1
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Müller SM, Jücker M. The Functional Roles of the Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing Inositol 5-Phosphatases SHIP1 and SHIP2 in the Pathogenesis of Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5254. [PMID: 38791291 PMCID: PMC11121230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The src homology 2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatases SHIP1 and SHIP2 are two proteins involved in intracellular signaling pathways and have been linked to the pathogenesis of several diseases. Both protein paralogs are well known for their involvement in the formation of various kinds of cancer. SHIP1, which is expressed predominantly in hematopoietic cells, has been implicated as a tumor suppressor in leukemogenesis especially in myeloid leukemia, whereas SHIP2, which is expressed ubiquitously, has been implicated as an oncogene in a wider variety of cancer types and is suggested to be involved in the process of metastasis of carcinoma cells. However, there are numerous other diseases, such as inflammatory diseases as well as allergic responses, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke, in which SHIP1 can play a role. Moreover, SHIP2 overexpression was shown to correlate with opsismodysplasia and Alzheimer's disease, as well as metabolic diseases. The SHIP1-inhibitor 3-α-aminocholestane (3AC), and SHIP1-activators, such as AQX-435 and AQX-1125, and SHIP2-inhibitors, such as K161 and AS1949490, have been developed and partly tested in clinical trials, which indicates the importance of the SHIP-paralogs as possible targets in the therapy of those diseases. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the involvement of SHIP proteins in the pathogenesis of cancer and other human diseases and to create awareness that SHIP1 and SHIP2 are more than just tumor suppressors and oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
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2
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Vidalle MC, Sheth B, Fazio A, Marvi MV, Leto S, Koufi FD, Neri I, Casalin I, Ramazzotti G, Follo MY, Ratti S, Manzoli L, Gehlot S, Divecha N, Fiume R. Nuclear Phosphoinositides as Key Determinants of Nuclear Functions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1049. [PMID: 37509085 PMCID: PMC10377365 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphoinositides (PPIns) are signalling messengers representing less than five per cent of the total phospholipid concentration within the cell. Despite their low concentration, these lipids are critical regulators of various cellular processes, including cell cycle, differentiation, gene transcription, apoptosis and motility. PPIns are generated by the phosphorylation of the inositol head group of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns). Different pools of PPIns are found at distinct subcellular compartments, which are regulated by an array of kinases, phosphatases and phospholipases. Six of the seven PPIns species have been found in the nucleus, including the nuclear envelope, the nucleoplasm and the nucleolus. The identification and characterisation of PPIns interactor and effector proteins in the nucleus have led to increasing interest in the role of PPIns in nuclear signalling. However, the regulation and functions of PPIns in the nucleus are complex and are still being elucidated. This review summarises our current understanding of the localisation, biogenesis and physiological functions of the different PPIns species in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena C Vidalle
- Inositide Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Bhavwanti Sheth
- Inositide Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Antonietta Fazio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Marvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Leto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Foteini-Dionysia Koufi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Neri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Casalin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Y Follo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Manzoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sonakshi Gehlot
- Inositide Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Nullin Divecha
- Inositide Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Roberta Fiume
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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3
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Ganekal P, Vastrad B, Kavatagimath S, Vastrad C, Kotrashetti S. Bioinformatics and Next-Generation Data Analysis for Identification of Genes and Molecular Pathways Involved in Subjects with Diabetes and Obesity. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020309. [PMID: 36837510 PMCID: PMC9967176 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: A subject with diabetes and obesity is a class of the metabolic disorder. The current investigation aimed to elucidate the potential biomarker and prognostic targets in subjects with diabetes and obesity. Materials and Methods: The next-generation sequencing (NGS) data of GSE132831 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs was conducted with ToppGene. The protein-protein interactions network, module analysis, target gene-miRNA regulatory network and target gene-TF regulatory network were constructed and analyzed. Furthermore, hub genes were validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. A total of 872 DEGs, including 439 up-regulated genes and 433 down-regulated genes were observed. Results: Second, functional enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs are mainly involved in the axon guidance, neutrophil degranulation, plasma membrane bounded cell projection organization and cell activation. The top ten hub genes (MYH9, FLNA, DCTN1, CLTC, ERBB2, TCF4, VIM, LRRK2, IFI16 and CAV1) could be utilized as potential diagnostic indicators for subjects with diabetes and obesity. The hub genes were validated in subjects with diabetes and obesity. Conclusion: This investigation found effective and reliable molecular biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis by integrated bioinformatics analysis, suggesting new and key therapeutic targets for subjects with diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Ganekal
- Department of General Medicine, Basaveshwara Medical College, Chitradurga 577501, Karnataka, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. College of Pharmacy, Gadag 582101, Karnataka, India
| | - Satish Kavatagimath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, K.L.E. College of Pharmacy, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-9480073398
| | - Shivakumar Kotrashetti
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India
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4
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Singh J, Kumar V, Bala K, Aneja A, Singh J. Associations of INPPL1 (+1893CC/AA and + 2945AA/GG) exonic polymorphisms with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in North Indian population: A case control study. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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5
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Cheung HF, Coman C, Westhoff P, Manke M, Sickmann A, Borst O, Gawaz M, Watson SP, Heemskerk JWM, Ahrends R. Targeted Phosphoinositides Analysis Using High-Performance Ion Chromatography-Coupled Selected Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3114-3123. [PMID: 33938762 PMCID: PMC8280744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are minor components of cell membranes, but play crucial roles in numerous signal transduction pathways. To obtain quantitative measures of phosphoinositides, sensitive, accurate, and comprehensive methods are needed. Here, we present a quantitative targeted ion chromatography-mass spectrometry-based workflow that separates phosphoinositide isomers and increases the quantitative accuracy of measured phosphoinositides. Besides testing different analytical characteristics such as extraction and separation efficiency, the reproducibility of the developed workflow was also investigated. The workflow was verified in resting and stimulated human platelets, fat cells, and rat hippocampal brain tissue, where the LOD and LOQ for phosphoinositides were at 312.5 and 625 fmol, respectively. The robustness of the workflow is shown with different applications that confirms its suitability to analyze multiple less-abundant phosphoinositides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilaire
Yam Fung Cheung
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Institute
of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College
of Medical and Dental Sciences, University
of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
- Department
of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Coman
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Philipp Westhoff
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mailin Manke
- Department
of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department
of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department
of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steve P. Watson
- Institute
of Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College
of Medical and Dental Sciences, University
of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Johan W. M. Heemskerk
- Department
of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Leibniz-Institut
für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
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6
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Ando K, Erneux C, Homa M, Houben S, de Fisenne MA, Brion JP, Leroy K. Dysregulation of Phosphoinositide 5-Phosphatases and Phosphoinositides in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:614855. [PMID: 33716646 PMCID: PMC7947285 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.614855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kunie Ando
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Erneux
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Human and Molecular Biology (IRIBHM), Campus Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mégane Homa
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Houben
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Ange de Fisenne
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Brion
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karelle Leroy
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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7
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Pacheco J, Wills RC, Hammond GRV. Induced Dimerization Tools to Deplete Specific Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2251:105-120. [PMID: 33481234 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1142-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical dimerization systems have been used to drive acute depletion of polyphosphoinsitides (PPIns). They do so by inducing subcellular localization of enzymes that catabolize PPIns. By using this approach, all seven PPIns can be depleted in living cells and in real time. The rapid permeation of dimerizer agents and the specific expression of recruiter proteins confer great spatial and temporal resolution with minimal cell perturbation. In this chapter, we provide detailed instructions to monitor and induce depletion of PPIns in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pacheco
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rachel C Wills
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gerald R V Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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8
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Watkins OC, Yong HEJ, Sharma N, Chan SY. A review of the role of inositols in conditions of insulin dysregulation and in uncomplicated and pathological pregnancy. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1626-1673. [PMID: 33280430 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1845604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inositols, a group of 6-carbon polyols, are highly bioactive molecules derived from diet and endogenous synthesis. Inositols and their derivatives are involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and participate in insulin-signaling, with perturbations in inositol processing being associated with conditions involving insulin resistance, dysglycemia and dyslipidemia such as polycystic ovary syndrome and diabetes. Pregnancy is similarly characterized by substantial and complex changes in glycemic and lipidomic regulation as part of maternal adaptation and is also associated with physiological alterations in inositol processing. Disruptions in maternal adaptation are postulated to have a critical pathophysiological role in pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia. Inositol supplementation has shown promise as an intervention for the alleviation of symptoms in conditions of insulin resistance and for gestational diabetes prevention. However, the mechanisms behind these affects are not fully understood. In this review, we explore the role of inositols in conditions of insulin dysregulation and in pregnancy, and identify priority areas for research. We particularly examine the role and function of inositols within the maternal-placental-fetal axis in both uncomplicated and pathological pregnancies. We also discuss how inositols may mediate maternal-placental-fetal cross-talk, and regulate fetal growth and development, and suggest that inositols play a vital role in promoting healthy pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C Watkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hannah E J Yong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Szpirer C. Rat models of human diseases and related phenotypes: a systematic inventory of the causative genes. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:84. [PMID: 32741357 PMCID: PMC7395987 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The laboratory rat has been used for a long time as the model of choice in several biomedical disciplines. Numerous inbred strains have been isolated, displaying a wide range of phenotypes and providing many models of human traits and diseases. Rat genome mapping and genomics was considerably developed in the last decades. The availability of these resources has stimulated numerous studies aimed at discovering causal disease genes by positional identification. Numerous rat genes have now been identified that underlie monogenic or complex diseases and remarkably, these results have been translated to the human in a significant proportion of cases, leading to the identification of novel human disease susceptibility genes, helping in studying the mechanisms underlying the pathological abnormalities and also suggesting new therapeutic approaches. In addition, reverse genetic tools have been developed. Several genome-editing methods were introduced to generate targeted mutations in genes the function of which could be clarified in this manner [generally these are knockout mutations]. Furthermore, even when the human gene causing a disease had been identified without resorting to a rat model, mutated rat strains (in particular KO strains) were created to analyze the gene function and the disease pathogenesis. Today, over 350 rat genes have been identified as underlying diseases or playing a key role in critical biological processes that are altered in diseases, thereby providing a rich resource of disease models. This article is an update of the progress made in this research and provides the reader with an inventory of these disease genes, a significant number of which have similar effects in rat and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Szpirer
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium.
- , Waterloo, Belgium.
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10
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Held MA, Greenfest-Allen E, Su S, Stoeckert CJ, Stokes MP, Wojchowski DM. Phospho-PTM proteomic discovery of novel EPO- modulated kinases and phosphatases, including PTPN18 as a positive regulator of EPOR/JAK2 Signaling. Cell Signal 2020; 69:109554. [PMID: 32027948 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The formation of erythroid progenitor cells depends sharply upon erythropoietin (EPO), its cell surface receptor (erythropoietin receptor, EPOR), and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). Clinically, recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) additionally is an important anti-anemia agent for chronic kidney disease (CKD), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and chemotherapy, but induces hypertension, and can exert certain pro-tumorigenic effects. Cellular signals transduced by EPOR/JAK2 complexes, and the nature of EPO-modulated signal transduction factors, therefore are of significant interest. By employing phospho-tyrosine post-translational modification (p-Y PTM) proteomics and human EPO- dependent UT7epo cells, we have identified 22 novel kinases and phosphatases as novel EPO targets, together with their specific sites of p-Y modification. New kinases modified due to EPO include membrane palmitoylated protein 1 (MPP1) and guanylate kinase 1 (GUK1) guanylate kinases, together with the cytoskeleton remodeling kinases, pseudopodium enriched atypical kinase 1 (PEAK1) and AP2 associated kinase 1 (AAK1). Novel EPO- modified phosphatases include protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type A (PTPRA), phosphohistidine phosphatase 1 (PHPT1), tensin 2 (TENC1), ubiquitin associated and SH3 domain containing B (UBASH3B) and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 18 (PTPN18). Based on PTPN18's high expression in hematopoietic progenitors, its novel connection to JAK kinase signaling, and a unique EPO- regulated PTPN18-pY389 motif which is modulated by JAK2 inhibitors, PTPN18's actions in UT7epo cells were investigated. Upon ectopic expression, wt-PTPN18 promoted EPO dose-dependent cell proliferation, and survival. Mechanistically, PTPN18 sustained the EPO- induced activation of not only mitogen-activated protein kinases 1 and 3 (ERK1/2), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1-3 (AKT), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A and 5B (STAT5), but also JAK2. Each effect further proved to depend upon PTPN18's EPO- modulated (p)Y389 site. In analyses of the EPOR and the associated adaptor protein RHEX (regulator of hemoglobinization and erythroid cell expansion), wt-PTPN18 increased high molecular weight EPOR forms, while sharply inhibiting the EPO-induced phosphorylation of RHEX-pY141. Each effect likewise depended upon PTPN18-Y389. PTPN18 thus promotes signals for EPO-dependent hematopoietic cell growth, and may represent a new druggable target for myeloproliferative neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Held
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, United States of America
| | - Emily Greenfest-Allen
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States of America
| | - Su Su
- Molecular Medicine Department, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, 04074, United States of America
| | - Christian J Stoeckert
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States of America
| | - Matthew P Stokes
- Proteomics Division, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, 01923., United States of America
| | - Don M Wojchowski
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, United States of America.
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11
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Berg ME, Naams JB, Hautala LC, Tolvanen TA, Ahonen JP, Lehtonen S, Wähälä K. Novel Sulfonanilide Inhibitors of SHIP2 Enhance Glucose Uptake into Cultured Myotubes. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:1430-1438. [PMID: 32010815 PMCID: PMC6990439 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of substituted sulfonanilide analogs were prepared and evaluated as novel potent inhibitors of SH2 domain-containing inositol polyphosphate 5'-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2). SHIP2 has been shown to be a new attractive target for the treatment of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), which can lead to life-threatening diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Amongst the synthesized compounds, the two most promising candidates, 10 and 11, inhibited SHIP2 significantly. Additionally, these compounds induced Akt activation in a dose-dependent manner, increased the presence of glucose transporter 4 at the plasma membrane, and enhanced glucose uptake in cultured myotubes in vitro at lower concentrations than metformin, the most widely used antidiabetic drug. These results show that the novel SHIP2 inhibitors have insulin sensitizing capacity and provide prototypes for further drug development for T2D and DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika E.
A. Berg
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jette-Britt Naams
- Research
Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, Helsinki, 00014 Finland
| | - Laura C. Hautala
- Research
Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, Helsinki, 00014 Finland
| | - Tuomas A. Tolvanen
- Department
of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari P. Ahonen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Lehtonen
- Research
Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, Helsinki, 00014 Finland
- Department
of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Wähälä
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department
of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- E-mail: . Phone: +358504487502
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12
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Lehtonen S. SHIPping out diabetes-Metformin, an old friend among new SHIP2 inhibitors. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13349. [PMID: 31342643 PMCID: PMC6916339 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SHIP2 (Src homology 2 domain‐containing inositol 5′‐phosphatase 2) belongs to the family of 5′‐phosphatases. It regulates the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)‐mediated insulin signalling cascade by dephosphorylating the 5′‐position of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 to generate PtdIns(3,4)P2, suppressing the activity of the pathway. SHIP2 mouse models and genetic studies in human propose that increased expression or activity of SHIP2 contributes to the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. This has raised great interest to identify SHIP2 inhibitors that could be used to design new treatments for metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the central mechanisms associated with the development of diabetic kidney disease, including the role of insulin resistance, and then moves on to describe the function of SHIP2 as a regulator of metabolism in mouse models. Finally, the identification of SHIP2 inhibitors and their effects on metabolic processes in vitro and in vivo are outlined. One of the newly identified SHIP2 inhibitors is metformin, the first‐line medication prescribed to patients with type 2 diabetes, further boosting the attraction of SHIP2 as a treatment target to ameliorate metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Lehtonen
- Department of Pathology and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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13
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Li X, Miao Y, Pal DS, Devreotes PN. Excitable networks controlling cell migration during development and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 100:133-142. [PMID: 31836289 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The directed movements of individual, groups, or sheets of cells at specific times in particular locations bring about form and complexity to developing organisms. Cells move by extending protrusions, such as macropinosomes, pseudopods, lamellipods, filopods, or blebs. Although many of the cytoskeletal components within these structures are known, less is known about the mechanisms that determine their location, number, and characteristics. Recent evidence suggests that control may be exerted by a signal transduction excitable network whose components and activities, including Ras, PI3K, TorC2, and phosphoinositides, self-organize on the plasma membrane and propagate in waves. The waves drive the various types of protrusions, which in turn, determine the modes of cell migration. Acute perturbations at specific points in the network produce abrupt shifts in protrusion type, including transitions from pseudopods to filopods or lamellipods. These observations have also contributed to a delineation of the signal transduction network, including candidate fast positive and delayed negative feedback loops. The network contains many oncogenes and tumor suppressors, and other molecules which have recently been implicated in developmental and metabolic abnormalities. Thus, the concept of signal transduction network excitability in cell migration can be used to understand disease states and morphological changes occurring in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yuchuan Miao
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dhiman Sankar Pal
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Peter N Devreotes
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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14
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Otto GW, Kaisaki PJ, Brial F, Le Lay A, Cazier JB, Mott R, Gauguier D. Conserved properties of genetic architecture of renal and fat transcriptomes in rat models of insulin resistance. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.038539. [PMID: 31213483 PMCID: PMC6679378 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.038539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To define renal molecular mechanisms that are affected by permanent hyperglycaemia and might promote phenotypes relevant to diabetic nephropathy, we carried out linkage analysis of genome-wide gene transcription in the kidneys of F2 offspring from the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model of type 2 diabetes and normoglycaemic Brown Norway (BN) rats. We mapped 2526 statistically significant expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in the cross. More than 40% of eQTLs mapped in the close vicinity of the linked transcripts, underlying possible cis-regulatory mechanisms of gene expression. We identified eQTL hotspots on chromosomes 5 and 9 regulating the expression of 80-165 genes, sex or cross direction effects, and enriched metabolic and immunological processes by segregating GK alleles. Comparative analysis with adipose tissue eQTLs in the same cross showed that 496 eQTLs, in addition to the top enriched biological pathways, are conserved in the two tissues. Extensive similarities in eQTLs mapped in the GK rat and in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) suggest a common aetiology of disease phenotypes common to the two strains, including insulin resistance, which is a prominent pathophysiological feature in both GK rats and SHRs. Our data shed light on shared and tissue-specific molecular mechanisms that might underlie aetiological aspects of insulin resistance in the context of spontaneously occurring hyperglycaemia and hypertension. Summary: Kidney and fat expression QTL mapping in rat models of spontaneously occurring insulin resistance associated with either diabetes or hypertension reveals conserved gene expression regulation, suggesting shared aetiology of disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg W Otto
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University College London Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela J Kaisaki
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Francois Brial
- University Paris Descartes, INSERM UMR 1124, 45 rue des Saint-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Le Lay
- University Paris Descartes, INSERM UMR 1124, 45 rue des Saint-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cazier
- Centre for Computational Biology, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Mott
- University College London Genetics Institute, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Gauguier
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom .,University Paris Descartes, INSERM UMR 1124, 45 rue des Saint-Pères, 75006 Paris, France.,McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, 740 Doctor Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
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15
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Polianskyte-Prause Z, Tolvanen TA, Lindfors S, Dumont V, Van M, Wang H, Dash SN, Berg M, Naams JB, Hautala LC, Nisen H, Mirtti T, Groop PH, Wähälä K, Tienari J, Lehtonen S. Metformin increases glucose uptake and acts renoprotectively by reducing SHIP2 activity. FASEB J 2019; 33:2858-2869. [PMID: 30321069 PMCID: PMC6338644 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800529rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, the first-line drug to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D), inhibits mitochondrial glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase in the liver to suppress gluconeogenesis. However, the direct target and the underlying mechanisms by which metformin increases glucose uptake in peripheral tissues remain uncharacterized. Lipid phosphatase Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol-5-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) is upregulated in diabetic rodent models and suppresses insulin signaling by reducing Akt activation, leading to insulin resistance and diminished glucose uptake. Here, we demonstrate that metformin directly binds to and reduces the catalytic activity of the recombinant SHIP2 phosphatase domain in vitro. Metformin inhibits SHIP2 in cultured cells and in skeletal muscle and kidney of db/db mice. In SHIP2-overexpressing myotubes, metformin ameliorates reduced glucose uptake by slowing down glucose transporter 4 endocytosis. SHIP2 overexpression reduces Akt activity and enhances podocyte apoptosis, and both are restored to normal levels by metformin. SHIP2 activity is elevated in glomeruli of patients with T2D receiving nonmetformin medication, but not in patients receiving metformin, compared with people without diabetes. Furthermore, podocyte loss in kidneys of metformin-treated T2D patients is reduced compared with patients receiving nonmetformin medication. Our data unravel a novel molecular mechanism by which metformin enhances glucose uptake and acts renoprotectively by reducing SHIP2 activity.-Polianskyte-Prause, Z., Tolvanen, T. A., Lindfors, S., Dumont, V., Van, M., Wang, H., Dash, S. N., Berg, M., Naams, J.-B., Hautala, L. C., Nisen, H., Mirtti, T., Groop, P.-H., Wähälä, K., Tienari, J., Lehtonen, S. Metformin increases glucose uptake and acts renoprotectively by reducing SHIP2 activity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Kidney Diseases/prevention & control
- Male
- Metformin/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate 5-Phosphatases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate 5-Phosphatases/metabolism
- Podocytes/cytology
- Podocytes/drug effects
- Podocytes/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sonja Lindfors
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincent Dumont
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Van
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Surjya N. Dash
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Berg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Laura C. Hautala
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harry Nisen
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Kristiina Wähälä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Tienari
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, Hyvinkää, Finland
| | - Sanna Lehtonen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Wang Z, Nie Y, Zhang K, Xu H, Ramelot TA, Kennedy MA, Liu M, Zhu J, Yang Y. Solution structure of SHIP2 SH2 domain and its interaction with a phosphotyrosine peptide from c-MET. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 656:31-37. [PMID: 30165040 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) binds with the Y1356-phosphorylated hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, c-MET, through its SH2 domain, which is essential for the role of SHIP2 in HGF-induced cell scattering and cell spreading. Previously, the experimental structure of the SH2 domain from SHIP2 (SHIP2-SH2) had not been reported, and its interaction with the Y1356-phosphorylated c-MET had not been investigated from a structural point of view. In this study, the solution structure of SHIP2-SH2 was determined by NMR spectroscopy, where it was found to adopt a typical SH2-domain fold that contains a positively-charged pocket for binding to phosphotyrosine (pY). The interaction between SHIP2-SH2 and a pY-containing peptide from c-MET (Y1356 phosphorylated) was investigated through NMR titrations. The results showed that the binding affinity of SHIP2-SH2 with the phosphopeptide is at low micromolar level, and the binding interface consists of the positively-charged pocket and its surrounding regions. Furthermore, R28, S49 and R70 were identified as key residues for the binding and may directly interact with the pY. Taken together, these findings provide structural insights into the binding of SHIP2-SH2 with the Y1356-phosphorylated c-MET, and lay a foundation for further studies of the interactions between SHIP2-SH2 and its various binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yao Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kunxiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Henghao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Theresa A Ramelot
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, United States
| | - Michael A Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, United States
| | - Maili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Yunhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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17
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Bihoreau MT, Dumas ME, Lathrop M, Gauguier D. Genomic regulation of type 2 diabetes endophenotypes: Contribution from genetic studies in the Goto-Kakizaki rat. Biochimie 2017; 143:56-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Watt NT, Gage MC, Patel PA, Viswambharan H, Sukumar P, Galloway S, Yuldasheva NY, Imrie H, Walker AMN, Griffin KJ, Makava N, Skromna A, Bridge K, Beech DJ, Schurmans S, Wheatcroft SB, Kearney MT, Cubbon RM. Endothelial SHIP2 Suppresses Nox2 NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Vascular Oxidative Stress, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Systemic Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2017; 66:2808-2821. [PMID: 28830894 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Shc homology 2-containing inositol 5' phosphatase-2 (SHIP2) is a lipid phosphatase that inhibits insulin signaling downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K); its role in vascular function is poorly understood. To examine its role in endothelial cell (EC) biology, we generated mice with catalytic inactivation of one SHIP2 allele selectively in ECs (ECSHIP2Δ/+). Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamping studies revealed that ECSHIP2Δ/+ was resistant to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle compared with littermate controls. ECs from ECSHIP2Δ/+ mice had increased basal expression and activation of PI3K downstream targets, including Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, although incremental activation by insulin and shear stress was impaired. Insulin-mediated vasodilation was blunted in ECSHIP2Δ/+ mice, as was aortic nitric oxide bioavailability. Acetylcholine-induced vasodilation was also impaired in ECSHIP2Δ/+ mice, which was exaggerated in the presence of a superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic. Superoxide abundance was elevated in ECSHIP2Δ/+ ECs and was suppressed by PI3K and NADPH oxidase 2 inhibitors. These findings were phenocopied in healthy human ECs after SHIP2 silencing. Our data suggest that endothelial SHIP2 is required to maintain normal systemic glucose homeostasis and prevent oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole T Watt
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - Matthew C Gage
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - Peysh A Patel
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - Hema Viswambharan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - Piruthivi Sukumar
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - Stacey Galloway
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - Nadira Y Yuldasheva
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - Helen Imrie
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - Andrew M N Walker
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - Kathryn J Griffin
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - Natalia Makava
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - Anna Skromna
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - Katherine Bridge
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - David J Beech
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - Stéphane Schurmans
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics, GIGA Research Centre, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stephen B Wheatcroft
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K.
| | - Richard M Cubbon
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Leeds Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
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19
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Morin-Doré L, Blondin P, Vigneault C, Grand FX, Labrecque R, Sirard MA. Transcriptomic evaluation of bovine blastocysts obtained from peri-pubertal oocyte donors. Theriogenology 2017; 93:111-123. [PMID: 28257859 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Assisted reproduction technologies (ART) and high selection pressure in the dairy industry are leading towards the use of younger females for reproduction, thereby reducing the interval between generations. This situation may have a negative impact on embryo quality, thus reducing the success rate of the procedures. This study aimed to document the effects of oocyte donor age on embryo quality, at the transcriptomic level, in order to characterize the effects of using young females for reproduction purpose. Young Holstein heifers (n = 10) were used at three different ages for ovarian stimulation protocols and oocyte collections (at 8, 11 and 14 months). All of the oocytes were fertilized in vitro with the semen of one adult bull, generating three lots of embryos per animal. Each animal was its own control for the evaluation of the effects of age. The EmbryoGENE platform was used for the assessment of gene expression patterns at the blastocyst stage. Embryos from animals at 8 vs 14 months and at 11 vs 14 months were used for microarray hybridization. Validation was done by performing RT-qPCR on seven candidate genes. Age-related contrast analysis (8 vs 14 mo and 11 vs 14 mo) identified 242 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for the first contrast, and 296 for the second. The analysis of the molecular and biological functions of the DEGs suggests a metabolic cause to explain the differences that are observed between embryos from immature and adult subjects. The mTOR and PPAR signaling pathways, as well as the NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response pathways were among the gene expression pathways affected by donor age. In conclusion, the main differences between embryos produced at peri-pubertal ages are related to metabolic conditions resulting in a higher impact of in vitro conditions on blastocyts from younger heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonie Morin-Doré
- Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc-André Sirard
- Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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20
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Thomas MP, Erneux C, Potter BVL. SHIP2: Structure, Function and Inhibition. Chembiochem 2017; 18:233-247. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; University of Bath; Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Christophe Erneux
- I.R.I.B.H.M.; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Campus Erasme 808 Route de Lennik 1070 Brussels Belgium
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Drug Discovery and Medicinal Chemistry; Department of Pharmacology; University of Oxford; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3QT UK
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21
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Fradet A, Fitzgerald J. INPPL1 gene mutations in opsismodysplasia. J Hum Genet 2016; 62:135-140. [PMID: 27708270 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The INPPL1 (inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-like 1) gene encodes the inositol phosphatase, SHIP2 (for src homology 2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase 2). SHIP2 functions to dephosphorylate, and negatively regulate, the lipid second messenger phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)P3. SHIP2 has been well studied in the area of insulin resistance and obesity but has roles in cancer and other disorders. Recently, it was reported that mutations in INPPL1 cause opsismodysplasia, a rare, autosomal recessive severe skeletal dysplasia. This review focuses on the mutations associated with opsismodysplasia and explores the role of INPPL1/ SHIP2 in skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Fradet
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jamie Fitzgerald
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital System, Detroit, MI, USA
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22
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Dumas ME, Domange C, Calderari S, Martínez AR, Ayala R, Wilder SP, Suárez-Zamorano N, Collins SC, Wallis RH, Gu Q, Wang Y, Hue C, Otto GW, Argoud K, Navratil V, Mitchell SC, Lindon JC, Holmes E, Cazier JB, Nicholson JK, Gauguier D. Topological analysis of metabolic networks integrating co-segregating transcriptomes and metabolomes in type 2 diabetic rat congenic series. Genome Med 2016; 8:101. [PMID: 27716393 PMCID: PMC5045612 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-016-0352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic regulation of metabolic phenotypes (i.e., metabotypes) in type 2 diabetes mellitus occurs through complex organ-specific cellular mechanisms and networks contributing to impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Genome-wide gene expression profiling systems can dissect the genetic contributions to metabolome and transcriptome regulations. The integrative analysis of multiple gene expression traits and metabolic phenotypes (i.e., metabotypes) together with their underlying genetic regulation remains a challenge. Here, we introduce a systems genetics approach based on the topological analysis of a combined molecular network made of genes and metabolites identified through expression and metabotype quantitative trait locus mapping (i.e., eQTL and mQTL) to prioritise biological characterisation of candidate genes and traits. Methods We used systematic metabotyping by 1H NMR spectroscopy and genome-wide gene expression in white adipose tissue to map molecular phenotypes to genomic blocks associated with obesity and insulin secretion in a series of rat congenic strains derived from spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) and normoglycemic Brown-Norway (BN) rats. We implemented a network biology strategy approach to visualize the shortest paths between metabolites and genes significantly associated with each genomic block. Results Despite strong genomic similarities (95–99 %) among congenics, each strain exhibited specific patterns of gene expression and metabotypes, reflecting the metabolic consequences of series of linked genetic polymorphisms in the congenic intervals. We subsequently used the congenic panel to map quantitative trait loci underlying specific mQTLs and genome-wide eQTLs. Variation in key metabolites like glucose, succinate, lactate, or 3-hydroxybutyrate and second messenger precursors like inositol was associated with several independent genomic intervals, indicating functional redundancy in these regions. To navigate through the complexity of these association networks we mapped candidate genes and metabolites onto metabolic pathways and implemented a shortest path strategy to highlight potential mechanistic links between metabolites and transcripts at colocalized mQTLs and eQTLs. Minimizing the shortest path length drove prioritization of biological validations by gene silencing. Conclusions These results underline the importance of network-based integration of multilevel systems genetics datasets to improve understanding of the genetic architecture of metabotype and transcriptomic regulation and to characterize novel functional roles for genes determining tissue-specific metabolism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-016-0352-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France. .,Metabometrix Ltd, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BP, UK.
| | - Céline Domange
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France.,UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Sophie Calderari
- Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre & Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Andrea Rodríguez Martínez
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rafael Ayala
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Steven P Wilder
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Nicolas Suárez-Zamorano
- Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre & Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Stephan C Collins
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Robert H Wallis
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Quan Gu
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Yulan Wang
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Christophe Hue
- UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Georg W Otto
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Karène Argoud
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Vincent Navratil
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
| | | | - John C Lindon
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cazier
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Haworth Building, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Dominique Gauguier
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre & Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, 75006, France. .,The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
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23
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Kanduc D. Measles virus hemagglutinin epitopes are potential hotspots for crossreactions with immunodeficiency-related proteins. Future Microbiol 2016; 10:503-15. [PMID: 25865190 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Measles virus (MV) infection induces a protective immunity that is accompanied by a transient pathologic suppression of the immune system. This immunologic paradox remains unexplained in spite of the numerous hypotheses that have been advanced (i.e., cytokine production, soluble immunosuppressive factor, cell cycle block, signaling lymphocyte activation molecule receptor and MV infection of dendritic cells, among others). METHODS Searching for molecular link(s) between MV infection and host immunodeficiency, this study used the Immune Epitope DataBase to analyze the peptide sharing between the antigenic MV hemagglutinin (H) protein and human proteins associated with immunodeficiency. RESULTS It was found that the majority of MVH derived epitopes share several exact pentapeptide sequences with numerous human proteins involved in immune functions and immunodeficiency, such as B- and T-cell antigens, and complement components. CONCLUSION The data suggest that crossreactivity might contribute to our understanding of the link between MV immunogenicity and MV-induced immunosuppression, and highlight peptides unique to MV as a basis for developing effective and safe anti-MV vaccines.
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Gorgani-Firuzjaee S, Meshkani R. SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP2) inhibition ameliorates high glucose-induced de-novo lipogenesis and VLDL production through regulating AMPK/mTOR/SREBP1 pathway and ROS production in HepG2 cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:679-89. [PMID: 26456051 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic de-novo lipogenesis and production of triglyceride rich very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) is increased in the state of insulin resistance, however, the role of a negative regulator of the insulin signaling pathway, the SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP2) in this process, remains unknown. In the present study, we studied the molecular mechanisms linking SHIP2 expression to metabolic dyslipidemia using overexpression or suppression of SHIP2 gene in HepG2 cells exposed to high glucose (33 mM). The results showed that high glucose induced SHIP2 mRNA and protein levels in HepG2 cells. Overexpression of the dominant negative mutant SHIP2 (SHIP2-DN) ameliorated high glucose-induced de-novo lipogenesis and secretion of apoB containing lipoprotein in HepG2 cells, as demonstrated by a reduction in both secreted apoB and MTP expression, and decreased triglyceride levels and the expression of lipogenic genes such as SREBP1c, FAS and ACC. Overexpression of the SHIP2-DN decreased high glucose-induced apoB containing lipoproteins secretion via reduction in ROS generation, JNK phosphorylation and Akt activation. Furthermore, using the specific inhibitor and activator, it was found that the AMPK/mTOR/SREBP1 is the signaling pathway that mediates the effects of SHIP2 modulation on hepatic de-novo lipogenesis. Taken together, these findings suggest that SHIP2 is an important regulator of hepatic lipogenesis and lipoprotein secretion in insulin resistance state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R Iran.
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25
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Bradley RM, Marvyn PM, Aristizabal Henao JJ, Mardian EB, George S, Aucoin MG, Stark KD, Duncan RE. Acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase 4 (AGPAT4) is a mitochondrial lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase that regulates brain phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol levels. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:1566-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Deranieh RM, Shi Y, Tarsio M, Chen Y, McCaffery JM, Kane PM, Greenberg ML. Perturbation of the Vacuolar ATPase: A NOVEL CONSEQUENCE OF INOSITOL DEPLETION. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:27460-72. [PMID: 26324718 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.683706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Depletion of inositol has profound effects on cell function and has been implicated in the therapeutic effects of drugs used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder. We have previously shown that the anticonvulsant drug valproate (VPA) depletes inositol by inhibiting myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of inositol biosynthesis. To elucidate the cellular consequences of inositol depletion, we screened the yeast deletion collection for VPA-sensitive mutants and identified mutants in vacuolar sorting and the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase). Inositol depletion caused by starvation of ino1Δ cells perturbed the vacuolar structure and decreased V-ATPase activity and proton pumping in isolated vacuolar vesicles. VPA compromised the dynamics of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI3,5P2) and greatly reduced V-ATPase proton transport in inositol-deprived wild-type cells. Osmotic stress, known to increase PI3,5P2 levels, did not restore PI3,5P2 homeostasis nor did it induce vacuolar fragmentation in VPA-treated cells, suggesting that perturbation of the V-ATPase is a consequence of altered PI3,5P2 homeostasis under inositol-limiting conditions. This study is the first to demonstrate that inositol depletion caused by starvation of an inositol synthesis mutant or by the inositol-depleting drug VPA leads to perturbation of the V-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Deranieh
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Yihui Shi
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Maureen Tarsio
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, and
| | - Yan Chen
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - J Michael McCaffery
- the Integrated Imaging Center, Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Patricia M Kane
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, and
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202,
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27
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Gorgani-Firuzjaee S, Ahmadi S, Meshkani R. Palmitate induces SHIP2 expression via the ceramide-mediated activation of NF-κB, and JNK in skeletal muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:494-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Kaisaki PJ, Otto GW, McGouran JF, Toubal A, Argoud K, Waller-Evans H, Finlay C, Caldérari S, Bihoreau MT, Kessler BM, Gauguier D, Mott R. Genetic control of differential acetylation in diabetic rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94555. [PMID: 24743600 PMCID: PMC3990556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational protein modifications such as acetylation have significant regulatory roles in metabolic processes, but their relationship to both variation in gene expression and DNA sequence is unclear. We address this question in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat inbred strain, a model of polygenic type 2 diabetes. Expression of the NAD-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin-3 is down-regulated in GK rats compared to normoglycemic Brown Norway (BN) rats. We show first that a promoter SNP causes down-regulation of Sirtuin-3 expression in GK rats. We then use mass-spectrometry to identify proteome-wide differential lysine acetylation of putative Sirtuin-3 protein targets in livers of GK and BN rats. These include many proteins in pathways connected to diabetes and metabolic syndrome. We finally sequence GK and BN liver transcriptomes and find that mRNA expression of these targets does not differ significantly between GK and BN rats, in contrast to other components of the same pathways. We conclude that physiological differences between GK and BN rats are mediated by a combination of differential protein acetylation and gene transcription and that genetic variation can modulate acetylation independently of expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J. Kaisaki
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Georg W. Otto
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna F. McGouran
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amine Toubal
- INSERM, U872, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism & Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, University Pierre & Marie-Curie, Paris, France
| | - Karène Argoud
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Waller-Evans
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Finlay
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Caldérari
- INSERM, U872, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism & Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, University Pierre & Marie-Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Benedikt M. Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique Gauguier
- INSERM, U872, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism & Nutrition, ICAN, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, University Pierre & Marie-Curie, Paris, France
| | - Richard Mott
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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29
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Ferdaus MZ, Xiao B, Ohara H, Nemoto K, Harada Y, Saar K, Hübner N, Isomura M, Nabika T. Identification of Stim1 as a candidate gene for exaggerated sympathetic response to stress in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95091. [PMID: 24736434 PMCID: PMC3988177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) is known to have exaggerated sympathetic nerve activity to various types of stress, which might contribute to the pathogenesis of severe hypertension and stroke observed in this strain. Previously, by using a congenic strain (called SPwch1.72) constructed between SHRSP and the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY), we showed that a 1.8-Mbp fragment on chromosome 1 (Chr1) of SHRSP harbored the responsible gene(s) for the exaggerated sympathetic response to stress. To further narrow down the candidate region, in this study, another congenic strain (SPwch1.71) harboring a smaller fragment on Chr1 including two functional candidate genes, Phox2a and Ship2, was generated. Sympathetic response to cold and restraint stress was compared among SHRSP, SPwch1.71, SPwch1.72 and WKY by three different methods (urinary norepinephrine excretion, blood pressure measurement by the telemetry system and the power spectral analysis on heart rate variability). The results indicated that the response in SPwch1.71 did not significantly differ from that in SHRSP, excluding Phox2a and Ship2 from the candidate genes. As the stress response in SPwch1.72 was significantly less than that in SHRSP, it was concluded that the 1.2-Mbp congenic region covered by SPwch1.72 (and not by SPwch1.71) was responsible for the sympathetic stress response. The sequence analysis of 12 potential candidate genes in this region in WKY/Izm and SHRSP/Izm identified a nonsense mutation in the stromal interaction molecule 1 (Stim1) gene of SHRSP/Izm which was shared among 4 substrains of SHRSP. A western blot analysis confirmed a truncated form of STIM1 in SHRSP/Izm. In addition, the analysis revealed that the protein level of STIM1 in the brainstem of SHRSP/Izm was significantly lower when compared with WKY/Izm. Our results suggested that Stim1 is a strong candidate gene responsible for the exaggerated sympathetic response to stress in SHRSP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bing Xiao
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohara
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kiyomitsu Nemoto
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Harada
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kathrin Saar
- Department of Experimental Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Hübner
- Department of Experimental Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Minoru Isomura
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
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30
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Stahelin RV, Scott JL, Frick CT. Cellular and molecular interactions of phosphoinositides and peripheral proteins. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 182:3-18. [PMID: 24556335 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Anionic lipids act as signals for the recruitment of proteins containing cationic clusters to biological membranes. A family of anionic lipids known as the phosphoinositides (PIPs) are low in abundance, yet play a critical role in recruitment of peripheral proteins to the membrane interface. PIPs are mono-, bis-, or trisphosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PI) yielding seven species with different structure and anionic charge. The differential spatial distribution and temporal appearance of PIPs is key to their role in communicating information to target proteins. Selective recognition of PIPs came into play with the discovery that the substrate of protein kinase C termed pleckstrin possessed the first PIP binding region termed the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. Since the discovery of the PH domain, more than ten PIP binding domains have been identified including PH, ENTH, FYVE, PX, and C2 domains. Representative examples of each of these domains have been thoroughly characterized to understand how they coordinate PIP headgroups in membranes, translocate to specific membrane docking sites in the cell, and function to regulate the activity of their full-length proteins. In addition, a number of novel mechanisms of PIP-mediated membrane association have emerged, such as coincidence detection-specificity for two distinct lipid headgroups. Other PIP-binding domains may also harbor selectivity for a membrane physical property such as charge or membrane curvature. This review summarizes the current understanding of the cellular distribution of PIPs and their molecular interaction with peripheral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert V Stahelin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Mike and Josie Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
| | - Jordan L Scott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Mike and Josie Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Cary T Frick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
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31
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Viernes DR, Choi LB, Kerr WG, Chisholm JD. Discovery and development of small molecule SHIP phosphatase modulators. Med Res Rev 2013; 34:795-824. [PMID: 24302498 DOI: 10.1002/med.21305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inositol phospholipids play an important role in the transfer of signaling information across the cell membrane in eukaryotes. These signals are often governed by the phosphorylation patterns on the inositols, which are mediated by a number of inositol kinases and phosphatases. The src homology 2 (SH2) containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP) plays a central role in these processes, influencing signals delivered through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. SHIP modulation by small molecules has been implicated as a treatment in a number of human disease states, including cancer, inflammatory diseases, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, alteration of SHIP phosphatase activity may provide a means to facilitate bone marrow transplantation and increase blood cell production. This review discusses the cellular signaling pathways and protein-protein interactions that provide the molecular basis for targeting the SHIP enzyme in these disease states. In addition, a comprehensive survey of small molecule modulators of SHIP1 and SHIP2 is provided, with a focus on the structure, potency, selectivity, and solubility properties of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Viernes
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA 13244
| | - Lydia B Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA 13244
| | - William G Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA 13244.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA 13210.,Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA 13210
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA 13244
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Variants of insulin-signaling inhibitor genes in type 2 diabetes and related metabolic abnormalities. Int J Genomics 2013; 2013:376454. [PMID: 23762820 PMCID: PMC3674720 DOI: 10.1155/2013/376454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance has a central role in the pathogenesis of several metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, obesity, glucose intolerance, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance and related traits are likely to be caused by abnormalities in the genes encoding for proteins involved in the composite network of insulin-signaling; in this review we have focused our attention on genetic variants of insulin-signaling inhibitor molecules. These proteins interfere with different steps in insulin-signaling: ENPP1/PC-1 and the phosphatases PTP1B and PTPRF/LAR inhibit the insulin receptor activation; INPPL1/SHIP-2 hydrolyzes PI3-kinase products, hampering the phosphoinositide-mediated downstream signaling; and TRIB3 binds the serine-threonine kinase Akt, reducing its phosphorylation levels. While several variants have been described over the years for all these genes, solid evidence of an association with type 2 diabetes and related diseases seems to exist only for rs1044498 of the ENPP1 gene and for rs2295490 of the TRIB3 gene. However, overall the data recapitulated in this Review article may supply useful elements to interpret the results of novel, more technically advanced genetic studies; indeed it is becoming increasingly evident that genetic information on metabolic diseases should be interpreted taking into account the complex biological pathways underlying their pathogenesis.
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Awad A, Sar S, Barré R, Cariven C, Marin M, Salles JP, Erneux C, Samuel D, Gassama-Diagne A. SHIP2 regulates epithelial cell polarity through its lipid product, which binds to Dlg1, a pathway subverted by hepatitis C virus core protein. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:2171-85. [PMID: 23699395 PMCID: PMC3708724 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-08-0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The main targets of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are hepatocytes, the highly polarized cells of the liver, and all the steps of its life cycle are tightly dependent on host lipid metabolism. The interplay between polarity and lipid metabolism in HCV infection has been poorly investigated. Signaling lipids, such as phosphoinositides (PIs), play a vital role in polarity, which depends on the distribution and expression of PI kinases and PI phosphatases. In this study, we report that HCV core protein, expressed in Huh7 and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, disrupts apicobasal polarity. This is associated with decreased expression of the polarity protein Dlg1 and the PI phosphatase SHIP2, which converts phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate into phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2). SHIP2 is mainly localized at the basolateral membrane of polarized MDCK cells. In addition, PtdIns(3,4)P2 is able to bind to Dlg1. SHIP2 small interfering RNA or its catalytically dead mutant disrupts apicobasal polarity, similar to HCV core. In core-expressing cells, RhoA activity is inhibited, whereas Rac1 is activated. Of interest, SHIP2 expression rescues polarity, RhoA activation, and restricted core level in MDCK cells. We conclude that SHIP2 is an important regulator of polarity, which is subverted by HCV in epithelial cells. It is suggested that SHIP2 could be a promising target for anti-HCV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Awad
- Université Paris-Sud, UMR-S 785, F-94800 Villejuif, France
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Abstract
Phosphoinositide signalling molecules interact with a plethora of effector proteins to regulate cell proliferation and survival, vesicular trafficking, metabolism, actin dynamics and many other cellular functions. The generation of specific phosphoinositide species is achieved by the activity of phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases, which phosphorylate and dephosphorylate, respectively, the inositol headgroup of phosphoinositide molecules. The phosphoinositide phosphatases can be classified as 3-, 4- and 5-phosphatases based on their specificity for dephosphorylating phosphates from specific positions on the inositol head group. The SAC phosphatases show less specificity for the position of the phosphate on the inositol ring. The phosphoinositide phosphatases regulate PI3K/Akt signalling, insulin signalling, endocytosis, vesicle trafficking, cell migration, proliferation and apoptosis. Mouse knockout models of several of the phosphoinositide phosphatases have revealed significant physiological roles for these enzymes, including the regulation of embryonic development, fertility, neurological function, the immune system and insulin sensitivity. Importantly, several phosphoinositide phosphatases have been directly associated with a range of human diseases. Genetic mutations in the 5-phosphatase INPP5E are causative of the ciliopathy syndromes Joubert and MORM, and mutations in the 5-phosphatase OCRL result in Lowe's syndrome and Dent 2 disease. Additionally, polymorphisms in the 5-phosphatase SHIP2 confer diabetes susceptibility in specific populations, whereas reduced protein expression of SHIP1 is reported in several human leukaemias. The 4-phosphatase, INPP4B, has recently been identified as a tumour suppressor in human breast and prostate cancer. Mutations in one SAC phosphatase, SAC3/FIG4, results in the degenerative neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Indeed, an understanding of the precise functions of phosphoinositide phosphatases is not only important in the context of normal human physiology, but to reveal the mechanisms by which these enzyme families are implicated in an increasing repertoire of human diseases.
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Ichihara Y, Wada T, Soeda Y, Ishii Y, Sasahara M, Tsuneki H, Sasaoka T. SH2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 2 selectively impairs hypothalamic insulin signalling and regulation of food intake in mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:372-82. [PMID: 23286299 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SH2-containing inositol 5'-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) is a lipid phosphatase that negatively regulates the metabolic signalling of insulin in peripheral tissues; however, the expression of SHIP2 in the hypothalamus and its functional roles are largely unknown. In the present study, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that SHIP2 protein exists in neuronal cells expressing neuropeptide Y and pro-opiomelanocortin in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in C57BL/6J mice. Interestingly, the expression levels of SHIP2 in the hypothalamus were elevated in aged C57BL/6J mice and diabetic db/db mice. To clarify the significance of the increased expression of SHIP2 in the hypothalamus, we examined the central effects of insulin and leptin in transgenic mice overexpressing SHIP2 (SHIP2-Tg). Accumulation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate and phosphorylation of Akt in the hypothalamus, induced by i.c.v. injection of insulin, were attenuated in SHIP2-Tg compared to wild-type mice, whereas leptin-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in the hypothalamus was comparable between them. The suppression of food intake after i.c.v. administration of insulin (but not leptin) was attenuated consistently in SHIP2-Tg. In addition, SHIP2-Tg showed increased food consumption after starvation and become heavier with visceral fat accumulation than wild-type mice, despite normal levels of oxygen consumption and spontaneous movement. These results suggest that SHIP2 contributes to the regulation of food intake mainly via the attenuation of insulin signalling in the hypothalamus of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ichihara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Pouillon V, Maréchal Y, Frippiat C, Erneux C, Schurmans S. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B (Itpkb) controls survival, proliferation and cytokine production in mouse peripheral T cells. Adv Biol Regul 2013; 53:39-50. [PMID: 22981169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mice genetically-deficient for the B isoform of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase (or Itpkb) have a severe defect in thymocytes differentiation and thus lack peripheral T cells. In order to study the functional role of Itpkb in peripheral T cells, we constructed a new mouse where a transgene encoding mouse Itpkb is specifically and transiently expressed in thymocytes of Itpkb(-)(/)(-) mice. This allows a partial rescue of mature thymocyte/T cell differentiation and thus the functional characterization of peripheral T cells lacking Itpkb. We show here that Itpkb(-)(/)(-) CD4(+) and CD8(+) peripheral T cells present important functional alterations. Indeed, an increased activated/memory phenotype as well as a decreased proliferative capacity and survival were detected in these T cells. These Itpkb-deficient peripheral T cells have also an increased capacity to secrete cytokines upon stimulation. Together, our present results define the important role of Itpkb in peripheral mature T cell fate and function in mouse, suggesting a potential role for Itpkb in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Pouillon
- Institut de Recherches Interdisciplinaires en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Belgium
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Hyvönen ME, Ihalmo P, Forsblom C, Thorn L, Sandholm N, Lehtonen S, Groop PH. INPPL1 is associated with the metabolic syndrome in men with Type 1 diabetes, but not with diabetic nephropathy. Diabet Med 2012; 29:1589-95. [PMID: 22486725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The metabolic syndrome is a frequent phenomenon in people with Type 1 diabetes and is associated with diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate if the INPPL1 (inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-like 1) gene encoding lipid phosphatase SHIP2 is associated with the metabolic syndrome and diabetic nephropathy in Finnish people with Type 1 diabetes. METHODS Participants were selected from the FinnDiane study for this cross-sectional study. The individuals were divided into controls without the metabolic syndrome (n = 1074) and cases with the metabolic syndrome (n = 1328), or into groups based upon their albumin excretion rate. Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms covering the INPPL1 gene +/- 20 kb were genotyped. The associations between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms and outcome variables were analysed with the χ(2) test and logistic regression. RESULTS Two INPPL1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs2276048 (silent mutation) and rs2276047 (intronic), were associated with the metabolic syndrome in men with odds ratios of 0.23 (95% CI 0.11-0.45, P = 2.1 × 10(-5) ), and 0.37 (0.21-0.65, P = 0.001), adjusted for age, duration of diabetes and history of smoking. When both sexes were included, these associations were less significant. No association between the genotyped single-nucleotide polymorphisms and diabetic nephropathy was observed. CONCLUSIONS INPPL1 gene variants may contribute to susceptibility to the metabolic syndrome in men with Type 1 diabetes, but not to diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Hyvönen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Martyn C, Li J. Fig4 deficiency: a newly emerged lysosomal storage disorder? Prog Neurobiol 2012; 101-102:35-45. [PMID: 23165282 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
FIG4 (Sac3 in mammals) is a 5'-phosphoinositide phosphatase that coordinates the turnover of phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P(2)), a very low abundance phosphoinositide. Deficiency of FIG4 severely affects the human and mouse nervous systems by causing two distinct forms of abnormal lysosomal storage. The first form occurs in spinal sensory neurons, where vacuolated endolysosomes accumulate in perinuclear regions. A second form occurs in cortical/spinal motor neurons and glia, in which enlarged endolysosomes become filled with electron dense materials in a manner indistinguishable from other lysosomal storage disorders. Humans with a deficiency of FIG4 (known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4J or CMT4J) present with clinical and pathophysiological phenotypes indicative of spinal motor neuron degeneration and segmental demyelination. These findings reveal a signaling pathway involving FIG4 that appears to be important for lysosomal function. In this review, we discuss the biology of FIG4 and describe how the deficiency of FIG4 results in lysosomal phenotypes. We also discuss the implications of FIG4/PI(3,5)P(2) signaling in understanding other lysosomal storage diseases, neuropathies, and acquired demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Martyn
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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Dubois E, Jacoby M, Blockmans M, Pernot E, Schiffmann SN, Foukas LC, Henquin JC, Vanhaesebroeck B, Erneux C, Schurmans S. Developmental defects and rescue from glucose intolerance of a catalytically-inactive novel Ship2 mutant mouse. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1971-80. [PMID: 22750293 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The function of the phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase Ship2 was investigated in a new mouse model expressing a germline catalytically-inactive Ship2(∆/∆) mutant protein. Ship2(∆/∆) mice were viable with defects in somatic growth and in development of muscle, adipose tissue and female genital tract. Lipid metabolism and insulin secretion were also affected in these mice, but glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and insulin-induced PKB phosphorylation were not. We expected that the expression of the catalytically inactive Ship2 protein in PI 3'-kinase-defective p110α(D933A/+) mice would counterbalance the phenotypes of parental mice by restoring normal PKB signaling but, for most of the parameters tested, this was not the case. Indeed, often, the Ship2(∆/∆) phenotype had a dominant effect over the p110α(D933A/+) phenotype and, sometimes, there was a surprising additive effect of both mutations. p110α(D933A/+)Ship2(∆/∆) mice still displayed a reduced PKB phosphorylation in response to insulin, compared to wild type mice yet had a normal glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, like the Ship2(∆/∆) mice. Together, our results suggest that the Ship2(∆/∆) phenotype is not dependent on an overstimulated class I PI 3-kinase-PKB signaling pathway and thus, indirectly, that it may be more dependent on the lack of Ship2-produced phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate and derived phosphoinositides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Dubois
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Institut de Biologie et de Médecine Moléculaires (IBMM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
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Edimo WE, Janssens V, Waelkens E, Erneux C. Reversible Ser/Thr SHIP phosphorylation: a new paradigm in phosphoinositide signalling?: Targeting of SHIP1/2 phosphatases may be controlled by phosphorylation on Ser and Thr residues. Bioessays 2012; 34:634-42. [PMID: 22641604 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide (PI) phosphatases such as the SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatases 1/2 (SHIP1 and 2) are important signalling enzymes in human physiopathology. SHIP1/2 interact with a large number of immune and growth factor receptors. Tyrosine phosphorylation of SHIP1/2 has been considered to be the determining regulatory modification. However, here we present a hypothesis, based on recent key publications, highlighting the determining role of Ser/Thr phosphorylation in regulating several key properties of SHIP1/2. Since a subunit of the Ser/Thr phosphatase PP2A has been shown to interact with SHIP2, a putative mechanism for reversing SHIP2 Ser/Thr phosphorylation can be anticipated. PI phosphatases are potential target molecules in human diseases, particularly, but not exclusively, in cancer and diabetes. Therefore, this novel regulatory mechanism deserves further attention in the hunt for discovering novel or complementary therapeutic strategies. This mechanism may be more broadly involved in regulating PI signalling in the case of synaptojanin1 or the phosphatase, tensin homolog, deleted on chromosome TEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- William's Elong Edimo
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
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Pirruccello M, De Camilli P. Inositol 5-phosphatases: insights from the Lowe syndrome protein OCRL. Trends Biochem Sci 2012; 37:134-43. [PMID: 22381590 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The precise regulation of phosphoinositide lipids in cellular membranes is crucial for cellular survival and function. Inositol 5-phosphatases have been implicated in a variety of disorders, including various cancers, obesity, type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and rare genetic conditions. Despite the obvious impact on human health, relatively little structural and biochemical information is available for this family. Here, we review recent structural and mechanistic work on the 5-phosphatases with a focus on OCRL, whose loss of function results in oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe and Dent 2 disease. Studies of OCRL emphasize how the actions of 5-phosphatases rely on both intrinsic and extrinsic membrane recognition properties for full catalytic function. Additionally, structural analysis of missense mutations in the catalytic domain of OCRL provides insight into the phenotypic heterogeneity observed in Lowe syndrome and Dent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Pirruccello
- Department of Cell Biology, HHMI and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Dyson JM, Fedele CG, Davies EM, Becanovic J, Mitchell CA. Phosphoinositide phosphatases: just as important as the kinases. Subcell Biochem 2012; 58:215-279. [PMID: 22403078 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-3012-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide phosphatases comprise several large enzyme families with over 35 mammalian enzymes identified to date that degrade many phosphoinositide signals. Growth factor or insulin stimulation activates the phosphoinositide 3-kinase that phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P(2)] to form phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)], which is rapidly dephosphorylated either by PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) to PtdIns(4,5)P(2), or by the 5-phosphatases (inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases), generating PtdIns(3,4)P(2). 5-phosphatases also hydrolyze PtdIns(4,5)P(2) forming PtdIns(4)P. Ten mammalian 5-phosphatases have been identified, which regulate hematopoietic cell proliferation, synaptic vesicle recycling, insulin signaling, and embryonic development. Two 5-phosphatase genes, OCRL and INPP5E are mutated in Lowe and Joubert syndrome respectively. SHIP [SH2 (Src homology 2)-domain inositol phosphatase] 2, and SKIP (skeletal muscle- and kidney-enriched inositol phosphatase) negatively regulate insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. SHIP2 polymorphisms are associated with a predisposition to insulin resistance. SHIP1 controls hematopoietic cell proliferation and is mutated in some leukemias. The inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatases, INPP4A and INPP4B degrade PtdIns(3,4)P(2) to PtdIns(3)P and regulate neuroexcitatory cell death, or act as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer respectively. The Sac phosphatases degrade multiple phosphoinositides, such as PtdIns(3)P, PtdIns(4)P, PtdIns(5)P and PtdIns(3,5)P(2) to form PtdIns. Mutation in the Sac phosphatase gene, FIG4, leads to a degenerative neuropathy. Therefore the phosphatases, like the lipid kinases, play major roles in regulating cellular functions and their mutation or altered expression leads to many human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Dyson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Wellington Rd, 3800, Clayton, Australia
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Portha B, Giroix MH, Tourrel-Cuzin C, Le-Stunff H, Movassat J. The GK rat: a prototype for the study of non-overweight type 2 diabetes. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2012; 933:125-59. [PMID: 22893405 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-068-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) arises when the endocrine pancreas fails to secrete sufficient insulin to cope with the metabolic demand because of β-cell secretory dysfunction and/or decreased β-cell mass. Defining the nature of the pancreatic islet defects present in T2D has been difficult, in part because human islets are inaccessible for direct study. This review is aimed to illustrate to what extent the Goto Kakizaki rat, one of the best characterized animal models of spontaneous T2D, has proved to be a valuable tool offering sufficient commonalities to study this aspect. A comprehensive compendium of the multiple functional GK abnormalities so far identified is proposed in this perspective, together with their time-course and interactions. A special focus is given toward the pathogenesis of defective β-cell number and function in the GK model. It is proposed that the development of T2D in the GK model results from the complex interaction of multiple events: (1) several susceptibility loci containing genes responsible for some diabetic traits; (2) gestational metabolic impairment inducing an epigenetic programming of the offspring pancreas and the major insulin target tissues; and (3) environmentally induced loss of β-cell differentiation due to chronic exposure to hyperglycemia/hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Portha
- Laboratoire B2PE (Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine), Unité BFA (Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptive), Université Paris-Diderot, CNRS EAC 4413, Paris, France.
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Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) are minor components of cellular membranes that play critical regulatory roles in several intracellular functions. This chapter describes the main enzymes regulating the turnover of each of the seven PIs in mammalian cells and introduces to some of their intracellular functions and to some evidences of their involvement in human diseases. Due to the complex interrelation between the distinct PIs and the plethora of functions that they can regulate inside a cell, this chapter is not meant to be a comprehensive coverage of all aspects of PI signalling but rather an introduction to this complex signalling field. For more details of their regulation/functions and extensive description of their intracellular roles, more detailed reviews are suggested on each single topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Maffucci
- Centre for Diabetes, Blizard Institute, Inositide Signalling Group, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK.
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The inositol Inpp5k 5-phosphatase affects osmoregulation through the vasopressin-aquaporin 2 pathway in the collecting system. Pflugers Arch 2011; 462:871-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-011-1028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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The host phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase SHIP2 regulates dissemination of vaccinia virus. J Virol 2011; 85:7402-10. [PMID: 21543482 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02391-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
After fusing with the plasma membrane, enveloped poxvirus virions form actin-filled membranous protrusions, called tails, beneath themselves and move toward adjacent uninfected cells. While much is known about the host and viral proteins that mediate formation of actin tails, much less is known about the factors controlling release. We found that the phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase SHIP2 localizes to actin tails. Localization requires phosphotyrosine, Abl and Src family tyrosine kinases, and neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) but not the Arp2/Arp3 complex or actin. Cells lacking SHIP2 have normal actin tails but release more virus. Moreover, cells infected with viral strains with mutations in the release inhibitor A34 release more virus but recruit less SHIP2 to tails. Thus, the inhibitory effects of A34 on virus release are mediated by SHIP2. Together, these data suggest that SHIP2 and A34 may act as gatekeepers to regulate dissemination of poxviruses when environmental conditions are conducive.
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A 1.8-Mbp fragment on chromosome 1 affects sympathetic response to stress: evaluation in reciprocal congenic strains between stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat and Wistar–Kyoto rat. J Hypertens 2011; 29:257-65. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32834137cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hyvönen ME, Saurus P, Wasik A, Heikkilä E, Havana M, Trokovic R, Saleem M, Holthöfer H, Lehtonen S. Lipid phosphatase SHIP2 downregulates insulin signalling in podocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 328:70-9. [PMID: 20654688 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte injury plays an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Podocytes are insulin-responsive and can develop insulin resistance, but the mechanisms are unknown. To study the role of CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) in podocyte injury, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screening on a glomerular library, and found that CD2AP bound to SH2-domain-containing inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2), a negative regulator of insulin signalling. SHIP2 interacts with CD2AP in glomeruli and is expressed in podocytes, where it translocates to plasma membrane after insulin stimulation. Overexpression of SHIP2 in cultured podocytes reduces Akt activation in response to insulin, and promotes apoptosis. SHIP2 is upregulated in glomeruli of insulin resistant obese Zucker rats. These results indicate that SHIP2 downregulates insulin signalling in podocytes. The upregulation of SHIP2 in Zucker rat glomeruli prior to the age of onset of proteinuria suggests a possible role for SHIP2 in the development of podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervi E Hyvönen
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (SHIP2) is an important negative regulator of intracellular phosphatidylinositol phosphate, a key second messenger of various intracellular signaling pathways. The functional upregulation of SHIP2 results in signaling blockade, leading to related disorders. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW We first summarize the role of SHIP2 in the regulation of insulin signaling and type 2 diabetes, including remarkable advances in pharmacological approaches. In addition, this review highlights new findings regarding the involvement of SHIP2 in a number of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and atherosclerosis. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Recently identified small-molecule inhibitors of SHIP2 phosphatase activity emphasize the potential therapeutic value of SHIP2. In addition, currently available evidence demonstrates the importance of the scaffolding-type protein function of SHIP2. Understanding this interesting function will help clarify the complicated involvement of SHIP2 in various disorders. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Recent studies have demonstrated that SHIP2 is a promising therapeutic target for not only type 2 diabetes, but also cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and atherosclerosis. Targeting SHIP2 through specific small-molecule inhibitors will have beneficial effects on these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Suwa
- Astellas Pharma, Inc., Pharmacology Research Labs, Drug Discovery Research, 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
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Volpicelli-Daley LA, Lucast L, Gong LW, Liu L, Sasaki J, Sasaki T, Abrams CS, Kanaho Y, De Camilli P. Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinases and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate synthesis in the brain. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:28708-14. [PMID: 20622009 PMCID: PMC2937898 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.132191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The predominant pathway for phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P(2)) synthesis is thought to be phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate at the 5 position of the inositol ring by type I phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIPK): PIPKIalpha, PIPKIbeta, and PIPKIgamma. PIPKIgamma has been shown to play a role in PI(4,5)P(2) synthesis in brain, and the absence of PIPKIgamma is incompatible with postnatal life. Conversely, mice lacking PIPKIalpha or PIPKIbeta (isoforms are referred to according to the nomenclature of human PIPKIs) live to adulthood, although functional effects in specific cell types are observed. To determine the contribution of PIPKIalpha and PIPKIbeta to PI(4,5)P(2) synthesis in brain, we investigated the impact of disrupting multiple PIPKI genes. Our results show that a single allele of PIPKIgamma, in the absence of both PIPKIalpha and PIPKIbeta, can support life to adulthood. In addition, PIPKIalpha alone, but not PIPKIbeta alone, can support prenatal development, indicating an essential and partially overlapping function of PIPKIalpha and PIPKIgamma during embryogenesis. This is consistent with early embryonic expression of PIPKIalpha and PIPKIgamma but not of PIPKIbeta. PIPKIbeta expression in brain correlates with neuronal differentiation. The absence of PIPKIbeta does not impact embryonic development in the PIPKIgamma knock-out (KO) background but worsens the early postnatal phenotype of the PIPKIgamma KO (death occurs within minutes rather than hours). Analysis of PIP(2) in brain reveals that only the absence of PIPKIgamma significantly impacts its levels. Collectively, our results provide new evidence for the dominant importance of PIPKIgamma in mammals and imply that PIPKIalpha and PIPKIbeta function in the generation of specific PI(4,5)P(2) pools that, at least in brain, do not have a major impact on overall PI(4,5)P(2) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Volpicelli-Daley
- Department of Cell Biology, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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