1
|
Romero-Flores CF, Bustamante-Bello R, Moya Bencomo M, Martinez-Ríos EA, Montesinos L. Optical Marker-Based Motion Capture of the Human Spine: A Scoping Review of Study Design and Outcomes. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:2373-2387. [PMID: 39023832 PMCID: PMC11329589 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Biomechanical analysis of the human spine is crucial to understanding injury patterns. Motion capture technology has gained attention due to its non-invasive nature. Nevertheless, traditional motion capture studies consider the spine a single rigid segment, although its alignment changes during movement. Moreover, guidelines that indicate where markers should be placed for a specific exercise do not exist. This study aims to review the methods used to assess spine biomechanics using motion capture systems to determine the marker sets used, the protocols used, the resulting parameters, the analysed activities, and the characteristics of the studied populations. PRISMA guidelines were used to perform a Scoping Review using SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. Fifty-six journal and conference articles from 1997 to 2023 were considered for the analysis. This review showed that Plug-in-Gait is the most used marker set. The lumbar spine is the segment that generates the most interest because of its high mobility and function as a weight supporter. Furthermore, angular position and velocity are the most common outcomes when studying the spine. Walking, standing, and range of movement were the most studied activities compared to sports and work-related activities. Male and female participants were recruited similarly across all included articles. This review presents the motion capture techniques and measurement outcomes of biomechanical studies of the human spine, to help standardize the field. This work also discusses trends in marker sets, study outcomes, studied segments and segmentation approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia F Romero-Flores
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., México, 64849
| | - Rogelio Bustamante-Bello
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., México, 64849
| | - Marcos Moya Bencomo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., México, 64849.
| | - Erick Axel Martinez-Ríos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., México, 64849
| | - Luis Montesinos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., México, 64849
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Donato Z, Gonzalez D, Markowitz M, Gjolaj J. Postoperative Spinal Orthoses: Types and Outcomes. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2024; 32:211-219. [PMID: 37812569 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-23-00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postoperative bracing (POB) after spinal surgery is a common practice that has been used for many decades. In the past few years, the indications, types, and outcomes of POB have been heavily questioned after many studies revealed no consistent evidence to support or refute the use of spinal orthoses after surgery. SUMMARY Currently, there are no indications of the type, duration, or indication for many spinal orthoses and few studies have assessed their efficacy. Although much of the literature lacks adequate comparisons of brace types or specific indications, POB is still widely used for various surgical procedures. This study evaluated the current evidence concerning POB of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbosacral spine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Donato
- From the Department of Education, The University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, (Donato, and Markowitz), and the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, FL (Gonzalez, and Gjolaj)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hamada Y, Okubo Y, Hattori H, Nazuka T, Kikuchi Y, Akasaka K. Relationship between Isokinetic Trunk Muscle Strength and Return to Sports Competition after Conservative Therapy in Fresh Cases of Lumbar Spondylolysis: A Retrospective Observational Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040625. [PMID: 36833159 PMCID: PMC9957178 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the relationship between isokinetic trunk muscle strength and return to sporting activities in fresh cases of lumbar spondylolysis treated with conservative therapy. Patients included a total of ten men (age: 13.5 ± 1.7) who were instructed by their attending physicians to stop exercising and who met the eligibility criteria. Isokinetic trunk muscle strength was measured immediately after exercising for the first time (First) and one month (1M). Flexion and extension and maximum torque/body weight ratio were significantly lower First compared to 1M at all angular velocities (p < 0.05). Maximum torque generation time was significantly lower for First at 120°/s and 180°/s than at 1M (p < 0.05). Correlations with the number of days to return to sports competition were detected at 60°/s for maximum torque generation time (p < 0.05, r = 0.65). Following conservative treatment for lumbar spondylolysis, it was considered necessary to focus on trunk flexion and extension muscle strength and contraction speed of trunk flexors at the beginning of the exercise period. It was suggested that trunk extension muscle strength in the extension range might be one of the critical factors for returning to sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Hamada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 981 Kawakado, Moroyama 350-0495, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kawagoe Clinic, Saitama Medical University, 7-21 Wakitahontyo, Moroyama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yu Okubo
- Graduate School of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 981 Kawakado, Moroyama 350-0495, Japan
- School of Physical Therapy, Saitama Medical University, 981 Kawakado, Moroyama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hattori
- Graduate School of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 981 Kawakado, Moroyama 350-0495, Japan
- School of Physical Therapy, Saitama Medical University, 981 Kawakado, Moroyama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nazuka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kawagoe Clinic, Saitama Medical University, 7-21 Wakitahontyo, Moroyama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yuto Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 981 Kawakado, Moroyama 350-0495, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kawagoe Clinic, Saitama Medical University, 7-21 Wakitahontyo, Moroyama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Akasaka
- Graduate School of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 981 Kawakado, Moroyama 350-0495, Japan
- School of Physical Therapy, Saitama Medical University, 981 Kawakado, Moroyama 350-0495, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-49-295-1001
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Virkki E, Holstila M, Kolari T, Lastikka M, Mattila K, Malmi S, Pajulo O, Helenius I. Elastic Lumbar Support Versus Rigid Thoracolumbar Orthosis for Acute Pediatric Spondylolysis: A Prospective Controlled Study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2023; 48:89-96. [PMID: 35834380 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A prospective study on clinical, radiographic, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes in children with acute spondylolysis treated with a rigid thoracolumbar orthosis or with an elastic lumbar support. OBJECTIVE To compare outcomes of pediatric spondylosysis treated with a hard brace or an elastic lumbar support. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The benefits of the use of a rigid orthosis in treatment of spondylolysis are not clear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-seven consecutive children with acute spondylolysis (mean age: 14.1 yr, range: 9-17 yr) were prospectively enrolled. Patients were treated with a rigid thoracolumbar orthosis (Boston brace) or with a low-profile, elastic lumbar support. First 14 patients were randomized the remaining 43 chose brace type themselves. Treatment period was four months. Treatment outcomes included bony union of the spondylolysis assessed with a computed tomography at four months and HRQoL using the Scoliosis Research Society-24 outcome questionnaire filled out before and after the treatment. RESULTS Of the 57 patients, 54 completed the treatment protocol. Twenty-nine patients were treated using the Boston brace and 25 patients the elastic lumbar support. Bony union was obtained in 69.0% (20/29) of the Boston brace and in 60.0% (15/25) of the elastic lumbar support group patients. Difference in union rates was not significant (relative risk=1.14, 95% confidence interval: 0.44-2.98, P =0.785). There was no difference in the Scoliosis Research Society-24 total or domain scores at the end of follow-up between the treatment groups ( P >0.159 for all comparisons). In the whole cohort, the bony union did not predict better HRQoL in the end of the treatment ( P =0.869), although the pain domain improved significantly in the whole cohort ( P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS A rigid thoracolumbar orthosis did not provide any benefits over an elastic lumbar support in terms of bony union or HRQoL outcomes in children with acute spondylolysis. LEVEL OF EVIDEN 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ella Virkki
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Milja Holstila
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terhi Kolari
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Lastikka
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kimmo Mattila
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Malmi
- Department of Paediatric surgery, Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, Finland
| | - Olli Pajulo
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Helenius
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effectiveness of Lumbosacral Orthosis After Discectomy for Lumbar Disk Herniation: A Prospective Comparative Study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2023; 48:15-20. [PMID: 36083514 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A prospective comparative study. OBJECTIVE To investigate the benefits of postoperative application of lumbosacral orthosis after single-level discectomy for lumbar disk herniation (LDH). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Although many surgeons use postoperative lumbosacral orthosis for patients with LDH, there is no clear evidence to support or deny its effectiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-nine consecutive patients who underwent the microscopic discectomy were included. They were divided into two groups: orthosis group and nonorthosis group, before surgery. The recurrence rate and reoperation rate were compared between the two groups at four-week, six-month, and one-year follow-up. Japanese Orthopaedic Association Score for lumbar spine (L-JOA score) at two-week and one-year follow-up, lower extremities and low back pain's visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at six-month and one-year follow-up were compared. RESULTS Forty-two patients in the orthosis group and 39 patients in the nonorthosis group were followed up for at least one-year after surgery. Recurrence occurred in three patients (7.1%) in the orthosis group and six (15.4%) in the nonorthosis group within one-year. Two patients (4.8%) in the orthosis group and two patients (5.1%) in the nonorthosis group underwent reoperation. There were no significant intergroup differences in the recurrence rate and in the reoperation rate. No significant difference was also observed between the two groups in L-JOA score, ODI, VAS of low back pain, and leg pain at one-year after surgery. Furthermore, at any other follow-up period, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in recurrence rate, reoperation rate, L-JOA score, VAS of low back/leg pain, or ODI. CONCLUSIONS The use of a postoperative orthosis did not reduce recurrence or reoperation rates, nor did it improve postoperative clinical symptoms. The routine use of an orthosis may not be necessary after single-level lumbar discectomy.
Collapse
|
6
|
Jang SW, Yang HS, Kim YB, Yang JC, Kang KB, Kim TW, Park KH, Jeon KS, Shin HD, Kim YE, Cho HN, Lee YK, Lee Y, Lee SBN, Ahn DY, Sim WS, Jo M, Jo GJ, Park DB, Park GS. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Three Lumbosacral Orthoses on Early Spine Surgery Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study. Ann Rehabil Med 2021; 45:24-32. [PMID: 33557479 PMCID: PMC7960949 DOI: 10.5535/arm.20158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the convenience and effectiveness of the existing lumbosacral orthoses (LSO) (classic LSO and Cybertech) and a newly developed LSO (V-LSO) by analyzing postoperative data. Methods This prospective cohort study was performed from May 2019 to November 2019 and enrolled and analyzed 88 patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease scheduled for elective lumbar surgery. Three types of LSO that were provided according to the time of patient registration were applied for 6 weeks. Patients were randomized into the classic LSO group (n=31), Cybertech group (n=26), and V-LSO group (n=31). All patients were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) preoperatively and underwent plain lumbar radiography (anteroposterior and lateral views) 10 days postoperatively. Lumbar lordosis (LS angle) and frontal imbalance were measured with and without LSO. At the sixth postoperative week, a follow-up assessment with the ODI and orthosis questionnaire was conducted. Results No significant differences were found among the three groups in terms of the LS angle, frontal imbalance, ODI, and orthosis questionnaire results. When the change in the LS angle and frontal imbalance toward the reference value was defined as a positive change with and without LSO, the rate of positive change was significantly different in the V-LSO group (LS angle: 41.94% vs. 61.54% vs. 83.87%; p=0.003). Conclusion The newly developed LSO showed no difference regarding its effectiveness and compliance when compared with the existing LSO, but it was more effective in correcting lumbar lordosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Woong Jang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Seung Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Bae Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Chul Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Bok Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwan Ho Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Jeon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Dong Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye Eun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Na Cho
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seul Bin Na Lee
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Young Ahn
- Center of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Sob Sim
- Center of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jo
- Center of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyu Jik Jo
- Center of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Bum Park
- Center of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwan Su Park
- Center of Prosthetics and Orthotics, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|