hepatology, together with concerted interests in the academic, regulatory, and pharmaceutical industry communities provide an ideal immediate environment to move from a qualitative reactive approach to quantitative proactive approach in individualizing patient therapy in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie K Zgheib
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Robert A Branch
- b Department of Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
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Petros Z, Lee MTM, Takahashi A, Zhang Y, Yimer G, Habtewold A, Amogne W, Aderaye G, Schuppe-Koistinen I, Mushiroda T, Makonnen E, Kubo M, Aklillu E. Genome-wide association and replication study of anti-tuberculosis drugs-induced liver toxicity. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:755. [PMID: 27671213 PMCID: PMC5037629 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a well-recognized adverse event of anti tuberculosis drugs (ATD) possibly associated with genetic variations. The objective of this study was to perform genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic variants associated with the risk for ATD induced liver toxicity in Ethiopian patients. Result Treatment-naïve newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients (n = 646) were enrolled prospectively and treated with rifampicin based short course anti-tuberculosis therapy. Whole genome genotyping was done using Illumina Omni Express Exome Bead Chip genotyping array with 951,117 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 48 DILI cases and 354 ATD tolerants. Replication study was carried out for 50 SNPs with the lowest P-values (top SNPs) using an independent cohort consisting of 27 DILI cases and 217 ATD tolerants. In the combined analysis, the top SNP identified was rs10946737 (P = 4.4 × 10−6, OR = 3.4, 95 % confidence interval = 2.2–5.3) in the intron of FAM65B in chromosome 6. In addition, we identified a cluster of SNPs with suggestive genome-wide significance in the intron of ATP/GTP binding protein-like 4 (AGBL4). Conclusion We identified genetic variants that are potentially associated with ATD induced liver toxicity. Further studies with larger sample sizes are essential to confirm the findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3078-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelalem Petros
- Laboratory for International Alliance on Genomic Research, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ming-Ta Michael Lee
- Laboratory for International Alliance on Genomic Research, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Laboratory for International Alliance on Genomic Research, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Getnet Yimer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abiy Habtewold
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wondwossen Amogne
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Aderaye
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ina Schuppe-Koistinen
- AstraZeneca R&D, Innovative Medicines Personalised Healthcare & Biomarkers, SciLifeLab, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taisei Mushiroda
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Eleni Aklillu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge C1:68, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Isoniazid metabolism and hepatotoxicity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:384-392. [PMID: 27709007 PMCID: PMC5045547 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoniazid (INH) is highly effective for the management of tuberculosis. However, it can cause liver injury and even liver failure. INH metabolism has been thought to be associated with INH-induced liver injury. This review summarized the metabolic pathways of INH and discussed their associations with INH-induced liver injury.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AcHz, acetylhydrazine
- AcINH, acetylisoniazid
- Amidase
- Anti-tuberculosis
- DiAcHz, diacetylhydrazine
- GSH, glutathione
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- Hepatotoxicity
- Hz, hydrazine
- INA, isonicotinic acid
- INH, isoniazid
- Isoniazid
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- Metabolism
- N-Acetyltransferase 2
- NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NAT, N-acetyltransferase
- P450, cytochrome P450
- R.M., reactive metabolite
- TB, tuberculosis
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17
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Wang FJ, Wang Y, Niu T, Lu WX, Sandford AJ, He JQ. Update meta-analysis of the CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI and DraI polymorphisms and risk of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: evidence from 26 studies. J Clin Pharm Ther 2016; 41:334-40. [PMID: 27062377 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Several studies have investigated the association of the CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI and/or DraI polymorphisms with susceptibility to antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH), but the results have been inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a large meta-analysis to determine a more precise estimation of this relationship. METHODS The PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese Biomedical Literature databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. Meta-analyses based on the entire population and subgroups were performed to examine the association between CYP2E1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to ATDH. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the strength of the associations. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Twenty-six studies with a total of 7423 participants were analysed. The overall ORs of relevant studies demonstrated that the CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI C1/C1 genotype was associated with an elevated risk of ATDH (OR = 1·32, 95% CI 1·03-1·69, P = 0·027), but for the DraI polymorphism there was no increase in risk (OR = 1·05, 95% CI 0·80-1·37, P = 0·748). In subgroup analyses of the RsaI/PstI polymorphism, significant results were found in East Asians, patients who used isoniazid + rifampicin + pyrazinamide + ethambutol and patients with twice the upper limit of normal as the minimum standard for defining ATDH. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that there is an increased risk of ATDH in individuals carrying the C1/C1 genotype of the CYP2E1 RsaI/PstI polymorphism. However, no association was found for the DraI polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-J Wang
- Department of Hematology and Research Laboratory of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - T Niu
- Department of Hematology and Research Laboratory of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W-X Lu
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - A J Sandford
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J-Q He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Implications of Pharmacogenetics for Antimicrobial Prescribing. Mol Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555819071.ch43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shi J, Xie M, Wang J, Xu Y, Liu X. Susceptibility of N-acetyltransferase 2 slow acetylators to antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a meta-analysis. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:2083-97. [PMID: 26616266 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the association between N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) gene polymorphisms and the risk of antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATLI). MATERIALS & METHODS A meta-analysis was performed including 27 studies with 1289 cases and 5462 controls. Odds ratio with 95% CI was used to evaluate the strength of association. RESULTS Our meta-analysis found that NAT2 slow acetylators were associated with increased risk of ATLI compared with fast and intermediate acetylators when standard dose of isoniazid was administrated (odds ratio: 3.08; 95% CI: 2.29-4.15). CONCLUSION Individuals with NAT2 slow acetylators may have increased risk of ATLI when standard dose of isoniazid was used. Detection of NAT2 genotype may benefit to the prevention of ATLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- Department of Respiration & Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Respiration & Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jianmiao Wang
- Department of Respiration & Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- Department of Respiration & Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- Department of Respiration & Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Tsai D, Jamal JA, Davis JS, Lipman J, Roberts JA. Interethnic differences in pharmacokinetics of antibacterials. Clin Pharmacokinet 2015; 54:243-60. [PMID: 25385446 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-014-0209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal antibacterial dosing is imperative for maximising clinical outcome. Many factors can contribute to changes in the pharmacokinetics of antibacterials to the extent where dose adjustment may be needed. In acute illness, substantial changes in important pharmacokinetic parameters such as volume of distribution and clearance can occur for certain antibacterials. The possibility of interethnic pharmacokinetic differences can further complicate attempts to design an appropriate dosing regimen. Factors of ethnicity, such as genetics, body size and fat distribution, contribute to differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of drugs. Despite extensive previous work on the altered pharmacokinetics of antibacterials in some patient groups such as the critically ill, knowledge of interethnic pharmacokinetic differences for antibacterials is limited. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aims to describe any pharmacokinetic differences in antibacterials between different ethnic groups, and discuss their probable mechanisms as well as any clinical implications. METHODS We performed a structured literature review to identify and describe available data of the interethnic differences in the pharmacokinetics of antibacterials. RESULTS We found 50 articles that met our inclusion criteria and only six of these compared antibacterial pharmacokinetics between different ethnicities within the same study. Overall, there was limited evidence available. We found that interethnic pharmacokinetic differences are negligible for carbapenems, most β-lactams, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, most fluoroquinolones, linezolid and daptomycin, whereas significant difference is likely for ciprofloxacin, macrolides, clindamycin, tinidazole and some cephalosporins. In general, subjects of Asian ethnicity achieve drug exposures up to two to threefold greater than Caucasian counterparts for these antibacterials. This difference is caused by a comparatively lower volume of distribution and/or drug clearance. CONCLUSION Interethnic pharmacokinetic differences of antibacterials are likely; however, the clinical relevance of these differences is unknown and warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Tsai
- Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Level 3, Ned Hanlon Building, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
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Aung AK, Haas DW, Hulgan T, Phillips EJ. Pharmacogenomics of antimicrobial agents. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 15:1903-30. [PMID: 25495412 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial efficacy and toxicity varies between individuals owing to multiple factors. Genetic variants that affect drug-metabolizing enzymes may influence antimicrobial pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, thereby determining efficacy and/or toxicity. In addition, many severe immune-mediated reactions have been associated with HLA class I and class II genes. In the last two decades, understanding of pharmacogenomic factors that influence antimicrobial efficacy and toxicity has rapidly evolved, leading to translational success such as the routine use of HLA-B*57:01 screening to prevent abacavir hypersensitivity reactions. This article examines recent advances in the field of antimicrobial pharmacogenomics that potentially affect treatment efficacy and toxicity, and challenges that exist between pharmacogenomic discovery and translation into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ar Kar Aung
- Department of General Medicine & Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Chen R, Zhang Y, Tang S, Lv X, Wu S, Sun F, Xia Y, Zhan SY. The association between HLA-DQB1 polymorphism and antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a Case-Control Study. J Clin Pharm Ther 2014; 40:110-5. [PMID: 25250564 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Research on genetic factors associated with antitubercular drug-induced liver injuries (ATLI) has been reported. However, most of the research has focused on genetic polymorphisms of genes encoding metabolic enzymes, including NAT2, GST and CYP450. It is probable that the immune system also contributes to the onset of drug adverse effects. A few small studies have explored the possible association of HLA genes with drug-induced liver injuries (DILI), but more supportive evidence from larger studies or prospective cohort designs is needed. We aim to explore the possible association of HLA-DQB1 gene polymorphisms with ATLI in a case-control study. METHODS A case-control study design was used. ATLI was recorded in a prospectively followed-up cohort of patients receiving antituberculosis treatment. Identified cases were matched with control tuberculosis patients within the same cohort but with no adverse effects in 1 : 1 ratio. We used the sequence-based typing method to determine the HLA-DQB1 genotypes. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Eighty-nine cases were included in this case-control study. HLA-DQB1 typing was successful for 177 subjects. No association between frequency of HLA-DQB1 genotypes and ATLI was statistically significant in univariate analyses. Multivariate analysis using the conditional logistic regression model revealed that the individuals with two DQB1*05 alleles were at higher risk of ATLI than control subjects. The OR was 5.28 adjusted for use of liver protective drugs and weight (10/88 VS 2/88, 95% CI: 1.134-24.615, P = 0.034). Analysis according to the liver injury type showed that both mixed liver injury patients and cholestatic/mixed liver injury patients had higher proportions of DQB1*05 : 02 alleles (P values were 0.028 and 0.005, respectively). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION This study suggests that ATLI was more likely in subjects of HLA-DQB1*05/*05 genotype. Further studies are needed to verify this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Bio-statistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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PharmGKB summary: very important pharmacogene information for N-acetyltransferase 2. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2014; 24:409-25. [PMID: 24892773 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tian FS, Shen L, Ren YW, Zhang Y, Yin ZH, Zhou BS. N-Acetyltransferase 2 Gene Polymorphisms are Associated with Susceptibility to Cancer: a Meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:5621-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.14.5621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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N-Acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) gene polymorphism and exposure to smoking in lung cancer of Chinese males. Med Oncol 2014; 31:90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ng CS, Hasnat A, Al Maruf A, Ahmed MU, Pirmohamed M, Day CP, Aithal GP, Daly AK. N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) genotype as a risk factor for development of drug-induced liver injury relating to antituberculosis drug treatment in a mixed-ethnicity patient group. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 70:1079-86. [PMID: 24888881 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-014-1703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to assess whether NAT2 genotype affects susceptibility to moderate to severe liver injury in patients undergoing drug treatment for tuberculosis with isoniazid-containing regimens. METHODS Twenty-six patients of European or South Asian ethnicity, who had suffered liver injury during treatment with isoniazid-containing drug regimens and 101 ethnically matched controls were genotyped for the NAT2*5, NAT2*6, and NAT2*7 alleles. Genotyping for additional polymorphisms in the NAT gene region was also performed on 20 of the 26 cases. NAT2 genotype frequency between cases and controls was compared. RESULTS NAT2 genotypes predicting a slow acetylator phenotype were found to be associated with an increased risk of isoniazid-related liver injury (odds ratio (OR) = 4.25 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.36-13.22); p = 0.012) with 85% of the cases being slow acetylators compared with 56% of the controls. There was no evidence for an increased risk for the slow acetylator genotype in patients with the most severe cases of liver injury, who underwent liver transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The NAT2 slow acetylator genotype appears to be a significant risk factor for moderate and severe drug- induced liver injury. However, the overall effect size is modest and generally in line with effects described previously for this genotype in milder drug-induced liver injury. Additional genetic risk factors may also contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Soon Ng
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Xiang Y, Ma L, Wu W, Liu W, Li Y, Zhu X, Wang Q, Ma J, Cao M, Wang Q, Yao X, Yang L, Wubuli A, Merle C, Milligan P, Mao Y, Gu J, Xin X. The incidence of liver injury in Uyghur patients treated for TB in Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region, China, and its association with hepatic enzyme polymorphisms nat2, cyp2e1, gstm1 and gstt1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85905. [PMID: 24465778 PMCID: PMC3900431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Of three first-line anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs, isoniazid is most commonly associated with hepatotoxicity. Differences in INH-induced toxicity have been attributed to genetic variability at several loci, NAT2, CYP2E1, GSTM1and GSTT1, that code for drug-metabolizing enzymes. This study evaluated whether the polymorphisms in these enzymes were associated with an increased risk of anti-TB drug-induced hepatitis in patients and could potentially be used to identify patients at risk of liver injury. Methods and Design In a cross-sectional study, 2244 tuberculosis patients were assessed two months after the start of treatment. Anti-TB drug-induced liver injury (ATLI) was defined as an ALT, AST or bilirubin value more than twice the upper limit of normal. NAT2, CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were determined using the PCR/ligase detection reaction assays. Results 2244 patients were evaluated, there were 89 cases of ATLI, a prevalence of 4% 9 patients (0.4%) had ALT levels more than 5 times the upper limit of normal. The prevalence of ATLI was greater among men than women, and there was a weak association with NAT2*5 genotypes, with ATLI more common among patients with the NAT2*5*CT genotype. The sensitivity of the CT genotype for identifying patients with ATLI was 42% and the positive predictive value 5.9%. CT ATLI was more common among slow acetylators (prevalence ratio 2.0 (95% CI 0.95,4.20) )compared to rapid acetylators. There was no evidence that ATLI was associated with CYP2E1 RsaIc1/c1genotype, CYP2E1 RsaIc1/c2 or c2/c2 genotypes, or GSTM1/GSTT1 null genotypes. Conclusions In Xinjiang Uyghur TB patients, liver injury was associated with the genetic variant NAT2*5, however the genetic markers studied are unlikely to be useful for screening patients due to the low sensitivity and low positive predictive values for identifying persons at risk of liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Long Ma
- The Red Cross of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Weidong Wu
- Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Xinjiang Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ili, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yongguang Li
- Xinjiang Aksu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Aksu, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Library of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Graduation School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jinfeng Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mingqin Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xuemei Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Atikaimu Wubuli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Corinne Merle
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Milligan
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiayi Gu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiumei Xin
- Care Division, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Tang SW, Lv XZ, Chen R, Wu SS, Yang ZR, Chen DF, Zhan SY. Lack of association between genetic polymorphisms ofCYP3A4,CYP2C9andCYP2C19and antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury in a community-based Chinese population. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 40:326-32. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ru Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Peking University Health Science Centre; Beijing; China
| | - Shan-Shan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Peking University Health Science Centre; Beijing; China
| | - Zhi-Rong Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Peking University Health Science Centre; Beijing; China
| | - Da-Fang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Peking University Health Science Centre; Beijing; China
| | - Si-Yan Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Public Health; Peking University Health Science Centre; Beijing; China
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Tang S, Lv X, Zhang Y, Wu S, Yang Z, Xia Y, Tu D, Deng P, Ma Y, Chen D, Zhan S. Cytochrome P450 2E1 gene polymorphisms/haplotypes and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatitis in a Chinese cohort. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57526. [PMID: 23460870 PMCID: PMC3583841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The pathogenic mechanism of anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drug-induced hepatitis is associated with drug metabolizing enzymes. No tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) of cytochrome P450 2E1(CYP2E1) in the risk of anti-TB drug-induced hepatitis have been reported. The present study was aimed at exploring the role of tSNPs in CYP2E1 gene in a population-based anti-TB treatment cohort. Methods and Design A nested case-control study was designed. Each hepatitis case was 14 matched with controls by age, gender, treatment history, disease severity and drug dosage. The tSNPs were selected by using Haploview 4.2 based on the HapMap database of Han Chinese in Beijing, and detected by using TaqMan allelic discrimination technology. Results Eighty-nine anti-TB drug-induced hepatitis cases and 356 controls were included in this study. 6 tSNPs (rs2031920, rs2070672, rs915908, rs8192775, rs2515641, rs2515644) were genotyped and minor allele frequencies of these tSNPs were 21.9%, 23.0%, 19.1%, 23.6%, 20.8% and 44.4% in the cases and 20.9%, 22.7%, 18.9%, 23.2%, 18.2% and 43.2% in the controls, respectively. No significant difference was observed in genotypes or allele frequencies of the 6 tSNPs between case group and control group, and neither of haplotypes in block 1 nor in block 2 was significantly associated with the development of hepatitis. Conclusion Based on the Chinese anti-TB treatment cohort, we did not find a statistically significant association between genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and the risk of anti-TB drug-induced hepatitis. None of the haplotypes showed a significant association with the development of hepatitis in Chinese TB population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowen Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Zhirong Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyin Xia
- Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dehua Tu
- Department of Tuberculosis Treatment, Beijing Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyuan Deng
- Center for Drug Reassessment, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Tuberculosis Treatment, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Dafang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Siyan Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Chamorro JG, Castagnino JP, Musella RM, Nogueras M, Aranda FM, Frías A, Visca M, Aidar O, Perés S, de Larrañaga GF. Sex, ethnicity, and slow acetylator profile are the major causes of hepatotoxicity induced by antituberculosis drugs. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013. [PMID: 23190413 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Treatment with antituberculosis (TB) drugs produces liver damage in a large proportion of patients. Isoniazid, an antibacterial drug, is primarily responsible for this hepatotoxicity. Several polymorphisms of the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT-2) and cytochrome P450 2E1 enzymes, which are involved in the metabolism of isoniazid, may be directly associated with the development of hepatotoxicity. This study was designed to analyze the association between the NAT-2 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms with the development of anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH). METHODS One hundred and seventy-five TB patients who had been treated with anti-TB drugs were studied. The allelic and genotypic frequency distributions of the NAT-2 and CYP2E1 enzymes were studied using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms methodology. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to compare the results between TB patients with and without the development of hepatotoxicity. RESULTS Having a slow acetylator status (odds ratio [OR] = 2.615; confidence interval [CI] = 1.264-5.411; P = 0.01), being female (OR = 2.734; CI = 1.325-5.639, P = 0.006), and having Bolivian ethnicity (OR = 2.711; CI = 1.307-6.625, P = 0.007) were found to be independent predictor variables for ATDH. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that a patient's NAT-2 acetylator status, gender, and ethnic origin may be regarded as important risk factors for developing hepatotoxicity. Contrary to expectations, the CYP2E1 c1/c2 polymorphism did not show a significant association with hepatotoxicity in this study. Given the increases in TB cases and ATDH incidence levels, as well as the associated hospitalization costs, it may also be helpful to know patients' acetylator status prior to or at the beginning of the TB treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián G Chamorro
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Laboratory, Hospital of Infectious Diseases Dr. F. J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in identifying genetic risk factors for idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions in the past 30 years. These reactions can affect various tissues and organs, including liver, skin, muscle and heart, in a drug-dependent manner. Using both candidate gene and genome-wide association studies, various genes that make contributions of varying extents to each of these forms of reactions have been identified. Many of the associations identified for reactions affecting the liver and skin involve human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes and for reactions relating to the drugs abacavir and carbamazepine, HLA genotyping is now in routine use prior to drug prescription. Other HLA associations are not sufficiently specific for translation but are still of interest in relation to underlying mechanisms for the reactions. Progress on non-HLA genes affecting adverse drug reactions has been less, but some important associations, such as those of SLCO1B1 and statin myopathy, KCNE1 and drug-induced QT prolongation and NAT2 and isoniazid-induced liver injury, are considered. Future prospects for identification of additional genetic risk factors for the various adverse drug reactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann K Daly
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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Forestiero FJ, Cecon L, Hirata MH, de Melo FF, Cardoso RF, Cerda A, Hirata RDC. Relationship of NAT2, CYP2E1 and GSTM1/GSTT1 polymorphisms with mild elevation of liver enzymes in Brazilian individuals under anti-tuberculosis drug therapy. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 415:215-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine for Infectious Diseases. OMICS FOR PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2013. [PMCID: PMC7122342 DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-1184-6_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Humans have been plagued by the scourge of invasion by pathogens leading to infectious diseases from the time in memoriam and are still the cause of morbidity and mortality among millions of individuals. Trying to understand the disease mechanisms and finding the remedial measures have been the quest of humankind. The susceptibility to disease of an individual in a given population is determined by ones genetic buildup. Response to treatment and the disease prognosis also depends upon individual’s genetic predisposition. The environmental stress induces mutations and is leading to the emergence of ever-increasing more dreaded infectious pathogens, and now we are in the era of increasing antibiotic resistance that has thrown up a challenge to find new treatment regimes. Discoveries in the science of high-throughput sequencing and array technologies have shown new hope and are bringing a revolution in human health. The information gained from sequencing of both human and pathogen genomes is a way forward in deciphering host-pathogen interactions. Deciphering the pathogen virulence factors, host susceptibility genes, and the molecular programs involved in the pathogenesis of disease has paved the way for discovery of new molecular targets for drugs, diagnostic markers, and vaccines. The genomic diversity in the human population leads to differences in host responses to drugs and vaccines and is the cause of poor response to treatment as well as adverse reactions. The study of pharmacogenomics of infectious diseases is still at an early stage of development, and many intricacies of the host-pathogen interaction are yet to be understood in full measure. However, progress has been made over the decades of research in some of the important infectious diseases revealing how the host genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters affect the bioavailability of the drugs which further determine the efficacy and toxicology of the drugs used for treatment. Further, the field of structural biology and chemistry has intertwined to give rise to medical structural genomics leading the way to the discovery of new drug targets against infectious diseases. This chapter explores how the advent of “omics” technologies is making a beginning in bringing about a change in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatments of the infectious diseases and hence paving way for personalized medicine.
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Slow N-acetyltransferase 2 genotype contributes to anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:3591-6. [PMID: 23277397 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenesis and genetic factors influencing predisposition to antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH) are not clear. Polymorphism at the genetic locus of a drug and xenobiotic compound metabolizing enzyme, N-acetyltransferase type 2 (NAT2), is reported to be associated with the excess generation of toxic reactive metabolites. To date, many case-control studies have been carried out to investigate the relationship between the NAT2 polymorphisms and ATDH, but the results have been inconsistent. To investigate this inconsistency, a meta-analysis was performed. Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and CNKI were searched to find relevant studies. A total of 26 case-control studies, involving 1,198 cases and 2,921 controls were included. Overall, we found significant association between slow acetylator genotype of NAT2 and ATDH (OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 2.47-3.88, P < 10(-5)). Significant results were also found in East Asians, South Asians, Brazilians and Middle Eastern when stratified by ethnicity. However, no significant associations were found for Caucasians. This meta-analysis demonstrated that the slow acetylator genotype of NAT2 is a risk factor associated with increased ATDH susceptibility, but these associations vary in different ethnic populations.
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Cai Y, Yi J, Zhou C, Shen X. Pharmacogenetic study of drug-metabolising enzyme polymorphisms on the risk of anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47769. [PMID: 23082213 PMCID: PMC3474796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Three first-line antituberculosis drugs, isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide, may induce liver injury, especially isoniazid. This antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATLI) ranges from a mild to severe form, and the associated mortality cases are not rare. In the past decade, many investigations have focused the association between drug-metabolising enzyme (DME) gene polymorphisms and risk for ATLI; however, these studies have yielded contradictory results. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, ISI web of science and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. A meta-analysis was performed to examine the association between polymorphisms from 4 DME genes (NAT2, CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1) and susceptibility to ATLI. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Heterogeneity among articles and their publication bias were also tested. Results 38 studies involving 2,225 patients and 4,906 controls were included. Overall, significantly increased ATLI risk was associated with slow NAT2 genotype and GSTM1 null genotype when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis. Significantly increased risk was also found for CYP2E1*1A in East Asians when stratified by ethnicity. However, no significant results were observed for GSTT1. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that slow NAT2 genotype, CYP2E1*1A and GSTM1 null have a modest effect on genetic susceptibility to ATLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Unversity, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - JiaYong Yi
- Departments of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Unversity, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - ChaoHui Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Unversity, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - XiZhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Unversity, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Pinto P, Salgado CG, Santos N, Alencar DO, Santos S, Hutz MH, Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â. Polymorphisms in the CYP2E1 and GSTM1 genes as possible protection factors for leprosy patients. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47498. [PMID: 23077626 PMCID: PMC3471857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The CYP2E1 and GSTM1 genes encode metabolic enzymes that have key functions in drug modification and elimination. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated the possible effects of CYP2E1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms in 71 leprosy patients and in 110 individuals from the general population. The GSTM1*0 null allele and INDEL CYP2E1*1D mutant genotypes were analyzed by conventional PCR, while CYP2E1 SNPs (1053C>T, 1293G>C and 7632T>A) were determined by RT-PCR. In leprosy patients, the GSTM1*0 and CYP2E1*5 alleles and the combined alleles GSTM1*0/CYP2E1*6 and GSTM1*0/CYP2E1*5 were significantly related to a baciloscopic index (BI) (BI<3), while the CYP2E1*6 allele was related to a better clinical evolution in the leprosy spectrum. Conclusions/Significance Therefore, GSTM1*0, CYP2E1*5 and CYP2E1*6 may be possible protection factors for leprosy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Pinto
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Claudio Guedes Salgado
- Laboratório de Dermatoimunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Ney Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Dayse O. Alencar
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Sidney Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | - Mara H. Hutz
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sol, Brasil
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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Ramachandran G, Swaminathan S. Role of pharmacogenomics in the treatment of tuberculosis: a review. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2012; 5:89-98. [PMID: 23226065 PMCID: PMC3513231 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s15454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Modern antituberculous treatment can cure most patients; cure rates > 95% are achieved with standard short-course chemotherapy regimens containing isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol among patients with drug-susceptible strains of tuberculosis; however, a small proportion do not respond to treatment or develop serious adverse events. Pharmacogenomic studies of drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis could help us understand intersubject variations in treatment response. In this review, we compiled pharmacogenomic data on antituberculous drugs that were available from different settings that would give a better insight into the role of pharmacogenomics in the treatment of tuberculosis, thereby enhancing the efficacy and limiting the toxicity of existing antituberculosis medications. METHODS The PubMed database was searched from 1960 to the present using the keywords "tuberculosis", "antituberculosis treatment", "isoniazid", "rifampicin", "pyrazinamide", "ethambutol", "pharmacogenomics", and "polymorphism". Abstracts from meetings and review articles were included. CONCLUSION Studies conducted in different settings suggest that pharmacogenomics plays a significant role in isoniazid metabolism, and impacts both treatment efficacy and frequency of adverse reactions. Single nucleotide polymorphisms influencing plasma rifampicin concentrations are also reported. No data are available regarding other first-line drugs, ie, ethambutol and pyrazinamide. There is a need to incorporate pharmacogenomics into clinical trials of tuberculosis in order to understand the factors impacting therapeutic success and occurrence of adverse drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Ramachandran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
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Tang SW, Lv XZ, Zhang Y, Wu SS, Yang ZR, Xia YY, Tu DH, Deng PY, Ma Y, Chen DF, Zhan SY. CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: a nested case-control study. J Clin Pharm Ther 2012; 37:588-93. [PMID: 22335459 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2012.01334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE The pathogenic mechanism of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH) is thought to involve drug-metabolizing enzymes including N-acetyl transferase2 (NAT2), cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1, T1. The associations between genetic polymorphisms of those genes and ATDH have been reported but with inconsistent results. Moreover, most studies were hospital-based retrospective studies and not prospective. We aimed to investigate possible associations of CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms with ATDH using a more robust case-control study nested in a population-based prospective antituberculosis treatment cohort. METHODS A total of 4304 patients with smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) who received standard short-course chemotherapy were monitored for 6-9 months. Incidence density sampling method was adopted to select controls and 4 : 1 matched with each ATDH cases by age (± 5 years), sex, treatment history, disease severity and drug dosage. The CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were genotyped using PCR-RFLP and multiplex PCR methods. Conditional logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), as well as corresponding P-values. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 89 ATDH cases and 356 controls were included in this study. There was no statistically significant association between CYP2E1 RsaI c1/c1 genotype or DraI C/C genotype and ATDH (OR = 0·99, 95% CI:0·62-1·59; OR = 1·13, 95% CI: 0·40-3·20, respectively) compared with CYP2E1 RsaI c1/c2 or c2/c2 genotypes or DraI D/D genotype, or between GSTM1/GSTT1 null genotypes and ATDH (OR = 1·22, 95% CI: 0·76-1·96; OR = 0·96, 95% CI: 0·60-1·52, respectively) compared with non-null genotypes. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION This is the first study of the involvement of CYP2E1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms in ATDH using a nested case-control population-based prospective cohort design. We could not confirm positive associations of genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1 RsaI, CYP2E1 DraI, GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null with ATDH reported by various groups, in our Chinese TB population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-W Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
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CYP3A5 and NAT2 gene polymorphisms: role in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk and treatment outcome. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 364:217-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Yimer G, Ueda N, Habtewold A, Amogne W, Suda A, Riedel KD, Burhenne J, Aderaye G, Lindquist L, Makonnen E, Aklillu E. Pharmacogenetic & pharmacokinetic biomarker for efavirenz based ARV and rifampicin based anti-TB drug induced liver injury in TB-HIV infected patients. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27810. [PMID: 22162992 PMCID: PMC3232196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implication of pharmacogenetic variations and efavirenz pharmacokinetics in concomitant efavirenz based antiviral therapy and anti-tubercular drug induced liver injury (DILI) has not been yet studied. We performed a prospective case-control association study to identify the incidence, pharmacogenetic, pharmacokinetic and biochemical predictors for anti-tubercular and antiretroviral drugs induced liver injury (DILI) in HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infected patients. METHODS AND FINDINGS Newly diagnosed treatment naïve TB-HIV co-infected patients (n = 353) were enrolled to receive efavirenz based ART and rifampicin based anti-TB therapy, and assessed clinically and biochemically for DILI up to 56 weeks. Quantification of plasma efavirenz and 8-hydroxyefaviernz levels and genotyping for NAT2, CYP2B6, CYP3A5, ABCB1, UGT2B7 and SLCO1B1 genes were done. The incidence of DILI and identification of predictors was evaluated using survival analysis and the Cox Proportional Hazards Model. The incidence of DILI was 30.0%, or 14.5 per 1000 person-week, and that of severe was 18.4%, or 7.49 per 1000 person-week. A statistically significant association of DILI with being of the female sex (p = 0.001), higher plasma efavirenz level (p = 0.009), efavirenz/8-hydroxyefavirenz ratio (p = 0.036), baseline AST (p = 0.022), ALT (p = 0.014), lower hemoglobin (p = 0.008), and serum albumin (p = 0.007), NAT2 slow-acetylator genotype (p = 0.039) and ABCB1 3435TT genotype (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION We report high incidence of anti-tubercular and antiretroviral DILI in Ethiopian patients. Between patient variability in systemic efavirenz exposure and pharmacogenetic variations in NAT2, CYP2B6 and ABCB1 genes determines susceptibility to DILI in TB-HIV co-infected patients. Close monitoring of plasma efavirenz level and liver enzymes during early therapy and/or genotyping practice in HIV clinics is recommended for early identification of patients at risk of DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getnet Yimer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nobuhisa Ueda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abiy Habtewold
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wondwossen Amogne
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Akira Suda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus-Dieter Riedel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Burhenne
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Getachew Aderaye
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Lars Lindquist
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eleni Aklillu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
A large number of case-control association studies on genetic susceptibility to drug-induced liver injury, involving both candidate gene and genome-wide association approaches, have now been reported. The strongest associations have been observed for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II genes and N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2). The associations with HLA class I and II genes are drug specific, though some apparently unrelated compounds show genetic associations with the same alleles. The underlying mechanism for the HLA association is likely to involve T-cell responses to either drug-protein adducts or to drug alone, but needs further investigation. The NAT2 association relates to liver injury induced by isoniazid, with most published studies finding an increased risk of injury in slow acetylators lacking NAT2 enzyme activity, presumably because of the accumulation of toxic metabolites. Other associations with genes relevant to drug disposition, innate immunity, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function have also been reported, though these still need to be confirmed by replication in independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann K Daly
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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Stine JG, Lewis JH. Drug-induced liver injury: a summary of recent advances. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2011; 7:875-90. [PMID: 21510822 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2011.577415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The knowledge base of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) continues to grow each year as additional drugs are identified as hepatotoxins. There is still a need to improve our ability to predict and diagnose DILI in the preclinical and post-approval settings. AREAS COVERED This article presents the new and updated DILI registries for 2010, including the latest information on the causes and outcomes of non-acetaminophen DILI cases in the US Acute Liver Failure Study Group database. As DILI is still largely a diagnosis of exclusion, it is appropriate that causality assessment instruments are again the subject of considerable discussion. EXPERT OPINION DILI research remains extremely active including studies aimed at being better able to identify causative agents, utilize potential biomarkers, predict who is at greatest risk of injury and manage outcomes. With respect to identifying DILI risk factors at the genetic level, the field is rapidly approaching the day where 'personalized medicine' (based on pharmacogenomics) will become a reality. A large single-center series from India reminds us that geography can influence the drugs responsible for liver injury; however, Hy's law remains universal. As our DILI knowledge continues to grow, it remains essential to keep abreast of the important changes reported each year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Stine
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC 20007, USA
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43
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Leiro-Fernandez V, Valverde D, Vázquez-Gallardo R, Constenla L, Fernández-Villar A. Genetic variations of NAT2 and CYP2E1 and isoniazid hepatotoxicity in a diverse population. Pharmacogenomics 2011; 11:1205-6; author reply 1207-8. [PMID: 20860460 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Pohl HR, Scinicariello F. The impact of CYP2E1 genetic variability on risk assessment of VOC mixtures. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 59:364-74. [PMID: 21295098 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Humans are simultaneously exposed to multiple chemicals in the environment. Many of the chemicals use the same enzymes in their metabolic pathways. Competitive inhibition may occur as one of the possible interactions between the xenobiotics in human body. For example, many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are metabolized using P450 enzymes, specifically CYP2E1. Inheritable gene alterations may result in changes of function of the enzymes in different human subpopulations. Variations in quantity and/or quality of particular isoenzymes may cause differences in the metabolism of VOCs. These variations may cause higher sensitivity in certain populations. Using examples of three different mixtures, this review paper outlines the variances in CYP2E1 isoenzymes, effect of exposure to such mixtures on sensitive populations, and approaches to mixtures risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana R Pohl
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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45
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Brooks-Wilson A, Marra F. Letter to the Editor - Reply to Leiro-Fernandez et al. Pharmacogenomics 2010. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.10.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology & Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Fawziah Marra
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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46
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Genetic and ethnic risk factors associated with drug hypersensitivity. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 10:280-90. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32833b1eb3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Genetic variation in carboxylesterase genes and susceptibility to isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2010; 10:524-36. [PMID: 20195289 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2010.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) generally includes isoniazid (INH), a drug that can cause serious hepatotoxicity. Carboxylesterases (CES) are important in the metabolism of a variety of substrates, including xenobiotics. We hypothesized that genetic variation in CES genes expressed in the liver could affect INH-induced hepatotoxicity. Three CES genes are known to be expressed in human liver: CES1, CES2 and CES4. Our aim was to systematically characterize genetic variation in these novel candidate genes and test whether it is associated with this adverse drug reaction. As part of a pilot study, 170 subjects with LTBI who received only INH were recruited, including 23 cases with hepatotoxicity and 147 controls. All exons and the promoters of CES1, CES2 and CES4 were bidirectionally sequenced. A large polymorphic deletion was found to encompass exons 2 to 6 of CES4. No significant association was found. Eleven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CES1 were in high linkage disequilibrium with each other. One of these SNPs, C(-2)G, alters the translation initiation sequence of CES1 and represents a candidate functional polymorphism. Replication of this possible association in a larger sample set and functional studies will be necessary to determine if this CES1 variant has a role in INH-induced hepatotoxicity.
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