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Garmo LC, Herroon MK, Mecca S, Wilson A, Allen DR, Agarwal M, Kim S, Petriello MC, Podgorski I. The long-chain polyfluorinated alkyl substance perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) promotes bone marrow adipogenesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 491:117047. [PMID: 39111555 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.117047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) bioaccumulate in different organ systems, including bone. While existing research highlights the adverse impact of PFAS on bone density, a critical gap remains in understanding the specific effects on the bone marrow microenvironment, especially the bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT). Changes in BMAT have been linked to various health consequences, such as the development of osteoporosis and the progression of metastatic tumors in bone. Studies presented herein demonstrate that exposure to a mixture of five environmentally relevant PFAS compounds promotes marrow adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We show that among the components of the mixture, PFHxS, an alternative to PFOS, has the highest propensity to accumulate in bone and effectively promote marrow adipogenesis. Utilizing RNAseq approaches, we identified the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling as a top pathway modulated by PFHxS exposure. Furthermore, we provide results suggesting the activation and involvement of PPAR-gamma (PPARγ) in PFHxS-mediated bone marrow adipogenesis, especially in combination with high-fat diet. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the potential impact of elevated PFHxS levels, particularly in occupational settings, on bone health, and specifically bone marrow adiposity. This study contributes new insights into the health risks of PFHxS exposure, urging further research on the relationship between environmental factors, diet, and adipose tissue dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laimar C Garmo
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Mackenzie K Herroon
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Shane Mecca
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Alexis Wilson
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - David R Allen
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Manisha Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Seongho Kim
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Michael C Petriello
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America; Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, United States of America.
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Li B, Liu S, He Z, Luo E, Liu H. The role of zinc finger proteins in the fate determination of mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 167:106507. [PMID: 38142772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) constitute a crucial group of transcription factors widely present in various organisms. They act as transcription factors, nucleases, and RNA-binding proteins, playing significant roles in cell differentiation, growth, and development. With extensive research on ZFPs, their roles in the determination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) fate during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation processes have become increasingly clear. ZFP521, for instance, is identified as an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway and RUNX2's transcriptional activity, effectively suppressing osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, ZFP217 contributes to the inhibition of adipogenic differentiation by reducing the M6A level of the cell cycle regulator cyclin D1 (CCND1). In addition, other ZFPs can also influence the fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation through various signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic controls, participating in the subsequent differentiation and maturation of precursor cells. Given the prevalent occurrence of osteoporosis, obesity, and related metabolic disorders, a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms balancing bone and fat metabolism is essential, with a particular focus on the fate determination of MSCs in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of how zinc finger proteins influence the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs through different signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, we outline the regulatory mechanisms of ZFPs in controlling osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation based on various stages of MSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ze He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Li J, Lu L, Liu L, Wang C, Xie Y, Li H, Tian L, Yu X. The unique role of bone marrow adipose tissue in ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice. Endocrine 2024; 83:77-91. [PMID: 37682419 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is always seen in osteoporosis induced by estrogen deficiency. Herein, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms and consequences of this phenomenon by establishing a mouse model of osteoporosis caused by ovariectomy (OVX)-mimicked estrogen deficiency. METHODS Micro-CT, osmium tetroxide staining, and histological analyses were performed to examine the changes in bone microstructure, BMAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) in OVX mice compared to sham mice. The osteogenesis and adipogenesis of primary bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) isolated from sham and OVX mice were compared in vitro. The molecular phenotypes of BMAT and WAT were determined and compared by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Bone marrow adipocyte-conditioned medium (BMA CM) was prepared from sham or OVX mice for coculture assays, and BMSCs or bone marrow monocytes/macrophages (BMMs) were isolated and subjected to osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, respectively. Cell staining and qPCR were used to assess the effects of BMAT on bone metabolism. RESULTS OVX-induced estrogen deficiency induced reductions in both cortical and trabecular bone mass along with an expansion of BMAT volume. At the cellular level, loss of estrogen inhibited BMSC osteogenesis and promoted BMSC adipogenesis, whereas addition of estradiol exerted the opposite effects. In response to estrogen deficiency, despite the common proinflammatory molecular phenotype observed in both fat depots, BMAT, unlike WAT, unexpectedly exhibited an increase in adipocyte differentiation and lipolytic activity as well as the maintenance of insulin sensitivity. Importantly, BMAT, but not WAT, presented increased mRNA levels of both BMP receptor inhibitors (Grem1, Chrdl1) and Rankl following OVX. In addition, treatment with BMA CM, especially from OVX mice, suppressed the osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs while favoring the osteoclast differentiation of BMMs. CONCLUSION Our study illustrates that OVX-induced estrogen deficiency results in bone loss and BMAT expansion by triggering imbalance between the osteogenesis and adipogenesis of BMSCs. Furthermore, expanded BMAT, unlike typical WAT, may negatively regulate bone homeostasis through paracrine inhibition of osteoblast-mediated bone formation and promotion of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lingyun Lu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hong Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Tian
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Labayen I, Cadenas-Sánchez C, Idoate F, Medrano M, Tobalina I, Villanueva A, Rodríguez-Vigil B, Álvarez de Eulate N, Osés M, Cabeza R. Liver Fat, Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue, and Bone Mineral Density in Children With Overweight. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e253-e258. [PMID: 37490040 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hepatic steatosis is associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Bone marrow fat fraction (BMFF) could play a role in this relationship in children with obesity. OBJECTIVE The objectives of this work were (i) to examine the relationship between the lumbar spine (LS) BMFF and BMD, and (ii) to explore the mediating role of LS-BMFF on the relationship between percentage hepatic fat with LS-BMD in preadolescent children with overweight/obesity. METHODS Hepatic fat and LS-BMFF (magnetic resonance imaging) and areal LS-BMD (LS-aBMD, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) were measured in 106 children (aged 10.6 ± 1.1 years, 53.8% girls) with overweight/obesity. RESULTS LS-BMFF was inversely associated with LS-aBMD (r = -0.313; P = .001) and directly related with percentage hepatic fat (r = 0.276; P = .005). LS-BMFF was significantly greater in children with than without hepatic steatosis (P = .003; Cohen's d: 0.61; 95% CI, -0.21 to 1.0), while no significant difference was seen between children with overweight and those with obesity (P = .604; Cohen's d: 0.16; 95% CI, -0.21-0.55). Mediating analysis indicated that LS-BMFF is an important mediator (50%) in the association of hepatic fat with lower LS-aBMD (indirect effect: β = -.076; 95% CI, -0.143 to -0.015). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that hepatic steatosis, rather than overall excess adiposity, is associated with greater bone marrow adipose tissue in preadolescent children with overweight/obesity, which in turn, is related to lower BMD. Hepatic steatosis could be a potential biomarker of osteoporosis risk, and a therapeutic target for interventions that aim to reduce not only hepatic steatosis, but for those designed to improve bone health in such children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Labayen
- Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation (ISFOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31006 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sánchez
- Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation (ISFOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31006 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Fernando Idoate
- Radiology Department, Mutua Navarra, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31012 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
| | - María Medrano
- Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation (ISFOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31006 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Tobalina
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Araba (HUA), Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01004 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Arantxa Villanueva
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering, Smart Cities Institute, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Vigil
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Hospital of Araba (HUA), Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Osatek, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01004 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain
| | | | - Maddi Osés
- Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation (ISFOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31006 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
| | - Rafael Cabeza
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering, Smart Cities Institute, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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Song Y, Wei D, Raza SHA, Zhao Y, Jiang C, Song X, Wu H, Wang X, Luoreng Z, Ma Y. Research progress of intramuscular fat formation based on co-culture. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3216-3236. [PMID: 36200856 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2127410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is closely related to the meat quality of livestock and poultry. As a new cell culture technique in vitro, cell co-culture has been gradually applied to the related research of IMF formation because it can simulate the changes of microenvironment in vivo during the process of IMF cell formation. In the co-culture model, in addition to studying the effects of skeletal muscle cells on the proliferation and differentiation of IMF, we can also consider the role of many secretion factors in the formation of IMF, thus making the cell research in vitro closer to the real level in vivo. This paper reviewed the generation and origin of IMF, summarized the existing co-culture methods and systems, and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each method as well as the challenges faced in the establishment of the system, with emphasis on the current status of research on the formation of IMF for human and animal based on co-culture technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Song
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Dawei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | | | - Yiang Zhao
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Xingping Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhuoma Luoreng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
| | - Yun Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yin Chuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular Cell Breeding, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan, China
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Wan S, Xie J, Liang Y, Yu X. Pathological roles of bone marrow adipocyte-derived monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in type 2 diabetic mice. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:412. [PMID: 37957155 PMCID: PMC10643445 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01708-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a prevalent public health concern, with beta-cell dysfunction involved in its pathogenesis. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) increases in both the quantity and area in individuals with T2DM along with heightened monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) secretion. This study aims to investigate the influence and underlying mechanisms of MCP-1 originating from bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) on systemic glucose homeostasis in T2DM. Initially, a substantial decrease in the proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) of islet cells was observed. Moreover, a comparative analysis between the control (Ctrl) group and db/db mice revealed significant alterations in the gene expression profiles of whole bone marrow cells, with a noteworthy upregulation of Mcp-1. And the primary enriched pathways included chemokine signaling pathway and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications. In addition, the level of MCP-1 was distinctly elevated in BMA-derived conditional media (CM), leading to a substantial inhibition of proliferation, GSIS and the protein level of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) in Min6 cells. After blocking MCP-1 pathway, we observed a restoration of p-Akt and the proliferation of islet cells, resulting in a marked improvement in disordered glucose homeostasis. In summary, there is an accumulation of BMAs in T2DM, which secrete excessive MCP-1, exacerbating the abnormal accumulation of BMAs in the bone marrow cavity through paracrine signaling. The upregulated MCP-1, in turn, worsens glucose metabolism disorder by inhibiting the proliferation and insulin secretion of islet cells through an endocrine pathway. Inhibiting MCP-1 signaling can partially restore the proliferation and insulin secretion of islet cells, ultimately ameliorating glucose metabolism disorder. It's worth noting that to delve deeper into the impact of MCP-1 derived from BMAs on islet cells and its potential mechanisms, it is imperative to develop genetically engineered mice with conditional Mcp-1 knockout from BMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wan
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinwei Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism/Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Gu Y, Avolio E, Alvino VV, Thomas AC, Herman A, Miller PJ, Sullivan N, Faulkner A, Madeddu P. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor Dasatinib reduces cardiac steatosis and fibrosis in obese, type 2 diabetic mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:214. [PMID: 37592236 PMCID: PMC10436421 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac steatosis is an early yet overlooked feature of diabetic cardiomyopathy. There is no available therapy to treat this condition. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used as first or second-line therapy in different types of cancer. In cancer patients with diabetes mellitus, TKIs reportedly improved glycemic control, allowing insulin discontinuation. They also reduced liver steatosis in a murine model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The present study aimed to determine the therapeutic effect of the second-generation TKI Dasatinib on lipid accumulation and cardiac function in obese, type 2 diabetic mice. We also assessed if the drug impacts extra-cardiac fat tissue depots. METHODS Two studies on 21-week-old male obese leptin receptor mutant BKS.Cg-+Leprdb/+Leprdb/OlaHsd (db/db) mice compared the effect of Dasatinib (5 mg/kg) and vehicle (10% DMSO + 90% PEG-300) given via gavage once every three days for a week or once every week for four weeks. Functional and volumetric indices were studied using echocardiography. Post-mortem analyses included the assessment of fat deposits and fibrosis using histology, and senescence using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The anti-adipogenic action of Dasatinib was investigated on human bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Unpaired parametric or non-parametric tests were used to compare two and multiple groups as appropriate. RESULTS Dasatinib reduced steatosis and fibrosis in the heart of diabetic mice. The drug also reduced BM adiposity but did not affect other fat depots. These structural changes were associated with improved diastolic indexes, specifically the E/A ratio and non-flow time. Moreover, Dasatinib-treated mice had lower levels of p16 in the heart compared with vehicle-treated controls, suggesting an inhibitory impact of the drug on the senescence signalling pathway. In vitro, Dasatinib inhibited human BM-MSC viability and adipogenesis commitment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Dasatinib opposes heart and BM adiposity and cardiac fibrosis. In the heart, this was associated with favourable functional consequences, namely improvement in an index of diastolic function. Repurposing TKI for cardiac benefit could address the unmet need of diabetic cardiac steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gu
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Elisa Avolio
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Valeria V Alvino
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Anita C Thomas
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Andrew Herman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Poppy J Miller
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | | | - Ashton Faulkner
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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He N, Liu M, Wu Y. Adipose tissue and hematopoiesis: Friend or foe? J Clin Lab Anal 2023; 37:e24872. [PMID: 36972475 PMCID: PMC10156104 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Hematopoietic stem cells are the origin of all hematopoietic cells. They have the self-renewal ability and can differentiate into various blood cells. In physiological state, most of the hematopoietic stem cells are dormant, and only a few cells proliferate to maintain hematopoietic homeostasis. METHODS This precise steady-state maintenance is regulated by complex mechanisms. Bone marrow adipocytes make up half of all cells in the bone marrow cavity, a feature that has attracted the attention of researchers from multiple fields. The adipocyte density within marrow increases during aging and obesity. RESULTS Recent studies have shown that bone marrow adipocytes play important roles in regulating hematopoiesis, but the effects of bone marrow adipocytes on hematopoiesis are often conflicting. Bone marrow adipocytes, participating in the formation of bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment, influence hematopoiesis positively or negatively. In addition, other adipose tissue, especially white adipose tissue, also regulates hematopoiesis. CONCLUSION In this review, we describe the role of adipose tissue in hematological malignancies, which may be useful for understanding hematopoiesis and the pathogenesis of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na He
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue: Regulation of Osteoblastic Niche, Hematopoiesis and Hematological Malignancies. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10531-3. [PMID: 36930385 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) creates a specific microniche within multifunctional bone marrow (BM) ecosystem which imposes changes in surrounding cells and at systemic level. Moreover, BMAT contributes to spatial and temporal separation and metabolic compartmentalization of BM, thus regulating BM homeostasis and diseases. Recent findings have identified novel progenitor subsets of bone marrow adipocytes (BMAd)s recruited during the BM adipogenesis within different skeletal and hematopoietic stem cell niches. Potential of certain mesenchymal BM cells to differentiate into both osteogenic and adipogenic lineages, contributes to the complex interplay of BMAT with endosteal (osteoblastic) niche compartments as an important cellular player in bone tissue homeostasis. Targeting and ablation of BMAT cells at certain states might be an optional and promising strategy for improvement of bone health. Additionally, recent findings demonstrated spatial distribution of BMAds related to hematopoietic cells and pointed out important functional roles in the vital processes such as long-term hematopoiesis. BM adipogenesis appears to be an emergency phenomenon that follows the production of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell niche factors, thus regulating physiological, stressed, and malignant hematopoiesis. Lipolytic and secretory activity of BMAds can influence survival and proliferation of hematopoietic cells at different maturation stages. Due to their different lipid status, constitutive and regulated BMAds are important determinants of normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. Further elucidation of cellular and molecular players involved in BMAT expansion and crosstalk with malignant cells is of paramount importance for conceiving the new therapies for improvement of BM health.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Exocytotic Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032085. [PMID: 36768406 PMCID: PMC9916886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as a kind of pluripotent stem cells, have attracted much attention in orthopedic diseases, geriatric diseases, metabolic diseases, and sports functions due to their osteogenic potential, chondrogenic differentiation ability, and adipocyte differentiation. Anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, angiogenesis promotion, neurogenesis, immune regulation, and secreted growth factors, proteases, hormones, cytokines, and chemokines of MSCs have been widely studied in liver and kidney diseases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In recent years, many studies have shown that the extracellular vesicles of MSCs have similar functions to MSCs transplantation in all the above aspects. Here we review the research progress of MSCs and their exocrine vesicles in recent years.
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Fairfield H, Condruti R, Farrell M, Di Iorio R, Gartner CA, Vary C, Reagan MR. Development and characterization of three cell culture systems to investigate the relationship between primary bone marrow adipocytes and myeloma cells. Front Oncol 2023; 12:912834. [PMID: 36713534 PMCID: PMC9874147 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.912834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique properties of the bone marrow (BM) allow for migration and proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) cells while also providing the perfect environment for development of quiescent, drug-resistant MM cell clones. BM adipocytes (BMAds) have recently been identified as important contributors to systemic adipokine levels, bone strength, hematopoiesis, and progression of metastatic and primary BM cancers, such as MM. Recent studies in myeloma suggest that BMAds can be reprogrammed by tumor cells to contribute to myeloma-induced bone disease, and, reciprocally, BMAds support MM cells in vitro. Importantly, most data investigating BMAds have been generated using adipocytes generated by differentiating BM-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) into adipocytes in vitro using adipogenic media, due to the extreme technical challenges associated with isolating and culturing primary adipocytes. However, if studies could be performed with primary adipocytes, then they likely will recapitulate in vivo biology better than BMSC-derived adipocytes, as the differentiation process is artificial and differs from in vivo differentiation, and progenitor cell(s) of the primary BMAd (pBMAds) may not be the same as the BMSCs precursors used for adipogenic differentiation in vitro. Therefore, we developed and refined three methods for culturing pBMAds: two-dimensional (2D) coverslips, 2D transwells, and three-dimensional (3D) silk scaffolds, all of which can be cultured alone or with MM cells to investigate bidirectional tumor-host signaling. To develop an in vitro model with a tissue-like structure to mimic the BM microenvironment, we developed the first 3D, tissue engineered model utilizing pBMAds derived from human BM. We found that pBMAds, which are extremely fragile, can be isolated and stably cultured in 2D for 10 days and in 3D for up to 4 week in vitro. To investigate the relationship between pBMAds and myeloma, MM cells can be added to investigate physical relationships through confocal imaging and soluble signaling molecules via mass spectrometry. In summary, we developed three in vitro cell culture systems to study pBMAds and myeloma cells, which could be adapted to investigate many diseases and biological processes involving the BM, including other bone-homing tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Fairfield
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, United States,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Mariah Farrell
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, United States,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Reagan Di Iorio
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, United States,University of New England, Biddeford, ME, United States
| | - Carlos A. Gartner
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, United States,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Calvin Vary
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, United States,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME, United States,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Michaela R. Reagan,
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12
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Cao F, Yang M, Cheng Y, Zhang X, Shi L, Li N. Correlation analysis of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and clinical characteristics and cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus comorbid major depressive disorder. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1081393. [PMID: 37213540 PMCID: PMC10192629 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1081393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are both chronic diseases, and they are often co-morbid. Usually, T2DM and MDD are associated with cognitive impairment, and the comorbidity status of both may increase the risk of cognitive impairment, but the underlying pathogenesis is not clear. Studies have shown that inflammation, especially monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), could be associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus comorbid major depressive disorder. Aims To investigate the correlations of MCP-1 with clinical characteristics and cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients combined with major depressive disorder. Methods A total of 84 participants were recruited in this study, including 24 healthy controls (HC), 21 T2DM patients, 23 MDD patients, and 16 T2DM combined with MDD (TD) patients, to measure the serum MCP-1 levels using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). And the cognitive function, depression, and anxiety degree were assessed using Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-17), and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), respectively. Results (1) Serum MCP-1 expression levels in the TD group were higher than HC, T2DM, and MDD groups, respectively (p < 0.05). And compared with HC and MDD groups, serum MCP-1 levels in the T2DM group were higher (p < 0.05) statistically. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve showed that MCP-1 could diagnose T2DM at cut-off values of 503.8 pg./mL (sensitivity 80.95%, specificity 79.17%, AUC = 0.7956) and of 718.1 pg./mL for TD (sensitivity 81.25%, specificity 91.67%, AUC = 0.9271). (2) Group differences in cognitive function were significant. Compared with the HC group, total RBANS scores, attention scores, and language scores in the TD group were lower, respectively (p < 0.05), and total RBANS scores, attention scores, and visuospatial/constructional scores in the MDD group were lower, respectively (p < 0.05). Compared with the T2DM group, immediate memory scores in HC, MDD, and TD groups were lower, respectively, and total RBANS scores in TD were lower (p < 0.05). (3) Correlation analysis showed that hip circumference was negatively correlated with MCP-1 levels in the T2DM group (R = -0.483, p = 0.027), but the correlation disappeared after adjusting age and gender (r = -0.372; p = 0.117), and there were no significant correlations between MCP-1 and other variables. Conclusion MCP-1 may be involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients combined with major depressive disorder. And MCP-1 may be significant for the early evaluation and diagnosis of TD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Third People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Mei Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Shi
- The First People’s Hospital of Yuxi, Yuxi, Yunnan, China
| | - Na Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- *Correspondence: Na Li,
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13
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Isaković J, Šerer K, Barišić B, Mitrečić D. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for neurological disorders: The light or the dark side of the force? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1139359. [PMID: 36926687 PMCID: PMC10011535 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1139359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are recognized as major causes of death and disability worldwide. Because of this, they represent one of the largest public health challenges. With awareness of the massive burden associated with these disorders, came the recognition that treatment options were disproportionately scarce and, oftentimes, ineffective. To address these problems, modern research is increasingly looking into novel, more effective methods to treat neurological patients; one of which is cell-based therapies. In this review, we present a critical analysis of the features, challenges, and prospects of one of the stem cell types that can be employed to treat numerous neurological disorders-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Despite the fact that several studies have already established the safety of MSC-based treatment approaches, there are still some reservations within the field regarding their immunocompatibility, heterogeneity, stemness stability, and a range of adverse effects-one of which is their tumor-promoting ability. We additionally examine MSCs' mechanisms of action with respect to in vitro and in vivo research as well as detail the findings of past and ongoing clinical trials for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, ischemic stroke, glioblastoma multiforme, and multiple sclerosis. Finally, this review discusses prospects for MSC-based therapeutics in the form of biomaterials, as well as the use of electromagnetic fields to enhance MSCs' proliferation and differentiation into neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Isaković
- Omnion Research International, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klara Šerer
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Barišić
- University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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14
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Entz L, Falgayrac G, Chauveau C, Pasquier G, Lucas S. The extracellular matrix of human bone marrow adipocytes and glucose concentration differentially alter mineralization quality without impairing osteoblastogenesis. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101622. [PMID: 36187598 PMCID: PMC9519944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) accrue in various states of osteoporosis and interfere with bone remodeling through the secretion of various factors. However, involvement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by BMAds in the impairment of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (BM-MSC) osteoblastogenesis has received little attention. In type 2 diabetes (T2D), skeletal fragility is associated with several changes in bone quality that are incompletely understood, and BMAd quantity increases in relationship to poor glycemic control. Considering their altered phenotype in this pathophysiological context, we aimed to determine the contribution of the ECM of mature BMAds to osteoblastogenesis and mineralization quality in the context of chronic hyperglycemia. Human BM-MSCs were differentiated for 21 days in adipogenic medium containing either a normoglycemic (LG, 5.5 mM) or a high glucose concentration (HG, 25 mM). The ECM laid down by BMAds were devitalized through cell removal to examine their impact on the proliferation and differentiation of BM-MSCs toward osteoblastogenesis in LG and HG conditions. Compared to control plates, both adipocyte ECMs promoted cell adhesion and proliferation. As shown by the unmodified RUNX2 and osteocalcin mRNA levels, BM-MSC commitment in osteoblastogenesis was hampered by neither the hyperglycemic condition nor the adipocyte matrices. However, adipocyte ECMs or HG condition altered the mineralization phase with perturbed expression levels of type 1 collagen, MGP and osteopontin. Despite higher ALP activity, mineralization levels per cell were decreased for osteoblasts grown on adipocyte ECMs compared to controls. Raman spectrometry revealed that culturing on adipocyte matrices specifically prevents type-B carbonate substitution and favors collagen crosslinking, in contrast to exposure to HG concentration alone. Moreover, the mineral to organic ratio was disrupted according to the presence of adipocyte ECM and the glucose concentration used for adipocyte or osteoblast culture. HG concentration and adipocyte ECM lead to different defects in mineralization quality, recapitulating contradictory changes reported in T2D osteoporosis. Our study shows that ECMs from BMAds do not impair osteoblastogenesis but alter both the quantity and quality of mineralization partly in a glucose concentration-dependent manner. This finding sheds light on the involvement of BMAds, which should be considered in the compromised bone quality of T2D and osteoporosis patients more generally. Glucose level alters the Extracellular Matrix composition of Bone Marrow adipocytes. Osteoblastogenesis on adipocyte ECMs is unaltered but produced less mineral amount. The quality of the mineral is altered differently by adipocyte ECMs or glucose levels. The presence of BM adipocytes should be valued in damaged osteoporosis bone quality.
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Key Words
- AGEs, Advanced glycation end-products
- BM-MSC, Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell
- BMAd, Bone marrow adipocyte
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- ECMBMAd HG, Extracellular matrix obtained from BMAds cultured in HG concentration
- ECMBMAd LG, Extracellular matrix obtained from BMAds cultured in LG concentration
- ECMBMAd, Extracellular matrix obtained from BMAds
- Extracellular matrix
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- HA, hydroxyapatite
- HG, High glucose
- Hyperglycemia
- LG, Low glucose
- LGM, Low glucose and mannitol
- Marrow adipocytes
- Osteoblast
- Osteoporosis
- Skeletal mesenchymal stromal cells
- T2D, Type 2 diabetes
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Baumbach A, Cui YX, Evans RN, Culliford L, Johnson T, Rogers CA, Reeves BC, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Harris J, Hamilton M, Madeddu P. A cohort study of circulating progenitor cells after ST-segment elevation and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in non-diabetic and diabetic patients. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1011140. [DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1011140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMyocardial infarction induces elevation of progenitor cells in the circulation, a reparative response inhibited by type-2 diabetes.ObjectivesDetermine if myocardial infarct severity and diabetes interactively influence the migratory activity of CD34+/CXCR4+ progenitor cells and if the migratory test predicts cardiac outcomes.Materials and methodsA longitudinal study was conducted on patients with or without diabetes with a STEMI or NSTEMI. CD34+/CXCR4+ cells were measured in the peripheral blood using flow cytometry, and migratory activity was tested in vitro on cells isolated from samples collected on days 0 and 4 post-infarct. Cardiac function was assessed at three months using cardiac MRI.ResultsOf 1,149 patients screened, 71 (6.3%) were eligible and consented. Fifty had STEMI (16 with diabetes) and 21 NSTEMI (8 with diabetes). The proportion of CD34+/CXCR4+ cells within blood mononuclear cells was 1.96 times higher after STEMI compared with NSTEMI (GMR = 1.96, 95% CI 0.87, 4.37) and 1.55 times higher in patients with diabetes compared to patients without diabetes (GMR = 1.55, 95% CI 0.77, 3.13). In the latter, STEMI was associated with a 2.42-times higher proportion of migrated CD34 + /CXCR4 + cells compared with NSTEMI (GMR = 2.42, 95% CI 0.66, 8.81). In patients with diabetes, the association was the opposite, with a 55% reduction in the proportion of migrated CD34+/CXCR4+ cells. No statistically significant associations were observed between the frequency in peripheral blood or in vitro migration capacity of CD34+/CXCR4+ cells and MRI outcomes.ConclusionWe document the interaction between infarct and diabetes on the migratory activity of CD34+/CXCR4+ cells. The test did not predict functional outcomes in the studied cohort.
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16
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Dysregulated transforming growth factor-beta mediates early bone marrow dysfunction in diabetes. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1145. [DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDiabetes affects select organs such as the eyes, kidney, heart, and brain. Our recent studies show that diabetes also enhances adipogenesis in the bone marrow and reduces the number of marrow-resident vascular regenerative stem cells. In the current study, we have performed a detailed spatio-temporal examination to identify the early changes that are induced by diabetes in the bone marrow. Here we show that short-term diabetes causes structural and molecular changes in the marrow, including enhanced adipogenesis in tibiae of mice, prior to stem cell depletion. This enhanced adipogenesis was associated with suppressed transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) signaling. Using human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells, we show that TGFB pathway suppresses adipogenic differentiation through TGFB-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). These findings may inform the development of novel therapeutic targets for patients with diabetes to restore regenerative stem cell function.
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17
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Ou X, Wen T, Ying J, He Q, Xuan A, Ruan D. MCP‑1/CCR2 axis inhibits the chondrogenic differentiation of human nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:277. [PMID: 35856417 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xuancheng Ou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Central Hospital of Yongzhou, Yongzhou, Hunan 425000, P.R. China
| | - Tianyong Wen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Jinwei Ying
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Anwu Xuan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Dike Ruan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Sixth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
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Quincey A, Mohan S, Edderkaoui B. Monocyte Chemotactic Proteins Mediate the Effects of Hyperglycemia in Chondrocytes: In Vitro Studies. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060836. [PMID: 35743867 PMCID: PMC9224901 DOI: 10.3390/life12060836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are secreted by a large variety of cells. They are involved in controlling cell trafficking, maturation, and differentiation. However, the specific responses and effects of chemokines on specific skeletal cell types under high glucose conditions have not been investigated. Chondrocytes play an important role in osteoarthritis and fracture healing. Delayed fracture healing is one of the major health complications caused by diabetes, so the goal of this study was to evaluate the response of several chemokines to high glucose conditions in chondrocyte cells and analyze their role in the catabolic effect of hyperglycemia. ATDC5 chondrocytes were cultured in normal and high glucose media, and mRNA expression levels of several chemokines and chondrocyte differentiation markers were quantified. Bindarit, a specific inhibitor of monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCPs), was used to determine the role of MCPs in mediating the effects of high glucose conditions in chondrocyte cells. High glucose treatment upregulated the expression of three Mcps, as well as the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (Mmp13) and Osteocalcin (Oc). Furthermore, bindarit treatment downregulated Mmp13 and Oc but upregulated Collagen 2 (Col2) mRNA levels in chondrocytes treated with high glucose. Moreover, treatment of chondrocytes with ascorbic acid reduced the effect of high glucose conditions on the expression of chemokines and Mmps. These data together suggest that MCPs mediate the catabolic effect of high glucose in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Quincey
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Research Service, VA Loma Linda Healthcare Systems, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA; (A.Q.); (S.M.)
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Research Service, VA Loma Linda Healthcare Systems, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA; (A.Q.); (S.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Bouchra Edderkaoui
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Research Service, VA Loma Linda Healthcare Systems, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA; (A.Q.); (S.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kandarakov O, Belyavsky A, Semenova E. Bone Marrow Niches of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084462. [PMID: 35457280 PMCID: PMC9032554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian hematopoietic system is remarkably efficient in meeting an organism’s vital needs, yet is highly sensitive and exquisitely regulated. Much of the organismal control over hematopoiesis comes from the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by specific microenvironments called niches in bone marrow (BM), where HSCs reside. The experimental studies of the last two decades using the most sophisticated and advanced techniques have provided important data on the identity of the niche cells controlling HSCs functions and some mechanisms underlying niche-HSC interactions. In this review we discuss various aspects of organization and functioning of the HSC cell niche in bone marrow. In particular, we review the anatomy of BM niches, various cell types composing the niche, niches for more differentiated cells, metabolism of HSCs in relation to the niche, niche aging, leukemic transformation of the niche, and the current state of HSC niche modeling in vitro.
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Hematopoietic Progenitors and the Bone Marrow Niche Shape the Inflammatory Response and Contribute to Chronic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042234. [PMID: 35216355 PMCID: PMC8879433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well understood that the bone marrow (BM) compartment can sense systemic inflammatory signals and adapt through increased proliferation and lineage skewing. These coordinated and dynamic alterations in responding hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), as well as in cells of the bone marrow niche, are increasingly viewed as key contributors to the inflammatory response. Growth factors, cytokines, metabolites, microbial products, and other signals can cause dysregulation across the entire hematopoietic hierarchy, leading to lineage-skewing and even long-term functional adaptations in bone marrow progenitor cells. These alterations may play a central role in the chronicity of disease as well as the links between many common chronic disorders. The possible existence of a form of “memory” in bone marrow progenitor cells is thought to contribute to innate immune responses via the generation of trained immunity (also called innate immune memory). These findings highlight how hematopoietic progenitors dynamically adapt to meet the demand for innate immune cells and how this adaptive response may be beneficial or detrimental depending on the context. In this review, we will discuss the role of bone marrow progenitor cells and their microenvironment in shaping the scope and scale of the immune response in health and disease.
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Palano MT, Cucchiara M, Gallazzi M, Riccio F, Mortara L, Gensini GF, Spinetti G, Ambrosio G, Bruno A. When a Friend Becomes Your Enemy: Natural Killer Cells in Atherosclerosis and Atherosclerosis-Associated Risk Factors. Front Immunol 2022; 12:798155. [PMID: 35095876 PMCID: PMC8793801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (ATS), the change in structure and function of arteries with associated lesion formation and altered blood flow, is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease, the number one killer worldwide. Beyond dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation, together with aberrant phenotype and function of cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system, are now recognized as relevant contributors to atherosclerosis onset and progression. While the role of macrophages and T cells in atherosclerosis has been addressed in several studies, Natural Killer cells (NKs) represent a poorly explored immune cell type, that deserves attention, due to NKs’ emerging contribution to vascular homeostasis. Furthermore, the possibility to re-polarize the immune system has emerged as a relevant tool to design new therapies, with some succesfull exmples in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Thus, a deeper knowledge of NK cell pathophysiology in the context of atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis-associated risk factors could help developing new preventive and treatment strategies, and decipher the complex scenario/history from “the risk factors for atherosclerosis” Here, we review the current knowledge about NK cell phenotype and activities in atherosclerosis and selected atherosclerosis risk factors, namely type-2 diabetes and obesity, and discuss the related NK-cell oriented environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Palano
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Martina Cucchiara
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Matteo Gallazzi
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Federica Riccio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiopathology-Regenerative Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Gian Franco Gensini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | - Gaia Spinetti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiopathology-Regenerative Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milano, Italy
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22
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Aaron N, Costa S, Rosen CJ, Qiang L. The Implications of Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue on Inflammaging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:853765. [PMID: 35360075 PMCID: PMC8962663 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.853765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Once considered an inert filler of the bone cavity, bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is now regarded as a metabolically active organ that plays versatile roles in endocrine function, hematopoiesis, bone homeostasis and metabolism, and, potentially, energy conservation. While the regulation of BMAT is inadequately understood, it is recognized as a unique and dynamic fat depot that is distinct from peripheral fat. As we age, bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) accumulate throughout the bone marrow (BM) milieu to influence the microenvironment. This process is conceivably signaled by the secretion of adipocyte-derived factors including pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. Adipokines participate in the development of a chronic state of low-grade systemic inflammation (inflammaging), which trigger changes in the immune system that are characterized by declining fidelity and efficiency and cause an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory networks. In this review, we discuss the local effects of BMAT on bone homeostasis and the hematopoietic niche, age-related inflammatory changes associated with BMAT accrual, and the downstream effect on endocrine function, energy expenditure, and metabolism. Furthermore, we address therapeutic strategies to prevent BMAT accumulation and associated dysfunction during aging. In sum, BMAT is emerging as a critical player in aging and its explicit characterization still requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Aaron
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Samantha Costa
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
- *Correspondence: Clifford J. Rosen, ; Li Qiang,
| | - Li Qiang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Clifford J. Rosen, ; Li Qiang,
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23
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Zhu Z, Guo L, Yeltai N, Xu H, Zhang Y. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2-enhanced adipogenesis and angiogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cell and human umbilical vein endothelial cell co-culture system in adipose tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 16:163-176. [PMID: 34811942 DOI: 10.1002/term.3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) co-cultured in vitro are widely used in adipose tissue engineering but exhibit various limitations. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) has been proved essential during adipogenesis and angiogenesis in vivo. We examined whether adipogenesis and angiogenesis could also be directly promoted by CCL2 in vitro. Cells were cultured with 0, 10, 50, and 100 ng/ml CCL2. The effects of CCL2 on adipogenesis of hADSCs, and lipid accumulation in the positive control group (hADSCs), blank control group (hADSCs + HUVECs), and experimental group (hADSCs + HUVECs + CCL2) in the hADSC and HUVEC direct co-culture system were evaluated by Oil Red O staining. Angiogenesis in the presence of CCL2 was evaluated by Matrigel tube formation assay. Angiogenic- and adipogenic-associated gene and protein expression in the co-culture system were measured by Quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction and western blotting, respectively. All concentrations of CCL2 promoted hADSC adipogenic differentiation and HUVEC tube formation (P < 0.05). Following direct co-culture, the experimental group accumulated more lipid droplets than the positive control (P < 0.0001), whereas the latter showed better adipogenesis than the blank control group. 50 ng/ml CCL2 exhibited stronger adipogenic and angiogenic potential than other concentrations. After 72 h of direct co-culture, the mRNA expression of adipogenic differentiation (peroxisome proliferators-activated receptorsγ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α, Leptin, and lipoprotein lipase) and angiogenic genes (vascular endothelial growth factor-A, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, matrix metalloprotein (MMP) 9, and 14) in the experimental group was much higher than in the control (P < 0.05). The addition of 50 ng/ml CCL2 in the system resulted in elevated phosphorylated Protein kinase B/AKT expression. In summary, CCL2 directly promoted adipogenesis of hADSCs and angiogenesis of HUVECs under both mono-culture and co-culture condition in vitro possibly by enhancing AKT phosphorylation. An optimal concentration of 50 ng/ml CCL2 could improve the adipogenesis and angiogenesis of hADSC and HUVEC co-culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Linxiumei Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Nurzat Yeltai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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24
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Li J, Lu L, Liu Y, Yu X. Bone marrow adiposity during pathologic bone loss: molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular events. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:167-183. [PMID: 34751809 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) is a heterogeneous niche where bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts, osteoclasts, adipocytes, hematopoietic cells, and immune cells coexist. The cellular composition of BM changes with various pathophysiological states. A reduction in osteoblast number and a concomitant increase in adipocyte number in aging and pathological conditions put bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) into spotlight. Accumulating evidence strongly supports that an overwhelming production of BMAT is a major contributor to bone loss disorders. Therefore, BMAT-targeted therapy can be an efficient and feasible intervention for osteoporosis. However, compared to blocking bone-destroying molecules produced by BMAT, suppressing BMAT formation is theoretically a more effective and fundamental approach in treating osteoporotic bone diseases. Thus, a deep insight into the molecular basis underlying increased BM adiposity during pathologic bone loss is critical to formulate strategies for therapeutically manipulating BMAT. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the molecular mechanisms involved in adipocyte differentiation of BMSCs as well as the interaction between bone marrow adipocytes and osteoclasts. More importantly, we further discuss the potential clinical implications of therapeutically targeting the upstream of BMAT formation in bone loss diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lingyun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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25
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Chavakis T, Wielockx B, Hajishengallis G. Inflammatory Modulation of Hematopoiesis: Linking Trained Immunity and Clonal Hematopoiesis with Chronic Disorders. Annu Rev Physiol 2021; 84:183-207. [PMID: 34614373 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-052521-013627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation-adapted hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) have long been appreciated as key drivers of emergency myelopoiesis, thereby enabling the bone marrow to meet the elevated demand for myeloid cell generation under various stress conditions, such as systemic infection, inflammation, or myelosuppressive insults. In recent years, HSPC adaptations were associated with potential involvement in the induction of long-lived trained immunity and the emergence of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). Whereas trained immunity has context-dependent effects, protective in infections and tumors but potentially detrimental in chronic inflammatory diseases, CHIP increases the risk for hematological neoplastic disorders and cardiometabolic pathologies. This review focuses on the inflammatory regulation of HSPCs in the aforementioned processes and discusses how modulation of HSPC function could lead to novel therapeutic interventions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 84 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; ,
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; ,
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6030, USA;
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Vilahur G, Nguyen PH, Badimon L. Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on the Potential of Autologous Stem Cells and Stem Cell-Derived Microvesicles to Repair the Ischemic Heart. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 36:933-949. [PMID: 34251593 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the advances in medical management and catheter-based therapy, mortality remains high, as does the risk of developing heart failure. Regenerative therapies have been widely used as an alternative option to repair the damaged heart mainly because of their paracrine-related beneficial effects. Although cell-based therapy has been demonstrated as feasible and safe, randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses show little consistent benefit from treatments with adult-derived stem cells. Mounting evidence from our group and others supports that cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities impair stem cell potential thus hampering their autologous use. This review aims to better understand the influence of diabetes on stem cell potential. For this purpose, we will first discuss the most recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of the effects of diabetes on stem cell phenotype, function, and molecular fingerprint to further elaborate on diabetes-induced alterations in stem cell extracellular vesicle profile. Although we acknowledge that multiple sources of stem or progenitor cells are used for regenerative purposes, we will focus on bone marrow hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells residing in the bone marrow, and adipose tissue and briefly discuss endothelial colony-forming cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, C/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber CV - ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Phuong Hue Nguyen
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, C/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, C/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain. .,Ciber CV - ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. .,Cardiovascular Research Chair UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
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27
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Tratwal J, Rojas-Sutterlin S, Bataclan C, Blum S, Naveiras O. Bone marrow adiposity and the hematopoietic niche: A historical perspective of reciprocity, heterogeneity, and lineage commitment. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101564. [PMID: 34417114 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Here we review the current knowledge on bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) as active contributors to the regulation of the hematopoietic niche, and as potentially pivotal players in the progression of hematological malignancies. We highlight the hierarchical and functional heterogeneity of the adipocyte lineage within the bone marrow, and how potentially different contexts dictate their interactions with hematopoietic populations. RECENT FINDINGS Growing evidence associates the adipocyte lineage with important functions in hematopoietic regulation within the BM niche. Initially proposed to serve as negative regulators of the hematopoietic microenvironment, studies have also demonstrated that BMAds positively influence the survival and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These seemingly incongruous findings may at least be partially explained by stage-specificity across the adipocytic differentiation axis and by BMAds subtypes, suggesting that the heterogeneity of these populations allows for differential context-based interactions. One such distinction relies on the location of adipocytes. Constitutive bone marrow adipose tissue (cBMAT) historically associates to the "yellow" marrow containing so-called "stable" BMAs larger in size, less responsive to stimuli, and linked to HSC quiescence. On the other hand, regulated bone marrow adipose tissue (rBMAT)-associated adipocytes, also referred to as "labile" are smaller, more responsive to hematopoietic demand and strategically situated in hematopoietically active regions of the skeleton. Here we propose a model where the effect of distinct BM stromal cell populations (BMSC) in hematopoiesis is structured along the BMSC-BMAd differentiation axis, and where the effects on HSC maintenance versus hematopoietic proliferation are segregated. In doing so, it is possible to explain how recently identified, adipocyte-primed leptin receptor-expressing, CXCL12-high adventitial reticular cells (AdipoCARs) and marrow adipose lineage precursor cells (MALPs) best support active hematopoietic cell proliferation, while adipose progenitor cells (APCs) and maturing BMAd gradually lose the capacity to support active hematopoiesis, favoring HSC quiescence. Implicated soluble mediators include MCP-1, PAI-1, NRP1, possibly DPP4 and limiting availability of CXCL12 and SCF. How remodeling occurs within the BMSC-BMAd differentiation axis is yet to be elucidated and will likely unravel a three-way regulation of the hematopoietic, bone, and adipocytic compartments orchestrated by vascular elements. The interaction of malignant hematopoietic cells with BMAds is precisely contributing to unravel specific mechanisms of remodeling. SUMMARY BMAds are important operative components of the hematopoietic microenvironment. Their heterogeneity directs their ability to exert a range of regulatory capacities in a manner dependent on their hierarchical, spatial, and biological context. This complexity highlights the importance of (i) developing experimental tools and nomenclature adapted to address stage-specificity and heterogeneity across the BMSC-BMAd differentiation axis when reporting effects in hematopoiesis, (ii) interpreting gene reporter studies within this framework, and (iii) quantifying changes in all three compartments (hematopoiesis, adiposity and bone) when addressing interdependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Tratwal
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shanti Rojas-Sutterlin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charles Bataclan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Blum
- Hematology Service, Departments of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Hematology Service, Departments of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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28
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Santopaolo M, Sullivan N, Thomas AC, Alvino VV, Nicholson LB, Gu Y, Spinetti G, Kallikourdis M, Blom A, Madeddu P. Activation of Bone Marrow Adaptive Immunity in Type 2 Diabetes: Rescue by Co-stimulation Modulator Abatacept. Front Immunol 2021; 12:609406. [PMID: 33746953 PMCID: PMC7969721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.609406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic low-grade inflammation and alterations in innate and adaptive immunity were reported in Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we investigated the abundance and activation of T cells in the bone marrow (BM) of patients with T2D. We then verified the human data in a murine model and tested if the activation of T cells can be rescued by treating mice with abatacept, an immunomodulatory drug employed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical evidence indicated abatacept can slow the decline in beta-cell function. Methods: A cohort of 24 patients (12 with T2D) undergoing hip replacement surgery was enrolled in the study. Flow cytometry and cytokine analyses were performed on BM leftovers from surgery. We next compared the immune profile of db/db and control wt/db mice. In an additional study, db/db mice were randomized to receive abatacept or vehicle for 4 weeks, with endpoints being immune cell profile, indices of insulin sensitivity, and heart performance. Results: Patients with T2D showed increased frequencies of BM CD4+ (2.8-fold, p = 0.001) and CD8+ T cells (1.8-fold, p = 0.01), with the upregulation of the activation marker CD69 and the homing receptor CCR7 in CD4+ (1.64-fold, p = 0.003 and 2.27-fold, p = 0.01, respectively) and CD8+ fractions (1.79-fold, p = 0.05 and 1.69-fold, p = 0.02, respectively). These differences were confirmed in a multivariable regression model. CCL19 (CCR7 receptor ligand) and CXCL10/11 (CXCR3 receptor ligands), implicated in T-cell migration and activation, were the most differentially modulated chemokines. Studies in mice confirmed the activation of adaptive immunity in T2D. Abatacept reduced the activation of T cells and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and improved cardiac function but not insulin sensitivity. Conclusions: Results provide proof-of-concept evidence for the activation of BM adaptive immunity in T2D. In mice, treatment with abatacept dampens the activation of adaptive immunity and protects from cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Santopaolo
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Niall Sullivan
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Coral Thomas
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Vincenza Alvino
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay B Nicholson
- Bristol Medical School, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yue Gu
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gaia Spinetti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Ashley Blom
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Gu Y, Rampin A, Alvino VV, Spinetti G, Madeddu P. Cell Therapy for Critical Limb Ischemia: Advantages, Limitations, and New Perspectives for Treatment of Patients with Critical Diabetic Vasculopathy. Curr Diab Rep 2021; 21:11. [PMID: 33651185 PMCID: PMC7925447 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-021-01378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide a highlight of the current state of cell therapy for the treatment of critical limb ischemia in patients with diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS The global incidence of diabetes is constantly growing with consequent challenges for healthcare systems worldwide. In the UK only, NHS costs attributed to diabetic complications, such as peripheral vascular disease, amputation, blindness, renal failure, and stroke, average £10 billion each year, with cost pressure being estimated to get worse. Although giant leaps forward have been registered in the scope of early diagnosis and optimal glycaemic control, an effective treatment for critical limb ischemia is still lacking. The present review aims to provide an update of the ongoing work in the field of regenerative medicine. Recent advancements but also limitations imposed by diabetes on the potential of the approach are addressed. In particular, the review focuses on the perturbation of non-coding RNA networks in progenitor cells and the possibility of using emerging knowledge on molecular mechanisms to design refined protocols for personalized therapy. The field of cell therapy showed rapid progress but has limitations. Significant advances are foreseen in the upcoming years thanks to a better understanding of molecular bottlenecks associated with the metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gu
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - A Rampin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS, MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - V V Alvino
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - G Spinetti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS, MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - P Madeddu
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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30
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Ribot J, Denoeud C, Frescaline G, Landon R, Petite H, Pavon-Djavid G, Bensidhoum M, Anagnostou F. Experimental Type 2 Diabetes Differently Impacts on the Select Functions of Bone Marrow-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells. Cells 2021; 10:268. [PMID: 33572905 PMCID: PMC7912056 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived multipotent stromal cells (BMMSCs) represent an attractive therapeutic modality for cell therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-associated complications. T2DM changes the bone marrow environment; however, its effects on BMMSC properties remain unclear. The present study aimed at investigating select functions and differentiation of BMMSCs harvested from the T2DM microenvironment as potential candidates for regenerative medicine. BMMSCs were obtained from Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF; an obese-T2DM model) rats and their lean littermates (ZL; controls), and cultured under normoglycemic conditions. The BMMSCs derived from ZDF animals were fewer in number, with limited clonogenicity (by 2-fold), adhesion (by 2.9-fold), proliferation (by 50%), migration capability (by 25%), and increased apoptosis rate (by 2.5-fold) compared to their ZL counterparts. Compared to the cultured ZL-BMMSCs, the ZDF-BMMSCs exhibited (i) enhanced adipogenic differentiation (increased number of lipid droplets by 2-fold; upregulation of the Pparg, AdipoQ, and Fabp genes), possibly due to having been primed to undergo such differentiation in vivo prior to cell isolation, and (ii) different angiogenesis-related gene expression in vitro and decreased proangiogenic potential after transplantation in nude mice. These results provided evidence that the T2DM environment impairs BMMSC expansion and select functions pertinent to their efficacy when used in autologous cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ribot
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France; (J.R.); (C.D.); (G.F.); (R.L.); (H.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Cyprien Denoeud
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France; (J.R.); (C.D.); (G.F.); (R.L.); (H.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Guilhem Frescaline
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France; (J.R.); (C.D.); (G.F.); (R.L.); (H.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Rebecca Landon
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France; (J.R.); (C.D.); (G.F.); (R.L.); (H.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Hervé Petite
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France; (J.R.); (C.D.); (G.F.); (R.L.); (H.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Graciela Pavon-Djavid
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430 Villetaneuse, France;
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France; (J.R.); (C.D.); (G.F.); (R.L.); (H.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Fani Anagnostou
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, 75010 Paris, France; (J.R.); (C.D.); (G.F.); (R.L.); (H.P.); (M.B.)
- Department of Periodontology, Service of Odontology–Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP et U.F.R. of Odontology, 75013 Paris, France
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31
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Lucas S, Tencerova M, von der Weid B, Andersen TL, Attané C, Behler-Janbeck F, Cawthorn WP, Ivaska KK, Naveiras O, Podgorski I, Reagan MR, van der Eerden BCJ. Guidelines for Biobanking of Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Related Cell Types: Report of the Biobanking Working Group of the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:744527. [PMID: 34646237 PMCID: PMC8503265 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.744527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, increased interest of scientists to study bone marrow adiposity (BMA) in relation to bone and adipose tissue physiology has expanded the number of publications using different sources of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT). However, each source of BMAT has its limitations in the number of downstream analyses for which it can be used. Based on this increased scientific demand, the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS) established a Biobanking Working Group to identify the challenges of biobanking for human BMA-related samples and to develop guidelines to advance establishment of biobanks for BMA research. BMA is a young, growing field with increased interest among many diverse scientific communities. These bring new perspectives and important biological questions on how to improve and build an international community with biobank databases that can be used and shared all over the world. However, to create internationally accessible biobanks, several practical and legislative issues must be addressed to create a general ethical protocol used in all institutes, to allow for exchange of biological material internationally. In this position paper, the BMAS Biobanking Working Group describes similarities and differences of patient information (PIF) and consent forms from different institutes and addresses a possibility to create uniform documents for BMA biobanking purposes. Further, based on discussion among Working Group members, we report an overview of the current isolation protocols for human bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs, formerly mesenchymal), highlighting the specific points crucial for effective isolation. Although we remain far from a unified BMAd isolation protocol and PIF, we have summarized all of these important aspects, which are needed to build a BMA biobank. In conclusion, we believe that harmonizing isolation protocols and PIF globally will help to build international collaborations and improve the quality and interpretation of BMA research outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lucas
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab-MABLab ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Benoit von der Weid
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Levin Andersen
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Cell Biology, Pathology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camille Attané
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5089, Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Friederike Behler-Janbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - William P. Cawthorn
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kaisa K. Ivaska
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Hematology Service, Departments of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
- Graduate School for Biomedical Science, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bram C. J. van der Eerden
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Bram C. J. van der Eerden,
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Sagaradze GD, Basalova NA, Efimenko AY, Tkachuk VA. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Critical Contributors to Tissue Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:576176. [PMID: 33102483 PMCID: PMC7546871 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.576176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells that are tightly regulated by the specific microenvironment, or the stem cell niche, function to maintain tissue homeostasis and regeneration after damage. This demands the existence of specific niche components that can preserve the stem cell pool in injured tissues and restore the microenvironment for their subsequent appropriate functioning. This role may belong to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) due to their resistance to damage signals and potency to be specifically activated in response to tissue injury and promote regeneration by different mechanisms. Increased amount of data indicate that activated MSCs are able to produce factors such as extracellular matrix components, growth factors, extracellular vesicles and organelles, which transiently substitute the regulatory signals from missing niche cells and restrict the injury-induced responses of them. MSCs may recruit functional cells into a niche or differentiate into missing cell components to endow a niche with ability to regulate stem cell fates. They may also promote the dedifferentiation of committed cells to re-establish a pool of functional stem cells after injury. Accumulated evidence indicates the therapeutic promise of MSCs for stimulating tissue regeneration, but the benefits of administered MSCs demonstrated in many injury models are less than expected in clinical studies. This emphasizes the importance of considering the mechanisms of endogenous MSC functioning for the development of effective approaches to their pharmacological activation or mimicking their effects. To achieve this goal, we integrate the current ideas on the contribution of MSCs in restoring the stem cell niches after damage and thereby tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgy D Sagaradze
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya A Basalova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Yu Efimenko
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod A Tkachuk
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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33
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Ji J, Fu T, Dong C, Zhu W, Yang J, Kong X, Zhang Z, Bao Y, Zhao R, Ge X, Sha X, Lu Z, Li J, Gu Z. Targeting HMGB1 by ethyl pyruvate ameliorates systemic lupus erythematosus and reverses the senescent phenotype of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:4338-4353. [PMID: 31303606 PMCID: PMC6660056 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease involving multiple organs and systems. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from SLE patients have demonstrated defects such as impaired growth, senescence phenotype and immunomodulatory functions. Some studies have suggested the close connection between inflammation microenvironment and cellular senescence. In the current study, we detected cytokines levels in bone marrow supernatant by the quantitative proteomics analysis, and found the expression of HMGB1 was remarkably increased in bone marrow from SLE patients. Senescence associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, F-actin staining and flow cytometry were used to detect the senescence of cells. After stimulation of HMGB1 in normal MSCs, the ratio of SA-β-gal positive in BM-MSCs was increased, the organization of cytoskeleton was disordered, and TLR4-NF-κB signaling was activated. Finally, Ethyl pyruvate (EP) (40 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, three times a week), a high security HMGB1 inhibitor, was injected intraperitoneally to treat MRL/lpr mice for 8 weeks. We demonstrated that EP alleviated the clinical aspects of lupus nephritis and prolonged survival of MRL/lpr mice. In the meantime, EP reversed the senescent phenotype of BM-MSCs from MRL/lpr mice. HMGB1 could be a promising target in SLE patients, and might be one of the reasons of recurrence after MSCs transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ji
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 22600, P.R. China
| | - Ting Fu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 22600, P.R. China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Zhu
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Junling Yang
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Kong
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 22600, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 22600, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Bao
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 22600, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 22600, P.R. China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Ge
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 22600, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Sha
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 22600, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 22600, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 22600, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 22600, P.R. China.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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Bone marrow fat: friend or foe in people with diabetes mellitus? Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1031-1048. [PMID: 32337536 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Global trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity put the adipocyte in the focus of huge medical interest. This review highlights a new topic in adipose tissue biology, namely the emerging pathogenic role of fat accumulation in bone marrow (BM). Specifically, we summarize current knowledge about the origin and function of BM adipose tissue (BMAT), provide evidence for the association of excess BMAT with diabetes and related cardiovascular complications, and discuss potential therapeutic approaches to correct BMAT dysfunction. There is still a significant uncertainty about the origins and function of BMAT, although several subpopulations of stromal cells have been suggested to have an adipogenic propensity. BM adipocytes are higly plastic and have a distinctive capacity to secrete adipokines that exert local and endocrine functions. BM adiposity is abundant in elderly people and has therefore been interpreted as a component of the whole-body ageing process. BM senescence and BMAT accumulation has been also reported in patients and animal models with Type 2 diabetes, being more pronounced in those with ischaemic complications. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for excess and altered function of BMAT could lead to new treatments able to preserve whole-body homeostasis.
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35
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Tedesco S, Ciciliot S, Menegazzo L, D'Anna M, Scattolini V, Cappellari R, Cignarella A, Avogaro A, Albiero M, Fadini GP. Pharmacologic PPAR-γ Activation Reprograms Bone Marrow Macrophages and Partially Rescues HSPC Mobilization in Human and Murine Diabetes. Diabetes 2020; 69:1562-1572. [PMID: 32345753 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) from the bone marrow (BM) is impaired in diabetes. Excess oncostatin M (OSM) produced by M1 macrophages in the diabetic BM signals through p66Shc to induce Cxcl12 in stromal cells and retain HSPC. BM adipocytes are another source of CXCL12 that blunts mobilization. We tested a strategy of pharmacologic macrophage reprogramming to rescue HSPC mobilization. In vitro, PPAR-γ activation with pioglitazone switched macrophages from M1 to M2, reduced Osm expression, and prevented transcellular induction of Cxcl12 In diabetic mice, pioglitazone treatment downregulated Osm, p66Shc, and Cxcl12 in the hematopoietic BM, restored the effects of granulocyte-colony stimulation factor (G-CSF), and partially rescued HSPC mobilization, but it increased BM adipocytes. Osm deletion recapitulated the effects of pioglitazone on adipogenesis, which was p66Shc independent, and double knockout of Osm and p66Shc completely rescued HSPC mobilization. In the absence of OSM, BM adipocytes produced less CXCL12, being arguably devoid of HSPC-retaining activity, whereas pioglitazone failed to downregulate Cxcl12 in BM adipocytes. In patients with diabetes on pioglitazone therapy, HSPC mobilization after G-CSF was partially rescued. In summary, pioglitazone reprogrammed BM macrophages and suppressed OSM signaling, but sustained Cxcl12 expression by BM adipocytes could limit full recovery of HSPC mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Tedesco
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Marianna D'Anna
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Scattolini
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Cappellari
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mattia Albiero
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Fadini
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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36
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Spinetti G, Sangalli E, Tagliabue E, Maselli D, Colpani O, Ferland-McCollough D, Carnelli F, Orlando P, Paccagnella A, Furlan A, Stefani PM, Sambado L, Sambataro M, Madeddu P. MicroRNA-21/PDCD4 Proapoptotic Signaling From Circulating CD34 + Cells to Vascular Endothelial Cells: A Potential Contributor to Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:1520-1529. [PMID: 32358022 PMCID: PMC7305013 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and critical limb ischemia (CLI), migration of circulating CD34+ cells predicted cardiovascular mortality at 18 months after revascularization. This study aimed to provide long-term validation and mechanistic understanding of the biomarker. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The association between CD34+ cell migration and cardiovascular mortality was reassessed at 6 years after revascularization. In a new series of T2D-CLI and control subjects, immuno-sorted bone marrow CD34+ cells were profiled for miRNA expression and assessed for apoptosis and angiogenesis activity. The differentially regulated miRNA-21 and its proapoptotic target, PDCD4, were titrated to verify their contribution in transferring damaging signals from CD34+ cells to endothelial cells. RESULTS Multivariable regression analysis confirmed that CD34+ cell migration forecasts long-term cardiovascular mortality. CD34+ cells from T2D-CLI patients were more apoptotic and less proangiogenic than those from control subjects and featured miRNA-21 downregulation, modulation of several long noncoding RNAs acting as miRNA-21 sponges, and upregulation of the miRNA-21 proapoptotic target PDCD4. Silencing miR-21 in control CD34+ cells phenocopied the T2D-CLI cell behavior. In coculture, T2D-CLI CD34+ cells imprinted naive endothelial cells, increasing apoptosis, reducing network formation, and modulating the TUG1 sponge/miRNA-21/PDCD4 axis. Silencing PDCD4 or scavenging reactive oxygen species protected endothelial cells from the negative influence of T2D-CLI CD34+ cells. CONCLUSIONS Migration of CD34+ cells predicts long-term cardiovascular mortality in T2D-CLI patients. An altered paracrine signaling conveys antiangiogenic and proapoptotic features from CD34+ cells to the endothelium. This damaging interaction may increase the risk for life-threatening complications.
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37
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Pérez LM, de Lucas B, Gálvez BG. BMPER is upregulated in obesity and seems to have a role in pericardial adipose stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:132-145. [PMID: 32468615 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pericardial adipose tissue (PAT), a visceral fat depot enveloping the heart, is an active endocrine organ and a source of free fatty acids and inflammatory cytokines. As in other fat adult tissues, PAT contains a population of adipose stem cells; however, whether these cells and/or their environment play a role in physiopathology is unknown. We analyzed several stem cell-related properties of pericardial adipose stem cells (PSCs) isolated from obese and ex-obese mice. We also performed RNA-sequencing to profile the transcriptional landscape of PSCs isolated from the different diet regimens. Finally, we tested whether these alterations impacted on the properties of cardiac mesoangioblasts isolated from the same mice. We found functional differences between PSCs depending on their source: specifically, PSCs from obese PSC (oPSC) and ex-obese PSC (dPSC) mice showed alterations in apoptosis and migratory capacity when compared with lean, control PSCs, with increased apoptosis in oPSCs and blunted migratory capacity in oPSCs and dPSCs. This was accompanied by different gene expression profiles across the cell types, where we identified some genes altered in obese conditions, such as BMP endothelial cell precursor-derived regulator (BMPER), an important regulator of BMP-related signaling pathways for endothelial cell function. The importance of BMPER in PSCs was confirmed by loss- and gain-of-function studies. Finally, we found an altered production of BMPER and some important chemokines in cardiac mesoangioblasts in obese conditions. Our findings point to BMPER as a potential new regulator of PSC function and suggest that its dysregulation could be associated with obesity and may impact on cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Pérez
- Health and Biomedical Sciences Faculty, European University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz de Lucas
- Health and Biomedical Sciences Faculty, European University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz G Gálvez
- Health and Biomedical Sciences Faculty, European University, Madrid, Spain
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38
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Hoyer FF, Zhang X, Coppin E, Vasamsetti SB, Modugu G, Schloss MJ, Rohde D, McAlpine CS, Iwamoto Y, Libby P, Naxerova K, Swirski FK, Dutta P, Nahrendorf M. Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells Regulate Myelopoiesis in Diabetes Mellitus. Circulation 2020; 142:244-258. [PMID: 32316750 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.046038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent public health problem that affects about one-third of the US population and leads to serious vascular complications with increased risk for coronary artery disease. How bone marrow hematopoiesis contributes to diabetes mellitus complications is incompletely understood. We investigated the role of bone marrow endothelial cells in diabetic regulation of inflammatory myeloid cell production. METHODS In 3 types of mouse diabetes mellitus, including streptozotocin, high-fat diet, and genetic induction using leptin-receptor-deficient db/db mice, we assayed leukocytes, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). In addition, we investigated bone marrow endothelial cells with flow cytometry and expression profiling. RESULTS In diabetes mellitus, we observed enhanced proliferation of HSPC leading to augmented circulating myeloid cell numbers. Analysis of bone marrow niche cells revealed that endothelial cells in diabetic mice expressed less Cxcl12, a retention factor promoting HSPC quiescence. Transcriptome-wide analysis of bone marrow endothelial cells demonstrated enrichment of genes involved in epithelial growth factor receptor (Egfr) signaling in mice with diet-induced diabetes mellitus. To explore whether endothelial Egfr plays a functional role in myelopoiesis, we generated mice with endothelial-specific deletion of Egfr (Cdh5Cre Egfrfl/fl). We found enhanced HSPC proliferation and increased myeloid cell production in Cdh5Cre Egfrfl/fl mice compared with wild-type mice with diabetes mellitus. Disrupted Egfr signaling in endothelial cells decreased their expression of the HSPC retention factor angiopoietin-1. We tested the functional relevance of these findings for wound healing and atherosclerosis, both implicated in complications of diabetes mellitus. Inflammatory myeloid cells accumulated more in skin wounds of diabetic Cdh5Cre Egfrfl/fl mice, significantly delaying wound closure. Atherosclerosis was accelerated in Cdh5Cre Egfrfl/fl mice, leading to larger and more inflamed atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta. CONCLUSIONS In diabetes mellitus, bone marrow endothelial cells participate in the dysregulation of bone marrow hematopoiesis. Diabetes mellitus reduces endothelial production of Cxcl12, a quiescence-promoting niche factor that reduces stem cell proliferation. We describe a previously unknown counterregulatory pathway, in which protective endothelial Egfr signaling curbs HSPC proliferation and myeloid cell production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Felix Hoyer
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, Boston (F.F.H., M.J.S., D.R., C.S.A., Y.I., K.N., F.K.S., M.N.)
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (X.Z., E.C., S.B.V., G.M., P.D.).,The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (X.Z.)
| | - Emilie Coppin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (X.Z., E.C., S.B.V., G.M., P.D.)
| | - Sathish Babu Vasamsetti
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (X.Z., E.C., S.B.V., G.M., P.D.)
| | - Ganesh Modugu
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (X.Z., E.C., S.B.V., G.M., P.D.)
| | - Maximilian J Schloss
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, Boston (F.F.H., M.J.S., D.R., C.S.A., Y.I., K.N., F.K.S., M.N.)
| | - David Rohde
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, Boston (F.F.H., M.J.S., D.R., C.S.A., Y.I., K.N., F.K.S., M.N.)
| | - Cameron S McAlpine
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, Boston (F.F.H., M.J.S., D.R., C.S.A., Y.I., K.N., F.K.S., M.N.)
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, Boston (F.F.H., M.J.S., D.R., C.S.A., Y.I., K.N., F.K.S., M.N.)
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.L.)
| | - Kamila Naxerova
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, Boston (F.F.H., M.J.S., D.R., C.S.A., Y.I., K.N., F.K.S., M.N.)
| | - Filip K Swirski
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, Boston (F.F.H., M.J.S., D.R., C.S.A., Y.I., K.N., F.K.S., M.N.)
| | - Partha Dutta
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA (X.Z., E.C., S.B.V., G.M., P.D.)
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Simches Research Building, Boston (F.F.H., M.J.S., D.R., C.S.A., Y.I., K.N., F.K.S., M.N.).,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.N.).,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany (M.N.)
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39
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Cassidy FC, Shortiss C, Murphy CG, Kearns SR, Curtin W, De Buitléir C, O’Brien T, Coleman CM. Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Number and Phenotypic Characteristics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072476. [PMID: 32252490 PMCID: PMC7177361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been investigated in numerous disease settings involving impaired regeneration because of the crucial role they play in tissue maintenance and repair. Considering the number of comorbidities associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the hypothesis that MSCs mediate these comorbidities via a reduction in their native maintenance and repair activities is an intriguing line of inquiry. Here, it is demonstrated that the number of bone marrow-derived MSCs in people with T2DM was reduced compared to that of age-matched control (AMC) donors and that this was due to a specific decrease in the number of MSCs with osteogenic capacity. There were no differences in MSC cell surface phenotype or in MSC expansion, differentiation, or angiogenic or migratory capacity from donors living with T2DM as compared to AMCs. These findings elucidate the basic biology of MSCs and their potential as mediators of diabetic comorbidities, especially osteopathies, and provide insight into donor choice for MSC-based clinical trials. This study suggests that any role of bone marrow MSCs as a mediator of T2DM comorbidity is likely due to a reduction in the osteoprogenitor population size and not due to a permanent alteration to the MSCs' capacity to maintain tissue homeostasis through expansion and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Féaron C. Cassidy
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, School of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), H91 FD82 Galway, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ciara Shortiss
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, School of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), H91 FD82 Galway, Ireland
| | - Colin G. Murphy
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Galway University Hospitals, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland
| | - Stephen R. Kearns
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Galway University Hospitals, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland
| | - William Curtin
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Galway University Hospitals, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland
| | - Ciara De Buitléir
- Saolta University Healthcare Group, Galway University Hospital, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland
| | - Timothy O’Brien
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, School of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), H91 FD82 Galway, Ireland
- Saolta University Healthcare Group, Galway University Hospital, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland
- CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, H91 FD82 Galway, Ireland
| | - Cynthia M. Coleman
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, School of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), H91 FD82 Galway, Ireland
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40
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Santopaolo M, Sambataro M, Spinetti G, Madeddu P. Bone marrow as a target and accomplice of vascular complications in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36 Suppl 1:e3240. [PMID: 31840418 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral vascular complications are common in diabetic patients. While pathogenic mechanisms have received much consideration, only recently regenerative processes captured attention. There is now a consensus that the bone marrow is a source of reparative cells and that this healing mechanism is lost in people with diabetes, especially in those suffering from ischemic complications. This failure was thought to occur due to a negative impact of diabetes on the mobilization of stem/progenitor cells with angiogenic properties from the bone marrow to the circulation. Moreover, those patients showing severely reduced bone marrow cell mobilization also bared a very high risk for adverse cardiovascular events. More recently, the structural integrity of the bone marrow was recognized to be altered because of the rarefaction of local microvasculature and innervation, thus mirroring anatomical features that typically occur in peripheral tissues. Ensuing hypoxia, nutrient starvation, and creation of an acidic and oxidative environment concur in causing the depletion of stem/progenitor cells in the endosteal niche and in forcing stromal cells to activate an adipogenesis program. Moreover, stem/progenitor cells acquire a pathogenic phenotype and, once mobilized, can pass harmful signalling molecules to vascular cells of peripheral tissues thereby contributing to ischemic complications. These new pieces of evidence indicate that the bone marrow should deserve more attention in the current care of critical limb ischemia and diabetic foot. Owing to powerful reserve capacities, the bone marrow integrity could be preserved and even rescued using rehabilitation programs and pharmacological treatments with consequent benefit for local and whole-organism homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Santopaolo
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
| | - Maria Sambataro
- Endocrine, Metabolism, and Nutrition Disease Unit, Santa Maria di Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Gaia Spinetti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, UK
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41
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Nwadozi E, Rudnicki M, Haas TL. Metabolic Coordination of Pericyte Phenotypes: Therapeutic Implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:77. [PMID: 32117997 PMCID: PMC7033550 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are mural vascular cells found predominantly on the abluminal wall of capillaries, where they contribute to the maintenance of capillary structural integrity and vascular permeability. Generally quiescent cells in the adult, pericyte activation and proliferation occur during both physiological and pathological vascular and tissue remodeling. A considerable body of research indicates that pericytes possess attributes of a multipotent adult stem cell, as they are capable of self-renewal as well as commitment and differentiation into multiple lineages. However, pericytes also display phenotypic heterogeneity and recent studies indicate that lineage potential differs between pericyte subpopulations. While numerous microenvironmental cues and cell signaling pathways are known to regulate pericyte functions, the roles that metabolic pathways play in pericyte quiescence, self-renewal or differentiation have been given limited consideration to date. This review will summarize existing data regarding pericyte metabolism and will discuss the coupling of signal pathways to shifts in metabolic pathway preferences that ultimately regulate pericyte quiescence, self-renewal and trans-differentiation. The association between dysregulated metabolic processes and development of pericyte pathologies will be highlighted. Despite ongoing debate regarding pericyte classification and their functional capacity for trans-differentiation in vivo, pericytes are increasingly exploited as a cell therapy tool to promote tissue healing and regeneration. Ultimately, the efficacy of therapeutic approaches hinges on the capacity to effectively control/optimize the fate of the implanted pericytes. Thus, we will identify knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to more effectively harness the opportunity for therapeutic manipulation of pericytes to control pathological outcomes in tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tara L. Haas
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Angiogenesis Research Group and Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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42
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Bravenboer N, Bredella MA, Chauveau C, Corsi A, Douni E, Ferris WF, Riminucci M, Robey PG, Rojas-Sutterlin S, Rosen C, Schulz TJ, Cawthorn WP. Standardised Nomenclature, Abbreviations, and Units for the Study of Bone Marrow Adiposity: Report of the Nomenclature Working Group of the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 10:923. [PMID: 32038486 PMCID: PMC6993042 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into bone marrow adiposity (BMA) has expanded greatly since the late 1990s, leading to development of new methods for the study of bone marrow adipocytes. Simultaneously, research fields interested in BMA have diversified substantially. This increasing interest is revealing fundamental new knowledge of BMA; however, it has also led to a highly variable nomenclature that makes it difficult to interpret and compare results from different studies. A consensus on BMA nomenclature has therefore become indispensable. This article addresses this critical need for standardised terminology and consistent reporting of parameters related to BMA research. The International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS) was formed in 2017 to consolidate the growing scientific community interested in BMA. To address the BMA nomenclature challenge, BMAS members from diverse fields established a working group (WG). Based on their broad expertise, the WG first reviewed the existing, unsystematic nomenclature and identified terms, and concepts requiring further discussion. They thereby identified and defined 8 broad concepts and methods central to BMA research. Notably, these had been described using 519 unique combinations of term, abbreviation and unit, many of which were overlapping or redundant. On this foundation a second consensus was reached, with each term classified as "to use" or "not to use." As a result, the WG reached a consensus to craft recommendations for 26 terms related to concepts and methods in BMA research. This was approved by the Scientific Board and Executive Board of BMAS and is the basis for the present recommendations for a formal BMA nomenclature. As an example, several terms or abbreviations have been used to represent "bone marrow adipocytes," including BMAds, BM-As, and BMAs. The WG decided that BMA should refer to "bone marrow adiposity"; that BM-A is too similar to BMA; and noted that "Ad" has previously been recommended to refer to adipocytes. Thus, it was recommended to use BMAds to represent bone marrow adipocytes. In conclusion, the standard nomenclature proposed in this article should be followed for all communications of results related to BMA. This will allow for better interactions both inside and outside of this emerging scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Miriam A. Bredella
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleni Douni
- Biological Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Athens, Greece
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - William F. Ferris
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela G. Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, NIDCR, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shanti Rojas-Sutterlin
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Clifford Rosen
- Maine Medical Research Center Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Tim J. Schulz
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Germany
| | - William P. Cawthorn
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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43
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Haylett WL, Ferris WF. Adipocyte-progenitor cell communication that influences adipogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:115-128. [PMID: 31352534 PMCID: PMC11104918 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is located in discrete depots that are differentially associated with elevated risk of metabolic complications, with fat accretion in visceral depots being most detrimental to metabolic health. Currently, the regulation of specific adipose depot expansion, by adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia and consequently fat distribution, is not well understood. However, a growing body of evidence from in vitro investigations indicates that mature adipocytes secrete factors that modulate the proliferation and differentiation of progenitor, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). It is therefore plausible that endocrine communication between adipocytes and ADSCs located in different depots influences fat distribution, and may therefore contribute to the adverse health outcomes associated with visceral adiposity. This review will explore the available evidence of paracrine and endocrine crosstalk between mature adipocytes and ADSCs that affects adipogenesis, as a better understanding of the regulatory roles of the extracellular signalling mechanisms within- and between adipose depots may profoundly change the way we view adipose tissue growth in obesity and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lloyd Haylett
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - William Frank Ferris
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
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44
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Algaba-Chueca F, Maymó-Masip E, Ejarque M, Ballesteros M, Llauradó G, López C, Guarque A, Serena C, Martínez-Guasch L, Gutiérrez C, Bosch R, Vendrell J, Megía A, Fernández-Veledo S. Gestational diabetes impacts fetal precursor cell responses with potential consequences for offspring. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 9:351-363. [PMID: 31880859 PMCID: PMC7031647 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal programming has been proposed as a key mechanism underlying the association between intrauterine exposure to maternal diabetes and negative health outcomes in offspring. To determine whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) might leave an imprint in fetal precursors of the amniotic membrane and whether it might be related to adverse outcomes in offspring, a prospective case‐control study was conducted, in which amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) and resident macrophages were isolated from pregnant patients, with either GDM or normal glucose tolerance, scheduled for cesarean section. After characterization, functional characteristics of AMSCs were analyzed and correlated with anthropometrical and clinical variables from both mother and offspring. GDM‐derived AMSCs displayed an impaired proliferation and osteogenic potential when compared with control cells, accompanied by superior invasive and chemotactic capacity. The expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response (TNFα, MCP‐1, CD40, and CTSS) was upregulated in GDM‐derived AMSCs, whereas anti‐inflammatory IL‐33 was downregulated. Macrophages isolated from the amniotic membrane of GDM mothers consistently showed higher expression of MCP‐1 as well. In vitro studies in which AMSCs from healthy control women were exposed to hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and palmitic acid confirmed these results. Finally, genes involved in the inflammatory response were associated with maternal insulin sensitivity and prepregnancy body mass index, as well as with fetal metabolic parameters. These results suggest that the GDM environment could program stem cells and subsequently favor metabolic dysfunction later in life. Fetal adaptive programming in the setting of GDM might have a direct negative impact on insulin resistance of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Algaba-Chueca
- Servei d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició i Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elsa Maymó-Masip
- Servei d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició i Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Ejarque
- Servei d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició i Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Ballesteros
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,Servei de Ginecologia i Obstetricia, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gemma Llauradó
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos López
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Plataforma de Estudios Histológicos, Citológicos y de Digitalización, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Albert Guarque
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,Servei de Ginecologia i Obstetricia, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carolina Serena
- Servei d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició i Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Martínez-Guasch
- Servei d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició i Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Gutiérrez
- Servei d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició i Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ramón Bosch
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Plataforma de Estudios Histológicos, Citológicos y de Digitalización, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Servei d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició i Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Ana Megía
- Servei d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició i Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Servei d'Endocrinologia i Nutrició i Unitat de Recerca, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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45
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Fadini GP, Spinetti G, Santopaolo M, Madeddu P. Impaired Regeneration Contributes to Poor Outcomes in Diabetic Peripheral Artery Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 40:34-44. [PMID: 31510789 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk and accelerates the course of peripheral artery disease, making patients more susceptible to ischemic events and infections and delaying tissue healing. Current understanding of pathogenic mechanisms is mainly based on the negative influence of diabetes mellitus on atherosclerotic disease and inflammation. In recent years, the novel concept that diabetes mellitus can impinge on endogenous regenerative processes has been introduced. Diabetes mellitus affects regeneration at the local level, disturbing proper angiogenesis, collateral artery formation, and muscle repair. Recent evidence indicates that an impairment in vascular mural cells, alias pericytes, may participate in diabetic peripheral vasculopathy. Moreover, the bone marrow undergoes a global remodeling, consisting of microvessels and sensory neurons rarefaction and fat accumulation, which creates a hostile microenvironment for resident stem cells. Bone marrow remodeling is also responsible for detrimental systemic effects. In particular, the aid of reparative cells from the bone marrow is compromised: these elements are released in an improper manner and become harmful vectors of inflammatory and antiangiogenic molecules and noncoding RNAs. This new understanding of impaired regeneration is inspiring new therapeutic options for the treatment of ischemic complications in people with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Paolo Fadini
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy (G.P.F.).,Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy (G.P.F.)
| | - Gaia Spinetti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy (G.S.)
| | - Marianna Santopaolo
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (M.S., P.M.)
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (M.S., P.M.)
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46
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Mastrolia I, Foppiani EM, Murgia A, Candini O, Samarelli AV, Grisendi G, Veronesi E, Horwitz EM, Dominici M. Challenges in Clinical Development of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells: Concise Review. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1135-1148. [PMID: 31313507 PMCID: PMC6811694 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Identified 50 years ago, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) immediately generated a substantial interest among the scientific community because of their differentiation plasticity and hematopoietic supportive function. Early investigations provided evidence of a relatively low engraftment rate and a transient benefit for challenging congenital and acquired diseases. The reasons for these poor therapeutic benefits forced the entire field to reconsider MSC mechanisms of action together with their ex vivo manipulation procedures. This phase resulted in advances in MSCs processing and the hypothesis that MSC‐tissue supportive functions may be prevailing their differentiation plasticity, broadening the spectrum of MSCs therapeutic potential far beyond their lineage‐restricted commitments. Consequently, an increasing number of studies have been conducted for a variety of clinical indications, revealing additional challenges and suggesting that MSCs are still lagging behind for a solid clinical translation. For this reason, our aim was to dissect the current challenges in the development of still promising cell types that, after more than half a century, still need to reach their maturity. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:1135–1148
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilenia Mastrolia
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Manuela Foppiani
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alba Murgia
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Anna Valeria Samarelli
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Veronesi
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Technopole of Mirandola TPM, Mirandola, Modena, Italy
| | - Edwin M Horwitz
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Program of Cell Therapy and Immuno-Oncology, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Rigenerand srl, Medolla, Modena, Italy.,Technopole of Mirandola TPM, Mirandola, Modena, Italy
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47
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Mangialardi G, Ferland-McCollough D, Maselli D, Santopaolo M, Cordaro A, Spinetti G, Sambataro M, Sullivan N, Blom A, Madeddu P. Bone marrow pericyte dysfunction in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1275-1290. [PMID: 31001672 PMCID: PMC6560025 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Previous studies have shown that diabetes mellitus destabilises the integrity of the microvasculature in different organs by damaging the interaction between pericytes and endothelial cells. In bone marrow, pericytes exert trophic functions on endothelial cells and haematopoietic cells through paracrine mechanisms. However, whether bone marrow pericytes are a target of diabetes-induced damage remains unknown. Here, we investigated whether type 2 diabetes can affect the abundance and function of bone marrow pericytes. METHODS We conducted an observational clinical study comparing the abundance and molecular/functional characteristics of CD146+ pericytes isolated from the bone marrow of 25 individuals without diabetes and 14 individuals with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes, referring to our Musculoskeletal Research Unit for hip reconstructive surgery. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed that diabetes causes capillary rarefaction and compression of arteriole size in bone marrow, without changing CD146+ pericyte counts. These data were confirmed by flow cytometry on freshly isolated bone marrow cells. We then performed an extensive functional and molecular characterisation of immunosorted CD146+ pericytes. Type 2 diabetes caused a reduction in pericyte proliferation, viability, migration and capacity to support in vitro angiogenesis, while inducing apoptosis. AKT is a key regulator of the above functions and its phosphorylation state is reportedly reduced in the bone marrow endothelium of individuals with diabetes. Surprisingly, we could not find a difference in AKT phosphorylation (at either Ser473 or Thr308) in bone marrow pericytes from individuals with and without diabetes. Nonetheless, the angiocrine signalling reportedly associated with AKT was found to be significantly downregulated, with lower levels of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), and activation of the angiogenesis inhibitor angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2). Transfection with the adenoviral vector carrying the coding sequence for constitutively active myristoylated AKT rescued functional defects and angiocrine signalling in bone marrow pericytes from diabetic individuals. Furthermore, an ANGPT2 blocking antibody restored the capacity of pericytes to promote endothelial networking. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This is the first demonstration of pericyte dysfunction in bone marrow of people with type 2 diabetes. An altered angiocrine signalling from pericytes may participate in bone marrow microvascular remodelling in individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mangialardi
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - David Ferland-McCollough
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Davide Maselli
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
- IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marianna Santopaolo
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Andrea Cordaro
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | | | - Maria Sambataro
- Department of Specialized Medicines, Endocrine, Metabolic and Nutrition Diseases Unit, Santa Maria of Ca' Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Niall Sullivan
- Muscloskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ashley Blom
- Muscloskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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48
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Bone Marrow Adipocytes: The Enigmatic Components of the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050707. [PMID: 31109063 PMCID: PMC6572059 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMA) exert pleiotropic roles beyond mere lipid storage and filling of bone marrow (BM) empty spaces, and we are only now beginning to understand their regulatory traits and versatility. BMA arise from the differentiation of BM mesenchymal stromal cells, but they seem to be a heterogeneous population with distinct metabolisms, lipid compositions, secretory properties and functional responses, depending on their location in the BM. BMA also show remarkable differences among species and between genders, they progressively replace the hematopoietic BM throughout aging, and play roles in a range of pathological conditions such as obesity, diabetes and anorexia. They are a crucial component of the BM microenvironment that regulates hematopoiesis, through mechanisms largely unknown. Previously considered as negative regulators of hematopoietic stem cell function, recent data demonstrate their positive support for hematopoietic stem cells depending on the experimental approach. Here, we further discuss current knowledge on the role of BMA in hematological malignancies. Early hints suggest that BMA may provide a suitable metabolic niche for the malignant growth of leukemic stem cells, and protect them from chemotherapy. Future in vivo functional work and improved isolation methods will enable determining the true essence of this elusive BM hematopoietic stem cell niche component, and confirm their roles in a range of diseases. This promising field may open new pathways for efficient therapeutic strategies to restore hematopoiesis, targeting BMA.
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Mahmoud M, Abu-Shahba N, Azmy O, El-Badri N. Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Biology and Functionality: Implications for Autologous Transplantation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2019; 15:194-217. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Rharass T, Lucas S. High Glucose Level Impairs Human Mature Bone Marrow Adipocyte Function Through Increased ROS Production. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:607. [PMID: 31551934 PMCID: PMC6746912 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) accumulate in aging, menopause, and metabolic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. These osteoporotic conditions are associated with oxidative stress and hyperglycemia which are both considered as critical factors underlying bone fragility. Glucose excess and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to favor adipogenesis over osteoblastogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether high glucose exposure could determine dysfunction of mature BMAds, specifically through ROS production. The effects of low (LG, 5 mM) or high glucose (HG, 25 mM) concentrations were examined using human bone mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) in the time course of differentiation, and, up to 21 days once adipocytes were mature. HG did not alter the adipocyte differentiation process of hBMSCs. Yet, after 21 days under HG exposure, PPARG, CEBPA, and adiponectin mRNA expressions were decreased. These alterations were also observed following adipogenic inducer withdrawal as well as in adipocytes fully differentiated in LG then cultured in HG for the last 11 days. Without inducers, HG condition also led to decreased leptin mRNA level. Importantly, intracellular and extracellular ROS concentrations measured using Amplex Red were significantly raised by 50% under HG exposure. This rise was observed once adipocytes ended differentiation and was reproduced within the different cell culture settings without any cytotoxicity. Among genes involved in ROS metabolism, the mRNA level of the H2O2 generating enzyme NOX4 was found upregulated in the presence of HG. Following cell separation, mature BMAds were shown to overproduce ROS and to display the gene alterations in contrast to non-lipid-laden cells. Finally, a non-lethal treatment with a pro-oxidant agent under LG condition reduces the mRNA levels of PPARG, adiponectin, and leptin as the HG condition does in the absence of inducers, and amplifies the effect of glucose excess on gene expression. HG concentration drives mature BMAds toward altered expression of the main adipokines and transcriptional factors. These perturbations are associated with a rise in ROS generation likely mediated through enhanced expression of NOX4. Mature BMAds are thus responsive to changes in glucose and ROS concentrations, which is relevant regarding with their phenotype and function in age- or metabolic disease-related osteoporosis.
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