1
|
Madrid-Gambin F, Fabregat-Safont D, Gomez-Gomez A, Olesti E, Mason NL, Ramaekers JG, Pozo OJ. Present and future of metabolic and metabolomics studies focused on classical psychedelics in humans. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115775. [PMID: 37944438 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychedelics are classical hallucinogen drugs that induce a marked altered state of consciousness. In recent years, there has been renewed attention to the possible use of classical psychedelics for the treatment of certain mental health disorders. However, further investigation to better understand their biological effects in humans, their mechanism of action, and their metabolism in humans is needed when considering the development of future novel therapeutic approaches. Both metabolic and metabolomics studies may help for these purposes. On one hand, metabolic studies aim to determine the main metabolites of the drug. On the other hand, the application of metabolomics in human psychedelics studies can help to further understand the biological processes underlying the psychedelic state and the mechanisms of action underlying their therapeutic potential. This review presents the state of the art of metabolic and metabolomic studies after lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and β-carboline alkaloids (ayahuasca brew), 5-methoxy-DMT and psilocybin administrations in humans. We first describe the characteristics of the published research. Afterward, we reviewed the main results obtained by both metabolic and metabolomics (if available) studies in classical psychedelics and we found out that metabolic and metabolomics studies in psychedelics progress at two different speeds. Thus, whereas the main metabolites for classical psychedelics have been robustly established, the main metabolic alterations induced by psychedelics need to be explored. The integration of metabolomics and pharmacokinetics for investigating the molecular interaction between psychedelics and multiple targets may open new avenues in understanding the therapeutic role of psychedelics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Madrid-Gambin
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David Fabregat-Safont
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Environmental and Public Health Analytical Chemistry, Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Alex Gomez-Gomez
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CERBA Internacional, Chromatography Department, 08203 Sabadell, Spain
| | - Eulàlia Olesti
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Area Medicament, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Clinical Pharmacology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natasha L Mason
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes G Ramaekers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar J Pozo
- Applied Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Smith DA, Sadler MC, Altman RB. Promises and challenges in pharmacoepigenetics. CAMBRIDGE PRISMS. PRECISION MEDICINE 2023; 1:e18. [PMID: 37560024 PMCID: PMC10406571 DOI: 10.1017/pcm.2023.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacogenetics, the study of how interindividual genetic differences affect drug response, does not explain all observed heritable variance in drug response. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, and histone acetylation may account for some of the unexplained variances. Epigenetic mechanisms modulate gene expression and can be suitable drug targets and can impact the action of nonepigenetic drugs. Pharmacoepigenetics is the field that studies the relationship between epigenetic variability and drug response. Much of this research focuses on compounds targeting epigenetic mechanisms, called epigenetic drugs, which are used to treat cancers, immune disorders, and other diseases. Several studies also suggest an epigenetic role in classical drug response; however, we know little about this area. The amount of information correlating epigenetic biomarkers to molecular datasets has recently expanded due to technological advances, and novel computational approaches have emerged to better identify and predict epigenetic interactions. We propose that the relationship between epigenetics and classical drug response may be examined using data already available by (1) finding regions of epigenetic variance, (2) pinpointing key epigenetic biomarkers within these regions, and (3) mapping these biomarkers to a drug-response phenotype. This approach expands on existing knowledge to generate putative pharmacoepigenetic relationships, which can be tested experimentally. Epigenetic modifications are involved in disease and drug response. Therefore, understanding how epigenetic drivers impact the response to classical drugs is important for improving drug design and administration to better treat disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delaney A Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marie C Sadler
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Russ B Altman
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Peedicayil J. Pharmacoepigenetics and Pharmacoepigenomics: An Overview. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 16:392-399. [PMID: 29676232 DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666180419154633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid and major advances being made in epigenetics are impacting pharmacology, giving rise to new sub-disciplines in pharmacology, pharmacoepigenetics, the study of the epigenetic basis of variation in response to drugs; and pharmacoepigenomics, the application of pharmacoepigenetics on a genome-wide scale. METHODS This article highlights the following aspects of pharmacoepigenetics and pharmacoepigenomics: epigenetic therapy, the role of epigenetics in pharmacokinetics, the relevance of epigenetics to adverse drug reactions, personalized medicine, drug addiction, and drug resistance, and the use of epigenetic biomarkers in drug therapy. RESULTS Epigenetics is having an increasing impact on several areas of pharmacology. CONCLUSION Pharmacoepigenetics and pharmacoepigenomics are new sub-disciplines in pharmacology and are likely to have an increasing impact on the use of drugs in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Peedicayil
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li MP, Hu YD, Hu XL, Zhang YJ, Yang YL, Jiang C, Tang J, Chen XP. MiRNAs and miRNA Polymorphisms Modify Drug Response. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13111096. [PMID: 27834829 PMCID: PMC5129306 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Differences in expression of drug response-related genes contribute to inter-individual variation in drugs’ biological effects. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs emerging as new players in epigenetic regulation of gene expression at post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs regulate the expression of genes involved in drug metabolism, drug transportation, drug targets and downstream signal molecules directly or indirectly. MiRNA polymorphisms, the genetic variations affecting miRNA expression and/or miRNA-mRNA interaction, provide a new insight into the understanding of inter-individual difference in drug response. Here, we provide an overview of the recent progress in miRNAs mediated regulation of biotransformation enzymes, drug transporters, and nuclear receptors. We also describe the implications of miRNA polymorphisms in cancer chemotherapy response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Peng Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Yao-Dong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China.
| | - Xiao-Lei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Yan-Jiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Yong-Long Yang
- Haikou People's Hospital and Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou 570311, China.
| | - Chun Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Molecular approaches for forensic cell type identification: On mRNA, miRNA, DNA methylation and microbial markers. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2015; 18:21-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
6
|
Gravia A, Chondrou V, Sgourou A, Papantoni I, Borg J, Katsila T, Papachatzopoulou A, Patrinos GP. Individualizing fetal hemoglobin augmenting therapy for β-type hemoglobinopathies patients. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 15:1355-64. [PMID: 25155936 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual genetic composition is an important cause of variations in the response and tolerance to drug treatment. Pharmacogenomics is a modern discipline aiming to delineate individual genomic profiles and drug response. To date, there are several medical disciplines where pharmacogenomics is readily applicable, while in others its usefulness is yet to be demonstrated. Recent experimental evidence suggest that besides genomic variation within the human β-globin gene cluster, other variants in modifier genes residing outside the human β-globin gene cluster are significantly associated with response to hydroxyurea treatment in β-type hemoglobinopathies patients, deducted from the increase in fetal hemoglobin levels. This article aims to provide an update and to discuss future challenges on the application of pharmacogenomics for β-type hemoglobinopathies therapeutics in relation to the current pharmacological treatment modalities for those disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Gravia
- University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University Campus, Rion, GR-265 04, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Szarc vel Szic K, Declerck K, Vidaković M, Vanden Berghe W. From inflammaging to healthy aging by dietary lifestyle choices: is epigenetics the key to personalized nutrition? Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:33. [PMID: 25861393 PMCID: PMC4389409 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressively older population in developed countries is reflected in an increase in the number of people suffering from age-related chronic inflammatory diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, heart and lung diseases, cancer, osteoporosis, arthritis, and dementia. The heterogeneity in biological aging, chronological age, and aging-associated disorders in humans have been ascribed to different genetic and environmental factors (i.e., diet, pollution, stress) that are closely linked to socioeconomic factors. The common denominator of these factors is the inflammatory response. Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation during physiological aging and immunosenescence are intertwined in the pathogenesis of premature aging also defined as ‘inflammaging.’ The latter has been associated with frailty, morbidity, and mortality in elderly subjects. However, it is unknown to what extent inflammaging or longevity is controlled by epigenetic events in early life. Today, human diet is believed to have a major influence on both the development and prevention of age-related diseases. Most plant-derived dietary phytochemicals and macro- and micronutrients modulate oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling and regulate metabolic pathways and bioenergetics that can be translated into stable epigenetic patterns of gene expression. Therefore, diet interventions designed for healthy aging have become a hot topic in nutritional epigenomic research. Increasing evidence has revealed that complex interactions between food components and histone modifications, DNA methylation, non-coding RNA expression, and chromatin remodeling factors influence the inflammaging phenotype and as such may protect or predispose an individual to many age-related diseases. Remarkably, humans present a broad range of responses to similar dietary challenges due to both genetic and epigenetic modulations of the expression of target proteins and key genes involved in the metabolism and distribution of the dietary constituents. Here, we will summarize the epigenetic actions of dietary components, including phytochemicals, and macro- and micronutrients as well as metabolites, that can attenuate inflammaging. We will discuss the challenges facing personalized nutrition to translate highly variable interindividual epigenetic diet responses to potential individual health benefits/risks related to aging disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Szarc vel Szic
- Lab Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ken Declerck
- Lab Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Melita Vidaković
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Lab Protein Science, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pardini B, Rosa F, Naccarati A, Vymetalkova V, Ye Y, Wu X, di Gaetano C, Buchler T, Novotny J, Matullo G, Vodicka P. Polymorphisms in microRNA genes as predictors of clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. Carcinogenesis 2014; 36:82-6. [PMID: 25368035 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies worldwide. It is routinely cured by a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy which improves outcomes in patients. We investigated the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two microRNA (miRNA)-encoding genes that have been previously reported as important in prognosis in patients with stage III CRC and treated with 5-FU-based chemotherapy. Two SNPs (rs4919510 in miR-608 and rs213210 in miR-219-1) were genotyped in 1083 CRC patients recruited in the Czech Republic to evaluate their effect on clinical outcomes. Carriers of the variant T allele in rs213210 and receiving 5-FU chemotherapy were associated with a significantly worse survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.18; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20-3.98; adjusted P = 0.01] and an increased risk of relapse (HR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.16-3.25; adjusted P = 0.01). After further stratification for tumor grading, stage III patients carrying the G allele of rs4919510 and undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy were at decreased risk of relapse (HR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.20-0.94; adjusted P = 0.03). The present study confirms that variations in miRNA-encoding genes may be an important factor for modulating CRC prognosis and predicting therapy response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pardini
- Genomic Variation in Human Population and Complex Diseases and Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Units, Human Genetics Foundation, 10126 Turin, Italy, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy,
| | - Fabio Rosa
- Genomic Variation in Human Population and Complex Diseases and Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Units, Human Genetics Foundation, 10126 Turin, Italy, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Genomic Variation in Human Population and Complex Diseases and Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Units, Human Genetics Foundation, 10126 Turin, Italy, Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030 Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Division of Cancer Prevention & Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030 Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cornelia di Gaetano
- Genomic Variation in Human Population and Complex Diseases and Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Units, Human Genetics Foundation, 10126 Turin, Italy, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Tomas Buchler
- Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic, Department of Oncology, Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic and
| | - Jan Novotny
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Genomic Variation in Human Population and Complex Diseases and Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Units, Human Genetics Foundation, 10126 Turin, Italy, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vymetalkova V, Pardini B, Rosa F, Di Gaetano C, Novotny J, Levy M, Buchler T, Slyskova J, Vodickova L, Naccarati A, Vodicka P. Variations in mismatch repair genes and colorectal cancer risk and clinical outcome. Mutagenesis 2014; 29:259-65. [PMID: 24755277 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency is one of the best understood forms of genetic instability in colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC is routinely cured by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy, with a prognostic effect and resistance to such therapy conferred by MMR status. In this study, we aimed to analyse the effect of genetic variants in classical coding regions or in less-explored predicted microRNA (miRNA)-binding sites in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of MMR genes on the risk of CRC, prognosis and the efficacy of 5-FU therapy. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MMR genes were initially tested for susceptibility to CRC in a case-control study (1095 cases and 1469 healthy controls). Subsequently, the same SNPs were analysed for their role in survival on a subset of patients with complete follow-up. Two SNPs in MLH3 and MSH6 were associated with clinical outcome. Among cases with colon and sigmoideum cancer, carriers of the CC genotype of rs108621 in the 3'UTR of MLH3 showed a significantly increased survival compared to those with the CT + TT genotype (log-rank test, P = 0.05). Moreover, this polymorphism was also associated with an increased risk of relapse or metastasis in patients with heterozygous genotype (log-rank test, P = 0.03). Patients carrying the CC genotype for MSH6 rs1800935 (D180D) and not undergoing 5-FU-based chemotherapy showed a decreased number of recurrences (log-rank test, P = 0.03). No association with CRC risk was observed. We provide the first evidence that variations in potential miRNA target-binding sites in the 3'UTR of MMR genes may contribute to modulate CRC prognosis and predictivity of therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vymetalkova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic,
| | | | - Fabio Rosa
- Human Genetics Foundation, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Cornelia Di Gaetano
- Human Genetics Foundation, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Verdi 8, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Jan Novotny
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Levy
- Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic and
| | - Tomas Buchler
- Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic and Thomayer University Hospital, Videnska 800, 14059 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Slyskova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic, Human Genetics Foundation, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1083, 14200 Prague, Czech Republic, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Caoili SEC. Beyond new chemical entities: advancing drug development based on functional versatility of antibodies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:1639-44. [PMID: 24632567 PMCID: PMC4185958 DOI: 10.4161/hv.28192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-type agents (i.e., antibodies and derivatives thereof) may be produced as clinically valuable antidotes, which conceivably could be developed in tandem with prospective new pharmaceutical products so as to render the risks of clinical trials more acceptable from a regulatory standpoint. Yet, this is but a relatively narrow view of the full potential utility associated with antibody-type agents, the significance of which is appreciated upon reconsidering key aspects of early modern biomedical research (notably major contributions thereto by Nobel Laureate Paul Ehrlich) in light of much more recent advances (e.g., application of immunity-oriented approaches to diseases in general, epitope-specific targeting, abzyme-mediated catalysis, antibody-mediated sustained-release buffering of unbound-ligand concentrations, and enhanced thermal and metabolic stability of deuterated chemical species via the kinetic isotope effect), as conditioned by health-related concerns (e.g., current and anticipated epidemiologic transitions vis-a-vis environmental changes) especially with regard to sustainable development (e.g., emphasizing more efficient resource utilization toward increased global resilience based on greater independence from high-maintenance technological infrastructure). The broader view that thus emerges highlights the urgent need to rebalance the health-research agenda, which presently reflect an overemphasis on small-molecule candidate-drug discovery, in order to advance health based on a comprehensive fundamental synthesis of immunity and pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Eugenio C Caoili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; College of Medicine; University of the Philippines Manila; Manila, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|