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Conyers R, Halman A, Moore C, Stenta T, Felmingham B, Collier L, Khatri D, Spelman T, Williams E, Dyas R, Kotecha RS, Jessop S, Mateos MK, Swen J, Elliott DA. Minimising Adverse Drug Reactions and Verifying Economic Legitimacy-Pharmacogenomics Implementation in Children (MARVEL- PIC): protocol for a national randomised controlled trial of pharmacogenomics implementation. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e085115. [PMID: 38760050 PMCID: PMC11103189 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-085115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA-informed prescribing (termed pharmacogenomics, PGx) is the epitome of personalised medicine. Despite international guidelines existing, its implementation in paediatric oncology remains sparse. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Minimising Adverse Drug Reactions and Verifying Economic Legitimacy-Pharmacogenomics Implementation in Children is a national prospective, multicentre, randomised controlled trial assessing the impact of pre-emptive PGx testing for actionable PGx variants on adverse drug reaction (ADR) incidence in patients with a new cancer diagnosis or proceeding to haematopoetic stem cell transplant. All ADRs will be prospectively collected by surveys completed by parents/patients using the National Cancer Institute Pediatric Patient Reported [Ped-PRO]-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) (weeks 1, 6 and 12). Pharmacist will assess for causality and severity in semistructured interviews using the CTCAE and Liverpool Causality Assessment Tool. The primary outcome is a reduction in ADRs among patients with actionable PGx variants, where an ADR will be considered as any CTCAE grade 2 and above for non-haematological toxicities and any CTCAE grade 3 and above for haematological toxicities Cost-effectiveness of pre-emptive PGx (secondary outcome) will be compared with standard of care using hospital inpatient and outpatient data along with the validated Childhood Health Utility 9D Instrument. Power and statistics considerations: A sample size of 440 patients (220 per arm) will provide 80% power to detect a 24% relative risk reduction in the primary endpoint of ADRs (two-sided α=5%, 80% vs 61%), allowing for 10% drop-out. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The ethics approval of the trial has been obtained from the Royal Children's Hospital Ethics Committee (HREC/89083/RCHM-2022). The ethics committee of each participating centres nationally has undertaken an assessment of the protocol and governance submission. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05667766.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Conyers
- Cancer Therapies Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Children's Cancer Centre, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Halman
- Cancer Therapies Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire Moore
- Cancer Therapies Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tayla Stenta
- Cancer Therapies Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Felmingham
- Cancer Therapies Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lane Collier
- Cancer Therapies Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dhrita Khatri
- Cancer Therapies Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim Spelman
- Department of Health Services Research and Implementation Science, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Williams
- Cancer Therapies Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roxanne Dyas
- Cancer Therapies Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin University Curtin Medical School, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sophie Jessop
- Michael Rice Centre for Haematology and Oncology, Women's and Children's Hospital Adelaide, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marion K Mateos
- Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jesse Swen
- Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - David A Elliott
- Cancer Therapies Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Subasri M, Cressman C, Arje D, Schreyer L, Cooper E, Patel K, Ungar WJ, Barwick M, Denburg A, Hayeems RZ. Translating Precision Health for Pediatrics: A Scoping Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:897. [PMID: 37238445 PMCID: PMC10217253 DOI: 10.3390/children10050897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Precision health aims to personalize treatment and prevention strategies based on individual genetic differences. While it has significantly improved healthcare for specific patient groups, broader translation faces challenges with evidence development, evidence appraisal, and implementation. These challenges are compounded in child health as existing methods fail to incorporate the physiology and socio-biology unique to childhood. This scoping review synthesizes the existing literature on evidence development, appraisal, prioritization, and implementation of precision child health. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched. The included articles were related to pediatrics, precision health, and the translational pathway. Articles were excluded if they were too narrow in scope. In total, 74 articles identified challenges and solutions for putting pediatric precision health interventions into practice. The literature reinforced the unique attributes of children and their implications for study design and identified major themes for the value assessment of precision health interventions for children, including clinical benefit, cost-effectiveness, stakeholder values and preferences, and ethics and equity. Tackling these identified challenges will require developing international data networks and guidelines, re-thinking methods for value assessment, and broadening stakeholder support for the effective implementation of precision health within healthcare organizations. This research was funded by the SickKids Precision Child Health Catalyst Grant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathushan Subasri
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (M.S.); (C.C.); (D.A.); (L.S.); (E.C.); (K.P.); (W.J.U.); (M.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Celine Cressman
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (M.S.); (C.C.); (D.A.); (L.S.); (E.C.); (K.P.); (W.J.U.); (M.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Danielle Arje
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (M.S.); (C.C.); (D.A.); (L.S.); (E.C.); (K.P.); (W.J.U.); (M.B.); (A.D.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Leighton Schreyer
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (M.S.); (C.C.); (D.A.); (L.S.); (E.C.); (K.P.); (W.J.U.); (M.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Erin Cooper
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (M.S.); (C.C.); (D.A.); (L.S.); (E.C.); (K.P.); (W.J.U.); (M.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Komal Patel
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (M.S.); (C.C.); (D.A.); (L.S.); (E.C.); (K.P.); (W.J.U.); (M.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Wendy J. Ungar
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (M.S.); (C.C.); (D.A.); (L.S.); (E.C.); (K.P.); (W.J.U.); (M.B.); (A.D.)
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada
| | - Melanie Barwick
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (M.S.); (C.C.); (D.A.); (L.S.); (E.C.); (K.P.); (W.J.U.); (M.B.); (A.D.)
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada
| | - Avram Denburg
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (M.S.); (C.C.); (D.A.); (L.S.); (E.C.); (K.P.); (W.J.U.); (M.B.); (A.D.)
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Robin Z. Hayeems
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; (M.S.); (C.C.); (D.A.); (L.S.); (E.C.); (K.P.); (W.J.U.); (M.B.); (A.D.)
- Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada
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Mowbray C, Turner J, Gai J, Jacobs S. Comfort with Pharmacogenetic Testing Amongst Pediatric Oncology Providers and Their Patients. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY NURSING 2022; 39:168-177. [PMID: 35467433 PMCID: PMC9462430 DOI: 10.1177/10434542211055999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing, a component of personalized medicine, aims to ensure treatment efficacy while reducing side effects and symptoms. Before this testing becomes routine in the pediatric oncology population, nurses need to understand the knowledge and concerns of providers, patients, and family members with regard to the timing, extent, interpretation, and incorporation of PGx testing. Methods: As part of a comprehensive PGx study (larger study) for children diagnosed with cancer, we surveyed providers and caregivers of children with cancer about their knowledge of and comfort with PGx testing. Caregivers who declined to participate in the larger PGx study were also asked to participate in the survey. Chi-square tests and a two-sample t-test were used to compare variables. Results: One hundred and two participants from the larger PGx study and 12 families who refused (response rate of 77% and 54%, respectively) as well as 29 providers (88%) completed surveys. Families not on the study were less interested in and comfortable with PGx results. Both groups were concerned about health or life insurance discrimination and payment. Providers would like support in ordering PGx testing and interpreting PGx. Discussion: Providers remain wary of most PGx testing, uncomfortable with interpreting and applying the results. Families are interested in the possibilities of personalized prescribing while worried about who has access to their child's genetic information. Further education on relevant tests for providers, including nurses, and the testing process for families, including details on privacy and sharing of genetic information, appear necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Mowbray
- Center of Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National
Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Catriona Mowbray, PhD, BSN, RN, CPHON,
Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s National Hospital, 111
Michigan Ave NW, 3.5 Main rm 157, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
| | - Joyce Turner
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National
Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jiaxiang Gai
- Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National
Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shana Jacobs
- Center of Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National
Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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