1
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Esteves JV, Stanford KI. Exercise as a tool to mitigate metabolic disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C587-C598. [PMID: 38981607 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00144.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, notably obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), have reached alarming proportions and constitute a significant global health challenge, emphasizing the urgent need for effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. In contrast, exercise training emerges as a potent intervention, exerting numerous positive effects on metabolic health through adaptations to the metabolic tissues. Here, we reviewed the major features of our current understanding with respect to the intricate interplay between metabolic diseases and key metabolic tissues, including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver, describing some of the main underlying mechanisms driving pathogenesis, as well as the role of exercise to combat and treat obesity and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Victor Esteves
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Division of General and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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2
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Huang S, He H, Tom RZ, Glasl S, Anzenhofer P, Stiel AC, Hofmann SM, Ntziachristos V. Non-invasive optoacoustic imaging of dermal microcirculatory revascularization in diet-induced obese mice undergoing exercise intervention. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2024; 38:100628. [PMID: 39055739 PMCID: PMC11269314 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2024.100628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Microcirculatory dysfunction has been observed in the dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) of obese humans and has been proposed as an early prediction marker for cardio-metabolic disease progression. In-vivo visualization and longitudinal monitoring of microvascular remodeling in these tissues remains challenging. We compare the performance of two optoacoustic imaging methods, i.e. multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) and raster-scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM) in visualizing lipid and hemoglobin contrast in scWAT and dWAT in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) undergoing voluntary wheel running intervention for 32 weeks. MSOT visualized lipid and hemoglobin contrast in murine fat depots in a quantitative manner even at early stages of DIO. We show for the first time to our knowledge that RSOM allows precise visualization of the dWAT microvasculature and provides quantitative readouts of skin layer thickness and vascular density in dWAT and dermis. Combination of MSOT and RSOM resolved exercise-induced morphological changes in microvasculature density, tissue oxygen saturation, lipid and blood volume content in dWAT and scWAT. The combination of MSOT and RSOM may allow precise monitoring of microcirculatory dysfunction and intervention response in dWAT and scWAT in a mouse model for DIO. Our findings have laid out the foundation for future clinical studies using optoacoustic-derived vascular readouts from adipose tissues as a biomarker for monitoring microcirculatory function in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hailong He
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robby Zachariah Tom
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Glasl
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pia Anzenhofer
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andre C. Stiel
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- University of Regensburg, Faculty for Biology, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanna M. Hofmann
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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3
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Vamvini M, Nigro P, Caputo T, Stanford KI, Hirshman MF, Middelbeek RJW, Goodyear LJ. Exercise training and cold exposure trigger distinct molecular adaptations to inguinal white adipose tissue. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114481. [PMID: 39003734 PMCID: PMC11309084 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise training and cold exposure both improve systemic metabolism, but the mechanisms are not well established. Here, we tested the hypothesis that inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) adaptations are critical for these beneficial effects and determined the impact of exercise-trained and cold-exposed iWAT on systemic glucose metabolism and the iWAT proteome and secretome. Transplanting trained iWAT into sedentary mice improves glucose tolerance, while cold-exposed iWAT transplantation shows no such benefit. Compared to training, cold leads to more pronounced alterations in the iWAT proteome and secretome, downregulating >2,000 proteins but also boosting the thermogenic capacity of iWAT. In contrast, only training increases extracellular space and vesicle transport proteins, and only training upregulates proteins that correlate with favorable fasting glucose, suggesting fundamental changes in trained iWAT that mediate tissue-to-tissue communication. This study defines the unique exercise training- and cold exposure-induced iWAT proteomes, revealing distinct mechanisms for the beneficial effects of these interventions on metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vamvini
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pasquale Nigro
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiziana Caputo
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roeland J W Middelbeek
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Nair VD, Pincas H, Smith GR, Zaslavsky E, Ge Y, Amper MAS, Vasoya M, Chikina M, Sun Y, Raja AN, Mao W, Gay NR, Esser KA, Smith KS, Zhao B, Wiel L, Singh A, Lindholm ME, Amar D, Montgomery S, Snyder MP, Walsh MJ, Sealfon SC. Molecular adaptations in response to exercise training are associated with tissue-specific transcriptomic and epigenomic signatures. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100421. [PMID: 38697122 PMCID: PMC11228891 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Regular exercise has many physical and brain health benefits, yet the molecular mechanisms mediating exercise effects across tissues remain poorly understood. Here we analyzed 400 high-quality DNA methylation, ATAC-seq, and RNA-seq datasets from eight tissues from control and endurance exercise-trained (EET) rats. Integration of baseline datasets mapped the gene location dependence of epigenetic control features and identified differing regulatory landscapes in each tissue. The transcriptional responses to 8 weeks of EET showed little overlap across tissues and predominantly comprised tissue-type enriched genes. We identified sex differences in the transcriptomic and epigenomic changes induced by EET. However, the sex-biased gene responses were linked to shared signaling pathways. We found that many G protein-coupled receptor-encoding genes are regulated by EET, suggesting a role for these receptors in mediating the molecular adaptations to training across tissues. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying EET-induced health benefits across organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopalan D Nair
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Hanna Pincas
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gregory R Smith
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elena Zaslavsky
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yongchao Ge
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mary Anne S Amper
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mital Vasoya
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maria Chikina
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yifei Sun
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Weiguang Mao
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicole R Gay
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kevin S Smith
- Departments of Pathology and Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bingqing Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Laurens Wiel
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aditya Singh
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Malene E Lindholm
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David Amar
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephen Montgomery
- Departments of Pathology and Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Martin J Walsh
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Stuart C Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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5
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Yao Z, Liang S, Chen J, Dai Y, Zhang H, Li H, Chen W. A Combination of Exercise and Yogurt Intake Protects Mice against Obesity by Synergistic Promotion of Adipose Browning. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38857171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Exercise exerts many beneficial effects on obesity, but the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report a previously unidentified role of the lactate receptor GPR81 in exercise. We observed that GPR81 was significantly up-regulated in white adipose tissues (WAT) upon exercise training in both lean and obese mice. Exercise could induce thermogenesis and beige adipocyte development, whereas such an effect was markedly impaired by the deficiency of GPR81. Furthermore, the activation of GPR81 by exercise and lactate supplementation (250 or 500 mg/kg) yielded a synergistic enhancement of WAT browning and thermogenesis. Yogurt is a dairy product enriched with lactate. A combination of exercise and yogurt intake (20 g/kg) synergistically protected mice against high-fat-diet-induced obesity, as evidenced by decreased body weight, ameliorative dyslipidemia, improved glucose tolerance, and reduced hepatic steatosis. Mechanistically, lactate-GPR81 axis might aid in the norepinephrine-stimulated beige adipocyte biogenesis cascade via the Ca2+/CaMK pathway. Together, these findings reveal the critical role of lactate-GPR81 signaling in exercise-induced WAT browning and provide a new strategy for personalized diet and lifestyle interventions for obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuxiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yufeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Haitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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6
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Shao H, Zhang H, Jia D. The Role of Exerkines in Obesity-Induced Disruption of Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Thermogenic Fat. Metabolites 2024; 14:287. [PMID: 38786764 PMCID: PMC11122964 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a notable correlation between mitochondrial homeostasis and metabolic disruption. In this review, we report that obesity-induced disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis adversely affects lipid metabolism, adipocyte differentiation, oxidative capacity, inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and thermogenesis in thermogenic fat. Elevating mitochondrial homeostasis in thermogenic fat emerges as a promising avenue for developing treatments for metabolic diseases, including enhanced mitochondrial function, mitophagy, mitochondrial uncoupling, and mitochondrial biogenesis. The exerkines (e.g., myokines, adipokines, batokines) released during exercise have the potential to ameliorate mitochondrial homeostasis, improve glucose and lipid metabolism, and stimulate fat browning and thermogenesis as a defense against obesity-associated metabolic diseases. This comprehensive review focuses on the manifold benefits of exercise-induced exerkines, particularly emphasizing their influence on mitochondrial homeostasis and fat thermogenesis in the context of metabolic disorders associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.)
- Graduate School of Harbin Sport University, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Dandan Jia
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (H.S.); (H.Z.)
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7
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Many GM, Sanford JA, Sagendorf TJ, Hou Z, Nigro P, Whytock KL, Amar D, Caputo T, Gay NR, Gaul DA, Hirshman MF, Jimenez-Morales D, Lindholm ME, Muehlbauer MJ, Vamvini M, Bergman BC, Fernández FM, Goodyear LJ, Hevener AL, Ortlund EA, Sparks LM, Xia A, Adkins JN, Bodine SC, Newgard CB, Schenk S. Sexual dimorphism and the multi-omic response to exercise training in rat subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Nat Metab 2024; 6:963-979. [PMID: 38693320 PMCID: PMC11132991 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00959-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is a dynamic storage and secretory organ that regulates systemic homeostasis, yet the impact of endurance exercise training (ExT) and sex on its molecular landscape is not fully established. Utilizing an integrative multi-omics approach, and leveraging data generated by the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC), we show profound sexual dimorphism in the scWAT of sedentary rats and in the dynamic response of this tissue to ExT. Specifically, the scWAT of sedentary females displays -omic signatures related to insulin signaling and adipogenesis, whereas the scWAT of sedentary males is enriched in terms related to aerobic metabolism. These sex-specific -omic signatures are preserved or amplified with ExT. Integration of multi-omic analyses with phenotypic measures identifies molecular hubs predicted to drive sexually distinct responses to training. Overall, this study underscores the powerful impact of sex on adipose tissue biology and provides a rich resource to investigate the scWAT response to ExT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Many
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - James A Sanford
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Tyler J Sagendorf
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Zhenxin Hou
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pasquale Nigro
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katie L Whytock
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - David Amar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tiziana Caputo
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole R Gay
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David A Gaul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Jimenez-Morales
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Malene E Lindholm
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maria Vamvini
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bryan C Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Facundo M Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ashley Xia
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua N Adkins
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Zhang Y, Zhang B, Sun X. The molecular mechanism of macrophage-adipocyte crosstalk in maintaining energy homeostasis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1378202. [PMID: 38650945 PMCID: PMC11033412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1378202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions between macrophages and adipocytes in adipose tissue are critical for the regulation of energy metabolism and obesity. Macrophage polarization induced by cold or other stimulations can drive metabolic reprogramming of adipocytes, browning, and thermogenesis. Accordingly, investigating the roles of macrophages and adipocytes in the maintenance of energy homeostasis is critical for the development of novel therapeutic approaches specifically targeting macrophages in metabolic disorders such as obesity. Current review outlines macrophage polarization not only regulates the release of central nervous system and inflammatory factors, but controls mitochondrial function, and other factor that induce metabolic reprogramming of adipocytes and maintain energy homeostasis. We also emphasized on how the adipocytes conversely motivate the polarization of macrophage. Exploring the interactions between adipocytes and macrophages may provide new therapeutic strategies for the management of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudie Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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9
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Zhang J, Kibret BG, Vatner DE, Vatner SF. The role of brown adipose tissue in mediating healthful longevity. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2024; 4:17. [PMID: 39119146 PMCID: PMC11309368 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2024.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
There are two major subtypes of adipose tissue, i.e., white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). It has been known for a long time that WAT mediates obesity and impairs healthful longevity. More recently, interest has focused on BAT, which, unlike WAT, actually augments healthful aging. The goal of this review is to examine the role of BAT in mediating healthful longevity. A major role for BAT and its related beige adipose tissue is thermogenesis, as a mechanism to maintain body temperature by producing heat through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) or through UCP1-independent thermogenic pathways. Our hypothesis is that healthful longevity is, in part, mediated by BAT. BAT protects against the major causes of impaired healthful longevity, i.e., obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, reduced exercise tolerance, and impaired blood flow. Several genetically engineered mouse models have shown that BAT enhances healthful aging and that their BAT is more potent than wild-type (WT) BAT. For example, when BAT, which increases longevity and exercise performance in mice with disruption of the regulator of G protein signaling 14 (RGS14), is transplanted to WT mice, their exercise capacity is enhanced at 3 days after BAT transplantation, whereas BAT transplantation from WT to WT mice also resulted in increased exercise performance, but only at 8 weeks after transplantation. In view of the ability of BAT to mediate healthful longevity, it is likely that a pharmaceutical analog of BAT will become a novel therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Berhanu Geresu Kibret
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Dorothy E. Vatner
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Stephen F. Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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10
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Shi H, Hao X, Sun Y, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Cao X, Gong Z, Ji S, Lu J, Yan Y, Yu X, Luo X, Wang J, Wang H. Exercise-inducible circulating extracellular vesicle irisin promotes browning and the thermogenic program in white adipose tissue. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14103. [PMID: 38288566 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM Exercise can reduce body weight and promote white fat browning, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study investigated the role of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5)/Irisin, a hormone released from exercising muscle, in the browning of white fat in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs). METHODS Mice were subjected to a 4 weeks of running table exercise, and fat browning was analyzed via histology, protein blotting and qPCR. Circulating EVs were extracted by ultrahigh-speed centrifugation, and ELISA was used to measure the irisin concentration in the circulating EVs. Circulating EVs that differentially expressed irisin were applied to adipocytes, and the effect of EV-irisin on adipocyte energy metabolism was analyzed by immunofluorescence, protein blotting, and cellular oxygen consumption rate analysis. RESULTS During sustained exercise, the mice lost weight and developed fat browning. FNDC5 was induced, cleaved, and secreted into irisin, and irisin levels subsequently increased in the plasma during exercise. Interestingly, irisin was highly expressed in circulating EVs that effectively promoted adipose browning. Mechanistically, the circulating EV-irisin complex is transported intracellularly by the adipocyte membrane receptor integrin αV, which in turn activates the AMPK signaling pathway, which is dependent on mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 to cause mitochondrial plasmonic leakage and promote heat production. After inhibition of the AMPK signaling pathway, the effects of the EV-irisin on promoting fat browning were minimal. CONCLUSION Exercise leads to the accumulation of circulating EV-irisin, which enhances adipose energy metabolism and thermogenesis and promotes white fat browning in mice, leading to weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Yating Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorui Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Zeen Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Shusen Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Jiayin Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Xiuju Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomao Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haidong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, P.R. China
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11
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Dewal RS, Yang FT, Baer LA, Vidal P, Hernandez-Saavedra D, Seculov NP, Ghosh A, Noé F, Togliatti O, Hughes L, DeBari MK, West MD, Soroko R, Sternberg H, Malik NN, Puchulu-Campanella E, Wang H, Yan P, Wolfrum C, Abbott RD, Stanford KI. Transplantation of committed pre-adipocytes from brown adipose tissue improves whole-body glucose homeostasis. iScience 2024; 27:108927. [PMID: 38327776 PMCID: PMC10847743 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its co-morbidities including type 2 diabetes are increasing at epidemic rates in the U.S. and worldwide. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a potential therapeutic to combat obesity and type 2 diabetes. Increasing BAT mass by transplantation improves metabolic health in rodents, but its clinical translation remains a challenge. Here, we investigated if transplantation of 2-4 million differentiated brown pre-adipocytes from mouse BAT stromal fraction (SVF) or human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) could improve metabolic health. Transplantation of differentiated brown pre-adipocytes, termed "committed pre-adipocytes" from BAT SVF from mice or derived from hPSCs improves glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in recipient mice under conditions of diet-induced obesity, and this improvement is mediated through the collaborative actions of the liver transcriptome, tissue AKT signaling, and FGF21. These data demonstrate that transplantation of a small number of brown adipocytes has significant long-term translational and therapeutic potential to improve glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revati S. Dewal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Felix T. Yang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lisa A. Baer
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pablo Vidal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Diego Hernandez-Saavedra
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nickolai P. Seculov
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Laboratory of Translational Nutritional Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Falko Noé
- Laboratory of Translational Nutritional Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Togliatti
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lexis Hughes
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Megan K. DeBari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael D. West
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., 1101 Marina Village Parkway, Suite 201, Alameda, CA 94501, USA
| | - Richard Soroko
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., 1101 Marina Village Parkway, Suite 201, Alameda, CA 94501, USA
| | - Hal Sternberg
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., 1101 Marina Village Parkway, Suite 201, Alameda, CA 94501, USA
| | - Nafees N. Malik
- AgeX Therapeutics, Inc., 1101 Marina Village Parkway, Suite 201, Alameda, CA 94501, USA
| | - Estella Puchulu-Campanella
- Genomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Huabao Wang
- Genomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pearlly Yan
- Genomics Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutritional Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Rosalyn D. Abbott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kristin I. Stanford
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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12
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Ashcroft SP, Stocks B, Egan B, Zierath JR. Exercise induces tissue-specific adaptations to enhance cardiometabolic health. Cell Metab 2024; 36:278-300. [PMID: 38183980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
The risk associated with multiple cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and all-cause mortality is decreased in individuals who meet the current recommendations for physical activity. Therefore, regular exercise remains a cornerstone in the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases. An acute bout of exercise results in the coordinated interaction between multiple tissues to meet the increased energy demand of exercise. Over time, the associated metabolic stress of each individual exercise bout provides the basis for long-term adaptations across tissues, including the cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, gut, and brain. Therefore, regular exercise is associated with a plethora of benefits throughout the whole body, including improved cardiorespiratory fitness, physical function, and glycemic control. Overall, we summarize the exercise-induced adaptations that occur within multiple tissues and how they converge to ultimately improve cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Ashcroft
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ben Stocks
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brendan Egan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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13
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Dollet L, Lundell LS, Chibalin AV, Pendergrast LA, Pillon NJ, Lansbury EL, Elmastas M, Frendo-Cumbo S, Jalkanen J, de Castro Barbosa T, Cervone DT, Caidahl K, Dmytriyeva O, Deshmukh AS, Barrès R, Rydén M, Wallberg-Henriksson H, Zierath JR, Krook A. Exercise-induced crosstalk between immune cells and adipocytes in humans: Role of oncostatin-M. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101348. [PMID: 38151020 PMCID: PMC10829726 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of exercise-regulated circulatory factors has fueled interest in organ crosstalk, especially between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and the role in mediating beneficial effects of exercise. We studied the adipose tissue transcriptome in men and women with normal glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes following an acute exercise bout, revealing substantial exercise- and time-dependent changes, with sustained increase in inflammatory genes in type 2 diabetes. We identify oncostatin-M as one of the most upregulated adipose-tissue-secreted factors post-exercise. In cultured human adipocytes, oncostatin-M enhances MAPK signaling and regulates lipolysis. Oncostatin-M expression arises predominantly from adipose tissue immune cell fractions, while the corresponding receptors are expressed in adipocytes. Oncostatin-M expression increases in cultured human Thp1 macrophages following exercise-like stimuli. Our results suggest that immune cells, via secreted factors such as oncostatin-M, mediate a crosstalk between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue during exercise to regulate adipocyte metabolism and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Dollet
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Leonidas S Lundell
- Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander V Chibalin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Logan A Pendergrast
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas J Pillon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elizabeth L Lansbury
- Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merve Elmastas
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jutta Jalkanen
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel T Cervone
- Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Caidahl
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oksana Dmytriyeva
- Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Atul S Deshmukh
- Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Romain Barrès
- Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, CNRS and Université Côte d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway.
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14
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Bódis K, Breuer S, Crepzia-Pevzner A, Zaharia OP, Schön M, Saatmann N, Altenhofen D, Springer C, Szendroedi J, Wagner R, Al-Hasani H, Roden M, Pesta D, Chadt A. Impact of physical fitness and exercise training on subcutaneous adipose tissue beiging markers in humans with and without diabetes and a high-fat diet-fed mouse model. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:339-350. [PMID: 37869933 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Exercise training induces white adipose tissue (WAT) beiging and improves glucose homeostasis and mitochondrial function in rodents. This could be relevant for type 2 diabetes in humans, but the effect of physical fitness on beiging of subcutaneous WAT (scWAT) remains unclear. This translational study investigates if beiging of scWAT associates with physical fitness in healthy humans and recent-onset type 2 diabetes and if a voluntary running wheel intervention is sufficient to induce beiging in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression levels of established beiging markers were measured in scWAT biopsies of humans with (n = 28) or without type 2 diabetes (n = 28), stratified by spiroergometry into low (L-FIT; n = 14 each) and high physical fitness (H-FIT; n = 14 each). High-fat diet-fed FVB/N mice underwent voluntary wheel running, treadmill training or no training (n = 8 each group). Following the training intervention, mitochondrial respiration and content of scWAT were assessed by high-resolution respirometry and citrate synthase activity, respectively. RESULTS Secreted CD137 antigen (Tnfrsf9/Cd137) expression was three-fold higher in glucose-tolerant H-FIT than in L-FIT, but not different between H-FIT and L-FIT with type 2 diabetes. In mice, both training modalities increased Cd137 expression and enhanced mitochondrial content without changing respiration in scWAT. Treadmill but not voluntary wheel running led to improved whole-body insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Higher physical fitness and different exercise interventions associated with higher gene expression levels of the beiging marker CD137 in healthy humans and mice on a high-fat diet. Humans with recent-onset type 2 diabetes show an impaired adipose tissue-specific response to physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kálmán Bódis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Saida Breuer
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Assja Crepzia-Pevzner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oana-Patricia Zaharia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schön
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nina Saatmann
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Delsi Altenhofen
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Springer
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Transnational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine I, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Wagner
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Pesta
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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15
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Chou TJ, Lin LY, Lu CW, Hsu YJ, Huang CC, Huang KC. Effects of aerobic, resistance, and high-intensity interval training on thermogenic gene expression in white adipose tissue in high fat diet induced obese mice. Obes Res Clin Pract 2024; 18:64-72. [PMID: 38238145 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Global prevalence of obesity has continued to rise and poses public health concerns. Current anti-obesity medications are mainly focused on suppressing appetite. Thermogenic fat cells that increase energy expenditure may be a promising alternative target to combat obesity. Our study aims to investigate the effects of aerobic, resistance, and high-intensity interval training on thermogenic gene expression in white adipose tissue in high fat diet induced obese mice. METHODS Fifty 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were initially divided into control group and high fat diet group for obesity induction. After 8 weeks of obesity induction, obese mice were subdivided into sedentary, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and high intensity interval training groups. Trained obese mice were submitted to 8 weeks of exercise. RESULTS Our results showed that all three exercises significantly decreased body weight, and improved metabolic profiles including glucose tolerance, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, aerobic exercise training increases serum irisin levels and thermogenic gene expressions such as Prdm16, Cidea, and Pgc-1α in epididymal white adipose tissue of obese mice. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that when it comes to the adaption of thermogenic fat cells, the modality of exercise should be taken into consideration. Aerobic exercise may induce a modest increase in the expression levels of certain thermogenic genes in epididymal white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Jung Chou
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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16
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Neagu M, Dobre EG. New Insights into the Link Between Melanoma and Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:851-867. [PMID: 39287874 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The significant increase in the incidence of obesity represents a global health crisis. Obesity is actually a multi-organ disease affecting the entire organism; hence, skin is no exception. As the functional alterations in the adipose tissue are contributing factors to many diseases, including cancer, recently, the link between the development of melanoma skin cancer and obesity gains increased attention. Besides several other factors, the increase of adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs) impacts cancer progression. Moreover, increased production of cytokines and growth factors done by ASCs induces tumorigenesis and metastasis. The chronic inflammatory state that is sustained by this metabolic imbalance favors skin malignancies, melanoma included. Cutaneous melanoma, as an aggressive skin cancer, has both intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors where sun exposure and lifestyles are the main environmental factors inducing this skin cancer. With the advent of recent targeted and immune-based therapies in melanoma, the link between obesity and the efficacy of these therapies in melanoma remains controversial. A recent molecular relationship between the melanocortin pathway appending to both melanin synthesis and obesity was established. The biology of adipokines, molecules secreted by the adipose tissue, is linked to inflammation, and their molecular pathways can be involved in angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and proliferation of melanoma cells. In melanoma cells, among the most noticeable metabolic reprogramming characteristics is an increased rate of lipid synthesis. Lipid mediators impact classical oncogenic pathways, affecting melanoma progression. The chapter will tackle also the practical implications for melanoma prevention and treatment, namely, how metabolic manipulation can be exploited to overcome immunosuppression and support immune checkpoint blockade efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
- Pathology Department, Colentina University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena-Georgiana Dobre
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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17
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Esaki N, Matsui T, Tsuda T. Lactate induces the development of beige adipocytes via an increase in the level of reactive oxygen species. Food Funct 2023; 14:9725-9733. [PMID: 37817572 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03287f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that lactate acts as a signaling molecule in various tissues. We previously demonstrated that intake of an amino acid mixture combined with exercise synergistically induced beige adipocyte formation in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) in mice. Moreover, plasma lactate levels remained significantly elevated in the amino acid mixture + exercise group even 16 h after exercise, indicating that a lactate-mediated pathway may be involved in the induction of beige adipocyte formation. Against this background, we hypothesized that oral intake of lactate would induce beige adipocyte formation via the lactate signaling pathway without exercise. Furthermore, if oral intake of lactate can produce the same effect as exercise, lactate might be used as a food-derived exercise replacement-factor. Oral intake of lactate (100 mM in drinking water) for 4 weeks significantly induced beige adipocyte formation in iWAT in mice as well as a significant elevation of lactate transporter (monocarboxylic acid transporter 1; MCT1) and lactate dehydrogenase B levels. Administration of lactate to adipocytes significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide levels and the NADH/NAD+ ratio. The induction of lactate-mediated uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression and ROS production were significantly suppressed by antioxidant treatment or inhibition of MCT1. However, UCP1 induction was not significantly affected by the inhibition of lactate receptor (hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1). These findings suggest that lactate-mediated ROS production induces beige adipocyte formation, and thus oral intake of lactate may confer some benefits of exercise without the need to perform exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Esaki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshiro Matsui
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takanori Tsuda
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
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18
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Vamvini M, Nigro P, Caputo T, Stanford KI, Hirshman MF, Middelbeek RJ, Goodyear LJ. Exercise Training and Cold Exposure Trigger Distinct Molecular Adaptations to Inguinal White Adipose Tissue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.16.562635. [PMID: 37905018 PMCID: PMC10614850 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.562635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Exercise training and cold exposure both improve systemic metabolism, but the mechanisms are not well-established. We tested the hypothesis that adaptations to inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) are critical for these beneficial effects by determining the impact of exercise-trained and cold-exposed iWAT on systemic glucose metabolism and the iWAT proteome and secretome. Transplanting trained iWAT into sedentary mice improved glucose tolerance, while cold-exposed iWAT transplantation showed no such benefit. Compared to training, cold led to more pronounced alterations in the iWAT proteome and secretome, downregulating >2,000 proteins but also boosting iWAT's thermogenic capacity. In contrast, only training increased extracellular space and vesicle transport proteins, and only training upregulated proteins that correlate with favorable fasting glucose, suggesting fundamental changes in trained iWAT that mediate tissue-to-tissue communication. This study defines the unique exercise training- and cold exposure-induced iWAT proteomes, revealing distinct mechanisms for the beneficial effects of these interventions on metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vamvini
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Pasquale Nigro
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tiziana Caputo
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kristin I. Stanford
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael F. Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Roeland J.W. Middelbeek
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Laurie J. Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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19
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Stroh AM, Stanford KI. Exercise-induced regulation of adipose tissue. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 81:102058. [PMID: 37295241 PMCID: PMC10524364 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exercise induces various beneficial whole-body adaptations and can delay the onset of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. While many of the beneficial effects of exercise on skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system have been well established, recent studies have highlighted the role of exercise-induced improvements to adipose tissue that affect metabolic and whole-body health. Studies investigating exercise-induced adaptations of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) demonstrate modifications to glucose uptake, mitochondrial activity, and endocrine profile, and a beiging of WAT in rodents. This review discusses recent studies of the exercise-induced adaptations to WAT and BAT and their implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Stroh
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA. https://twitter.com/@AndrewStroh
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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20
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Nirengi S, Stanford K. Brown adipose tissue and aging: A potential role for exercise. Exp Gerontol 2023; 178:112218. [PMID: 37224933 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Aging is one of the primary risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and regular physical activity can help to delay, prevent, or manage the onset and development of many chronic diseases present in older adults. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is thermogenic tissue that protects against age-related disease, but BAT activity decreases with age. In this review, we discuss how aging contributes to impaired BAT function by inducing a 'whitening' of the BAT and altering beta 3 adrenergic receptor (β3AR) signaling, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene expression, and mitochondria respiration, and potential mechanisms for exercise to counteract the effects of aging on BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Nirengi
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Kristin Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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21
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Félix-Soriano E, Sáinz N, Gil-Iturbe E, Castilla-Madrigal R, Celay J, Fernández-Galilea M, Pejenaute Á, Lostao MP, Martínez-Climent JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Differential remodeling of subcutaneous white and interscapular brown adipose tissue by long-term exercise training in aged obese female mice. J Physiol Biochem 2023:10.1007/s13105-023-00964-2. [PMID: 37204588 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Obesity exacerbates aging-induced adipose tissue dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term exercise on inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) of aged obese mice. Two-month-old female mice received a high-fat diet for 4 months. Then, six-month-old diet-induced obese animals were allocated to sedentarism (DIO) or to a long-term treadmill training (DIOEX) up to 18 months of age. In exercised mice, iWAT depot revealed more adaptability, with an increase in the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes (Cpt1a, Acox1), and an amelioration of the inflammatory status, with a favorable modulation of pro/antiinflammatory genes and lower macrophage infiltration. Additionally, iWAT of trained animals showed an increment in the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis (Pgc1a, Tfam, Nrf1), thermogenesis (Ucp1), and beige adipocytes genes (Cd137, Tbx1). In contrast, iBAT of aged obese mice was less responsive to exercise. Indeed, although an increase in functional brown adipocytes genes and proteins (Pgc1a, Prdm16 and UCP1) was observed, few changes were found on inflammation-related and fatty acid metabolism genes. The remodeling of iWAT and iBAT depots occurred along with an improvement in the HOMA index for insulin resistance and in glucose tolerance. In conclusion, long-term exercise effectively prevented the loss of iWAT and iBAT thermogenic properties during aging and obesity. In iWAT, the long-term exercise program also reduced the inflammatory status and stimulated a fat-oxidative gene profile. These exercise-induced adipose tissue adaptations could contribute to the beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in aged obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Félix-Soriano
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Neira Sáinz
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eva Gil-Iturbe
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rosa Castilla-Madrigal
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jon Celay
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-Galilea
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Pejenaute
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Lostao
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José A Martínez-Climent
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
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22
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White U. Adipose tissue expansion in obesity, health, and disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1188844. [PMID: 37181756 PMCID: PMC10169629 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1188844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) expands under physiological conditions via an increase in adipocyte size (hypertrophy) and/or number (hyperplasia; adipogenesis), and the ability of WAT to expand to accommodate energy demands is a significant determinant of metabolic health status. Obesity is associated with impaired WAT expansion and remodeling, which results in the deposition of lipids to other non-adipose organs, leading to metabolic derangements. Although increased hyperplasia has been implicated as a cornerstone in promoting healthy WAT expansion, recent developments suggest that the role of adipogenesis as a contributing factor in the transition from impaired subcutaneous WAT expansion to impaired metabolic health remains up for debate. This mini-review will summarize recent developments and highlight emerging concepts on the features of WAT expansion and turnover, and the significance in obesity, health, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula White
- Clinical Science Division, LSU Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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23
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Nigro P, Vamvini M, Yang J, Caputo T, Ho LL, Carbone NP, Papadopoulos D, Conlin R, He J, Hirshman MF, White JD, Robidoux J, Hickner RC, Nielsen S, Pedersen BK, Kellis M, Middelbeek RJW, Goodyear LJ. Exercise training remodels inguinal white adipose tissue through adaptations in innervation, vascularization, and the extracellular matrix. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112392. [PMID: 37058410 PMCID: PMC10374102 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) is essential for the beneficial effects of exercise training on metabolic health. The underlying mechanisms for these effects are not fully understood, and here, we test the hypothesis that exercise training results in a more favorable iWAT structural phenotype. Using biochemical, imaging, and multi-omics analyses, we find that 11 days of wheel running in male mice causes profound iWAT remodeling including decreased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and increased vascularization and innervation. We identify adipose stem cells as one of the main contributors to training-induced ECM remodeling, show that the PRDM16 transcriptional complex is necessary for iWAT remodeling and beiging, and discover neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1) as a link between PRDM16 and neuritogenesis. Moreover, we find that training causes a shift from hypertrophic to insulin-sensitive adipocyte subpopulations. Exercise training leads to remarkable adaptations to iWAT structure and cell-type composition that can confer beneficial changes in tissue metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Nigro
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Vamvini
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiekun Yang
- Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tiziana Caputo
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Li-Lun Ho
- Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas P Carbone
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danae Papadopoulos
- Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Royce Conlin
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jie He
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph D White
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jacques Robidoux
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Robert C Hickner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Søren Nielsen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roeland J W Middelbeek
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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24
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Heidarianpour A, Keshvari M, Shahidi S, Zarei M. Modulation of GPC-4 and GPLD1 serum levels by improving glycemic indices in type 2 diabetes: Resistance training and hawthorn extract intervention. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15537. [PMID: 37151681 PMCID: PMC10161711 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims This study was designed to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) and hawthorn extract (Ha) on Glypican-4 (GPC-4) and Insulin-regulated glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D (GPLD1) serum levels in T2DM and to examine the relationship of these variables with glycemic indexes. Method 40 male Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups: Healthy Control (H-C), Diabetes Control (D-C), Diabetes Resistance training (D-RT), Diabetes Hawthorn (D-Ha), and Diabetes Resistance training Hawthorn (D-RT-Ha). T2DM was induced with a 4-week high-fat diet (HFD) and one dose of STZ intraperitoneal injection (35 mg/kg). 1-week after the injection, RT (with a range of 50%-100%1RM/3 day/week) and gavage of Ha extract (100 mg/kg/day) was performed for 12 weeks. Results The glycemic indices improvement (reducing blood glucose and increasing serum insulin level) caused by RT and/or Ha increased GPC-4 and decreased GPLD1 in the T2DM rats, but these positive changes were more effective in the combination of RT + Ha. A strong correlation was also observed between GPC-4 and GPLD1 with blood glucose and insulin. Conclusion The increase in serum GPC-4 levels was probably due to the direct effect of RT + Ha, and the improvement of glycemic indexes after RT and Ha. The double effect of RT + Ha can be a regulatory mechanism for GPC-4 and its related factors in controlling T2DM complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Keshvari
- Bu- Ali Sina University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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25
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Xue S, Lee D, Berry DC. Thermogenic adipose tissue in energy regulation and metabolic health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1150059. [PMID: 37020585 PMCID: PMC10067564 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1150059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to generate thermogenic fat could be a targeted therapy to thwart obesity and improve metabolic health. Brown and beige adipocytes are two types of thermogenic fat cells that regulate energy balance. Both adipocytes share common morphological, biochemical, and thermogenic properties. Yet, recent evidence suggests unique features exist between brown and beige adipocytes, such as their cellular origin and thermogenic regulatory processes. Beige adipocytes also appear highly plastic, responding to environmental stimuli and interconverting between beige and white adipocyte states. Additionally, beige adipocytes appear to be metabolically heterogenic and have substrate specificity. Nevertheless, obese and aged individuals cannot develop beige adipocytes in response to thermogenic fat-inducers, creating a key clinical hurdle to their therapeutic promise. Thus, elucidating the underlying developmental, molecular, and functional mechanisms that govern thermogenic fat cells will improve our understanding of systemic energy regulation and strive for new targeted therapies to generate thermogenic fat. This review will examine the recent advances in thermogenic fat biogenesis, molecular regulation, and the potential mechanisms for their failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel C. Berry
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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26
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Therapeutic or lifelong training effects on pancreatic morphological and functional parameters in an animal model of aging and obesity. Exp Gerontol 2023; 175:112144. [PMID: 36907475 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity, aging, and physical training are factors influencing pancreatic functional and morphological parameters. Aiming to clarify the impact of the interaction of these factors, we analyzed the effect of therapeutic or lifelong physical training on body adiposity and pancreatic functional and morphological parameters of aged and obese rats. METHODS 24 male Wistar rats were (initial age = 4 months and final age = 14 months) randomly divided into three aged and obese experimental groups (n = 8/group): untrained, therapeutic trained, and lifelong trained. Body adiposity, plasmatic concentration and pancreatic immunostaining of insulin, markers of tissue inflammation, lipid peroxidation, activity and immunostaining of antioxidant enzymes, and parameters of pancreatic morphology were evaluated. RESULTS Lifelong physical training improved the body adiposity, plasmatic insulin concentration, and macrophage immunostaining in the pancreas. The animals submitted to therapeutic and lifelong training showed an increase in the density of the pancreatic islets; lower insulin, Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB), and Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) immunostaining in the pancreatic parenchyma, as well as lower pancreatic tissue lipid peroxidation, lower fibrosis area, increased catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) immunostaining, with the greatest effect in the lifelong training group. CONCLUSION Lifelong training promoted greater beneficial effects on the pancreatic functional and morphological parameters of aged and obese animals compared to therapeutic exercise.
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Abstract
The circadian clock is a cell-autonomous transcription-translation feedback mechanism that anticipates and adapts physiology and behavior to different phases of the day. A variety of factors including hormones, temperature, food-intake, and exercise can act on tissue-specific peripheral clocks to alter the expression of genes that influence metabolism, all in a time-of-day dependent manner. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of exercise timing on adipose tissue metabolism. We performed RNA sequencing on inguinal adipose tissue of mice immediately following maximal exercise or sham treatment at the early rest or early active phase. Only during the early active phase did exercise elicit an immediate increase in serum nonesterified fatty acids. Furthermore, early active phase exercise increased expression of markers of thermogenesis and mitochondrial proliferation in inguinal adipose tissue. In vitro, synchronized 3T3-L1 adipocytes showed a timing-dependent difference in Adrb2 expression, as well as a greater lipolytic activity. Thus, the response of adipose tissue to exercise is time-of-day sensitive and may be partly driven by the circadian clock. To determine the influence of feeding state on the time-of-day response to exercise, we replicated the experiment in 10-h-fasted early rest phase mice to mimic the early active phase metabolic status. A 10-h fast led to a similar lipolytic response as observed after active phase exercise but did not replicate the transcriptomic response, suggesting that the observed changes in gene expression are not driven by feeding status. In conclusion, acute exercise elicits timing-specific effects on adipose tissue to maintain metabolic homeostasis.
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28
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Many GM, Sanford JA, Sagendorf TJ, Hou Z, Nigro P, Whytock K, Amar D, Caputo T, Gay NR, Gaul DA, Hirshman M, Jimenez-Morales D, Lindholm ME, Muehlbauer MJ, Vamvini M, Bergman B, Fern Ndez FM, Goodyear LJ, Ortlund EA, Sparks LM, Xia A, Adkins JN, Bodine SC, Newgard CB, Schenk S. Sexual dimorphism and the multi-omic response to exercise training in rat subcutaneous white adipose tissue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.03.527012. [PMID: 36778330 PMCID: PMC9915732 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.03.527012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is a dynamic storage and secretory organ that regulates systemic homeostasis, yet the impact of endurance exercise training and sex on its molecular landscape has not been fully established. Utilizing an integrative multi-omics approach with data generated by the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC), we identified profound sexual dimorphism in the dynamic response of rat scWAT to endurance exercise training. Despite similar cardiorespiratory improvements, only male rats reduced whole-body adiposity, scWAT adipocyte size, and total scWAT triglyceride abundance with training. Multi-omic analyses of adipose tissue integrated with phenotypic measures identified sex-specific training responses including enrichment of mTOR signaling in females, while males displayed enhanced mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. Overall, this study reinforces our understanding that sex impacts scWAT biology and provides a rich resource to interrogate responses of scWAT to endurance training.
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29
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Ercan Z, Deniz G, Yentur SB, Arikan FB, Karatas A, Alkan G, Koca SS. Effects of acute aerobic exercise on cytokines, klotho, irisin, and vascular endothelial growth factor responses in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Ir J Med Sci 2023; 192:491-497. [PMID: 35296975 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-02970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease that causes cartilage and bone damage as well as disability. AIMS : The aim of this study was to examine the effects of acute aerobic exercise on cytokines such as serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and irisin, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and klotho in RA patients. METHODS: Forty RA patient and 40 healthy volunteers of the same age participated in this study. All participants walked on the treadmill for 30 minutes at 60-80% of maximal heart rate. Blood samples were taken before and immediately after the exercise. Serum levels of IL-6, IL1β, TNF-α and irisin, VEGF and klotho were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis. RESULTS: Baseline levels of inflammatory cytokines, irisin, VEGF and klotho were found to be higher in RA patients compared to the control group. In both groups, there was an increase in serum klotho levels after exercise compared to baseline (p<0.05), while a decrease in IL1β, TNF-α levels were observed. While serum VEGF level decreased in RA group, it increased in the control group(p<0.05). Irisin levels decreased in both groups. IL-6 level did not change in the control group, while it increased in RA group. A single exercise session had an acute anti-inflammatory effect in RA patients. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that acute aerobic exercise can be beneficial for patients with RA through cytokine, irisin, klotho and VEGF levels, and also it can be safely implemented to the RA rehabilitation program for additional anti-inflammatory effects. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04439682.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubeyde Ercan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Gulnihal Deniz
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Songül Baglan Yentur
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Funda Bulut Arikan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Karatas
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Alkan
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Serdar Koca
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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30
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Blackwell JA, Stanford KI. Exercise-induced intertissue communication: adipose tissue and the heart. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 31:100626. [PMID: 36588657 PMCID: PMC9802643 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exercise leads to numerous beneficial whole-body effects and can protect against the development of obesity, cardiometabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of inter-organ crosstalk with a focus on secretory factors that mediate communication among organs, including adipose tissue and the heart. Studies investigating the effects of exercise on brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) demonstrated that adipokines are released in response to exercise and act on the heart to decrease inflammation, alter gene expression, increase angiogenesis, and improve cardiac function. This review discusses the exercise-induced adaptations to BAT and WAT and how these adaptations affect heart health and function, while highlighting the importance of tissue crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade A. Blackwell
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Kristin I. Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
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Kurgan N, Stoikos J, Baranowski BJ, Yumol J, Dhaliwal R, Sweezey-Munroe JB, Fajardo VA, Gittings W, Macpherson REK, Klentrou P. Sclerostin Influences Exercise-Induced Adaptations in Body Composition and White Adipose Tissue Morphology in Male Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:541-555. [PMID: 36606556 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sclerostin is an inhibitor of the osteogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that also has an endocrine role in regulating adipocyte differentiation and metabolism. Additionally, subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) sclerostin content decreases following exercise training (EXT). Therefore, we hypothesized that EXT-induced reductions in adipose tissue sclerostin may play a role in regulating adaptations in body composition and whole-body metabolism. To test this hypothesis, 10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were either sedentary (SED) or performing 1 hour of treadmill running at ~65% to 70% maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max ) 5 day/week (EXT) for 4 weeks and had subcutaneous injections of either saline (C) or recombinant sclerostin (S) (0.1 mg/kg body mass) 5 day/week; thus, making four groups (SED-C, EXT-C, SED-S, and EXT-S; n = 12/group). No differences in body mass were observed between experimental groups, whereas food intake was higher in EXT (p = 0.03) and S (p = 0.08) groups. There was a higher resting energy expenditure in all groups compared to SED-C. EXT-C had increased lean mass and decreased fat mass percentage compared to SED-C and SED-S. No differences in body composition were observed in either the SED-S or EXT-S groups. Lower scWAT (inguinal), epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) (visceral epididymal) mass, and scWAT adipocyte cell size and increased percentage of multilocular cells in scWAT were observed in the EXT-C group compared to SED-C, whereas lower eWAT was only observed in the EXT-S group. EXT mice had increased scWAT low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4) and mitochondrial content and sclerostin treatment only inhibited increased Lrp4 content with EXT. Together, these results provide evidence that reductions in resting sclerostin with exercise training may influence associated alterations in energy metabolism and body composition, particularly in scWAT. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Stoikos
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J Baranowski
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Jenalyn Yumol
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Roopan Dhaliwal
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Jake B Sweezey-Munroe
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - William Gittings
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca E K Macpherson
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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Qiu Y, Fernández-García B, Lehmann HI, Li G, Kroemer G, López-Otín C, Xiao J. Exercise sustains the hallmarks of health. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:8-35. [PMID: 36374766 PMCID: PMC9923435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health. Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health and is widely accepted as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for various diseases. It is well-documented that exercise maintains and restores homeostasis at the organismal, tissue, cellular, and molecular levels to stimulate positive physiological adaptations that consequently protect against various pathological conditions. Here we mainly summarize how moderate-intensity exercise affects the major hallmarks of health, including the integrity of barriers, containment of local perturbations, recycling and turnover, integration of circuitries, rhythmic oscillations, homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, as well as repair and regeneration. Furthermore, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for beneficial adaptations in response to exercise. This review aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of the vital biological mechanisms through which moderate-intensity exercise maintains health and opens a window for its application in other health interventions. We hope that continuing investigation in this field will further increase our understanding of the processes involved in the positive role of moderate-intensity exercise and thus get us closer to the identification of new therapeutics that improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qiu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Benjamin Fernández-García
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo 33011, Spain; Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Anatomy, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
| | - H Immo Lehmann
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris 75231, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France; Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris 75015, France.
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cáncer (CIBERONC), Oviedo 33006, Spain.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Chen Q, Huang L, Pan D, Hu K, Li R, Friedline RH, Kim JK, Zhu LJ, Guertin DA, Wang YX. A brown fat-enriched adipokine Adissp controls adipose thermogenesis and glucose homeostasis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7633. [PMID: 36496438 PMCID: PMC9741603 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35335-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling mechanisms underlying adipose thermogenesis have not been fully elucidated. Particularly, the involvement of adipokines that are selectively expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipocytes remains to be investigated. Here we show that a previously uncharacterized adipokine (UPF0687 protein / human C20orf27 homolog) we named as Adissp (Adipose-secreted signaling protein) is a key regulator for white adipose tissue (WAT) thermogenesis and glucose homeostasis. Adissp expression is adipose-specific and highly BAT-enriched, and its secretion is stimulated by β3-adrenergic activation. Gain-of-functional studies collectively showed that secreted Adissp promotes WAT thermogenesis, improves glucose homeostasis, and protects against obesity. Adipose-specific Adissp knockout mice are defective in WAT browning, and are susceptible to high fat diet-induced obesity and hyperglycemia. Mechanistically, Adissp binds to a putative receptor on adipocyte surface and activates protein kinase A independently of β-adrenergic signaling. These results establish BAT-enriched Adissp as a major upstream signaling component in thermogenesis and offer a potential avenue for the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Dongning Pan
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Randall H Friedline
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Yong-Xu Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Exercise training improves obesity-induced inflammatory signaling in rat brown adipose tissue. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Hernández-Saavedra D, Markunas C, Takahashi H, Baer LA, Harris JE, Hirshman MF, Ilkayeva O, Newgard CB, Stanford KI, Goodyear LJ. Maternal Exercise and Paternal Exercise Induce Distinct Metabolite Signatures in Offspring Tissues. Diabetes 2022; 71:2094-2105. [PMID: 35838316 PMCID: PMC9501651 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
That maternal and paternal exercise improve the metabolic health of adult offspring is well established. Tissue and serum metabolites play a fundamental role in the health of an organism, but how parental exercise affects offspring tissue and serum metabolites has not yet been investigated. Here, male and female breeders were fed a high-fat diet and housed with or without running wheels before breeding (males) and before and during gestation (females). Offspring were sedentary and chow fed, with parents as follows: sedentary (Sed), maternal exercise (MatEx), paternal exercise (PatEx), or maternal+paternal exercise (Mat+PatEx). Adult offspring from all parental exercise groups had similar improvement in glucose tolerance and hepatic glucose production. Targeted metabolomics was performed in offspring serum, liver, and triceps muscle. Offspring from MatEx, PatEx, and Mat+PatEx each had a unique tissue metabolite signature, but Mat+PatEx offspring had an additive phenotype relative to MatEx or PatEx alone in a subset of liver and muscle metabolites. Tissue metabolites consistently indicated that the metabolites altered with parental exercise contribute to enhanced fatty acid oxidation. These data identify distinct tissue-specific adaptations and mechanisms for parental exercise-induced improvement in offspring metabolic health. Further mining of this data set could aid the development of novel therapeutic targets to combat metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Hernández-Saavedra
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Christina Markunas
- Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and Medicine, Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa A. Baer
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Johan E. Harris
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Michael F. Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and Medicine, Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Christopher B. Newgard
- Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology and Medicine, Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Kristin I. Stanford
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Laurie J. Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Hu S, Wan X, Li X, Wang X. Aerobic exercise alleviates pyroptosis-related diseases by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome. Front Physiol 2022; 13:965366. [PMID: 36187801 PMCID: PMC9520335 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.965366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis plays a crucial role in a variety of human diseases, including atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes, depression, and Alzheimer’s disease, which usually release pyroptosis-related cytokines due to inflammation. Many studies have demonstrated that aerobic exercise is a good option for decreasing the release of pyroptosis-related cytokines. However, the molecular mechanisms of aerobic exercise on pyroptosis-related diseases remain unknown. In this review, the effects of aerobic exercise on pyroptosis in endothelial cells, adipocytes and hippocampal cells, and their potential mechanisms are summarized. In endothelial cells, aerobic exercise could inhibit NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis by improving the endothelial function, while reducing vascular inflammation and oxidative stress. In adipocytes, aerobic exercise has been shown to inhibit pyroptosis by ameliorating inflammation and insulin resistance. Moreover, aerobic exercise could restrict pyroptosis by attenuating microglial activation, neuroinflammation, and amyloid-beta deposition in hippocampal cells. In summary, aerobic exercise alleviates the pyroptosis-related diseases by regulating the NLRP3 inflammation si0067naling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Hu
- School of Education and Physical Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- School of Physical Education and Science, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Xingxia Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Xianwang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xianwang Wang,
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Brunetta HS, Townsend LK. Muscle-fat crosstalk: effects of exercise on brown adipose tissue, what do we know? J Physiol 2022; 600:4039-4040. [PMID: 35866569 DOI: 10.1113/jp283516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Effects of Crawling before Walking: Network Interactions and Longitudinal Associations in 7-Year-Old Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095561. [PMID: 35564955 PMCID: PMC9100207 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the impact of crawling before walking (CBW) on network interactions among body composition, the cardiovascular system, lung function, motor competence and physical fitness, at age 7, and to assess the longitudinal association between CBW and body composition, the cardiovascular system, lung function, motor competence, physical fitness and physical activity parameters, at age 7. METHOD CBW, body composition, cardiovascular system, lung function, motor competence, physical fitness and physical activity were assessed in seventy-seven healthy Caucasian children. RESULTS Network analyses revealed that the crawling group had a greater number of links among all the studied variables compared with the non-crawling group. In the longitudinal study, using multiple regression analyses, crawling was independently associated with fat mass (%), fat-to-muscle ratio and systolic blood pressure, with models explaining up to 56.3%, 56.7% and 29.9% of their variance, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CBW during child's development is a possible modulator in the network interactions between body systems and it could influence future metabolic and cardiovascular health.
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Scheel AK, Espelage L, Chadt A. Many Ways to Rome: Exercise, Cold Exposure and Diet-Do They All Affect BAT Activation and WAT Browning in the Same Manner? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094759. [PMID: 35563150 PMCID: PMC9103087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans and the possibility to recruit beige cells with high thermogenic potential within white adipose tissue (WAT) depots opened the field for new strategies to combat obesity and its associated comorbidities. Exercise training as well as cold exposure and dietary components are associated with the enhanced accumulation of metabolically-active beige adipocytes and BAT activation. Both activated beige and brown adipocytes increase their metabolic rate by utilizing lipids to generate heat via non-shivering thermogenesis, which is dependent on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Non-shivering thermogenesis elevates energy expenditure and promotes a negative energy balance, which may ameliorate metabolic complications of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) such as insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Despite the recent advances in pharmacological approaches to reduce obesity and IR by inducing non-shivering thermogenesis in BAT and WAT, the administered pharmacological compounds are often associated with unwanted side effects. Therefore, lifestyle interventions such as exercise, cold exposure, and/or specified dietary regimens present promising anchor points for future disease prevention and treatment of obesity and T2DM. The exact mechanisms where exercise, cold exposure, dietary interventions, and pharmacological treatments converge or rather diverge in their specific impact on BAT activation or WAT browning are difficult to determine. In the past, many reviews have demonstrated the mechanistic principles of exercise- and/or cold-induced BAT activation and WAT browning. In this review, we aim to summarize not only the current state of knowledge on the various mechanistic principles of diverse external stimuli on BAT activation and WAT browning, but also present their translational potential in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Scheel
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Auf’m Hennekamp 65, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.K.S.); (L.E.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, 85764 München, Germany
| | - Lena Espelage
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Auf’m Hennekamp 65, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.K.S.); (L.E.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, 85764 München, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Auf’m Hennekamp 65, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (A.K.S.); (L.E.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, 85764 München, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +49-211-3382-577/430
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The Effects of 21-Day General Rehabilitation after Hip or Knee Surgical Implantation on Plasma Levels of Selected Interleukins, VEGF, TNF-α, PDGF-BB, and Eotaxin-1. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050605. [PMID: 35625533 PMCID: PMC9139046 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rehabilitation in osteoarthritis (OA) patients aims to reduce joint pain and stiffness, preserve or improve joint mobility, and improve patients’ quality of life. This study evaluated the effects of the 21-day individually adjusted general rehabilitation program in 36 OA patients 90 days after hip or knee replacement on selected interleukins (IL) and cytokines using the Bio-Plex® Luminex® system. Serum concentrations of almost all selected anti/pro-inflammatory markers: IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, and of some chemokines: macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α/CCL3), and RANTES/CCL5, and of eotaxin-1/CCL11, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) significantly increased, whereas basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF basic) significantly decreased after the 21-day general rehabilitation. The levels of interferon-γ induced protein 10 (IP-10), MIP-1β/CCL4, macrophage/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2 (MCAF)), granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) remained unchanged. There were no changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines levels: tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and IL-12 (p70)) after the 21-day general rehabilitation, indicating the stable and controlled inflammatory status of osteoarthritis patients. Significantly higher levels of anti-inflammatory factors after 21 days of moderate physical activity confirm the beneficial outcome of the applied therapy. The increased level of IL-6 after the rehabilitation may reflect its anti-inflammatory effect in osteoarthritis patients.
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Kim HJ, Kim YJ, Seong JK. AMP-activated protein kinase activation in skeletal muscle modulates exercise-induced uncoupled protein 1 expression in brown adipocyte in mouse model. J Physiol 2022; 600:2359-2376. [PMID: 35301717 PMCID: PMC9322297 DOI: 10.1113/jp282999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Aerobic exercise is an effective intervention in preventing obesity and is also an important factor associated with thermogenesis. There is an increasing interest in the factors and mechanisms induced by aerobic exercise that can influence the metabolism and thermogenic activity in an individual. Recent studies suggest that exercise induced circulating factors (known as ‘exerkines’), which are able to modulate activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissue. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the effect of exercise‐induced peripheral factors on BAT activation remain poorly understood. Furthermore, the role of exercise training in BAT activation is still debatable. Hence, the purpose of our study is to assess whether exercise training affects the expression of uncoupled protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipocytes via release of different blood factors. Four weeks of exercise training significantly decreased the body weight gain and fat mass gain. Furthermore, trained mice exhibit higher levels of energy expenditure and UCP1 expression than untrained mice. Surprisingly, treatment with serum from exercise‐trained mice increased the expression of UCP1 in differentiated brown adipocytes. To gain a better understanding of these mechanisms, we analysed the conditioned media obtained after treating the C2C12 myotubes with an AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator (AICAR; 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleotide), which leads to an increased expression of UCP1 when added to brown adipocytes. Our observations suggest the possibility of aerobic exercise‐induced BAT activation via activation of AMPK in skeletal muscles. Key points Exercise promotes thermogenesis by activating uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which leads to a decrease in the body weight gain and body fat content. However, little is known about the role of exerkines in modulating UCP1 expression and subsequent brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. Four weeks of voluntary wheel‐running exercise reduces body weight and fat content. Exercise induces the increase in AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and slow‐type muscle fibre marker genes in skeletal muscles and promotes UCP1 expression in white and brown adipose tissues. Incubation of brown adipocytes with serum isolated from exercise‐trained mice significantly increased their UCP1 gene and protein levels; moreover, conditioned media of AMPK‐activator‐treated C2C12 myotubes induces increased UCP1 expression in brown adipocytes. These results show that aerobic exercise‐induced skeletal muscle AMPK has a significant effect on UCP1 expression in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Ju Kim
- The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology, BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Vidal P, Baer LA, Félix-Soriano E, Yang FT, Branch DA, Baskin KK, Stanford KI. Distinct Effects of High-Fat and High-Phosphate Diet on Glucose Metabolism and the Response to Voluntary Exercise in Male Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061201. [PMID: 35334860 PMCID: PMC8951123 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic diseases is rapidly increasing and a principal contributor to this is diet, including increased consumption of energy-rich foods and foods with added phosphates. Exercise is an effective therapeutic approach to combat metabolic disease. While exercise is effective to combat the detrimental effects of a high-fat diet on metabolic health, the effects of exercise on a high-phosphate diet have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we investigated the effects of a high-fat or high-phosphate diet in the presence or absence of voluntary exercise on metabolic function in male mice. To do this, mice were fed a low-fat, normal-phosphate diet (LFPD), a high-phosphate diet (HPD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks and then subdivided into either sedentary or exercised (housed with running wheels) for an additional 8 weeks. An HFD severely impaired metabolic function in mice, increasing total fat mass and worsening whole-body glucose tolerance, while HPD did not induce any notable effects on glucose metabolism. Exercise reverted most of the detrimental metabolic adaptations induced by HFD, decreasing total fat mass and restoring whole-body glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Interestingly, voluntary exercise had a similar effect on LFPD and HPD mice. These data suggest that a high-phosphate diet does not significantly impair glucose metabolism in sedentary or voluntary exercised conditions.
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43
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Kurgan N, Islam H, Matusiak JBL, Baranowski BJ, Stoikos J, Fajardo VA, MacPherson REK, Gurd BJ, Klentrou P. Subcutaneous adipose tissue sclerostin is reduced and Wnt signaling is enhanced following 4-weeks of sprint interval training in young men with obesity. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15232. [PMID: 35312183 PMCID: PMC8935536 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin is a Wnt/β-catenin antagonist, mainly secreted by osteocytes, and most known for its role in reducing bone formation. Studies in rodents suggest sclerostin can also regulate adipose tissue mass and metabolism, representing bone-adipose tissue crosstalk. Exercise training has been shown to reduce plasma sclerostin levels; but the effects of exercise on sclerostin and Wnt/β-catenin signaling specifically within adipose tissue has yet to be examined. The purpose of this study was to examine subcutaneous WAT (scWAT) sclerostin content and Wnt signaling in response to exercise training in young men with obesity. To this end, 7 male participants (BMI = 35 ± 4; 25 ± 4 years) underwent 4 weeks of sprint interval training (SIT) involving 4 weekly sessions consisting of a 5-min warmup, followed by 8 × 20 s intervals at 170% of work rate at VO2peak , separated by 10 s of rest. Serum and scWAT were sampled at rest both pre- and post-SIT. Despite no changes in serum sclerostin levels, we found a significant decrease in adipose sclerostin content (-37%, p = 0.04), an increase in total β-catenin (+52%, p = 0.03), and no changes in GSK3β serine 9 phosphorylation. There were also concomitant reductions in serum TNF-α (-0.36 pg/ml, p = 0.03) and IL-6 (-1.44 pg/ml, p = 0.05) as well as an increase in VO2peak (+5%, p = 0.03) and scWAT COXIV protein content (+95%, p = 0.04). In conclusion, scWAT sclerostin content was reduced and β-catenin content was increased following SIT in young men with excess adiposity, suggesting a role of sclerostin in regulating human adipose tissue in response to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Kurgan
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Hashim Islam
- School of Health and Exercise SciencesUniversity of British Columbia OkanaganKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | - Bradley J. Baranowski
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Department of Health SciencesBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Joshua Stoikos
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | - Val A. Fajardo
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
| | | | - Brendon J. Gurd
- Department of KinesiologyQueens UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of KinesiologyBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle HealthBrock UniversitySt. CatharinesOntarioCanada
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights aspects of brown adipose tissue (BAT) communication with other organ systems and how BAT-to-tissue cross-talk could help elucidate future obesity treatments. RECENT FINDINGS Until recently, research on BAT has focused mainly on its thermogenic activity. New research has identified an endocrine/paracrine function of BAT and determined that many BAT-derived molecules, termed "batokines," affect the physiology of a variety of organ systems and cell types. Batokines encompass a variety of signaling molecules including peptides, metabolites, lipids, or microRNAs. Recent studies have noted significant effects of batokines on physiology as it relates whole-body metabolism and cardiac function. This review will discuss batokines and other BAT processes that affect the liver, cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, immune cells, and brown and white adipose tissue. Brown adipose tissue has a crucial secretory function that plays a key role in systemic physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix T Yang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 460 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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45
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Wang L, Liu X, Liu S, Niu Y, Fu L. Sestrin2 ablation attenuates the exercise-induced browning of white adipose tissue in C57BL/6J mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13785. [PMID: 34995401 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM With exercise, white adipose tissues (WAT) are readily convertible to a "brown-like" state, altering from lipid-storing to energy-catabolizing function, which counteracts obesity and increases insulin sensitivity. Sestrin2 (SESN2) is a stress-inducible protein that can regulate the cold-induced increase of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is paramount for the thermogenic capacity of brown-like WAT. This study aimed to elucidate the necessity of SESN2 in mediating exercise-induced browning of WAT. METHODS We used 8-week, male wild-type and SESN2 knockout C57BL/6J mice to explore the potential role of SESN2 in the exercise-induced WAT browning process. Over a 3-week intervention (sedentary versus treadmill exercise, normal chow versus 60% high-fat diet), we examined the exercise-induced alterations of the browning phenotype in different depots of white fat. In vitro, 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and primary adipocytes were used to determine the potential mechanism. RESULTS Our data revealed that SESN2 was required for the exercise-induced subcutaneous WAT (scWAT) browning. This may be mediated by higher fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) contents in scWAT locally, rather than skeletal muscle FNDC5 expression and circulating serum irisin levels. SESN2 ablation significantly impaired the exercise-improved glucose metabolism, where browning of scWAT may serve as an essential pathway. Moreover, SESN2 ablation significantly attenuated the exercise-promoted respiratory exchange ratio and indexes of energy metabolism (oxygen uptake and energy expenditure). CONCLUSION Taken together, our results provided evidence that SESN2 is a key integrating factor in driving the diverse metabolic benefits conferred by aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation School of Medical Technology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Xinmeng Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation School of Medical Technology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Sujuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology School of Basic Medical Science Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Yanmei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation School of Medical Technology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation School of Medical Technology Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Science Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China
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46
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The Shades of Grey in Adipose Tissue Reprogramming. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:230844. [PMID: 35211733 PMCID: PMC8905306 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipose tissue (AT) has a major role in contributing to obesity-related pathologies through regulating systemic immunometabolism. The pathogenicity of the AT is underpinned by its remarkable plasticity to be reprogrammed during obesity, in the perspectives of tissue morphology, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, angiogenesis, immunometabolic homoeostasis and circadian rhythmicity. Dysregulation in these features escalates the pathogenesis conferred by this endometabolic organ. Intriguingly, the potential to be reprogrammed appears to be an Achilles’ heel of the obese AT that can be targeted for the management of obesity and its associated comorbidities. Here, we provide an overview of the reprogramming processes of white AT (WAT), with a focus on their dynamics and pleiotropic actions over local and systemic homoeostases, followed by a discussion of potential strategies favouring therapeutic reprogramming. The potential involvement of AT remodelling in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is also discussed.
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47
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Bonfante ILP, Monfort-Pires M, Duft RG, da Silva Mateus KC, de Lima Júnior JC, Dos Santos Trombeta JC, Finardi EAR, Brunelli DT, Morari J, de Lima JAB, Bellotto ML, de Araújo TMF, Ramos CD, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Velloso LA, Cavaglieri CR. Combined training increases thermogenic fat activity in patients with overweight and type 2 diabetes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1145-1154. [PMID: 35173278 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is an important strategy in the management of diabetes. Experimental studies have shown that exercise acts, at least in part, by inducing the production of myokines that improve metabolic control and activate brown/beige adipose tissue depots. Combined training (CT) is recommended by the major diabetes guidelines due to its metabolic and cardiovascular benefits, however, its impact on brown/beige adipose tissue activities has never been tested in humans with overweight and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we evaluated the effects of 16-week combined training (CT) program on brown adipose tissue activity; browning and autophagy markers, and serum pro-thermogenic/inflammatory inducers in patients with overweight and T2D. METHODS Thirty-four patients with overweight and T2D were assigned to either a control group (CG) or a combined training group (CTG) in a randomized and controlled study. Functional/fitness parameters, anthropometry/body composition parameters, blood hormone/biochemical parameters, thermogenic/autophagic gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue were evaluated before and at the end of the intervention. In addition, cold-induced 18-Fluoroxyglucose Positron Emission Computed Tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) was performed in the training group before and after the end of the intervention. RESULTS CT increased cervical/supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity (p = 0.03) as well as in perirenal adipose tissue (p = 0.02). In addition, CT increased the expression of genes related to thermogenic profile (TMEM26: + 95%, p = 0.04; and EPSTI1: + 26%, p = 0.03) and decreased autophagic genes (ULK1: -15%, p = 0.04; LC3: -5%, p = 0.02; and ATG4: -22%, p < 0.001) in subcutaneous adipose tissue. There were positive correlations between Δ% BAT activity with Δ% of post training energy expenditure cold exposure, HDL-c, IL4, adiponectin, irisin, meteorin-like, and TMEM26 and ZIC1 genes, besides negative correlations with LDL-c, total cholesterol and C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION This is the first evidence of the beneficial actions of CT on adipose tissue thermogenic activity in humans, and it adds important support for the recommendation of CT as a strategy in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Luiz Padilha Bonfante
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil. .,Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, Hortolândia campus, Hortolândia, SP, 13183-091, Brazil.
| | - Milena Monfort-Pires
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Renata Garbellini Duft
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Keryma Chaves da Silva Mateus
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - José Carlos de Lima Júnior
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | | | | | - Diego Trevisan Brunelli
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Joseane Morari
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Luisa Bellotto
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Thiago Matos Ferreira de Araújo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Celso Darío Ramos
- Department of Radiology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | | | - Licio Augusto Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil.,Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Regina Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
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48
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Vladimirsky VE, Vladimirsky EV, Lunina AN, Fesyun AD, Rachin AP, Lebedeva OD, Yakovlev MY, Tubekova MA. [Molecular mechanisms of adaptive and therapeutic effects of physical activity in patients with cardiovascular diseases]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOI FIZICHESKOI KULTURY 2022; 99:69-77. [PMID: 35485663 DOI: 10.17116/kurort20229902169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is one of the main components of the rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). As shown by practice and the results of evidence-based studies, the beneficial effects of physical activity on disease outcomes in a number of cardiac nosologies are comparable to drug treatment. This gives the doctor another tool to influence the unfavorable epidemiological situation in developed countries with the spread of diseases of the cardiovascular system and CVD mortality. Reliable positive results of cardiorehabilitation (CR) were obtained using various methods. The goal of CR is to restore the optimal physiological, psychological and professional status, reduce the risk of CVD and mortality. In most current CVD guidelines worldwide, cardiac rehabilitation is a Class I recommendation. The molecular mechanisms described in the review, initiated by physical activity, underlie the multifactorial effect of the latter on the function of the cardiovascular system and the course of cardiac diseases. Physical exercise is an important component of the therapeutic management of patients with CVD, which is supported by the results of a meta-analysis of 63 studies associated with various forms of aerobic exercise of varying intensity (from 50 to 95% VO2) for 1 to 47 months, which showed that CR based on physical exercise improves cardiorespiratory endurance. Knowledge of the molecular basis of the influence of physical activity makes it possible to use biochemical markers to assess the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A N Lunina
- Wagner Perm State Medical University, Perm, Russia
| | - A D Fesyun
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - A P Rachin
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - O D Lebedeva
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Yu Yakovlev
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Tubekova
- National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
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49
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Moslehi E, Minasian V, Sadeghi H. Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Browning, Serum Orexin-A, and Insulin Resistance Following Aerobic Exercise in High-Fat Diet Obesity Male Wistar Rats. Int J Prev Med 2021; 12:132. [PMID: 34912508 PMCID: PMC8631127 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_110_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) relative to the other adipose tissues may have different roles in health and insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of aerobic exercise on SAT thermogenesis indices, serum orexin-A (OXA), and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-induced obesity male Wistar rats. Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats with an average weight of 180-200 g were randomly assigned into 4 equal groups: normal fat diet (NFD), high-fat diet obesity (HFDO), normal fat diet after high-fat diet obesity (HFDO-NFD), and aerobic exercise group with normal fat diet after high-fat diet obesity (HFDO-AEX). Fasting levels of serum OXA, insulin, FBS, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, cholesterol and gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and UCP1 in SAT were evaluated. Samples were taken in the HFDO group after obesity-induced and in other groups 48 h after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise. Results The results showed that HFD significantly decreased serum levels of OXA, HDL-c and gene expression of PGC1α and UCP1 in SAT. In addition, it caused a significant increase in Lee index, FBS, insulin resistance, and serum lipid profile in comparison with the NFD group (P ≤ 0.001). Aerobic exercise significantly modified the changes caused by HFD to the normal levels (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions These data suggest that aerobic exercise caused an improvement in insulin resistance and blood lipid profiles through an increase in the serum level of OXA and alteration in the SAT phenotype from white to brown or beige.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Moslehi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vazgen Minasian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Heibatollah Sadeghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, I.R. Iran
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50
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Zhuang H, Karvinen S, Törmäkangas T, Zhang X, Ojanen X, Velagapudi V, Alen M, Britton SL, Koch LG, Kainulainen H, Cheng S, Wiklund P. Interactive effects of aging and aerobic capacity on energy metabolism-related metabolites of serum, skeletal muscle, and white adipose tissue. GeroScience 2021; 43:2679-2691. [PMID: 34089174 PMCID: PMC8602622 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic capacity is a strong predictor of longevity. With aging, aerobic capacity decreases concomitantly with changes in whole body metabolism leading to increased disease risk. To address the role of aerobic capacity, aging, and their interaction on metabolism, we utilized rat models selectively bred for low and high intrinsic aerobic capacity (LCRs/HCRs) and compared the metabolomics of serum, muscle, and white adipose tissue (WAT) at two time points: Young rats were sacrificed at 9 months of age, and old rats were sacrificed at 21 months of age. Targeted and semi-quantitative metabolomics analysis was performed on the ultra-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) platform. The effects of aerobic capacity, aging, and their interaction were studied via regression analysis. Our results showed that high aerobic capacity is associated with an accumulation of isovalerylcarnitine in muscle and serum at rest, which is likely due to more efficient leucine catabolism in muscle. With aging, several amino acids were downregulated in muscle, indicating more efficient amino acid metabolism, whereas in WAT less efficient amino acid metabolism and decreased mitochondrial β-oxidation were observed. Our results further revealed that high aerobic capacity and aging interactively affect lipid metabolism in muscle and WAT, possibly combating unfavorable aging-related changes in whole body metabolism. Our results highlight the significant role of WAT metabolism for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sira Karvinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Timo Törmäkangas
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Ojanen
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Alen
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Heikki Kainulainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sulin Cheng
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Petri Wiklund
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Huawei Helsinki Research Center, Huawei Technologies Oy (Finland) Co. Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
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