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Zhang H, Chen C, Liu Y, Chen W, Qi J, Xu Y, Ren L, Yang G, Min D, Liu Z, Cai X, Hao M, Xu G, Hou P. D-galactose causes sinoatrial node dysfunction: from phenotype to mechanism. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:12551-12569. [PMID: 37950730 PMCID: PMC10683603 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
With the population aging, age-related sinoatrial node dysfunction (SND) has been on the rise. Sinoatrial node (SAN) degeneration is an important factor for the age-related SND development. However, there is no suitable animal modeling method in this field. Here, we investigated whether D-galactose could induce SAN degeneration and explored the associated mechanism. In vivo, twelve C57BL/6 mice were divided into Control and D-galactose group to receive corresponding treatments. Senescence was confirmed by analyzing the hair and weight; cardiac function was evaluated through echocardiography, cerebral blood flux and serum-BNP; the SAN function was evaluated by electrocardiogram; fibrotic change was evaluated by Masson's trichrome staining and oxidative stress was assessed through DHE staining and serum indicators. Mechanism was verified through immunofluorescence-staining and Western blotting. In vitro, mouse-atrial-myocytes were treated with D-galactose, and edaravone was utilized as the ROS scavenger. Senescence, oxidative stress, proliferation ability and mechanism were verified through various methods, and intuitive evidence was obtained through electrophysiological assay. Finally, we concluded that D-galactose can be used to induce age-related SND, in which oxidative stress plays a key role, causing PITX2 ectopic expression and downregulates SHOX2 expression, then through the downstream GATA4/NKX2-5 axis, results in pacing-related ion channels dysfunction, and hence SND development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 116600, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 116600, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 116600, China
| | - Lu Ren
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 116600, China
| | - Guanlin Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 116600, China
| | - Dongyu Min
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 116600, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 116600, China
| | - Xintong Cai
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 116600, China
| | - Miao Hao
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 116600, China
| | - Guanzhen Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 116600, China
| | - Ping Hou
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 116600, China
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NRF-2/HO-1 Pathway-Mediated SHOX2 Activation Is a Key Switch for Heart Rate Acceleration by Yixin-Fumai Granules. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8488269. [PMID: 36199421 PMCID: PMC9529460 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8488269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Population aging has led to increased sick sinus syndrome (SSS) incidence; however, no effective and safe medical therapy has been reported thus far. Yixin-Fumai granules (YXFMs), a Chinese medicine granule designed for bradyarrhythmia treatment, can effectively increase SSS patients' heart rate. Senescence-induced sinoatrial node (SAN) degeneration is an important part of SSS pathogenesis, and older people often show high levels of oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the SAN causes abnormal SAN pacing or conduction functions. The current study observed the protective effects of YXFMs on senescent SAN and explored the relationship between the NRF-2/HO-1 pathway, SHOX2, and T-type calcium channels. We selected naturally senescent C57BL/6 mice with bradycardia to simulate SSS; electrocardiography, Masson's trichrome staining, and DHE staining were used to assess SAN function and tissue damage. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were used to assay related proteins. In vitro, we treated human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial myocytes (hiPSC-AMs) and mouse atrial myocyte-derived cell line HL-1 with D-galactose to simulate senescent SAN-pacemaker cells. CardioExcyte96 was used to evaluate the pulsatile function of the hiPSC-AMs, and the mechanism was verified by DCFH-DA, immunofluorescence staining, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting. The results demonstrated that YXFMs effectively inhibited senescence-induced SAN hypofunction, and this effect possibly originated from scavenging of ROS and promotion of NRF-2, SHOX2, and T-type calcium channel expression. In vitro experiment results indicated that ML385, si-SHOX2, LDN193189, and Mibefradil reversed YXFMs' effects. Moreover, we, for the first time, found that ROS accumulation may hinder SHOX2 expression; YXFMs can activate SHOX2 through the NRF-2/HO-1 pathway-mediated ROS scavenging and then regulate CACNA1G through the SHOX2/BMP4/GATA4/NKX2-5 axis, improve T-type calcium channel function, and ameliorate the SAN dysfunction. Finally, through network pharmacology and molecular docking, we screened for the most stable YXFMs compound that docks to NRF-2, laying the foundation for future studies.
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Wang Y, Morishima M, Ono K. Protein Kinase C Regulates Expression and Function of the Cav3.2 T-Type Ca2+ Channel during Maturation of Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocyte. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070686. [PMID: 35877889 PMCID: PMC9321535 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Two distinct isoforms of the T-type Ca2+ channel, Cav3.1 and Cav3.2, play a pivotal role in the generation of pacemaker potentials in nodal cells in the heart, although the isoform switches from Cav3.2 to Cav3.1 during the early neonatal period with an unknown mechanism. The present study was designed to investigate the molecular system of the parts that are responsible for the changes of T-type Ca2+ channel isoforms in neonatal cardiomyocytes using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique and mRNA quantification. The present study demonstrates that PKC activation accelerates the Ni2+-sensitive beating rate and upregulates the Ni2+-sensitive T-type Ca2+ channel current in neonatal cardiomyocytes as a long-term effect, whereas PKC inhibition delays the Ni2+-sensitive beating rate and downregulates the Ni2+-sensitive T-type Ca2+ channel current. Because the Ni2+-sensitive T-type Ca2+ channel current is largely composed of the Cav3.2-T-type Ca2+ channel, it is accordingly assumed that PKC activity plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the Cav3.2 channel. The expression of Cav3.2 mRNA was highly positively correlated with PKC activity. The expression of a transcription factor Nkx2.5 mRNA, possibly corresponding to the Cav3.2 channel gene, was decreased by an inhibition of PKCβII. These results suggest that PKC activation, presumably by PKCβII, is responsible for the upregulation of CaV3.2 T-type Ca2+ channel expression that interacts with a cardiac-specific transcription factor, Nkx2.5, in neonatal cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Oita 879-5593, Japan; (Y.W.); (M.M.)
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Examination, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita 870-1192, Japan
| | - Masaki Morishima
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Oita 879-5593, Japan; (Y.W.); (M.M.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kindai University Faculty of Agriculture, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Katsushige Ono
- Department of Pathophysiology, Oita University School of Medicine, Oita 879-5593, Japan; (Y.W.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-97-586-5650
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Papazoglou A, Henseler C, Broich K, Daubner J, Weiergräber M. Breeding of Ca v2.3 deficient mice reveals Mendelian inheritance in contrast to complex inheritance in Ca v3.2 null mutant breeding. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13972. [PMID: 34234221 PMCID: PMC8263769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
High voltage-activated Cav2.3 R-type Ca2+ channels and low voltage-activated Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels were reported to be involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. Many of these findings are based on studies in Cav2.3 and Cav3.2 deficient mice. Recently, it has been proposed that inbreeding of Cav2.3 and Cav3.2 deficient mice exhibits significant deviation from Mendelian inheritance and might be an indication for potential prenatal lethality in these lines. In our study, we analyzed 926 offspring from Cav3.2 breedings and 1142 offspring from Cav2.3 breedings. Our results demonstrate that breeding of Cav2.3 deficient mice shows typical Mendelian inheritance and that there is no indication of prenatal lethality. In contrast, Cav3.2 breeding exhibits a complex inheritance pattern. It might be speculated that the differences in inheritance, particularly for Cav2.3 breeding, are related to other factors, such as genetic specificities of the mutant lines, compensatory mechanisms and altered sperm activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Papazoglou
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Henseler
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Broich
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johanna Daubner
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marco Weiergräber
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Germany.
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5
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Wang H, Liu Y, Han S, Zi Y, Zhang Y, Kong R, Liu Z, Cai Z, Zhong C, Liu W, Li L, Jiang L. Nkx2-5 Regulates the Proliferation and Migration of H9c2 Cells. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e925388. [PMID: 32780729 PMCID: PMC7441744 DOI: 10.12659/msm.925388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The protein NKX2–5 affects mammalian heart development. In mice, the disruption of Nkx2–5 has been associated with arrhythmias, abnormal myocardial contraction, abnormal cardiac morphogenesis, and death. However, the details of the mechanisms are unclear. This study was designed to investigate them. Material/Methods Rat cardiomyocytes from the H9c2 cell line were used in our study. First, we knocked down Nkx2–5 in the H9c2 cells and then validated consequent changes in cell proliferation and migration. We then used RNA sequencing to determine the changes in transcripts. Finally, we validated these results by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results We confirmed that Nkx2–5 regulates the proliferation and migration of H9c2 cells. In our experiments, Nkx2–5 regulated the expression of genes related to proliferation, migration, heart development, and disease. Based on bioinformatics analysis, knockdown of Nkx2–5 caused differential expression of genes involved in cardiac development, calcium ion-related biological activity, the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway, pathways related to heart diseases, the MAPK signaling pathway, and other biological processes and signaling pathways. Conclusions Nkx2–5 may regulate proliferation and migration of the H9c2 cells through the genes Tgfb-2, Bmp10, Id2, Wt1, Hey1, and Cacna1g; rno-miR-1-3p; the TGF-β signaling pathway; the MAPK signaling pathway; as well as other genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshu Wang
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Liu
- Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Shen Han
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yunfeng Zi
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Yayong Zhang
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Ruize Kong
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Zu Liu
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhibin Cai
- Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Chongbin Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Liu
- Department II of Hepatobillary Surgery, The People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Lifeng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The People's Hospital of Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Chuxiong, Yunnan, China (mainland)
| | - Lihong Jiang
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China (mainland)
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6
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Zhang X, Li Y, Zhang X, Piacentino V, Harris DM, Berretta R, Margulies KB, Houser SR, Chen X. A low voltage activated Ca 2+ current found in a subset of human ventricular myocytes. Channels (Austin) 2020; 14:231-245. [PMID: 32684070 PMCID: PMC7515576 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2020.1794420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Low voltage activated (ICa-LVA) calcium currents including Cav1.3 and T-type calcium current (ICa-T) have not been reported in adult human left ventricular myocytes (HLVMs). We tried to examine their existence and possible correlation with etiology and patient characteristics in a big number of human LVMs isolated from explanted terminally failing (F) hearts, failing hearts with left ventricular assist device (F-LVAD) and nonfailing (NF) human hearts. LVA (ICa-LVA) was determined by subtracting L-type Ca2+ current (ICa-L) recorded with the holding potential of −50 mV from total Ca2+ current recorded with the holding potential of −90 mV or −70 mV. ICa- LVA was further tested with its sensitivity to 100 µM CdCl2 and tetrodotoxin. Three HLVMs (3 of 137 FHLVMs) from 2 (N = 30 hearts) failing human hearts, of which one was idiopathic and the other was due to primary pulmonary hypertension, were found with ICa-LVA. ICa-LVA in one FHLVM was not sensitive to 100 µM CdCl2 while ICa-LVA in another two FHLVMs was not sensitive to tetrodotoxin. It peaked at the voltage of −40~-20 mV and had a time-dependent decay faster than ICa-L but slower than sodium current (INa). ICa-LVA was not found in any HLVMs from NF (75 HLVMs from 17 hearts) or F-LVAD hearts (82 HLVMs from 18 hearts) but a statistically significant correlation could not be established. In conclusion, ICa-LVA was detected in some HLVMs of a small portion of human hearts that happened to be nonischemic failing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Infection Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang China.,Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yijia Li
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Valentino Piacentino
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department Grand Strand Surgical Care, Grand Strand Regional Medical Center , Myrtle Beach, SC
| | - David M Harris
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Philadelphia, PA, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Remus Berretta
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven R Houser
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine , Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Qu YS, Lazzerini PE, Capecchi PL, Laghi-Pasini F, El Sherif N, Boutjdir M. Autoimmune Calcium Channelopathies and Cardiac Electrical Abnormalities. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:54. [PMID: 31119135 PMCID: PMC6507622 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with autoimmune diseases are at increased risk for developing cardiovascular diseases, and abnormal electrocardiographic findings are common. Voltage-gated calcium channels play a major role in the cardiovascular system and regulate cardiac excitability and contractility. Particularly, by virtue of their localization and expression in the heart, calcium channels modulate pace making at the sinus node, conduction at the atrioventricular node and cardiac repolarization in the working myocardium. Consequently, emerging evidence suggests that calcium channels are targets to autoantibodies in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune-associated cardiac calcium channelopathies have been recognized in both sinus node dysfunction atrioventricular block in patients positive for anti-Ro/La antibodies, and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of autoimmune-associated calcium channelopathies and their relationship with the development of cardiac electrical abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Sarah Qu
- Department of Cardiology, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,VA New York Harbor Healthcare System and State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Pietro Enea Lazzerini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Pier Leopoldo Capecchi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Franco Laghi-Pasini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nabil El Sherif
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System and State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Mohamed Boutjdir
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System and State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States.,NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Ca v3.2 T-Type Calcium Channels Are Physiologically Mandatory for the Auditory System. Neuroscience 2019; 409:81-100. [PMID: 31029730 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) play key roles in auditory perception and information processing within the inner ear and brainstem. Pharmacological inhibition of low voltage-activated (LVA) T-type Ca2+ channels is related to both age- and noise induced hearing loss in experimental animals and may represent a promising approach to the treatment of auditory impairment of various etiologies. Within the LVA Ca2+ channel subgroup, Cav3.2 is the most prominently expressed T-type channel entity in the cochlea and auditory brainstem. Thus, we performed a complete gender specific click and tone burst based auditory brainstem response (ABR) analysis of Cav3.2+/- and Cav3.2-/- mice, including i.a. temporal progression in hearing loss, amplitude growth function and wave latency analysis as well as a cochlear qPCR based evaluation of other VGCCs transcripts. Our results, based on a self-programmed automated wavelet approach, demonstrate that both heterozygous and Cav3.2 null mutant mice exhibit age-dependent increases in hearing thresholds at 5 months of age. In addition, complex alterations in WI-IV amplitudes and latencies were detected that were not attributable to alterations in the expression of other VGCCs in the auditory tract. Our results clearly demonstrate the important physiological role of Cav3.2 VGCCs in the spatiotemporal organization of auditory processing in young adult mice and suggest potential pharmacological targets for interventions in the future.
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Howarth FC, Qureshi MA, Jayaprakash P, Parekh K, Oz M, Dobrzynski H, Adrian TE. The Pattern of mRNA Expression Is Changed in Sinoatrial Node from Goto-Kakizaki Type 2 Diabetic Rat Heart. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:8454078. [PMID: 30246030 PMCID: PMC6139199 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8454078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo experiments in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) type 2 diabetic rats have demonstrated reductions in heart rate from a young age. The expression of genes encoding more than 70 proteins that are associated with the generation and conduction of electrical activity in the GK sinoatrial node (SAN) have been evaluated to further clarify the molecular basis of the low heart rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Heart rate and expression of genes were evaluated with an extracellular electrode and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Rats aged 12-13 months were employed in these experiments. RESULTS Isolated spontaneous heart rate was reduced in GK heart (161 ± 12 bpm) compared to controls (229 ± 11 bpm). There were many differences in expression of mRNA, and some of these differences were of particular interest. Compared to control SAN, expression of some genes were downregulated in GK-SAN: gap junction, Gja1 (Cx43), Gja5 (Cx40), Gjc1 (Cx45), and Gjd3 (Cx31.9); cell membrane transport, Trpc1 (TRPC1) and Trpc6 (TRPC6); hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, Hcn1 (HCN1) and Hcn4 (HCN4); calcium channels, Cacna1d (Cav1.3), Cacna1g (Cav3.1), Cacna1h (Cav3.2), Cacna2d1 (Cavα2δ1), Cacna2d3 (Cavα2δ3), and Cacng4 (Cav γ 4); and potassium channels, Kcna2 (Kv1.2), Kcna4 (Kv1.4), Kcna5 (Kv1.5), Kcnb1 (Kv2.1), Kcnd3 (Kv4.3), Kcnj2 (Kir2.1), Kcnk1 (TWIK1), Kcnk5 (K2P5.1), Kcnk6 (TWIK2), and Kcnn2 (SK2) whilst others were upregulated in GK-SAN: Ryr2 (RYR2) and Nppb (BNP). CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insight into the changing expression of genes in the sinoatrial node of diabetic heart.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials
- Animals
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/genetics
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/metabolism
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/etiology
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/genetics
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Rate/genetics
- Isolated Heart Preparation
- Male
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- Sinoatrial Node/metabolism
- Sinoatrial Node/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- F. C. Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - M. A. Qureshi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - P. Jayaprakash
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - K. Parekh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - M. Oz
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - H. Dobrzynski
- Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - T. E. Adrian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
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Seya K, Yamaya A, Kamachi S, Murakami M, Kitahara H, Kawakami J, Okumura K, Murakami M, Motomura S, Furukawa KI. 8-Methyltryptanthrin-induced differentiation of P19CL6 embryonal carcinoma cells into spontaneously beating cardiomyocyte-like cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:1413-1419. [PMID: 24885014 DOI: 10.1021/np500108r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Enhancement of cardiac differentiation is critical to stem cell transplantation therapy for severe ischemic heart disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether several derivatives of tryptanthrin (1), extracted from the medicinal plant Polygonum tinctorium, induce the differentiation of P19CL6 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells into beating cardiomyocyte-like cells. P19CL6 cells were cultured in α-MEM supplemented with 10% FBS including a test compound or vehicle. Drug-induced differentiation was assessed by measuring the number of beating and nonbeating aggregates and the area of beating aggregates, and the expression of genes involved in cardiac differentiation was evaluated by real-time PCR. A 1 μM concentration of 8-methyltryptanthrin (2) induced the differentiation of P19CL6 cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells to a significantly greater degree than 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a conventional differentiation inducer of P19CL6 cells. Furthermore, 2 strongly increased both the number and the area of spontaneously beating aggregates in comparison with DMSO. Two distinct genes of the calcium channel family, Cav1.2 and Cav3.1, underlying cardiac automaticity were significantly expressed in the presence of 2. Gap junction genes GJA1 and GJA5 contributing to the synchronized contraction of the myocardium were also induced significantly by 2. These results suggest that 2 successfully differentiated P19CL6 cells into spontaneously beating cardiomyocyte-like cells by activating the gene expression of pacemaker channels and gap junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Seya
- Department of Pharmacology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine , 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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Strandberg LS, Cui X, Rath A, Liu J, Silverman ED, Liu X, Siragam V, Ackerley C, Su BB, Yan JY, Capecchi M, Biavati L, Accorroni A, Yuen W, Quattrone F, Lung K, Jaeggi ET, Backx PH, Deber CM, Hamilton RM. Congenital heart block maternal sera autoantibodies target an extracellular epitope on the α1G T-type calcium channel in human fetal hearts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72668. [PMID: 24039792 PMCID: PMC3767782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart block (CHB) is a transplacentally acquired autoimmune disease associated with anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB maternal autoantibodies and is characterized primarily by atrioventricular (AV) block of the fetal heart. This study aims to investigate whether the T-type calcium channel subunit α1G may be a fetal target of maternal sera autoantibodies in CHB. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We demonstrate differential mRNA expression of the T-type calcium channel CACNA1G (α1G gene) in the AV junction of human fetal hearts compared to the apex (18-22.6 weeks gestation). Using human fetal hearts (20-22 wks gestation), our immunoprecipitation (IP), Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence (IF) staining results, taken together, demonstrate accessibility of the α1G epitope on the surfaces of cardiomyocytes as well as reactivity of maternal serum from CHB affected pregnancies to the α1G protein. By ELISA we demonstrated maternal sera reactivity to α1G was significantly higher in CHB maternal sera compared to controls, and reactivity was epitope mapped to a peptide designated as p305 (corresponding to aa305-319 of the extracellular loop linking transmembrane segments S5-S6 in α1G repeat I). Maternal sera from CHB affected pregnancies also reacted more weakly to the homologous region (7/15 amino acids conserved) of the α1H channel. Electrophysiology experiments with single-cell patch-clamp also demonstrated effects of CHB maternal sera on T-type current in mouse sinoatrial node (SAN) cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, these results indicate that CHB maternal sera antibodies readily target an extracellular epitope of α1G T-type calcium channels in human fetal cardiomyocytes. CHB maternal sera also show reactivity for α1H suggesting that autoantibodies can target multiple fetal targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn S. Strandberg
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xuezhi Cui
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arianna Rath
- Division of Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jie Liu
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Earl D. Silverman
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoru Liu
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vinayakumar Siragam
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cameron Ackerley
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brenda Bin Su
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane Yuqing Yan
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - William Yuen
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kalvin Lung
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edgar T. Jaeggi
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter H. Backx
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles M. Deber
- Division of Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert M. Hamilton
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Scavone A, Capilupo D, Mazzocchi N, Crespi A, Zoia S, Campostrini G, Bucchi A, Milanesi R, Baruscotti M, Benedetti S, Antonini S, Messina G, DiFrancesco D, Barbuti A. Embryonic stem cell-derived CD166+ precursors develop into fully functional sinoatrial-like cells. Circ Res 2013; 113:389-98. [PMID: 23753573 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.301283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A cell-based biological pacemaker is based on the differentiation of stem cells and the selection of a population displaying the molecular and functional properties of native sinoatrial node (SAN) cardiomyocytes. So far, such selection has been hampered by the lack of proper markers. CD166 is specifically but transiently expressed in the mouse heart tube and sinus venosus, the prospective SAN. OBJECTIVE We have explored the possibility of using CD166 expression for isolating SAN progenitors from differentiating embryonic stem cells. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that in embryonic day 10.5 mouse hearts, CD166 and HCN4, markers of the pacemaker tissue, are coexpressed. Sorting embryonic stem cells for CD166 expression at differentiation day 8 selects a population of pacemaker precursors. CD166+ cells express high levels of genes involved in SAN development (Tbx18, Tbx3, Isl-1, Shox2) and function (Cx30.2, HCN4, HCN1, CaV1.3) and low levels of ventricular genes (Cx43, Kv4.2, HCN2, Nkx2.5). In culture, CD166+ cells form an autorhythmic syncytium composed of cells morphologically similar to and with the electrophysiological properties of murine SAN myocytes. Isoproterenol increases (+57%) and acetylcholine decreases (-23%) the beating rate of CD166-selected cells, which express the β-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors. In cocultures, CD166-selected cells are able to pace neonatal ventricular myocytes at a rate faster than their own. Furthermore, CD166+ cells have lost pluripotency genes and do not form teratomas in vivo. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time the isolation of a nonteratogenic population of cardiac precursors able to mature and form a fully functional SAN-like tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Scavone
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Riebeling C, Hayess K, Peters AK, Steemans M, Spielmann H, Luch A, Seiler AEM. Assaying embryotoxicity in the test tube: current limitations of the embryonic stem cell test (EST) challenging its applicability domain. Crit Rev Toxicol 2012; 42:443-64. [PMID: 22512667 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2012.674483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Testing for embryotoxicity in vitro is an attractive alternative to animal experimentation. The embryonic stem cell test (EST) is such a method, and it has been formally validated by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods. A number of recent studies have underscored the potential of this method. However, the EST performed well below the 78% accuracy expected from the validation study using a new set of chemicals and pharmaceutical compounds, and also of toxicity criteria, tested to enlarge the database of the validated EST as part of the Work Package III of the ReProTect Project funded within the 6th Framework Programme of the European Union. To assess the performance and applicability domain of the EST we present a detailed review of the substances and their effects in the EST being nitrofen, ochratoxin A, D-penicillamine, methylazoxymethanol, lovastatin, papaverine, warfarin, β-aminopropionitrile, dinoseb, furosemide, doxylamine, pravastatin, and metoclopramide. By delineation of the molecular mechanisms of the substances we identify six categories of reasons for misclassifications. Some of these limitations might also affect other in vitro methods assessing embryotoxicity. Substances that fall into these categories need to be included in future validation sets and in validation guidelines for embryotoxicity testing. Most importantly, we suggest conceivable improvements and additions to the EST which will resolve most of the limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Riebeling
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), ZEBET - Alternative Methods to Animal Experiments, Berlin, Germany
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Seya K, Kanemaru K, Matsuki M, Hongo K, Kitahara H, Kikuchi H, Oshima Y, Kubohara Y, Okumura K, Motomura S, Furukawa KI. Br-DIF-1 accelerates dimethyl sulphoxide-induced differentiation of P19CL6 embryonic carcinoma cells into cardiomyocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:870-9. [PMID: 21671902 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stem cell transplantation therapy is a promising option for treatment of severe ischaemic heart disease. Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) differentiates P19CL6 embryonic carcinoma cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells, but with low differentiation capacity. To improve the degree of this differentiation, we have assessed several derivatives of the differentiation-inducing factor-1 (DIF-1), originally found in the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, on P19CL6 cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH P19CL6 cells were cultured with each derivative and 1% DMSO for up to 16 days. Differentiation was assessed by measuring the number of beating and non-beating aggregates, and the expression of genes relevant to cardiac tissue. The mechanism of action was investigated using a T-type Ca(2+) channel blocker. KEY RESULTS Of all the DIF-1 derivatives tested only Br-DIF-1 showed any effects on cardiomyocyte differentiation. In the presence of 1% DMSO, Br-DIF-1 (0.3-3 µM) significantly and dose-dependently increased the number of spontaneously beating aggregates compared with 1% DMSO alone, by day 16. Expression of mRNA for T-type calcium channels was significantly increased by Br-DIF-1 + 1% DMSO compared with 1% DMSO alone. Mibefradil (a T-type Ca(2+) channel blocker; 100 nM) and a small interfering RNA for the T-type Ca(2+) channel both significantly decreased the beating rate of aggregates induced by Br-DIF-1 + 1% DMSO. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Br-DIF-1 accelerated the differentiation, induced by 1% DMSO, of P19CL6 cells into spontaneously beating cardiomyocyte-like cells, partly by enhancing the expression of the T-type Ca(2+) channel gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Seya
- Department of Pharmacology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Kumfu S, Chattipakorn S, Chinda K, Fucharoen S, Chattipakorn N. T-type calcium channel blockade improves survival and cardiovascular function in thalassemic mice. Eur J Haematol 2012; 88:535-48. [PMID: 22404220 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2012.01779.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Iron-overload cardiomyopathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with thalassemia. However, the precise mechanisms of iron entry and sequestration in the heart are still unclear. Our previous study showed that Fe(2+) uptake in thalassemic cardiomyocytes are mainly mediated by T-type calcium channels (TTCC). Nevertheless, the role of TTCC as well as other transporters such as divalent metal transporter1 (DMT1) and L-type calcium channels (LTCC) as possible portals for iron entry into the heart in in vivo thalassemic mice under an iron-overload condition has not been investigated. METHODS An iron-overload condition was induced in genetically altered β-thalassemic mice and adult wild-type mice by feeding them with an iron diet (0.2% ferrocene w/w) for 3 months. Then, blockers for LTCC (verapamil and nifedipine), TTCC (efonidipine), and DMT1 (ebselen) as well as iron chelator desferoxamine (DFO) were given for 1 month with continuous iron feeding. RESULTS Treatment with LTCC, TTCC, DMT1 blockers, and DFO reduced cardiac iron deposit, cardiac malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma non-transferrin-bound iron, and improved heart rate variability and left ventricular (LV) function in thalassemic mice with iron overload. Only TTCC and DMT1 blockers and DFO reduced liver iron accumulation, liver MDA, plasma MDA, and decreased mortality rate in iron-overloaded thalassemic mice. CONCLUSIONS DMT1, LTCC, and TTCC played important roles for iron entry in the thalassemic heart under an iron-overloaded condition. Unlike LTCC blocker, TTCC blocker provided all benefits including attenuating iron deposit in both the heart and liver, reduced oxidative stress, and decreased mortality in iron-overloaded mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinart Kumfu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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