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Li S, Wang K, Wang Z, Zhang W, Liu Z, Cheng Y, Zhu J, Zhong M, Hu S, Zhang Y. Application and trend of bioluminescence imaging in metabolic syndrome research. Front Chem 2023; 10:1113546. [PMID: 36700071 PMCID: PMC9868317 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1113546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging is a non-invasive technology used to visualize physiological processes in animals and is useful for studying the dynamics of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a broad spectrum of diseases which are rapidly increasing in prevalence, and is closely associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and circadian rhythm disorder. To better serve metabolic syndrome research, researchers have established a variety of animal models expressing luciferase, while also committing to finding more suitable luciferase promoters and developing more efficient luciferase-luciferin systems. In this review, we systematically summarize the applications of different models for bioluminescence imaging in the study of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirui Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,Postgraduate Department, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,Postgraduate Department, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zenglin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yugang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiankang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingwei Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Sanyuan Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Sanyuan Hu, ; Yun Zhang,
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Sanyuan Hu, ; Yun Zhang,
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Functional Imaging Using Bioluminescent Reporter Genes in Living Subjects. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Wei W, Ehlerding EB, Lan X, Luo QY, Cai W. Molecular imaging of β-cells: diabetes and beyond. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 139:16-31. [PMID: 31378283 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Since diabetes is becoming a global epidemic, there is a great need to develop early β-cell specific diagnostic techniques for this disorder. There are two types of diabetes (i.e., type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)). In T1DM, the destruction of pancreatic β-cells leads to reduced insulin production or even absolute insulin deficiency, which consequently results in hyperglycemia. Actually, a central issue in the pathophysiology of all types of diabetes is the relative reduction of β-cell mass (BCM) and/or impairment of the function of individual β-cells. In the past two decades, scientists have been trying to develop imaging techniques for noninvasive measurement of the viability and mass of pancreatic β-cells. Despite intense scientific efforts, only two tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) and one contrast agent for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are currently under clinical evaluation. β-cell specific imaging probes may also allow us to precisely and specifically visualize transplanted β-cells and to improve transplantation outcomes, as transplantation of pancreatic islets has shown promise in treating T1DM. In addition, some of these probes can be applied to the preoperative detection of hidden insulinomas as well. In the present review, we primarily summarize potential tracers under development for imaging β-cells with a focus on tracers for PET, SPECT, MRI, and optical imaging. We will discuss the advantages and limitations of the various imaging probes and extend an outlook on future developments in the field.
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Ghislain J, Fontés G, Tremblay C, Kebede MA, Poitout V. Dual-Reporter β-Cell-Specific Male Transgenic Rats for the Analysis of β-Cell Functional Mass and Enrichment by Flow Cytometry. Endocrinology 2016; 157:1299-306. [PMID: 26671180 PMCID: PMC4769371 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mouse β-cell-specific reporter lines have played a key role in diabetes research. Although the rat provides several advantages, its use has lagged behind the mouse due to the relative paucity of genetic models. In this report we describe the generation and characterization of transgenic rats expressing a Renilla luciferase (RLuc)-enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fusion under control of a 9-kb genomic fragment from the rat ins2 gene (RIP7-RLuc-YFP). Analysis of RLuc luminescence and YFP fluorescence revealed that reporter expression is restricted to β-cells in the adult rat. Physiological characteristics including body weight, fat and lean mass, fasting and fed glucose levels, glucose and insulin tolerance, and β-cell mass were similar between two RIP7-RLuc-YFP lines and wild-type littermates. Glucose-induced insulin secretion in isolated islets was indistinguishable from controls in one of the lines, whereas surprisingly, insulin secretion was defective in the second line. Consequently, subsequent studies were limited to the former line. We asked whether transgene activity was responsive to glucose as shown previously for the ins2 gene. Exposing islets ex vivo to high glucose (16.7 mM) or in vivo infusion of glucose for 24 hours increased luciferase activity in islets, whereas the fraction of YFP-positive β-cells after glucose infusion was unchanged. Finally, we showed that fluorescence-activated cell sorting of YFP-positive islet cells can be used to enrich for β-cells. Overall, this transgenic line will enable for the first time the application of both fluorescence and bioluminescence/luminescence-based approaches for the study of rat β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center (J.G., G.F., C.T., M.A.K., V.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.G., G.F., C.T., M.A.K., V.P.), and Departments of Medicine (V.P.) and Biochemistry (V.P.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Ghislaine Fontés
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center (J.G., G.F., C.T., M.A.K., V.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.G., G.F., C.T., M.A.K., V.P.), and Departments of Medicine (V.P.) and Biochemistry (V.P.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Caroline Tremblay
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center (J.G., G.F., C.T., M.A.K., V.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.G., G.F., C.T., M.A.K., V.P.), and Departments of Medicine (V.P.) and Biochemistry (V.P.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Melkam A Kebede
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center (J.G., G.F., C.T., M.A.K., V.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.G., G.F., C.T., M.A.K., V.P.), and Departments of Medicine (V.P.) and Biochemistry (V.P.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center (J.G., G.F., C.T., M.A.K., V.P.), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (J.G., G.F., C.T., M.A.K., V.P.), and Departments of Medicine (V.P.) and Biochemistry (V.P.), University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H2X 0A9
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Laurent D, Vinet L, Lamprianou S, Daval M, Filhoulaud G, Ktorza A, Wang H, Sewing S, Juretschke HP, Glombik H, Meda P, Boisgard R, Nguyen DL, Stasiuk GJ, Long NJ, Montet X, Hecht P, Kramer W, Rutter GA, Hecksher-Sørensen J. Pancreatic β-cell imaging in humans: fiction or option? Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18:6-15. [PMID: 26228188 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a growing worldwide epidemic disease, currently affecting 1 in 12 adults. Treatment of disease complications typically consumes ∼10% of healthcare budgets in developed societies. Whilst immune-mediated destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells is responsible for Type 1 diabetes, both the loss and dysfunction of these cells underly the more prevalent Type 2 diabetes. The establishment of robust drug development programmes aimed at β-cell restoration is still hampered by the absence of means to measure β-cell mass prospectively in vivo, an approach which would provide new opportunities for understanding disease mechanisms and ultimately assigning personalized treatments. In the present review, we describe the progress towards this goal achieved by the Innovative Medicines Initiative in Diabetes, a collaborative public-private consortium supported by the European Commission and by dedicated resources of pharmaceutical companies. We compare several of the available imaging methods and molecular targets and provide suggestions as to the likeliest to lead to tractable approaches. Furthermore, we discuss the simultaneous development of animal models that can be used to measure subtle changes in β-cell mass, a prerequisite for validating the clinical potential of the different imaging tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Laurent
- Biomarker Department, Clinical Imaging, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Vinet
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Lamprianou
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Daval
- Metabolic Diseases Department, Servier Research Institute, Suresnes, France
| | - G Filhoulaud
- Metabolic Diseases Department, Servier Research Institute, Suresnes, France
| | - A Ktorza
- Metabolic Diseases Department, Servier Research Institute, Suresnes, France
| | - H Wang
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - S Sewing
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - H-P Juretschke
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - H Glombik
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - P Meda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Boisgard
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Equipe d'Imagerie Moléculaire Expérimentale, Orsay, France
| | - D L Nguyen
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Equipe d'Imagerie Moléculaire Expérimentale, Orsay, France
| | - G J Stasiuk
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - N J Long
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - X Montet
- Department of Radiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Hecht
- IMIDIA Project Office, Graz, Austria
| | - W Kramer
- Scientific Consultant for Sanofi Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - G A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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Nishimura W, Eto K, Miki A, Goto M, Kawaguchi M, Nammo T, Udagawa H, Hiramoto M, Shimizu Y, Okamura T, Fujiwara T, Yasuda Y, Yasuda K. Quantitative assessment of Pdx1 promoter activity in vivo using a secreted luciferase reporter system. Endocrinology 2013; 154:4388-95. [PMID: 24029239 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The luciferase reporter system is useful for the assessment of various biological processes in vivo. The transcription factor pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) is critical for the formation and the function of pancreatic β-cells. A novel reporter system using secreted Gaussia princeps luciferase (GLuc) under the control of a Pdx1 promoter was generated and activated in rat and mouse β-cell lines. This Pdx1-GLuc construct was used as a transgene for the generation of reporter mice to monitor Pdx1 promoter activity in vivo via the measurement of secreted GLuc activity in a small aliquot of blood. Significantly increased plasma GLuc activity was observed in Pdx1-GLuc mice. Analysis of Pdx1-GLuc mice by bioluminescence imaging, GLuc reporter assays using homogenates of various organs, and immunohistochemistry revealed that GLuc expression and activity were exponentially higher in pancreatic β-cells than in pancreatic non-β-cells, the duodenum, and other organs. In addition, GLuc activity secreted into the culture medium from islets isolated from Pdx1-GLuc mice correlated with the number of islets. The transplantation of Pdx1-GLuc islets into severe combined immunodeficiency mice elevated their plasma GLuc activity. Conversely, a partial pancreatectomy in Pdx1-GLuc mice reduced plasma GLuc activity. These results suggest that a secreted luciferase reporter system in vivo enables not only the monitoring of promoter activity but also a quantitative and minimally invasive assessment of physiological and pathological changes in small cell masses, such as pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Nishimura
- Department of Metabolic Disorders, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
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Chen J, Feigenbaum L, Awasthi P, Butcher DO, Anver MR, Golubeva YG, Bamford R, Zhang X, St. Claire MB, Thomas CJ, Discepolo V, Jabri B, Waldmann TA. Insulin-dependent diabetes induced by pancreatic beta cell expression of IL-15 and IL-15Rα. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:13534-9. [PMID: 23904478 PMCID: PMC3746870 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1312911110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased serum levels of IL-15 are reported in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Here we report elevated serum soluble IL-15Rα levels in human T1D. To investigate the role of IL-15/IL-15Rα in the pathogenesis of T1D, we generated double transgenic mice with pancreatic β-cell expression of IL-15 and IL-15Rα. The mice developed hyperglycemia, marked mononuclear cell infiltration, β-cell destruction, and anti-insulin autoantibodies that mimic early human T1D. The diabetes in this model was reversed by inhibiting IL-15 signaling with anti-IL2/IL15Rβ (anti-CD122), which blocks IL-15 transpresentation. Furthermore, the diabetes could be reversed by administration of the Janus kinase 2/3 inhibitor tofacitinib, which blocks IL-15 signaling. In an alternative diabetes model, nonobese diabetic mice, IL15/IL-15Rα expression was increased in islet cells in the prediabetic stage, and inhibition of IL-15 signaling with anti-CD122 at the prediabetic stage delayed diabetes development. In support of the view that these observations reflect the conditions in humans, we demonstrated pancreatic islet expression of both IL-15 and IL-15Rα in human T1D. Taken together our data suggest that disordered IL-15 and IL-15Rα may be involved in T1D pathogenesis and the IL-15/IL15Rα system and its signaling pathway may be rational therapeutic targets for early T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-1374
| | - Lionel Feigenbaum
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Parirokh Awasthi
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Donna O. Butcher
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Miriam R. Anver
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Yelena G. Golubeva
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | | | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Science Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mark B. St. Claire
- Laboratory Animal Science Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Craig J. Thomas
- National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Valentina Discepolo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; and
- Department of Pediatrics, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Bana Jabri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; and
| | - Thomas A. Waldmann
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-1374
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Yin H, Park SY, Wang XJ, Misawa R, Grossman EJ, Tao J, Zhong R, Witkowski P, Bell GI, Chong AS. Enhancing pancreatic Beta-cell regeneration in vivo with pioglitazone and alogliptin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65777. [PMID: 23762423 PMCID: PMC3675063 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/Hypothesis Pancreatic beta-cells retain limited ability to regenerate and proliferate after various physiologic triggers. Identifying therapies that are able to enhance beta-cell regeneration may therefore be useful for the treatment of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Methods In this study we investigated endogenous and transplanted beta-cell regeneration by serially quantifying changes in bioluminescence from beta-cells from transgenic mice expressing firefly luciferase under the control of the mouse insulin I promoter. We tested the ability of pioglitazone and alogliptin, two drugs developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, to enhance beta-cell regeneration, and also defined the effect of the immunosuppression with rapamycin and tacrolimus on transplanted islet beta mass. Results Pioglitazone is a stimulator of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma while alogliptin is a selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor. Pioglitazone alone, or in combination with alogliptin, enhanced endogenous beta-cell regeneration in streptozotocin-treated mice, while alogliptin alone had modest effects. In a model of syngeneic islet transplantation, immunosuppression with rapamycin and tacrolimus induced an early loss of beta-cell mass, while treatment with insulin implants to maintain normoglycemia and pioglitazone plus alogliptin was able to partially promote beta-cell mass recovery. Conclusions/Interpretation These data highlight the utility of bioluminescence for serially quantifying functional beta-cell mass in living mice. They also demonstrate the ability of pioglitazone, used either alone or in combination with alogliptin, to enhance regeneration of endogenous islet beta-cells as well as transplanted islets into recipients treated with rapamycin and tacrolimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Soo-Young Park
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Jun Wang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ryosuke Misawa
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Cellular Transplantation, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Grossman
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Northwestern University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Piotr Witkowski
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Graeme I. Bell
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Anita S. Chong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Katsumata T, Oishi H, Sekiguchi Y, Nagasaki H, Daassi D, Tai PH, Ema M, Kudo T, Takahashi S. Bioluminescence imaging of β cells and intrahepatic insulin gene activity under normal and pathological conditions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60411. [PMID: 23593212 PMCID: PMC3617225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In diabetes research, bioluminescence imaging (BLI) has been applied in studies of β-cell impairment, development, and islet transplantation. To develop a mouse model that enables noninvasive imaging of β cells, we generated a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mouse in which a mouse 200-kbp genomic fragment comprising the insulin I gene drives luciferase expression (Ins1-luc BAC transgenic mouse). BLI of mice was performed using the IVIS Spectrum system after intraperitoneal injection of luciferin, and the bioluminescence signal from the pancreatic region analyzed. When compared with MIP-Luc-VU mice [FVB/N-Tg(Ins1-luc)VUPwrs/J] expressing luciferase under the control of the 9.2-kbp mouse insulin I promoter (MIP), the bioluminescence emission from Ins1-luc BAC transgenic mice was enhanced approximately 4-fold. Streptozotocin-treated Ins1-luc BAC transgenic mice developed severe diabetes concomitant with a sharp decline in the BLI signal intensity in the pancreas. Conversely, mice fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks showed an increase in the signal, reflecting a decrease or increase in the β-cell mass. Although the bioluminescence intensity of the islets correlated well with the number of isolated islets in vitro, the intensity obtained from a living mouse in vivo did not necessarily reflect an absolute quantification of the β-cell mass under pathological conditions. On the other hand, adenovirus-mediated gene transduction of β-cell-related transcription factors in Ins1-luc BAC transgenic mice generated luminescence from the hepatic region for more than 1 week. These results demonstrate that BLI in Ins1-luc BAC transgenic mice provides a noninvasive method of imaging islet β cells and extrapancreatic activity of the insulin gene in the liver under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokio Katsumata
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hisashi Oishi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukari Sekiguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Haruka Nagasaki
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Dhouha Daassi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Pei-Han Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Virostko J, Radhika A, Poffenberger G, Dula AN, Moore DJ, Powers AC. Bioluminescence imaging reveals dynamics of beta cell loss in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57784. [PMID: 23483929 PMCID: PMC3590285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We generated a mouse model (MIP-Luc-VU-NOD) that enables non-invasive bioluminescence imaging (BLI) of beta cell loss during the progression of autoimmune diabetes and determined the relationship between BLI and disease progression. MIP-Luc-VU-NOD mice displayed insulitis and a decline in bioluminescence with age which correlated with beta cell mass, plasma insulin, and pancreatic insulin content. Bioluminescence declined gradually in female MIP-Luc-VU-NOD mice, reaching less than 50% of the initial BLI at 10 weeks of age, whereas hyperglycemia did not ensue until mice were at least 16 weeks old. Mice that did not become diabetic maintained insulin secretion and had less of a decline in bioluminescence than mice that became diabetic. Bioluminescence measurements predicted a decline in beta cell mass prior to the onset of hyperglycemia and tracked beta cell loss. This model should be useful for investigating the fundamental processes underlying autoimmune diabetes and developing new therapies targeting beta cell protection and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Virostko
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JV); (AP)
| | - Armandla Radhika
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Greg Poffenberger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Adrienne N. Dula
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Moore
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Alvin C. Powers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JV); (AP)
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11
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Visualizing the location and the dynamics of gene expression in living animals through bioluminescence imaging. Methods Cell Biol 2013. [PMID: 23317896 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407239-8.00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging allows for real-time assessment of gene expression in vivo in models where luciferase expression is controlled by promoter elements of gene of interest. It provides a sensitive means of recording temporal and spatial resolution of gene expression. In this Chapter, protocols for the use of the bioluminescence imaging system in localizing and semi-quantitatively measuring gene expression in mice are discussed.
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Sekiguchi Y, Owada J, Oishi H, Katsumata T, Ikeda K, Kudo T, Takahashi S. Noninvasive monitoring of β-cell mass and fetal β-cell genesis in mice using bioluminescence imaging. Exp Anim 2012; 61:445-51. [PMID: 22850644 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.61.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) has been applied in gene therapy and research to screen for transgene expression, progression of infection, tumor growth and metastasis, and transplantation. It enables real-time and relatively noninvasive localization and serial quantification of biological processes in experimental animals. In diabetes research, BLI has been employed for the quantification of β-cell mass, monitoring of islet graft survival after transplantation, and detection of reporter gene expression. Here, we explore the use of BLI in a transgenic mouse expressing luciferase under the control of the mouse insulin 1 promoter (MIP-Luc-VU). A previous report on MIP-Luc-VU mice showed luminescence intensities emitted from the islets correlated well with the number of islets in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we showed MIP-Luc-VU mice fed a high fat diet for 8 weeks gave rise to a greater bioluminescent signal than mice fed a regular diet for the same period of time. Conversely, there was a strong reduction in the signal observed in diabetic Mafa-deficient/Mafk-transgenic mutant mice and streptozotocin-treated mice, reflecting the loss of β-cells. Furthermore, we were able to monitor fetal β-cell genesis in MIP-Luc-VU mice during the late gestational stage in a noninvasive and repetitive manner. In summary, we show that bioluminescence imaging of mice expressing a β-cell specific reporter allows detection of changes in β-cell mass and visualization of fetal β-cell neogenesis in uteri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Sekiguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1–1–1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Malaisse WJ, Maedler K. Imaging of the β-cells of the islets of Langerhans. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 98:11-8. [PMID: 22854107 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The major aim of this paper is to review the present status of the techniques for the non-invasive imaging and quantification of insulin-producing pancreatic islet β-cells. Emphasis is placed on both the expansion of prior work already considered in a prior review and novel achievements. Thus, the use of d-mannoheptulose analogs, hypoglycemic sulfonylureas and glinides, neural imaging agents, neuro-hormonal receptor ligands and nanoparticles is first dealt with. Thereafter, consideration is given on optical imaging technologies, the identification of new β-cells specific binding and target proteins, the functional imaging of islets transplanted into the eye anterior chamber and in vivo manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy J Malaisse
- Laboratory of Experimental Hormonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Whitlock KA, Kozicky L, Jin A, Yee H, Ha C, Morris J, Field CJ, Bell RC, Ozga JA, Chan CB. Assessment of the mechanisms exerting glucose-lowering effects of dried peas in glucose-intolerant rats. Br J Nutr 2012; 108 Suppl 1:S91-102. [PMID: 22916820 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512000736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study compared the effects of feeding uncooked pea fractions (embryo v. seed coat) on glucose homeostasis in glucose-intolerant rats and examined potential mechanisms influencing glucose homeostasis. Rats were made glucose intolerant by high-fat feeding, after which diets containing both high-fat and pea fractions were fed for 4 weeks. Rats fed diets containing uncooked pea seed coats low (non-coloured seed coat; NSC) or high (coloured seed coat; CSC) in proanthocyanidins but not embryos had improved oral glucose tolerance (P < 0·05). NSC also lowered fasting and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (P < 0·05), decreased β-cell mass by 50 % (P < 0·05) and lowered levels of malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress. Furthermore, NSC decreased the mucosal thickness of the colon by 25 % (P < 0·05), which might affect fibre fermentation and other gut functions. Small but statistically significant (P < 0·05) effects consistent with enhanced glucose transport or metabolism were observed in the skeletal muscle of rats fed NSC or CSC, for example, increased levels of AMP-dependent kinase or akt. We conclude that pea seed coats are the fraction exerting beneficial effects on glucose tolerance. Most of the changes were small in amplitude, suggesting that additive effects on multiple tissues may be important. NSC content appeared to have the most beneficial effects in improving glucose homeostasis but our ability to detect the effect of flavonoids may have been limited by their low concentration in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Whitlock
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3
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Yong J, Rasooly J, Dang H, Lu Y, Middleton B, Zhang Z, Hon L, Namavari M, Stout DB, Atkinson MA, Tian J, Gambhir SS, Kaufman DL. Multimodality imaging of β-cells in mouse models of type 1 and 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2011; 60:1383-92. [PMID: 21441442 PMCID: PMC3292311 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE β-Cells that express an imaging reporter have provided powerful tools for studying β-cell development, islet transplantation, and β-cell autoimmunity. To further expedite diabetes research, we generated transgenic C57BL/6 "MIP-TF" mice that have a mouse insulin promoter (MIP) driving the expression of a trifusion (TF) protein of three imaging reporters (luciferase/enhanced green fluorescent protein/HSV1-sr39 thymidine kinase) in their β-cells. This should enable the noninvasive imaging of β-cells by charge-coupled device (CCD) and micro-positron emission tomography (PET), as well as the identification of β-cells at the cellular level by fluorescent microscopy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS MIP-TF mouse β-cells were multimodality imaged in models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. RESULTS MIP-TF mouse β-cells were readily identified in pancreatic tissue sections using fluorescent microscopy. We show that MIP-TF β-cells can be noninvasively imaged using microPET. There was a correlation between CCD and microPET signals from the pancreas region of individual mice. After low-dose streptozotocin administration to induce type 1 diabetes, we observed a progressive reduction in bioluminescence from the pancreas region before the appearance of hyperglycemia. Although there have been reports of hyperglycemia inducing proinsulin expression in extrapancreatic tissues, we did not observe bioluminescent signals from extrapancreatic tissues of diabetic MIP-TF mice. Because MIP-TF mouse β-cells express a viral thymidine kinase, ganciclovir treatment induced hyperglycemia, providing a new experimental model of type 1 diabetes. Mice fed a high-fat diet to model early type 2 diabetes displayed a progressive increase in their pancreatic bioluminescent signals, which were positively correlated with area under the curve-intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (AUC-IPGTT). CONCLUSIONS MIP-TF mice provide a new tool for monitoring β-cells from the single cell level to noninvasive assessments of β-cells in models of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yong
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Julia Rasooly
- Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Hoa Dang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yuxin Lu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Blake Middleton
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zesong Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Larry Hon
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mohammad Namavari
- Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - David B. Stout
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark A. Atkinson
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jide Tian
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Departments of Radiology, Bioengineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Daniel L. Kaufman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Corresponding author: Daniel L. Kaufman,
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Sever D, Eldor R, Sadoun G, Amior L, Dubois D, Boitard C, Aflalo C, Melloul D. Evaluation of impaired beta-cell function in nonobese-diabetic (NOD) mouse model using bioluminescence imaging. FASEB J 2010; 25:676-84. [PMID: 21118902 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-158121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-producing pancreatic β cells are functionally impaired or destroyed in diabetes mellitus. The onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) represents the culmination of a prolonged prediabetic phase of immune-mediated β-cell destruction. To assess the in vivo metabolic status of these cells, we used the ATP-sensitive firefly luciferase bioluminescence imaging approach, as a noninvasive probe to monitor pathological alterations in β-cell function in the nonobese-diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D. Hence, we generated the ToIβ-NOD transgenic mice in which doxycycline-inducible luciferase gene is selectively expressed in β cells. A sharp reduction in bioluminescence emitted in vivo from β cells at the early stages, preceded by several weeks of a limited reduction in β-cell mass. Since this decline could be due to the ongoing inflammatory process occurring in vivo, we exposed control islets to inflammatory cytokines and observed a dramatic decrease in luciferase luminescence, which appears to be due in part to a decrease in protein levels and a drop in intracellular ATP levels. This is the first evidence that selective expression of the luciferase gene represents a sensitive method for noninvasive in vivo monitoring of early β-cell dysfunction, subtle metabolic changes, such as endogenous ATP levels, indicative of a pathological condition in a tissue at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dror Sever
- Department of Endocrinology, Hadassah University Hospital, P.O. Box 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
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Pang Z, Wu N, Zhang X, Avallone R, Croci T, Dressler H, Palejwala V, Ferrara P, Tocci MJ, Polites HG. GPR40 is partially required for insulin secretion following activation of beta3-adrenergic receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 325:18-25. [PMID: 20416356 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The free fatty acid (FFA) receptor GPR40, expressed by pancreatic beta-cells, may be responsible for insulin release following beta(3) adrenoceptor (Adrb3) activation. To test this hypothesis, we first studied the effects of Adrb3 agonists SR58611A and CL316,243 in GPR40 knockout (GPR40(-/-)) mice. Both drugs increased blood FFA levels in wild-type (GPR40(+/+)) and GPR40(-/-) mice, indicating that lipolysis is not GPR40-dependent. However, the magnitude of the insulin response after agonist treatment was decreased by approximately 50% in GPR40(-/-) mice. Analysis of the time-course revealed that the change in FFAs (5-10 min post-treatment) in response to SR58611A preceded insulin secretion (10-15 min post-treatment). While reduced by agonist treatment, glucose levels in GPR40(-/-) mice remained significantly higher than in GPR40(+/+) mice. Energy expenditure, food intake, or body weight was not affected in GPR40(-/-) mice, whereas SR58611A increased energy metabolism. Furthermore, CL316,243 did not potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in isolated mouse islets or activate a cAMP reporter in transgenic mice. Our data indicate that insulin secretion, a secondary event following stimulation of Adrb3 receptors, is partially mediated by GPR40 and suggest that GPR40 is integral to the anti-diabetes effects of Adrb3 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Pang
- Department of Biological Sciences, sanofi-aventis, 1041 Route 202-206, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA.
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Wong WPS, Tiano JP, Liu S, Hewitt SC, Le May C, Dalle S, Katzenellenbogen JA, Katzenellenbogen BS, Korach KS, Mauvais-Jarvis F. Extranuclear estrogen receptor-alpha stimulates NeuroD1 binding to the insulin promoter and favors insulin synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:13057-62. [PMID: 20616010 PMCID: PMC2919966 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0914501107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERs) protect pancreatic islet survival in mice through rapid extranuclear actions. ERalpha also enhances insulin synthesis in cultured islets. Whether ERalpha stimulates insulin synthesis in vivo and, if so, through which mechanism(s) remain largely unknown. To address these issues, we generated a pancreas-specific ERalpha knockout mouse (PERalpha KO(-/-)) using the Cre-loxP strategy and used a combination of genetic and pharmacologic tools in cultured islets and beta cells. Whereas 17beta-estradiol (E2) treatment up-regulates pancreatic insulin gene and protein content in control ERalpha lox/lox mice, these E2 effects are abolished in PERalpha KO(-/-) mice. We find that E2-activated ERalpha increases insulin synthesis by enhancing glucose stimulation of the insulin promoter activity. Using a knock-in mouse with a mutated ERalpha eliminating binding to the estrogen response elements (EREs), we show that E2 stimulation of insulin synthesis is independent of the ERE. We find that the extranuclear ERalpha interacts with the tyrosine kinase Src, which activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases(1/2), to increase nuclear localization and binding to the insulin promoter of the transcription factor NeuroD1. This study supports the importance of ERalpha in beta cells as a regulator of insulin synthesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph P. Tiano
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine and
| | - Suhuan Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine and
- Comprehensive Center on Obesity, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Sylvia C. Hewitt
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Cedric Le May
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine and
| | - Stéphane Dalle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U661, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier 34094, France; and
| | | | | | - Kenneth S. Korach
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine and
- Comprehensive Center on Obesity, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
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Gao Q, Ma LL, Gao X, Yan W, Williams P, Yin DP. TLR4 mediates early graft failure after intraportal islet transplantation. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:1588-96. [PMID: 20642685 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that islet emboli in the portal vein block blood flow and induce local inflammatory reaction, resulting in functional loss of islet grafts following intraportal transplantation. This study was designed to test whether Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation mediates early islet graft failure. Syngeneic islet grafts were transplanted into chemically induced diabetic mice, and TLR deficient mice were used as donors and/or recipients of islet grafts. Islet viability, proinflammatory cytokines, high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and NF-kappaB activation were analyzed by bioluminesce imaging (BLI), quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and histology. Early islet graft failure was observed in mice with intraportal islet engrafts with increased proinflammatory cytokines, HMGB1 expression, NF-kappaB activation, caspase-3 and TUNEL positive cells. Deficiency of TLR4 in donor, but not in recipient, inhibited NF-kappaB activation, reduced proinflammatory cytokines and improved viability of islet grafts. Blockade of HMGB1 with anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (mAb, 2g7) inhibited inflammatory reactions, as evidenced by reduced TNFalpha and IL-1ss production, and improved islet viability. We conclude that TLR4 activation mediates early graft failure following intraportal islet transplantation. Inhibition of TLR4 activation represents a novel strategy to attenuate early graft failure following intraportal islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Gao
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Ahlgren U, Gotthardt M. Approaches for imaging islets: recent advances and future prospects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 654:39-57. [PMID: 20217493 DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3271-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of improved technologies for imaging of the pancreas is a key element in addressing several aspects of diabetes pathogenesis. In this respect, the development of a protocol that allows for non-invasive scoring of human islets, or islet beta-cells, is of particular importance. The development of such a technology would have profound impact on both clinical and experimental medicine, ranging from early diagnosis of diabetes to the evaluation of therapeutic regimes. Another important task is the development of modalities for high-resolution imaging of experimental animal models for diabetes. Rodent models for diabetes research have for decades been instrumental to the diabetes research community. The ability to image, and to accurately quantify, key players of diabetogenic processes with molecular specificity will be of great importance for elucidating mechanistic aspects of the disease. This chapter aims to overview current progress within these research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Ahlgren
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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21
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Malosio ML, Esposito A, Poletti A, Chiaretti S, Piemonti L, Melzi R, Nano R, Tedoldi F, Canu T, Santambrogio P, Brigatti C, De Cobelli F, Maffi P, Secchi A, Del Maschio A. Improving the procedure for detection of intrahepatic transplanted islets by magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:2372-82. [PMID: 19681816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is an effective therapy for restoring normoglycemia in type-1 diabetes, but long-term islet graft function is achieved only in a minority of cases. Noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging of pancreatic islets is an attractive option for "real-time" monitoring of graft evolution. So far, previous studies have been performed in the absence of a standardized labeling procedure and, besides a feasibility study in patients, the effectiveness and safety of various labeling approaches were tested only with high field magnets (4.7 T). In this study, we addressed: (a) standardization of a labeling procedure for human islets with clinically-approved contrast agent Endorem, (b) safety aspects of labeling related to inflammation and (c) quality of imaging both at 7 T and 1.5 T. We have highlighted that the ratio of Endorem/islet is crucial for reproducible labeling, with a ratio of 2.24 ug/IEQ, allowing successful in vivo imaging both with 1.5 T and 7.0 T magnets up to 143 days after intrahepatic transplant. With this standardized labeling procedure, labeled islets are neither inflamed nor more susceptible to inflammatory insults than unlabeled ones. This report represents an important contribution towards the development of a standardized and safe clinical protocol for the noninvasive imaging of transplanted islets in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Malosio
- HSR-DRI, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
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22
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Bioluminescence imaging in mouse models quantifies beta cell mass in the pancreas and after islet transplantation. Mol Imaging Biol 2009; 12:42-53. [PMID: 19548035 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-009-0240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 02/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We developed a mouse model that enables non-invasive assessment of changes in beta cell mass. PROCEDURES We generated a transgenic mouse expressing luciferase under control of the mouse insulin I promoter [mouse insulin promoter-luciferase-Vanderbilt University (MIP-Luc-VU)] and characterized this model in mice with increased or decreased beta cell mass and after islet transplantation. RESULTS Streptozotocin-induced, diabetic MIP-Luc-VU mice had a progressive decline in bioluminescence that correlated with a decrease in beta cell mass. MIP-Luc-VU animals fed a high-fat diet displayed a progressive increase in bioluminescence that reflected an increase in beta cell mass. MIP-Luc-VU islets transplanted beneath the renal capsule or into the liver emitted bioluminescence proportional to the number of islets transplanted and could be imaged for more than a year. CONCLUSIONS Bioluminescence in the MIP-Luc-VU mouse model is proportional to beta cell mass in the setting of increased and decreased beta cell mass and after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Virostko
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alvin C. Powers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, and VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
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Holmberg D, Ahlgren U. Imaging the pancreas: from ex vivo to non-invasive technology. Diabetologia 2008; 51:2148-54. [PMID: 18777169 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While many recently published reviews have covered non-invasive nuclear imaging techniques, the aim of this review is to focus on current developments in optical imaging technologies for investigating the pancreas. Several of these modalities are being developed into non-invasive, real-time monitoring routines for pancreatic diseases. However, they also provide pre-clinical ex vivo and/or intravital tools for three-dimensional quantitative assessments of cellular and molecular events, with levels of specificity and resolution difficult to achieve with other currently available modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Holmberg
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, S-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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Abstract
The ability to image the pancreatic islet in vivo would enhance our understanding of diabetes and accelerate improvements in islet transplantation. However, the small size of islets and their diffuse distribution (both natively and after transplantation) present formidable challenges for current imaging techniques. This article reviews the relative merits and shortcomings of several imaging modalities in humans and in animal models of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Virostko
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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