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Zhang S, Lock MC, Tie M, McMillen IC, Botting KJ, Morrison JL. Cardiac programming in the placentally restricted sheep fetus in early gestation. J Physiol 2024; 602:3815-3832. [PMID: 38975864 DOI: 10.1113/jp286702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) occurs in 8% of human pregnancies, and the growth restricted newborn is at a greater risk of developing heart disease in later adult life. In sheep, experimental restriction of placental growth (PR) from conception results in FGR, a decrease in cardiomyocyte endowment and an upregulation of pathological hypertrophic signalling in the fetal heart in late gestation. However, there is no change in the expression of markers of cellular proliferation nor in the level of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the heart of the PR fetus in late gestation. This suggests that FGR arises early in gestation and programs a decrease in cardiomyocyte endowment in early, rather than late, gestation. Here, control and PR fetal sheep were humanely killed at 55 days' gestation (term, 150 days). Fetal body and heart weight were lower in PR compared with control fetuses and there was evidence of sparing of fetal brain growth. While there was no change in the proportion of cardiomyocytes that were proliferating in the early gestation PR heart, there was an increase in measures of apoptosis, and markers of autophagy and pathological hypertrophy in the PR fetal heart. These changes in early gestation highlight that FGR is associated with evidence of early cell death and compensatory hypertrophic responses of cardiomyocytes in the fetal heart. The data suggest that early placental restriction results in a decrease in the pool of proliferative cardiomyocytes in early gestation, which would limit cardiomyocyte endowment in the heart of the PR fetus in late gestation. KEY POINTS: Placental restriction leading to fetal growth restriction (FGR) and chronic fetal hypoxaemia in sheep results in a decrease in cardiomyocyte endowment in late gestation. FGR did not change cardiomyocyte proliferation during early gestation but did result in increased apoptosis and markers of autophagy in the fetal heart, which may result in the decreased endowment of cardiomyocytes observed in late gestation. FGR in early gestation also results in increased hypoxia inducible factor signalling in the fetal heart, which in turn may result in the altered expression of epigenetic regulators, increased expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy during late gestation and after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michelle Tie
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - I Caroline McMillen
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kimberley J Botting
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Yaghoobi A, Rezaee M, Hedayati N, Keshavarzmotamed A, Khalilzad MA, Russel R, Asemi Z, Rajabi Moghadam H, Mafi A. Insight into the cardioprotective effects of melatonin: shining a spotlight on intercellular Sirt signaling communication. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05002-3. [PMID: 38980593 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death and illness worldwide. While there have been advancements in the treatment of CVDs using medication and medical procedures, these conventional methods have limited effectiveness in halting the progression of heart diseases to complete heart failure. However, in recent years, the hormone melatonin has shown promise as a protective agent for the heart. Melatonin, which is secreted by the pineal gland and regulates our sleep-wake cycle, plays a role in various biological processes including oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and cell death. The Sirtuin (Sirt) family of proteins has gained attention for their involvement in many cellular functions related to heart health. It has been well established that melatonin activates the Sirt signaling pathways, leading to several beneficial effects on the heart. These include preserving mitochondrial function, reducing oxidative stress, decreasing inflammation, preventing cell death, and regulating autophagy in cardiac cells. Therefore, melatonin could play crucial roles in ameliorating various cardiovascular pathologies, such as sepsis, drug toxicity-induced myocardial injury, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, hypertension, heart failure, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. These effects may be partly attributed to the modulation of different Sirt family members by melatonin. This review summarizes the existing body of literature highlighting the cardioprotective effects of melatonin, specifically the ones including modulation of Sirt signaling pathways. Also, we discuss the potential use of melatonin-Sirt interactions as a forthcoming therapeutic target for managing and preventing CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Yaghoobi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Hedayati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Reitel Russel
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health. Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Hasan Rajabi Moghadam
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Oksen D, Aslan M. Impact of oxidative stress on myocardial performance in patients with diabetes: a focus on subclinical left ventricular dysfunction. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2024; 12:e004153. [PMID: 38886070 PMCID: PMC11184181 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2024-004153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress is known to affect left ventricular functions negatively. There is a strong bidirectional connection between diabetes mellitus (DM) and oxidative stress. In parallel, left ventricular dysfunction is observed more frequently, even in patients with DM without other risk factors. In this context, the objective of this study is to comparatively investigate the potential relationship between oxidative stress and subclinical left ventricular dysfunction (SCLVD) assessed by Myocardial Performance Index (MPI) in patients with and without DM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The sample of this observational cross-sectional single-center study consisted of 151 patients who were evaluated for oxidative stress and SCLVD by tissue Doppler echocardiography. Patients' total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) values were calculated. The effects of oxidative stress and DM on MPI were analyzed. RESULTS There were 81 patients with DM (mean age: 46.17±10.33 years) and 70 healthy individuals (mean age: 45.72±9.04 years). Mean TOS and OSI values of the DM group were higher than healthy individuals (5.72±0.55 vs 5.31±0.50, p = <0.001; and 4.92±1.93 vs 1.79±0.39, p = <0.001; respectively). The mean TAS value of the DM group was significantly lower than the healthy group (1.21±0.40 vs 3.23±0.51, p = <0.001). There was a significant correlation between OSI and MPI mitral in the DM group (R 0.554, p = <0.001) but not in the healthy group (R -0.069, p=0.249). CONCLUSIONS Both oxidative stress and myocardial dysfunction were found to be more common in patients with DM. The study's findings indicated the negative effect of oxidative stress on myocardial functions. Accordingly, increased oxidative stress caused more significant deterioration in MPI in patients with DM compared with healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogac Oksen
- Cardiology Department, Altinbas Universitesi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Aslan
- Cardiology Department, Siirt University, Siirt, Siirt, Turkey
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Angelone T, Rocca C, Lionetti V, Penna C, Pagliaro P. Expanding the Frontiers of Guardian Antioxidant Selenoproteins in Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024; 40:369-432. [PMID: 38299513 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Physiological levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) function as fundamental messengers for many cellular and developmental processes in the cardiovascular system. ROS/RNS involved in cardiac redox-signaling originate from diverse sources, and their levels are tightly controlled by key endogenous antioxidant systems that counteract their accumulation. However, dysregulated redox-stress resulting from inefficient removal of ROS/RNS leads to inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death, contributing to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent Advances: Basic and clinical studies demonstrate the critical role of selenium (Se) and selenoproteins (unique proteins that incorporate Se into their active site in the form of the 21st proteinogenic amino acid selenocysteine [Sec]), including glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, in cardiovascular redox homeostasis, representing a first-line enzymatic antioxidant defense of the heart. Increasing attention has been paid to emerging selenoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (i.e., a multifunctional intracellular organelle whose disruption triggers cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to multiple CVD), which are crucially involved in redox balance, antioxidant activity, and calcium and ER homeostasis. Critical Issues: This review focuses on endogenous antioxidant strategies with therapeutic potential, particularly selenoproteins, which are very promising but deserve more detailed and clinical studies. Future Directions: The importance of selective selenoproteins in embryonic development and the consequences of their mutations and inborn errors highlight the need to improve knowledge of their biological function in myocardial redox signaling. This could facilitate the development of personalized approaches for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CVD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 369-432.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Angelone
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmine Rocca
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Unit of Translational Critical Care Medicine, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center "Health Science," Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- UOSVD Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Fondazione Toscana "Gabriele Monasterio," Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Penna
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
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He CF, Xiong W, Li XF, Jiang GZ, Zhang L, Liu ZS, Liu WB. The P4' Peptide-Carrying Bacillus subtilis in Cottonseed Meal Improves the Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis Innate Immunity, Redox Defense, and Growth Performance. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2024; 2024:3147505. [PMID: 38374819 PMCID: PMC10876306 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3147505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
This study developed a recombinant Bacillus subtilis to carry the LGSPDVIVIR peptide (cmP4) isolated from the hydrolyzed products of cottonseed meal with excellent antioxidant and immune-enhancing properties in vitro. It was carried as a tandem of five cmP4 peptides (cmP4') to be stably expressed on a large scale. Then, its effectiveness was evaluated in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) based on growth performance, redox defense, and innate immunity. A total of 280 crabs (mean body weight: 41.40 ± 0.14) were randomly assigned to seven diets including a control one (without B. subtilis) and six experimental ones with different doses (107,108, and 109 CFU/kg) of unmodified and recombinant B. subtilis, respectively, for 12 weeks. Each diet was tested in four tanks of crabs (10/tank). In terms of bacterial dosages, the final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), hemolymph and hepatopancreatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lysosome (LZM), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and hepatopancreatic transcriptions of cat, mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (mtmnsod), thioredoxin-1 (trx1), and prophenoloxidase (propo) all increased significantly with increasing B. subtilis dosages, while hemolymph and hepatopancreatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the transcriptions of toll like receptors (tlrs), NF-κB-like transcription factor (relish), and lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (litaf) all decreased remarkably. In terms of bacterial species, the recombinant B. subtilis group obtained significantly high values of FW, WG, hemolymph, and hepatopancreatic activities of SOD, CAT, LZM, ACP, and AKP, and the transcriptions of mtmnsod, peroxiredoxin 6 (prx6), and propo compared with the unmodified B. subtilis, while opposite results were noted in hemolymph and hepatopancreatic MDA content and the transcriptions of tlrs, relish, and litaf. These results indicated that dietary supplementation with 109 CFU/kg of recombinant B. subtilis can improve the growth performance, redox defense, and nonspecific immunity of E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Fan He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guang-Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zi-Shang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
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Zhi F, Zhang Q, Liu L, Chang X, Xu H. Novel insights into the role of mitochondria in diabetic cardiomyopathy: molecular mechanisms and potential treatments. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:641-655. [PMID: 37405612 PMCID: PMC10746653 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy describes decreased myocardial function in diabetic patients in the absence of other heart diseases such as myocardial ischemia and hypertension. Recent studies have defined numerous molecular interactions and signaling events that may account for deleterious changes in mitochondrial dynamics and functions influenced by hyperglycemic stress. A metabolic switch from glucose to fatty acid oxidation to fuel ATP synthesis, mitochondrial oxidative injury resulting from increased mitochondrial ROS production and decreased antioxidant capacity, enhanced mitochondrial fission and defective mitochondrial fusion, impaired mitophagy, and blunted mitochondrial biogenesis are major signatures of mitochondrial pathologies during diabetic cardiomyopathy. This review describes the molecular alterations underlying mitochondrial abnormalities associated with hyperglycemia and discusses their influence on cardiomyocyte viability and function. Based on basic research findings and clinical evidence, diabetic treatment standards and their impact on mitochondrial function, as well as mitochondria-targeted therapies of potential benefit for diabetic cardiomyopathy patients, are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Zhi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Li Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xing Chang
- Guang'anmen Hospital of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Hongtao Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Luffarelli R, Panarello L, Quatrana A, Tiano F, Fortuni S, Rufini A, Malisan F, Testi R, Condò I. Interferon Gamma Enhances Cytoprotective Pathways via Nrf2 and MnSOD Induction in Friedreich's Ataxia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12687. [PMID: 37628866 PMCID: PMC10454386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a rare monogenic disease characterized by multisystem, slowly progressive degeneration. Because of the genetic defect in a non-coding region of FXN gene, FRDA cells exhibit severe deficit of frataxin protein levels. Hence, FRDA pathophysiology is characterized by a plethora of metabolic disruptions related to iron metabolism, mitochondrial homeostasis and oxidative stress. Importantly, an impairment of the antioxidant defences exacerbates the oxidative damage. This appears closely associated with the disablement of key antioxidant proteins, such as the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). The cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ) has been shown to increase frataxin expression in FRDA cells and to improve functional deficits in FRDA mice. Currently, IFN-γ represents a potential therapy under clinical evaluation in FRDA patients. Here, we show that IFN-γ induces a rapid expression of Nrf2 and MnSOD in different cell types, including FRDA patient-derived fibroblasts. Our data indicate that IFN-γ signals two separate pathways to enhance Nrf2 and MnSOD levels in FRDA fibroblasts. MnSOD expression increased through an early transcriptional regulation, whereas the levels of Nrf2 are induced by a post-transcriptional mechanism. We demonstrate that the treatment of FRDA fibroblasts with IFN-γ stimulates a non-canonical Nrf2 activation pathway through p21 and potentiates antioxidant responses under exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, IFN-γ significantly reduced the sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death in FRDA fibroblasts. Collectively, these results indicate the presence of multiple pathways triggered by IFN-γ with therapeutic relevance to FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Luffarelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.L.); (L.P.); (A.Q.); (F.T.); (S.F.); (A.R.); (F.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Luca Panarello
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.L.); (L.P.); (A.Q.); (F.T.); (S.F.); (A.R.); (F.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Andrea Quatrana
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.L.); (L.P.); (A.Q.); (F.T.); (S.F.); (A.R.); (F.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Francesca Tiano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.L.); (L.P.); (A.Q.); (F.T.); (S.F.); (A.R.); (F.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Silvia Fortuni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.L.); (L.P.); (A.Q.); (F.T.); (S.F.); (A.R.); (F.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Alessandra Rufini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.L.); (L.P.); (A.Q.); (F.T.); (S.F.); (A.R.); (F.M.); (R.T.)
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Florence Malisan
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.L.); (L.P.); (A.Q.); (F.T.); (S.F.); (A.R.); (F.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Roberto Testi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.L.); (L.P.); (A.Q.); (F.T.); (S.F.); (A.R.); (F.M.); (R.T.)
| | - Ivano Condò
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.L.); (L.P.); (A.Q.); (F.T.); (S.F.); (A.R.); (F.M.); (R.T.)
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Apostolova N, Vezza T, Muntane J, Rocha M, Víctor VM. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Mitophagy in Type 2 Diabetes: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Targets. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:278-320. [PMID: 36641637 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is related to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world. In the past decade, alterations in autophagy have been shown to play a fundamental role in the development and control of type 2 diabetes. Further, mitophagy has been recognized as a key player in eliminating dysfunctional mitochondria in this disease. Recent Advances: Recently, much progress has been made in understanding the molecular events associated with oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and alterations in autophagy and mitophagy in type 2 diabetes. Critical Issues: Despite increasing evidence of a relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and alterations of autophagy and mitophagy and their role in the pathophysiolology of type 2 diabetes, effective therapeutic strategies to combat the disease through targeting mitochondria, autophagy, and mitophagy are yet to be implemented. Future Directions: This review provides a wide perspective of the existing literature concerning the complicated interplay between autophagy, mitophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Further, potential therapeutic targets based on these molecular mechanisms are explored. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 278-320.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Apostolova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- National Network of Biomedical Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Vezza
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntane
- National Network of Biomedical Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Department of General Surgery, Hospital University "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- National Network of Biomedical Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor M Víctor
- National Network of Biomedical Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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Wei N, Wang J, Hao M, Zhang J, Li T, Hao Y, Zhao Y, Kang C, Zan Y, Xing X. The relationship of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels with left ventricular geometry and function in patients with primary hypertension. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2023; 51:603-609. [PMID: 36444874 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate the relationship of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels with left ventricular geometry (LVG) and function in patients with primary hypertension (PH). METHODS A total of 222 PH patients and 25 healthy control (HC)s were enrolled in this study. All subjects underwent echocardiography and blood biochemical examination. PH patients were divided into four groups based on Ganau classification: normal geometry (NG) group, concentric remodeling (CR) group, eccentric hypertrophy (EH) group, and concentric hypertrophy (CH) group. Pearson correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between SOD and MDA with left ventricular structure and function. RESULTS Compared to the HC, NG and CR groups, MDA level was higher while SOD level was lower in the EH and CH groups (all P < 0.001). SOD level was negatively correlated with IVSd, LVDd, LVPW, and global longitudinal strain (GLS), but positively correlated with LVEF. MDA level was positively correlated with IVSd, LVPW, and GLS, while negatively correlated with e'/a' and LVEF. SOD and MDA were independently associated with CR (OR = 0.970, P = 0.003; OR = 1.204, P = 0.043), EH (OR = 0.879, P < 0.001; OR = 2.197, P = 0.001) and CH (OR = 0.796, P < 0.001; OR = 3.669, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The SOD and MDA levels were correlated with LVG and function in PH patients. SOD and MDA may be important influencing factors of LVG change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wei
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Meifang Hao
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingxuan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yaohong Hao
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yufang Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Caihong Kang
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu Zan
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xueqing Xing
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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10
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Arkat S, Poovitha S, Vijayakumar A, Dhat R, Sitasawad SL, Mahapatra NR. Regulation of peroxiredoxin-3 gene expression under basal and hyperglycemic conditions: Key roles for transcription factors Sp1, CREB and NF-κB. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166691. [PMID: 36933848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin-3 (Prx-3), a thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase located exclusively in the mitochondrial matrix, catalyses peroxides/peroxinitrites. Altered levels of Prx-3 is associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, molecular mechanisms of Prx-3 gene regulation remain partially understood. We undertook a systemic analysis of the Prx-3 gene to identify the key motifs and transcriptional regulatory molecules. Transfection of promoter-reporter constructs in the cultured cells identified -191/+20 bp domain as the core promoter region. Stringent in silico analysis of this core promoter revealed putative binding sites for specificity protein 1 (Sp1), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Interestingly, while co-transfection of the -191/+20 bp construct with Sp1/CREB plasmid diminished Prx3 promoter-reporter activity, mRNA and protein levels, co-transfection with NF-κB expression plasmid augmented the same. Consistently, inhibition of Sp1/CREB/NF-κB expression reversed the promoter-reporter activity, mRNA and protein levels of Prx-3, thereby confirming their regulatory effects. ChIP assays provided evidence for interactions of Sp1/CREB/NF-κB with the Prx-3 promoter. H9c2 cells treated with high glucose as well as streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic rats showed time-dependent reduction in promoter activity, endogenous transcript and protein levels of Prx-3. Augmentation of Sp1/CREB protein levels and their strong binding with Prx-3 promoter are responsible for diminished Prx-3 levels under hyperglycemia. The activation/increase in the NF-κB expression under hyperglycemia was not sufficient to restore the reduction of endogenous Prx-3 levels owing to its weak binding affinity. Taken together, this study elucidates the previously unknown roles of Sp1/CREB/NF-κB in regulating Prx-3 gene expression under hyperglycemic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silpa Arkat
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sundar Poovitha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Anupama Vijayakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Rohini Dhat
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S.P. Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandhya L Sitasawad
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S.P. Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nitish R Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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11
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Ke D, Zhang Z, Liu J, Chen P, Li J, Sun X, Chu Y, Li L. Ferroptosis, necroptosis and cuproptosis: Novel forms of regulated cell death in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1135723. [PMID: 36970345 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1135723if:] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a common chronic metabolic disease, and its incidence continues to increase year after year. Diabetic patients mainly die from various complications, with the most common being diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the detection rate of diabetic cardiomyopathy is low in clinical practice, and targeted treatment is lacking. Recently, a large number of studies have confirmed that myocardial cell death in diabetic cardiomyopathy involves pyroptosis, apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, cuproptosis, cellular burial, and other processes. Most importantly, numerous animal studies have shown that the onset and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy can be mitigated by inhibiting these regulatory cell death processes, such as by utilizing inhibitors, chelators, or genetic manipulation. Therefore, we review the role of ferroptosis, necroptosis, and cuproptosis, three novel forms of cell death in diabetic cardiomyopathy, searching for possible targets, and analyzing the corresponding therapeutic approaches to these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ke
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- School of First Clinical Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jieting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Peijian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jialing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xinhai Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Luxin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
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12
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Ke D, Zhang Z, Liu J, Chen P, Li J, Sun X, Chu Y, Li L. Ferroptosis, necroptosis and cuproptosis: Novel forms of regulated cell death in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1135723. [PMID: 36970345 PMCID: PMC10036800 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1135723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a common chronic metabolic disease, and its incidence continues to increase year after year. Diabetic patients mainly die from various complications, with the most common being diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the detection rate of diabetic cardiomyopathy is low in clinical practice, and targeted treatment is lacking. Recently, a large number of studies have confirmed that myocardial cell death in diabetic cardiomyopathy involves pyroptosis, apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, cuproptosis, cellular burial, and other processes. Most importantly, numerous animal studies have shown that the onset and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy can be mitigated by inhibiting these regulatory cell death processes, such as by utilizing inhibitors, chelators, or genetic manipulation. Therefore, we review the role of ferroptosis, necroptosis, and cuproptosis, three novel forms of cell death in diabetic cardiomyopathy, searching for possible targets, and analyzing the corresponding therapeutic approaches to these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ke
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- School of First Clinical Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jieting Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Peijian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jialing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xinhai Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Chu
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Correspondence: Yanhui Chu Luxin Li
| | - Luxin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-Fibrosis Biotherapy, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
- Correspondence: Yanhui Chu Luxin Li
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13
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Seksaria S, Mehan S, Dutta BJ, Gupta GD, Ganti SS, Singh A. Oxymatrine and insulin resistance: Focusing on mechanistic intricacies involve in diabetes associated cardiomyopathy via SIRT1/AMPK and TGF-β signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23330. [PMID: 36890713 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy (CDM) and related morbidity and mortality are increasing at an alarming rate, in large part because of the increase in the number of diabetes mellitus cases. The clinical consequence associated with CDM is heart failure (HF) and is considerably worse for patients with diabetes mellitus, as compared to nondiabetics. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by structural and functional malfunctioning of the heart, which includes diastolic dysfunction followed by systolic dysfunction, myocyte hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunctional remodeling, and myocardial fibrosis. Indeed, many reports in the literature indicate that various signaling pathways, such as the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), PI3K/Akt, and TGF-β/smad pathways, are involved in diabetes-related cardiomyopathy, which increases the risk of functional and structural abnormalities of the heart. Therefore, targeting these pathways augments the prevention as well as treatment of patients with DCM. Alternative pharmacotherapy, such as that using natural compounds, has been shown to have promising therapeutic effects. Thus, this article reviews the potential role of the quinazoline alkaloid, oxymatrine obtained from the Sophora flavescensin CDM associated with diabetes mellitus. Numerous studies have given a therapeutic glimpse of the role of oxymatrine in the multiple secondary complications related to diabetes, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, stroke, and cardiovascular complications via reductions in oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation, which might be due to targeting signaling pathways, such as AMPK, SIRT1, PI3K/Akt, and TGF-β pathways. Thus, these pathways are considered central regulators of diabetes and its secondary complications, and targeting these pathways with oxymatrine might provide a therapeutic tool for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes-associated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Seksaria
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Bhaskar J Dutta
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ghanshyam D Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Subrahmanya S Ganti
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Amrita Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Moga, Punjab, India
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14
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Mitochondria Dysfunction at the Heart of Viral Myocarditis: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Implications. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020351. [PMID: 36851568 PMCID: PMC9963085 DOI: 10.3390/v15020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The myocardium/heart is the most mitochondria-rich tissue in the human body with mitochondria comprising approximately 30% of total cardiomyocyte volume. As the resident "powerhouse" of cells, mitochondria help to fuel the high energy demands of a continuously beating myocardium. It is no surprise that mitochondrial dysfunction underscores the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular ailments, including those of viral origin such as virus-induced myocarditis. Enteroviruses have been especially linked to injuries of the myocardium and its sequelae dilated cardiomyopathy for which no effective therapies currently exist. Intriguingly, recent mechanistic insights have demonstrated viral infections to directly damage mitochondria, impair the mitochondrial quality control processes of the cell, such as disrupting mitochondrial antiviral innate immune signaling, and promoting mitochondrial-dependent pathological inflammation of the infected myocardium. In this review, we briefly highlight recent insights on the virus-mitochondria crosstalk and discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting mitochondria to preserve heart function and ultimately combat viral myocarditis.
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15
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Antioxidant Phytochemicals as Potential Therapy for Diabetic Complications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010123. [PMID: 36670985 PMCID: PMC9855127 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes continues to increase partly due to rapid urbanization and an increase in the aging population. Consequently, this is associated with a parallel increase in the prevalence of diabetic vascular complications which significantly worsen the burden of diabetes. For these diabetic vascular complications, there is still an unmet need for safe and effective alternative/adjuvant therapeutic interventions. There is also an increasing urge for therapeutic options to come from natural products such as plants. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is central to the development of diabetes and diabetic complications. Furthermore, oxidative stress-induced inflammation and insulin resistance are central to endothelial damage and the progression of diabetic complications. Human and animal studies have shown that polyphenols could reduce oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and prevent diabetic complications including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Part of the therapeutic effects of polyphenols is attributed to their modulatory effect on endogenous antioxidant systems. This review attempts to summarize the established effects of polyphenols on endogenous antioxidant systems from the literature. Moreover, potential therapeutic strategies for harnessing the potential benefits of polyphenols for diabetic vascular complications are also discussed.
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16
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Liu M, Sun X, Chen B, Dai R, Xi Z, Xu H. Insights into Manganese Superoxide Dismutase and Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415893. [PMID: 36555531 PMCID: PMC9786916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox equilibria and the modulation of redox signalling play crucial roles in physiological processes. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) disrupts the body's antioxidant defence, compromising redox homeostasis and increasing oxidative stress, leading to the development of several diseases. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a principal antioxidant enzyme that protects cells from oxidative damage by converting superoxide anion radicals to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen in mitochondria. Systematic studies have demonstrated that MnSOD plays an indispensable role in multiple diseases. This review focuses on preclinical evidence that describes the mechanisms of MnSOD in diseases accompanied with an imbalanced redox status, including fibrotic diseases, inflammation, diabetes, vascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. The potential therapeutic effects of MnSOD activators and MnSOD mimetics are also discussed. Targeting this specific superoxide anion radical scavenger may be a clinically beneficial strategy, and understanding the therapeutic role of MnSOD may provide a positive insight into preventing and treating related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xueyang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Boya Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rongchen Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhichao Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (H.X.)
| | - Hongxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
- Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (Z.X.); (H.X.)
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17
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Ghosh S, Guglielmi G, Orfanidis I, Spill F, Hickey A, Hanssen E, Rajagopal V. Effects of altered cellular ultrastructure on energy metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy: an in silico study. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210323. [PMID: 36189807 PMCID: PMC9527921 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of heart failure in diabetes. At the cellular level, diabetic cardiomyopathy leads to altered mitochondrial energy metabolism and cardiomyocyte ultrastructure. We combined electron microscopy (EM) and computational modelling to understand the impact of diabetes-induced ultrastructural changes on cardiac bioenergetics. We collected transverse micrographs of multiple control and type I diabetic rat cardiomyocytes using EM. Micrographs were converted to finite-element meshes, and bioenergetics was simulated over them using a biophysical model. The simulations also incorporated depressed mitochondrial capacity for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and creatine kinase (CK) reactions to simulate diabetes-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Analysis of micrographs revealed a 14% decline in mitochondrial area fraction in diabetic cardiomyocytes, and an irregular arrangement of mitochondria and myofibrils. Simulations predicted that this irregular arrangement, coupled with the depressed activity of mitochondrial CK enzymes, leads to large spatial variation in adenosine diphosphate (ADP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio profile of diabetic cardiomyocytes. However, when spatially averaged, myofibrillar ADP/ATP ratios of a cardiomyocyte do not change with diabetes. Instead, average concentration of inorganic phosphate rises by 40% owing to lower mitochondrial area fraction and dysfunction in OXPHOS. These simulations indicate that a disorganized cellular ultrastructure negatively impacts metabolite transport in diabetic cardiomyopathy. This article is part of the theme issue 'The cardiomyocyte: new revelations on the interplay between architecture and function in growth, health, and disease'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouryadipta Ghosh
- CSIRO Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Giovanni Guglielmi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TS, UK
| | - Ioannis Orfanidis
- Health Data Specialists, Grand Canal Docklands, Dublin D02 VK08, Republic of Ireland
| | - Fabian Spill
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TS, UK
| | - Anthony Hickey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ 1042, New Zealand
| | - Eric Hanssen
- Ian Holmes Imaging Center and Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vijay Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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18
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Jia Y, Li D, Yu J, Jiang W, Liao X, Zhao Q. Potential diabetic cardiomyopathy therapies targeting pyroptosis: A mini review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:985020. [PMID: 36061533 PMCID: PMC9433721 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.985020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is primarily considered a pro-inflammatory class of caspase-1- and gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent programmed cell death. Inflammasome activation promotes the maturation and release of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, cleavage of GSDMD, and development of pyroptosis. Recent studies have reported that NLRP3 inflammasome activation-mediated pyroptosis aggravates the formation and development of diabetes cardiomyopathy (DCM). These studies provide theoretical mechanisms for exploring a novel approach to treat DCM-associated cardiac dysfunction. Accordingly, this review aims to summarize studies that investigated possible DCM therapies targeting pyroptosis and elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, and its potential association with the pathogenesis of DCM. This review may serve as a basis for the development of potential pharmacological agents as novel and effective treatments for managing and treating DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jia
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongze Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Disaster Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University West China School of Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Disaster Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University West China School of Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liao
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Zhao,
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19
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Čater M, Bombek LK. Protective Role of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins against Age-Related Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081473. [PMID: 36009191 PMCID: PMC9404801 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of oxidative damage to DNA and other biomolecules plays an important role in the etiology of aging and age-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is especially sensitive to oxidative stress. Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from the accumulation of mtDNA damage impairs normal cellular function and leads to a bioenergetic crisis that accelerates aging and associated diseases. Age-related mitochondrial dysfunction decreases ATP production, which directly affects insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells and triggers the gradual development of the chronic metabolic dysfunction that characterizes T2D. At the same time, decreased glucose oxidation in skeletal muscle due to mitochondrial damage leads to prolonged postprandial blood glucose rise, which further worsens glucose homeostasis. ROS are not only highly reactive by-products of mitochondrial respiration capable of oxidizing DNA, proteins, and lipids but can also function as signaling and effector molecules in cell membranes mediating signal transduction and inflammation. Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) located in the inner mitochondrial membrane of various tissues can be activated by ROS to protect cells from mitochondrial damage. Mitochondrial UCPs facilitate the reflux of protons from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the matrix, thereby dissipating the proton gradient required for oxidative phosphorylation. There are five known isoforms (UCP1-UCP5) of mitochondrial UCPs. UCP1 can indirectly reduce ROS formation by increasing glutathione levels, thermogenesis, and energy expenditure. In contrast, UCP2 and UCP3 regulate fatty acid metabolism and insulin secretion by beta cells and modulate insulin sensitivity. Understanding the functions of UCPs may play a critical role in developing pharmacological strategies to combat T2D. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the protective role of various UCP homologs against age-related oxidative stress in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Čater
- Correspondence: (M.Č.); (L.K.B.); Tel.: +386-2-2345-847 (L.K.B.)
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20
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Najjar RS, Knapp D, Wanders D, Feresin RG. Raspberry and blackberry act in a synergistic manner to improve cardiac redox proteins and reduce NF-κB and SAPK/JNK in mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1784-1796. [PMID: 35487829 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increased cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress are common features in obesity, and toll-like receptor (TLR)4 signaling is a key inflammatory pathway in this deleterious process. This study aimed to investigate whether berries could attenuate the detrimental effects of a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet on the myocardium at the molecular level. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice consumed a low-fat, low-sucrose (LFLS) diet alone or supplemented with 10% blackberry (BL), 10% raspberry (RB) or 10% blackberry + raspberry (BL + RB) for four weeks. Animals were then switched to a HFHS diet for 24 weeks with or without berry supplementation or maintained on a LFLS control diet without berry supplementation. Left ventricles of the heart were isolated for protein and mRNA analysis. Berry consumption, particularly BL + RB reduced NADPH-oxidase (NOX)1 and NOX2 and increased catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)2, expression while BL and RB supplementation alone was less efficacious. Downstream TLR4 signaling was attenuated mostly by both RB and BL + RB supplementation, while NF-κB pathway was attenuated by BL + RB supplementation. Stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) was also attenuated by BL + RB supplementation, and reduced TNF-α transcription and protein expression was observed only with BL + RB supplementation. CONCLUSION The synergistic effects of BL + RB may reduce obesity-induced cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress to a greater extent than BL or RB alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami S Najjar
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Denise Knapp
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Desiree Wanders
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rafaela G Feresin
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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21
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Liao H, Zhang L, Li J, Xing T, Gao F. Acute stress deteriorates breast meat quality of Ross 308 broiler chickens by inducing redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6609915. [PMID: 35713956 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of acute stress on breast meat quality, redox status and mitochondrial function in pectoralis major (PM) muscle of broilers. A total of 168 broiler chickens (42-day-old, Ross 308) were randomly divided into control (CON) and pre-slaughter transport (T) treatments. A broiler was an experimental unit. Each treatment consisted of 84 broilers, and they were put in 12 crates with 7 broilers each. Broilers in the T group were transported according to a designed protocol, and the CON broilers were kept in crates under normal living conditions before slaughtering. Based on the meat quality traits assessed at postmortem 24 h, all PM muscles of the transported broilers were further classified into normal (T-NOR) and pale, soft and exudative (PSE)-like (T-PSE) groups for the determination of redox status in PM muscle and isolated mitochondria, energy metabolites, mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes activities, as well as mitochondrial function-modulating genes expression. Compared with CON, the extent of lipid peroxidation as well as protein oxidation were significantly increased in both PM muscles and mitochondria in T-PSE (P < 0.05), whereas not in T-NOR. Higher activities of glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase were observed in PM muscle of T-NOR broilers as compared with CON (P < 0.05). Pre-slaughter transport increased the generation of reactive oxygen species, as well as enhanced antioxidant capacity in PM mitochondria of broilers (P < 0.05). Compared with CON, the ATP content, activities of complex I and III, as well as relative mitochondrial membrane potential and swelling were significantly decreased in T-PSE (P < 0.05), whereas no significant changes in either ATP content or complex I activity were observed in T-NOR. Pre-slaughter transport enhanced the mRNA expression of regulators involved in the glutathione system, thioredoxin 2 system and mitochondrial biosynthesis in PM muscle of broilers (P < 0.05). Moreover, we noticed a more evident enhancement effect in T-NOR than in T-PSE (P < 0.05). Overall, this work indicates that acute stress-induced redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction have significant implications for the development of PSE-like meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongju Liao
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Animal Origin Food Production and Safety Guarantee of Jiangsu Province; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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22
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Cardiac NF-κB Acetylation Increases While Nrf2-Related Gene Expression and Mitochondrial Activity Are Impaired during the Progression of Diabetes in UCD-T2DM Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050927. [PMID: 35624791 PMCID: PMC9137621 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of type II diabetes increases the heart’s susceptibility to oxidative damage because of the associated inflammation and diminished antioxidant response. Transcription factor NF-κB initiates inflammation while Nrf2 controls antioxidant defense. Current evidence suggests crosstalk between these transcription factors that may become dysregulated during type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) manifestation. The objective of this study was to examine the dynamic changes that occur in both transcription factors and target genes during the progression of T2DM in the heart. Novel UC Davis T2DM (UCD-T2DM) rats at the following states were utilized: (1) lean, control Sprague-Dawley (SD; n = 7), (2) insulin-resistant pre-diabetic UCD-T2DM (Pre; n = 9), (3) 2-week recently diabetic UCD-T2DM (2Wk; n = 9), (4) 3-month diabetic UCD-T2DM (3Mo; n = 14), and (5) 6-month diabetic UCD-T2DM (6Mo; n = 9). NF-κB acetylation increased 2-fold in 3Mo and 6Mo diabetic animals compared to SD and Pre animals. Nox4 protein increased 4-fold by 6Mo compared to SD. Nrf2 translocation increased 82% in Pre compared to SD but fell 47% in 6Mo animals. GCLM protein fell 35% in 6Mo animals compared to Pre. Hmox1 mRNA decreased 45% in 6Mo animals compared to SD. These data suggest that during the progression of T2DM, NF-κB related genes increase while Nrf2 genes are suppressed or unchanged, perpetuating inflammation and a lesser ability to handle an oxidant burden altering the heart’s redox state. Collectively, these changes likely contribute to the diabetes-associated cardiovascular complications.
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23
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Boteanu RM, Suica VI, Uyy E, Ivan L, Cerveanu-Hogas A, Mares RG, Simionescu M, Schiopu A, Antohe F. Short-Term Blockade of Pro-Inflammatory Alarmin S100A9 Favorably Modulates Left Ventricle Proteome and Related Signaling Pathways Involved in Post-Myocardial Infarction Recovery. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095289. [PMID: 35563680 PMCID: PMC9103348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prognosis after myocardial infarction (MI) varies greatly depending on the extent of damaged area and the management of biological processes during recovery. Reportedly, the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory S100A9 reduces myocardial damage after MI. We hypothesize that a S100A9 blockade induces changes of major signaling pathways implicated in post-MI healing. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics and gene analyses of infarcted mice left ventricle were performed. The S100A9 blocker (ABR-23890) was given for 3 days after coronary ligation. At 3 and 7 days post-MI, ventricle samples were analyzed versus control and Sham-operated mice. Blockade of S100A9 modulated the expressed proteins involved in five biological processes: leukocyte cell–cell adhesion, regulation of the muscle cell apoptotic process, regulation of the intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, sarcomere organization and cardiac muscle hypertrophy. The blocker induced regulation of 36 proteins interacting with or targeted by the cellular tumor antigen p53, prevented myocardial compensatory hypertrophy, and reduced cardiac markers of post-ischemic stress. The blockade effect was prominent at day 7 post-MI when the quantitative features of the ventricle proteome were closer to controls. Blockade of S100A9 restores key biological processes altered post-MI. These processes could be valuable new pharmacological targets for the treatment of ischemic heart. Mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033683.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Maria Boteanu
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.B.); (V.-I.S.); (E.U.); (L.I.); (A.C.-H.); (M.S.)
| | - Viorel-Iulian Suica
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.B.); (V.-I.S.); (E.U.); (L.I.); (A.C.-H.); (M.S.)
| | - Elena Uyy
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.B.); (V.-I.S.); (E.U.); (L.I.); (A.C.-H.); (M.S.)
| | - Luminita Ivan
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.B.); (V.-I.S.); (E.U.); (L.I.); (A.C.-H.); (M.S.)
| | - Aurel Cerveanu-Hogas
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.B.); (V.-I.S.); (E.U.); (L.I.); (A.C.-H.); (M.S.)
| | - Razvan Gheorghita Mares
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (R.G.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Maya Simionescu
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.B.); (V.-I.S.); (E.U.); (L.I.); (A.C.-H.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexandru Schiopu
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (R.G.M.); (A.S.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 21428 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Felicia Antohe
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “N. Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, 050568 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.B.); (V.-I.S.); (E.U.); (L.I.); (A.C.-H.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-213-192-737
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24
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040784. [PMID: 35453469 PMCID: PMC9030255 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a redox disease. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation induce a switch of metabolic homeostatic set points, leading to glucose intolerance. Several diabetes-specific mechanisms contribute to prominent oxidative distress in the heart, resulting in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial overproduction of reactive oxygen species in diabetic subjects is not only caused by intracellular hyperglycemia in the microvasculature but is also the result of increased fatty oxidation and lipotoxicity in cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial overproduction of superoxide anion radicals induces, via inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, an increased polyol pathway flux, increased formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) and activation of the receptor for AGE (RAGE), activation of protein kinase C isoforms, and an increased hexosamine pathway flux. These pathways not only directly contribute to diabetic cardiomyopathy but are themselves a source of additional reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative distress lead to cell dysfunction and cellular injury not only via protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and oxidative changes in microRNAs but also via activation of stress-sensitive pathways and redox regulation. Investigations in animal models of diabetic cardiomyopathy have consistently demonstrated that increased expression of the primary antioxidant enzymes attenuates myocardial pathology and improves cardiac function.
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25
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Zhang C, Zhang B, Zhang X, Wang M, Sun X, Sun G. Panax notoginseng Saponin Protects Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through Lipid Metabolism Modulation. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e023540. [PMID: 35112884 PMCID: PMC9245810 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background People with diabetes are more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases. Lipotoxicity plays a key role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) has been used to treat diabetes and obesity. However, the role of PNS in diabetic cardiomyopathy remains unclear. Methods and Results Diabetic db/db mice received high‐dose (200 mg/kg per day) or medium‐dose (100 mg/kg per day) PNS by gavage for 12 weeks until week 36. Lipid accumulation and cardiac function in diabetic mice were detected and possible mechanisms involved were explored. PNS significantly improved body weight, body fat content, serum lipids, adipocytokines, and antioxidative function in db/db mice. Lipid accumulation in adipose tissue, liver, and heart were also alleviated by PNS treatment. Cardiac function and mitochondrial structure were also improved by PNS. H9c2 cells were treated with palmitate acid, and PNS pretreatment reduced lipid accumulation, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, as well as improved mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate. Levels of proteins and expression of genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidative function, and mitochondrial dynamics were also improved by PNS administration. Conclusions PNS attenuated heart dysfunction in diabetic mice by reducing lipotoxicity as well as modulating oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal MedicineMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic DisordersState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of PharmacovigilanceBeijingChina
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health ProductsBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Bin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal MedicineMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic DisordersState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of PharmacovigilanceBeijingChina
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health ProductsBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal MedicineMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic DisordersState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of PharmacovigilanceBeijingChina
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health ProductsBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal MedicineMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic DisordersState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of PharmacovigilanceBeijingChina
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health ProductsBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal MedicineMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic DisordersState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of PharmacovigilanceBeijingChina
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health ProductsBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal MedicineMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic DisordersState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of PharmacovigilanceBeijingChina
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health ProductsBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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26
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Kumar CU, Reddy SS, Suryanarayana P, Patil MA, Chary PM, Kumar PU, Reddy GB. Protective effect of cinnamon on diabetic cardiomyopathy in nicotinamide-streptozotocin induced diabetic rat model. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:141-150. [PMID: 35673461 PMCID: PMC9167317 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00948-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
There is an increase in the incidence and prevalence of type-2 diabetes and obesity which leads to the structural and functional changes in myocardium leading to a lethal complication called diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). In the present study, we investigated the preventive effect of cinnamon (3% of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark powder in AIN-93 diet for 3 months) feeding on DCM and the concerned mechanisms in a rodent model. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg b.w streptozotocin (STZ), 15 min after the ip administration of 60 mg/kg b.w of nicotinamide (NA) in Wistar-NIN (WNIN) male rats. The oxidative stress parameters were investigated by assessing superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) enzyme activity, protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The histopathology of myocardium was analyzed by H&E and Masson's trichrome staining, and scanning electron microscopy. The changes in diabetic rat heart involved the altered left ventricular parietal pericardium, structural changes in myocardial cells, enhanced oxidative stress. Masson's trichrome and H&E staining have shown increased fibrosis, and perinuclear vacuolization in NA-STZ induced diabetic rat myocardium. Cinnamon feeding prevented the oxidative stress and myocardial alterations in the heart of diabetic rats. Taken together, these results suggest that cinnamon can effectively prevent the metabolic and structural changes in NA-STZ induced diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chekkilla Uday Kumar
- grid.419610.b0000 0004 0496 9898Biochemistry Division, ICMR- National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500 007 India
| | - Singareddy Sreenivasa Reddy
- grid.419610.b0000 0004 0496 9898Biochemistry Division, ICMR- National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500 007 India
| | - Palla Suryanarayana
- grid.419610.b0000 0004 0496 9898Clinical Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Madhoosudan A. Patil
- grid.419610.b0000 0004 0496 9898Biochemistry Division, ICMR- National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500 007 India
| | - Periketi Madhusudana Chary
- grid.419610.b0000 0004 0496 9898Biochemistry Division, ICMR- National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500 007 India
| | - Putcha Uday Kumar
- grid.419610.b0000 0004 0496 9898Pathology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Geereddy Bhanuprakash Reddy
- grid.419610.b0000 0004 0496 9898Biochemistry Division, ICMR- National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, 500 007 India
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27
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Jaquenod De Giusti C, Palomeque J, Mattiazzi A. Ca 2+ mishandling and mitochondrial dysfunction: a converging road to prediabetic and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pflugers Arch 2022; 474:33-61. [PMID: 34978597 PMCID: PMC8721633 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as the myocardial dysfunction that suffers patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the absence of hypertension and structural heart diseases such as valvular or coronary artery dysfunctions. Since the impact of DM on cardiac function is rather silent and slow, early stages of diabetic cardiomyopathy, known as prediabetes, are poorly recognized, and, on many occasions, cardiac illness is diagnosed only after a severe degree of dysfunction was reached. Therefore, exploration and recognition of the initial pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to cardiac dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy are of vital importance for an on-time diagnosis and treatment of the malady. Among the complex and intricate mechanisms involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy, Ca2+ mishandling and mitochondrial dysfunction have been described as pivotal early processes. In the present review, we will focus on these two processes and the molecular pathway that relates these two alterations to the earlier stages and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Jaquenod De Giusti
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Cs. Médicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Julieta Palomeque
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Cs. Médicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alicia Mattiazzi
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Cs. Médicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina.
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28
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Farahmand F, Malik A, Sharma A, Bagchi AK, Singal PK. Role of oxidative stress versus lipids in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15090. [PMID: 34816616 PMCID: PMC8611258 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a global health issue with a prevalence of 10% in ages >65 years. Right heart failure (RHF) is the main cause of death in PH. We have previously shown that monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH and RHF are due to an increase in oxidative stress. In this study, probucol (PROB), a strong antioxidant with a lipid-lowering property, versus lovastatin (LOV), a strong lipid-lowering drug with some antioxidant effects, were evaluated for their effects on the MCT-induced RHF. Rats were treated (I.P.) with PROB (10 mg/kg ×12) or LOV (4 mg/kg ×12), daily 6 days before and 6 days after a single MCT injection (60 mg/kg). Serial echocardiography was performed and at 4-week post-MCT, lung wet-to-dry weight, hemodynamics, RV glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, lipid peroxidation, and myocardial as well as plasma lipids were examined. MCT increased RV systolic and diastolic pressures, wall thickness, RV end diastolic diameter, mortality, and decreased ejection fraction as well as pulmonary artery acceleration time. These changes were mitigated by PROB while LOV had no effect. Furthermore, PROB prevented lipid peroxidation, lowered lipids, and increased GSHPx and SOD in RV myocardium. LOV did decrease the lipids but had no effect on antioxidants and lipid peroxidation. A reduction in oxidative stress and not the lipid-lowering effect of PROB may explain the prevention of MCT-induced PH, RHF, and mortality. Thus targeting of oxidative stress as an adjuvant therapy is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akshi Malik
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreDepartment of Physiology and PathophysiologyRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Anita Sharma
- Research and Graduate StudiesThompson Rivers UniversityKamloopsCanada
| | - Ashim K. Bagchi
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreDepartment of Physiology and PathophysiologyRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Pawan K. Singal
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreDepartment of Physiology and PathophysiologyRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
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29
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Alaeddine LM, Harb F, Hamza M, Dia B, Mogharbil N, Azar NS, Noureldein MH, El Khoury M, Sabra R, Eid AA. Pharmacological regulation of cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid attenuates cardiac injury in diabetic rats. Transl Res 2021; 235:85-101. [PMID: 33746109 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a well-established complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. DCM is diagnosed at advanced and irreversible stages. Therefore, it is of utmost need to identify novel mechanistic pathways involved at early stages to prevent or reverse the development of DCM. In vivo experiments were performed on type 1 diabetic rats (T1DM). Functional and structural studies of the heart were executed and correlated with mechanistic assessments exploring the role of cytochromes P450 metabolites, the 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (20-HETEs) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and their crosstalk with other homeostatic signaling molecules. Our data displays that hyperglycemia results in CYP4A upregulation and CYP2C11 downregulation in the left ventricles (LV) of T1DM rats, paralleled by a differential alteration in their metabolites 20-HETEs (increased) and EETs (decreased). These changes are concomitant with reductions in cardiac outputs, LV hypertrophy, fibrosis, and increased activation of cardiac fetal and hypertrophic genes. Besides, pro-fibrotic cytokine TGF-ß overexpression and NADPH (Nox4) dependent-ROS overproduction are also correlated with the observed cardiac functional and structural modifications. Of interest, these observations are attenuated when T1DM rats are treated with 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido) dodecanoic acid (AUDA), which blocks EETs metabolism, or N-hydroxy-N'-(4-butyl-2-methylphenol)Formamidine (HET0016), which inhibits 20-HETEs formation. Taken together, our findings confer pioneering evidence about a potential interplay between CYP450-derived metabolites and Nox4/TGF-β axis leading to DCM. Pharmacologic interventions targeting the inhibition of 20-HETEs synthesis or the activation of EETs synthesis may offer novel therapeutic approaches to treat DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Alaeddine
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frederic Harb
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Maysaa Hamza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Batoul Dia
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nahed Mogharbil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadim S Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed H Noureldein
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirella El Khoury
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ramzi Sabra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Nasr P, Ignatova S, Lundberg P, Kechagias S, Ekstedt M. Low hepatic manganese concentrations in patients with hepatic steatosis - A cohort study of copper, iron and manganese in liver biopsies. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 67:126772. [PMID: 34000573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatic steatosis is the most common histopathological finding on liver biopsy, with the most prevalent etiology being NAFLD. The pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and NAFLD is multifactorial, however, studies on the importance of manganese in NAFLD are limited. We aimed to study hepatic manganese content, and other trace elements, in relation to hepatic steatosis in patients with chronic liver diseases of different etiology, mainly NAFLD. METHODS Patients with chronically elevated liver function tests underwent a diagnostic work-up, including routine blood tests and two liver biopsies. One of the biopsies was sent for histopathological evaluation, and the other for ultra-trace elemental determinations. Steatosis was graded using conventional histopathological methodology, and fat content was also quantitated in biopsy samples by measuring the steatotic area of the section using stereological point counting (SPC). Ultra-trace elemental analysis was utilized for determining manganese, iron, and copper using inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS). RESULTS 76 patients were included in the study. Hepatic manganese concentrations in patients with steatosis were lower than in patients without hepatic steatosis (3.8 ± 1.1 vs. 6.4 ± 1.8, P < 0.001). Similar results were seen for blood manganese levels and hepatic steatosis. We found a strong inverse correlation between steatosis grade and hepatic manganese content (ρ=-0.743, P < 0.001). Also, low levels of manganese independently predicted the presence of steatosis (aOR 0.07 [95%CI: 0.01-0.63]). CONCLUSION Patients with NAFLD, or other CLD and concomitant hepatic steatosis, showed lower levels of hepatic manganese content with increasing grade of steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Nasr
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Simone Ignatova
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Clinical Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Peter Lundberg
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Radiation Physics, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Stergios Kechagias
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Mattias Ekstedt
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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31
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Xiong Y, He YL, Li XM, Nie F, Zhou XK. Endogenous asymmetric dimethylarginine accumulation precipitates the cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunctions in type 1 diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 902:174081. [PMID: 33901463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial mitochondrial function and biogenesis are suppressed in diabetes, but the mechanisms are unclear. Increasing evidence suggests that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is associated with diabetic cardiovascular complications. This study was to determine whether endogenous ADMA accumulation contributes to cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunctions of diabetic rats and elucidate the potential mechanisms. Diabetic rat was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). N-acetylcysteine was given (250 mg/kg/d) by gavage for 12w. Cardiac function was detected by echocardiography. Left ventricle papillary muscles were isolated to examine myocardial contractility. Myocardial ATP and mitochondrial DNA contents were measured to evaluate mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Endogenous ADMA accumulation was augmented resulting in decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and increased oxidative stress, suggesting NO synthase (NOS) uncoupling in the myocardium of T1DM rats compared with control rats. ADMA augmentation was associated with cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunctions along with myocardial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) upregulation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) downregulation in T1DM rats. Exogenous ADMA could directly inhibit myocardial contractility, mitochondrial function and biogenesis in parallel with decreasing NO content and PGC-1α expression while increasing oxidative stress and UCP2 expression in papillary muscles and cardiomyocytes. Treatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, also an inhibitor of NOS uncoupling, either ameliorated ADMA-associated cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunctions or reversed ADMA-induced NO reduction and oxidative stress enhance in vivo and in vitro. These results indicate that myocardial ADMA accumulation precipitates cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunctions in T1DM rats. The underlying mechanism may be related to NOS uncoupling, resulting in NO reduction and oxidative stress increment, ultimate PGC-1α down-regulation and UCP2 up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong; PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Snake Venom Research, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong; PR China.
| | - Yu-Lian He
- Guangzhou Institute of Snake Venom Research, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong; PR China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong; PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Snake Venom Research, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong; PR China
| | - Fan Nie
- Guangzhou Institute of Snake Venom Research, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong; PR China
| | - Xin-Ke Zhou
- Innovation Centre for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong; PR China.
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Federico M, De la Fuente S, Palomeque J, Sheu SS. The role of mitochondria in metabolic disease: a special emphasis on heart dysfunction. J Physiol 2021; 599:3477-3493. [PMID: 33932959 PMCID: PMC8424986 DOI: 10.1113/jp279376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases (MetDs) embrace a series of pathologies characterized by abnormal body glucose usage. The known diseases included in this group are metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2. All of them are chronic pathologies that present metabolic disturbances and are classified as multi-organ diseases. Cardiomyopathy has been extensively described in diabetic patients without overt macrovascular complications. The heart is severely damaged during the progression of the disease; in fact, diabetic cardiomyopathies are the main cause of death in MetDs. Insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia and increased free fatty acid metabolism promote cardiac damage through mitochondria. These organelles supply most of the energy that the heart needs to beat and to control essential cellular functions, including Ca2+ signalling modulation, reactive oxygen species production and apoptotic cell death regulation. Several aspects of common mitochondrial functions have been described as being altered in diabetic cardiomyopathies, including impaired energy metabolism, compromised mitochondrial dynamics, deficiencies in Ca2+ handling, increases in reactive oxygen species production, and a higher probability of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Therefore, the mitochondrial role in MetD-mediated heart dysfunction has been studied extensively to identify potential therapeutic targets for improving cardiac performance. Herein we review the cardiac pathology in metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and diabetes mellitus, focusing on the role of mitochondrial dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilen Federico
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Cs. Medicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sergio De la Fuente
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Julieta Palomeque
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Facultad de Cs. Medicas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, CABA, Argentina
| | - Shey-Shing Sheu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
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Pariano M, Pieroni S, De Luca A, Iannitti RG, Borghi M, Puccetti M, Giovagnoli S, Renga G, D’Onofrio F, Bellet MM, Stincardini C, Della-Fazia MA, Servillo G, van de Veerdonk FL, Costantini C, Romani L. Anakinra Activates Superoxide Dismutase 2 to Mitigate Inflammasome Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126531. [PMID: 34207085 PMCID: PMC8234597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are powerful cytosolic sensors of environmental stressors and are critical for triggering interleukin-1 (IL-1)-mediated inflammatory responses. However, dysregulation of inflammasome activation may lead to pathological conditions, and the identification of negative regulators for therapeutic purposes is increasingly being recognized. Anakinra, the recombinant form of the IL-1 receptor antagonist, proved effective by preventing the binding of IL-1 to its receptor, IL-1R1, thus restoring autophagy and dampening NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) activity. As the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxidative species (ROS) is a critical upstream event in the activation of NLRP3, we investigated whether anakinra would regulate mitochondrial ROS production. By profiling the activation of transcription factors induced in murine alveolar macrophages, we found a mitochondrial antioxidative pathway induced by anakinra involving the manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) or SOD2. Molecularly, anakinra promotes the binding of SOD2 with the deubiquitinase Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 36 (USP36) and Constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome, thus increasing SOD2 protein longevity. Functionally, anakinra and SOD2 protects mice from pulmonary oxidative inflammation and infection. On a preclinical level, anakinra upregulates SOD2 in murine models of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and cystic fibrosis (CF). These data suggest that protection from mitochondrial oxidative stress may represent an additional mechanism underlying the clinical benefit of anakinra and identifies SOD2 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Pariano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.); (A.D.L.); (R.G.I.); (M.B.); (G.R.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (M.A.D.-F.); (G.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Stefania Pieroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.); (A.D.L.); (R.G.I.); (M.B.); (G.R.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (M.A.D.-F.); (G.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Antonella De Luca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.); (A.D.L.); (R.G.I.); (M.B.); (G.R.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (M.A.D.-F.); (G.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Rossana G. Iannitti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.); (A.D.L.); (R.G.I.); (M.B.); (G.R.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (M.A.D.-F.); (G.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Monica Borghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.); (A.D.L.); (R.G.I.); (M.B.); (G.R.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (M.A.D.-F.); (G.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Matteo Puccetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.G.)
| | - Giorgia Renga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.); (A.D.L.); (R.G.I.); (M.B.); (G.R.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (M.A.D.-F.); (G.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Fiorella D’Onofrio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.); (A.D.L.); (R.G.I.); (M.B.); (G.R.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (M.A.D.-F.); (G.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Marina M. Bellet
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.); (A.D.L.); (R.G.I.); (M.B.); (G.R.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (M.A.D.-F.); (G.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Claudia Stincardini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.); (A.D.L.); (R.G.I.); (M.B.); (G.R.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (M.A.D.-F.); (G.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Agnese Della-Fazia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.); (A.D.L.); (R.G.I.); (M.B.); (G.R.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (M.A.D.-F.); (G.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Servillo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.); (A.D.L.); (R.G.I.); (M.B.); (G.R.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (M.A.D.-F.); (G.S.); (C.C.)
| | | | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.); (A.D.L.); (R.G.I.); (M.B.); (G.R.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (M.A.D.-F.); (G.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (S.P.); (A.D.L.); (R.G.I.); (M.B.); (G.R.); (F.D.); (M.M.B.); (C.S.); (M.A.D.-F.); (G.S.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Fei Z, Gao W, Xu X, Sheng H, Qu S, Cui R. Serum superoxide dismutase activity: a sensitive, convenient, and economical indicator associated with the prevalence of chronic type 2 diabetic complications, especially in men. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:275-281. [PMID: 34082660 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1937146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the presence of chronic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study in patients with T2DM. They were assigned to three groups (Q1, Q2, and Q3) by SOD levels in both sexes. Clinical characteristics, cardiovascular disease, diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy were compared. The relationship between the SOD and the prevalence of chronic complications was analyzed by binary logistic regression. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). A total of 645 T2DM patients (401 men and 244 women) with complete data for SOD and medical records of complications were included. In men, patients in the Q1 group (lowest serum SOD activity) had the highest prevalence of diabetes with atherosclerosis (AS) (p<.001), DN (p=.029), and DPN (p=.001). In comparison, only DN was found to have the highest prevalence in the Q1 group in women (p=.010). In the multivariate analysis, patients in the Q1 group had a 3.0-, 1.6-, 1.9-, and 2.4-fold risk for the prevalence of AS, DR, DN, and DPN, respectively, compared with the Q3 group. In women, a 7.0-fold risk for the prevalence of DN in the Q1 group was found compared with the Q3 group. After adjusting for the age, duration of T2DM, body mass index, pulse pressure, alanine transaminase, clearance of creatinine, triglyceride, glycosylated hemoglobin, and fasting C-peptide in the models, the differences found in both men and women persisted. SOD activity is related to cardiovascular and microvascular diseases in men and the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in women in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Fei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxue Gao
- Medical Services Section, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Sheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Byrne NJ, Rajasekaran NS, Abel ED, Bugger H. Therapeutic potential of targeting oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:317-342. [PMID: 33910093 PMCID: PMC8285002 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Even in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) may increase the risk for heart failure development. This risk evolves from functional and structural alterations induced by diabetes in the heart, a cardiac entity termed diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM). Oxidative stress, defined as the imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been increasingly proposed to contribute to the development of DbCM. There are several sources of ROS production including the mitochondria, NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase. Overproduction of ROS in DbCM is thought to be counterbalanced by elevated antioxidant defense enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase. Excess ROS in the cardiomyocyte results in further ROS production, mitochondrial DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, post-translational modifications of proteins and ultimately cell death and cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, ROS modulates transcription factors responsible for expression of antioxidant enzymes. Lastly, evidence exists that several pharmacological agents may convey cardiovascular benefit by antioxidant mechanisms. As such, increasing our understanding of the pathways that lead to increased ROS production and impaired antioxidant defense may enable the development of therapeutic strategies against the progression of DbCM. Herein, we review the current knowledge about causes and consequences of ROS in DbCM, as well as the therapeutic potential and strategies of targeting oxidative stress in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikole J Byrne
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Namakkal S Rajasekaran
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Yao R, Cao Y, Jiang R, Zhang X, Li F, Wang S. Pharmacokinetic characteristics of hydroxysafflor yellow A in normal and diabetic cardiomyopathy mice. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5173. [PMID: 33982286 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a major active water-soluble component in Carthamus tinctorius L., is considered a potential antioxidant with protective effects against myocardial injury. However, its pharmacokinetic characteristics in normal and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) mice remain unknown. This study was designed to investigate the differences in the pharmacokinetics of HSYA between normal and streptozotocin-induced DCM mice. HSYA in the mouse plasma was quantified using LC-MS/MS. Compared with the normal group, the DCM group showed a significantly higher area under the curve (AUC(0-t) , AUC(0-∞) ) value and peak plasma concentration, suggesting a higher uptake of HSYA in the DCM mice, and a significantly lower plasma clearance and apparent volume of distribution, suggesting slower elimination of HSYA in the DCM mice. The levels of serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly higher, and malondialdehyde content was significantly lower in DCM mice than in normal mice, indicating the antioxidative stress effect of HSYA. Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that the serum HSYA content in the DCM mice significantly positively correlated with antioxidant enzyme levels. These results showed that the pharmacokinetics of HSYA changed significantly in the DCM mice, and this may improve the antioxidative stress effect of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruibin Jiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Wan H, Zhao S, Zeng Q, Tan Y, Zhang C, Liu L, Qu S. CircRNAs in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 517:127-132. [PMID: 33711326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is an important irreversible chronic cardiovascular complication in diabetic patients. This condition is described as early diastolic dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, systolic dysfunction and other complex pathophysiological events, which ultimately lead to heart failure. Despite these characteristics, the underlying mechanisms resulting in diabetic cardiomyopathy are still unknown. With the developments in molecular biotechnology, increasing evidence shows that circRNAs play critical roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent studies on the role of circRNAs in the pathophysiological process to provide novel prevention and treatment strategies for diabetic cardiomyopathy, oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis and cell death in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengquan Wan
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Simin Zhao
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Yao Tan
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China; Clinic Department, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Shunlin Qu
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China.
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Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in physiology and disease. Cell Calcium 2021; 94:102344. [PMID: 33556741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) are routinely produced at several sites within the organelle. The balance in their formation and elimination is maintained by a complex and robust antioxidant system. mROS may act as second messengers and regulate a number of physiological processes, such as insulin signaling, cell differentiation and proliferation, wound healing, etc. Nevertheless, when a sudden or sustained increase in ROS formation is not efficiently neutralized by the endogenous antioxidant defense system, the detrimental impact of high mROS levels on cell function and viability eventually results in disease development. In this review, we will focus on the dual role of mROS in pathophysiology, emphasizing the physiological role exerted by a regulated mROS production/elimination, and discussing the detrimental effects evoked by an imbalance in mitochondrial redox state. Furthermore, we will touch upon the interplay between mROS and Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Rukavina-Mikusic IA, Rey M, Martinefski M, Tripodi V, Valdez LB. Temporal evolution of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in a type 1 diabetes model. Mitochondrial complex I impairment, and H 2O 2 and NO productions as early subcellular events. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:129-140. [PMID: 33278511 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the early events that occur in heart mitochondria and to analyse the temporal evolution of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in a type 1 diabetes model. Male Wistar rats were injected with Streptozotocin (STZ, single dose, 60 mg × kg-1, i.p.) and hyperglycemic state was confirmed 72 h later. The animals were sacrificed 10 or 14 days after STZ-injection. Heart mitochondrial state 3 O2 consumption sustained by malate-glutamate (21%) or by succinate (16%), and complexes I-III (27%), II-III (24%) and IV (22%) activities were lower in STZ group, when animals were sacrificed at day 14, i.e. ~11 days of hyperglycemia. In contrast, after 10 days of STZ-injection (~7 days of hyperglycemia), only the state 3 O2 consumption sustained by malate-glutamate (23%) and its corresponding respiratory control (30%) were lower in diabetic rats, in accordance with complex I-III activity reduction (17%). Therefore, this time (~7 days of hyperglycemia) has been considered as an "early stage" of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. At this point, mitochondrial production rates of H2O2 (117%), NO (30%) and ONOO- (~225%), and mtNOS expression (29%) were higher; and mitochondrial SOD activity (15%) and [GSH + GSSG] (28%) were lower in diabetic rats. Linear correlations between the modified mitochondrial parameters and glycemias were observed. PGC-1α expression was similar between groups, suggesting that mitochondrial biogenesis was not triggered in this initial phase of mitochondrial dysfunction. Consequently, complex I, H2O2 and NO could be considered early subcellular signals of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, with NO and H2O2 being located upstream de novo synthesis of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana A Rukavina-Mikusic
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Micaela Rey
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuela Martinefski
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Tripodi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura B Valdez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Kobayashi S, Zhao F, Zhang Z, Kobayashi T, Huang Y, Shi B, Wu W, Liang Q. Mitochondrial Fission and Mitophagy Coordinately Restrict High Glucose Toxicity in Cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2020; 11:604069. [PMID: 33362579 PMCID: PMC7758327 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.604069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Injured mitochondrial segments are separated by mitochondrial fission and eliminated by autophagic sequestration and subsequent degradation in the lysosome, a process termed mitophagy. However, it remains poorly understood how high glucose affects the activities of, and the relationship between, mitochondrial fission and mitophagy in cardiomyocytes. In this study, we determined the functional roles of mitochondrial fission and mitophagy in hyperglycemia-induced cardiomyocyte injury. High glucose (30 mM, HG) reduced mitochondrial connectivity and particle size and increased mitochondrial number in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes, suggesting an enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation. SiRNA knockdown of the pro-fission factor dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) restored mitochondrial size but did not affect HG toxicity, and Mdivi-1, a DRP1 inhibitor, even increased HG-induced cardiomyocyte injury, as shown by superoxide production, mitochondrial membrane potential and cell death. However, DRP1 overexpression triggered mitochondrial fragmentation and mitigated HG-induced cardiomyocyte injury, suggesting that the increased mitochondrial fission is beneficial, rather than detrimental, to cardiomyocytes cultured under HG conditions. This is in contrast to the prevailing hypothesis that mitochondrial fragmentation mediates or contributes to HG cardiotoxicity. Meanwhile, HG reduced mitophagy flux as determined by the difference in the levels of mitochondria-associated LC3-II or the numbers of mitophagy foci indicated by the novel dual fluorescent reporter mt-Rosella in the absence and presence of the lysosomal inhibitors. The ability of HG to induce mitochondrial fragmentation and inhibit mitophagy was reproduced in adult mouse cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of Parkin, a positive regulator of mitophagy, or treatment with CCCP, a mitochondrial uncoupler, induced mitophagy and attenuated HG-induced cardiomyocyte death, while Parkin knockdown had opposite effects, suggesting an essential role of mitophagy in cardiomyocyte survival under HG conditions. Strikingly, Parkin overexpression increased mitochondrial fragmentation, while DRP1 overexpression accelerated mitophagy flux, demonstrating a reciprocal activation loop that controls mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. Thus, strategies that promote the mutual positive interaction between mitochondrial fission and mitophagy while simultaneously maintain their levels within the physiological range would be expected to improve mitochondrial health, alleviating hyperglycemic cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Fengyi Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ziying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tamayo Kobayashi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiangrong Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States
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Nasrolahi A, Hosseini L, Farokhi-Sisakht F, Mahmoudi J, Karimi P, Badalzadeh R, Erfani M. Cardioprotective effect of Rosa canina L. methanolic extract on heat shock induced cardiomyocyte injury: An experimental study. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2020; 12:286-293. [PMID: 33510877 PMCID: PMC7828751 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.2020.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Overexposure to heat conditions can affect the functioning of the cardiovascular system and may promote cardiovascular disorders. Heat shock induced myocardial injury via increasing endoplasmic reticulum response-mediated apoptosis. This study investigated the impact of pretreatment with Rosa canina (RC), a natural antioxidant, on myocardial damage induced by heat stress exposure and underlying mechanisms in cardiomyocytes in rats. Methods: Sixty adult male Wistar rats were allocated into five groups, including Control: received normal saline (NS), Heat Stress (HS), and HS+RC groups. Animals in the HS groups were subjected to heat stress (43 ºC) for 15 minutes once a day for two weeks. Animals in the HS+RC groups received three doses of RC (250, 500, and 1000 mg/mL) one hour before being subjected to heat shock. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane kinases, including PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), immunoreactivity of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha (eIF2α) as well as caspase 8 were detected by Western blot. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed. Moreover, histopathological changes and apoptosis were also assayed in the heart tissue by using histopathological and TUNEL assays. Results: Heat exposure increased the level of ROS and induced oxidative damage in the heart tissue. The results demonstrated that RC administration decreased the overproduction of ROS induced by heat stress in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, heat stress up regulated the expression of p-PERK, p-eIF2α,and CHOP protein while pretreatment with RC decreased expression of ER stress-related markers in cardiomyocytes. Besides, RC diminished heat stress-induced cellular damage and apoptosis associated with inhibition of caspase 8 activation, a pro-apoptotic protein in cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: These findings indicate that RC exerts a protective effect on heart tissue, at least in part,through inactivation of PERK/eIF2α/CHOP pathway or inhibition of ER stress and oxidative stress triggeredapoptosis in cardiomyocytes induced by heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Nasrolahi
- Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Pain Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Hosseini
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marjan Erfani
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Higher Education Institute of Rabe-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
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Sohrabi C, Saberwal B, Lim WY, Tousoulis D, Ahsan S, Papageorgiou N. Heart Failure in Diabetes Mellitus: An Updated Review. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:5933-5952. [PMID: 33213313 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201118091659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and heart failure (HF) are comorbid conditions associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the availability of novel and effective therapeutic options and intensive glycaemic control strategies, mortality and hospitalisation rates continue to remain high and the incidence of HF persists. In this review, we described the impact of currently available glucose-lowering therapies in DM with a focus on HF clinical outcomes. Non-conventional modes of management and alternative pathophysiological mechanisms with the potential for therapeutic targeting are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Sohrabi
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bunny Saberwal
- Electrophysiology Department, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Yao Lim
- Electrophysiology Department, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- First Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Syed Ahsan
- Electrophysiology Department, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaos Papageorgiou
- Electrophysiology Department, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom
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Brand MD. Riding the tiger - physiological and pathological effects of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generated in the mitochondrial matrix. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:592-661. [PMID: 33148057 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1828258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial matrix superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide concentrations drive a wide range of physiological responses and pathologies. Concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the mitochondrial matrix are set mainly by rates of production, the activities of superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) and peroxiredoxin-3 (PRDX3), and by diffusion of hydrogen peroxide to the cytosol. These considerations can be used to generate criteria for assessing whether changes in matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide are both necessary and sufficient to drive redox signaling and pathology: is a phenotype affected by suppressing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production; by manipulating the levels of SOD2, PRDX3 or mitochondria-targeted catalase; and by adding mitochondria-targeted SOD/catalase mimetics or mitochondria-targeted antioxidants? Is the pathology associated with variants in SOD2 and PRDX3 genes? Filtering the large literature on mitochondrial redox signaling using these criteria highlights considerable evidence that mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide drive physiological responses involved in cellular stress management, including apoptosis, autophagy, propagation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular senescence, HIF1α signaling, and immune responses. They also affect cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and the cell cycle. Filtering the huge literature on pathologies highlights strong experimental evidence that 30-40 pathologies may be driven by mitochondrial matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. These can be grouped into overlapping and interacting categories: metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurological diseases; cancer; ischemia/reperfusion injury; aging and its diseases; external insults, and genetic diseases. Understanding the involvement of mitochondrial matrix superoxide and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in these diseases can facilitate the rational development of appropriate therapies.
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Gliozzi M, Scarano F, Musolino V, Carresi C, Scicchitano M, Ruga S, Zito MC, Nucera S, Bosco F, Maiuolo J, Macrì R, Guarnieri L, Mollace R, Coppoletta AR, Nicita C, Tavernese A, Palma E, Muscoli C, Mollace V. Role of TSPO/VDAC1 Upregulation and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Localization in the Dysfunctional Myocardium of Hyperglycaemic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207432. [PMID: 33050121 PMCID: PMC7587933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical management of diabetic cardiomyopathy represents an unmet need owing to insufficient knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying the dysfunctional heart. The aim of this work is to better clarify the role of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) isoforms and of translocator protein (TSPO)/voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 (VDAC1) modulation in the development of hyperglycaemia-induced myocardial injury. Hyperglycaemia was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats through a streptozocin injection (35 mg/Kg, i.p.). After 60 days, cardiac function was analysed by echocardiography. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate NADPH oxidase and TSPO expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. MMP-2 activity was detected by zymography. Superoxide anion production was estimated by MitoSOX™ staining. Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 (VDAC-1), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and cytochrome C expression was assessed by Western blot. Hyperglycaemic rats displayed cardiac dysfunction; this response was characterized by an overexpression of NADPH oxidase, accompanied by an increase of superoxide anion production. Under hyperglycaemia, increased expression of TSPO and VDAC1 was detected. MMP-2 downregulated activity occurred under hyperglycemia and this profile of activation was accompanied by the translocation of intracellular N-terminal truncated isoform of MMP-2 (NT-MMP-2) from mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) into mitochondria. In the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy, mitochondrial impairment in cardiomyocytes is characterized by the dysregulation of the different MMP-2 isoforms. This can imply the generation of a “frail” myocardial tissue unable to adapt itself to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0961-3694301
| | - Federica Scarano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Cristina Carresi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Stefano Ruga
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Francesca Bosco
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Roberta Macrì
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Rocco Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Caterina Nicita
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, 00163 Rome, Italy
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Belosludtsev KN, Belosludtseva NV, Dubinin MV. Diabetes Mellitus, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Ca 2+-Dependent Permeability Transition Pore. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186559. [PMID: 32911736 PMCID: PMC7555889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases in the developed world, and is associated either with the impaired secretion of insulin or with the resistance of cells to the actions of this hormone (type I and type II diabetes, respectively). In both cases, a common pathological change is an increase in blood glucose—hyperglycemia, which eventually can lead to serious damage to the organs and tissues of the organism. Mitochondria are one of the main targets of diabetes at the intracellular level. This review is dedicated to the analysis of recent data regarding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of diabetes mellitus. Specific areas of focus include the involvement of mitochondrial calcium transport systems and a pathophysiological phenomenon called the permeability transition pore in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The important contribution of these systems and their potential relevance as therapeutic targets in the pathology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin N. Belosludtsev
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-929-913-8910
| | - Natalia V. Belosludtseva
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Dubinin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
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Tan Y, Zhang Z, Zheng C, Wintergerst KA, Keller BB, Cai L. Mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy and potential therapeutic strategies: preclinical and clinical evidence. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 17:585-607. [PMID: 32080423 PMCID: PMC7849055 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-0339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis and clinical features of diabetic cardiomyopathy have been well-studied in the past decade, but effective approaches to prevent and treat this disease are limited. Diabetic cardiomyopathy occurs as a result of the dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism associated with diabetes mellitus, which leads to increased oxidative stress and the activation of multiple inflammatory pathways that mediate cellular and extracellular injury, pathological cardiac remodelling, and diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Preclinical studies in animal models of diabetes have identified multiple intracellular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy and potential cardioprotective strategies to prevent and treat the disease, including antifibrotic agents, anti-inflammatory agents and antioxidants. Some of these interventions have been tested in clinical trials and have shown favourable initial results. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and heart failure in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and we summarize the evidence from preclinical and clinical studies that might provide guidance for the development of targeted strategies. We also highlight some of the novel pharmacological therapeutic strategies for the treatment and prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, University of Louisville, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kupper A Wintergerst
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, University of Louisville, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Bradley B Keller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Wendy Novak Diabetes Center, University of Louisville, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
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Khan S, Ahmad SS, Kamal MA. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Mechanism to Management in a Nutshell. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:268-281. [PMID: 32735531 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200731174724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a significant complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by gradually failing heart with detrimental cardiac remodelings, such as fibrosis and diastolic and systolic dysfunction, which is not directly attributable to coronary artery disease. Insulin resistance and resulting hyperglycemia is the main trigger involved in the initiation of diabetic cardiomyopathy. There is a constellation of many pathophysiological events, such as lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, dysfunctional immune modulation promoting increased rate of cardiac cell injury, apoptosis, and necrosis, which ultimately culminates into interstitial fibrosis, cardiac stiffness, diastolic dysfunction, initially, and later systolic dysfunction too. These events finally lead to clinical heart failure of DCM. Herein, The pathophysiology of DCM is briefly discussed. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies currently used for DCM are also briefly mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Khan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Syed S Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Iannantuoni F, M. de Marañon A, Abad-Jiménez Z, Canet F, Díaz-Pozo P, López-Domènech S, Morillas C, Rocha M, Víctor VM. Mitochondrial Alterations and Enhanced Human Leukocyte/Endothelial Cell Interactions in Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072155. [PMID: 32650465 PMCID: PMC7408780 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes has been associated with oxidative stress. This study evaluates the rates of oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, leukocyte–endothelium interactions and adhesion molecules in type 1 diabetic patients. The study population consisted of 52 diabetic patients and 46 body-composition and age-matched controls. We assessed anthropometric and metabolic parameters, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function by evaluating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) expression in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from type 1 diabetic patients. In addition, we evaluated interactions between leukocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and serum expression of adhesion molecules (P-selectin, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNFα) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). HbA1C and glucose levels were higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects, as expected. Mitochondrial function was altered and leukocyte–endothelium interactions were enhanced in diabetic patients, which was evident in the increase in total and mitochondrial ROS production, higher mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced leukocyte rolling and adhesion, and decreased rolling velocity. Furthermore, we observed an increase in levels of adhesion molecules P-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 in these subjects. In addition, type 1 diabetic patients exhibited an increase in proinflammatory mediators TNFα and MPO, and a decreased expression of SOD. The enhancement of leukocyte–endothelium interactions and proinflammatory markers correlated with glucose and HbA1Clevels. Mitochondrial alteration, oxidative stress, and enhanced leukocyte–endothelium interactions are features of type 1 diabetes and may be related to cardiovascular implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Iannantuoni
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Aranzazu M. de Marañon
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Zaida Abad-Jiménez
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Francisco Canet
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Pedro Díaz-Pozo
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Sandra López-Domènech
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
- CIBERehd—Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (V.M.V.)
| | - Víctor M. Víctor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
- CIBERehd—Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (V.M.V.)
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Kobayashi S, Patel J, Zhao F, Huang Y, Kobayashi T, Liang Q. Novel Dual-Fluorescent Mitophagy Reporter Reveals a Reduced Mitophagy Flux in Type 1 Diabetic Mouse Heart. J Osteopath Med 2020; 120:446-455. [PMID: 32598458 DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2020.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with diabetes are susceptible to heart failure. Defective mitochondria can cause cardiac damage. Mitochondrial autophagy or mitophagy is a quality control mechanism that eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria through lysosome degradation. Mitophagy is essential for maintaining a pool of healthy mitochondria for normal cardiac function. However, the effect of diabetes on the functional status of cardiac mitophagy remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine and compare cardiac mitophagy flux between diabetic and nondiabetic mice. METHODS Using a novel dual fluorescent mitophagy reporter termed mt-Rosella, we labeled and traced mitochondrial fragments that are sequestered by the autophagosome and delivered to and degraded in the lysosome. RESULTS Mitophagic activity was reduced in high-glucose-treated cardiomyocytes and in the heart tissue of type 1 diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Mitophagy was impaired in the heart of diabetic mice, suggesting that restoring or accelerating mitophagy flux may be a useful strategy to reduce cardiac injury caused by diabetes.
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Zeng Z, Liu HM, Zhang YY, Chen R, Sun T, Li W, Sun Q, Xia ZY, Meng QT. Aggravated intestinal ischemia‑reperfusion injury is associated with activated mitochondrial autophagy in a mouse model of diabetes. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1892-1900. [PMID: 32582983 PMCID: PMC7411361 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported that diabetes is associated with an increased susceptibility to cardiac ischemia- reperfusion injury; however, the mechanism underlying the role of diabetes during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) has yet to be elucidated. The present study evaluated the intestinal pathological alterations and possible underlying mechanisms in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus with IIR. The effects of diabetes were investigated by assessing the histopathology, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokine levels in intestine tissues and blood plasma, and protein expression levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase (PINK1), Parkin and the ratio of light chain 3B (LC3B) II/I. The results demonstrated that diabetes increased the Chiu's intestinal injury score, concentration of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and levels of oxidative stress. Furthermore, the alterations were more pronounced in the diabetes with IIR group. The expression levels of PINK1 and Parkin, as well as the ratio of LC3BII/I, were significantly upregulated in the IIR group compared with the Sham group. Diabetes activated PINK1 and Parkin, and increased the expression of LC3BII. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy revealed that mitochondrial destruction and the number of autophagosomes was increased in the diabetic groups compared with the non-diabetic groups. Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that diabetes increased intestinal vulnerability to IIR by enhancing inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, IIR was associated with overactivation of mitochondrial autophagy; therefore, the increased vulnerability to IIR-induced intestine damage due to diabetes may be associated with PINK1/Parkin-regulated mitochondrial autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Tao Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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