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Caliskan B, Inanir M. SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging for the evaluation of left ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony in obese patients. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2024. [PMID: 39031559 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Left ventricular dyssynchrony (LVD), the loss of coordinated contraction in the left ventricle, is an early sign of heart failure. LVD can be assessed using phase analysis techniques with gated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). This study aimed to investigate the impact of obesity on LVD through phase analysis. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 152 obese patients and 80 age- and sex-matched nonobese patients who showed normal myocardial perfusion and normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on MPI. Phase standard deviation (PSD) and phase histogram bandwidth (PBW), as phase analysis parameters, were compared between patients with and without obesity. RESULTS Although PSD values were within the normal range (cut-off value >23) for both groups, the PSD values of obese patients were higher than those of the nonobese (20.49 ± 8.66 vs. 14.81 ± 4.93; p < 0.05). PBW values of obese patients were statistically significantly higher than those of the nonobese (57.03 ± 23.17 vs. 41.40 ± 9.96; p < 0.05). The PBW values of obese patients exceeded the normal limits (cut-off value >49). A weak positive correlation was observed between body mass index (BMI) and PBW values in obese patients (r = 0.181, p < 0.05). In patients of normal weight, no correlations were found between BMI and phase analysis parameters. CONCLUSION LVD may develop in obese patients, even when myocardial perfusion and ejection fraction are preserved. The use of phase analysis with gated SPECT could be an additional finding improving the early detection of left ventricular dyssynchrony in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billur Caliskan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical Faculty, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Inanir
- Department of Cardiology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical Faculty, Bolu, Turkey
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2
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Haag L, Richardson J, Haig C, Cunningham Y, Fraser H, Brosnahan N, Ibbotson T, Ormerod J, White C, McIntosh E, O'Donnell K, Sattar N, McConnachie A, Lean M, Blane D, Combet E. Baseline Characteristics in the Remote Diet Intervention to REduce long-COVID Symptoms Trial (ReDIRECT). NIHR OPEN RESEARCH 2024; 4:7. [PMID: 39145102 PMCID: PMC11320183 DOI: 10.3310/nihropenres.13522.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Background The persistence of symptoms for ≥12 weeks after a COVID-19 infection is known as Long COVID (LC), a condition with unclear pathophysiology and no proven treatments to date. Living with obesity is a risk factor for LC and has symptoms which may overlap with and aggravate LC. Methods ReDIRECT is a remotely delivered trial assessing whether weight management can reduce LC symptoms. We recruited people with LC and BMI >27kg/m 2. The intervention was delivered remotely by dietitians, with online data collection (medical and dietary history, COVID-19 infection and vaccination, body composition, LC history/symptoms, blood pressure, quality of life, sociodemographic data). Participants self-selected the dominant LC symptoms they most wanted to improve from the intervention. Results Participants (n=234) in England (64%) and Scotland (30%) were mainly women (85%) of white ethnicity (90%), with 13% living in the 20% most deprived areas, a mean age of 46 (SD10) years, and median BMI of 35kg/m 2 (IQR 32-40). Before starting the study, 30% reported more than one COVID-19 infection (82% confirmed with one or more positive tests). LC Diagnosis was mainly by GPs (71%), other healthcare professionals (9%), or self-diagnosed (21%). The median total number of symptoms was 6 (IQR 4-8). Self-selected dominant LC symptoms included fatigue (54%), breathlessness (16%), pain (12%), anxiety/depression (1%) and "other" (17%). At baseline, 82% were taking medication, 57% reported 1+ other medical conditions. Quality of life was poor; 20% were on long-term sick leave or reduced working hours. Most (92%) reported having gained weight since contracting COVID-19 (median weight change +11.5 kg, range -11.5 to +45.3 kg). Conclusions Symptoms linked to LC and overweight are diverse and complex. Remote trial delivery enabled rapid recruitment across the UK yet certain groups (e.g. men and those from ethnic minority groups) were under-represented. Trial registration ISRCTN registry ( ISRCTN12595520, 25/11/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Haag
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Janice Richardson
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Caroline Haig
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Yvonne Cunningham
- General Practice & Primary Care, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Heather Fraser
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8TA, UK
| | | | - Tracy Ibbotson
- General Practice & Primary Care, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8TA, UK
| | | | | | - Emma McIntosh
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Kate O'Donnell
- General Practice & Primary Care, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Alex McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Mike Lean
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G31 2ER, UK
| | - David Blane
- General Practice & Primary Care, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Emilie Combet
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, G31 2ER, UK
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3
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Sha R, Baines O, Hayes A, Tompkins K, Kalla M, Holmes AP, O'Shea C, Pavlovic D. Impact of Obesity on Atrial Fibrillation Pathogenesis and Treatment Options. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032277. [PMID: 38156451 PMCID: PMC10863823 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. AF increases the risk of stroke, heart failure, dementia, and hospitalization. Obesity significantly increases AF risk, both directly and indirectly, through related conditions, like hypertension, diabetes, and heart failure. Obesity-driven structural and electrical remodeling contribute to AF via several reported mechanisms, including adiposity, inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, ion channel alterations, and autonomic dysfunction. In particular, expanding epicardial adipose tissue during obesity has been suggested as a key driver of AF via paracrine signaling and direct infiltration. Weight loss has been shown to reverse these changes and reduce AF risk and recurrence after ablation. However, studies on how obesity affects pharmacologic or interventional AF treatments are limited. In this review, we discuss mechanisms by which obesity mediates AF and treatment outcomes, aiming to provide insight into obesity-drug interactions and guide personalized treatment for this patient subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Sha
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Olivia Baines
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Abbie Hayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Katie Tompkins
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Manish Kalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Holmes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Christopher O'Shea
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Davor Pavlovic
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
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Chi M, Nie Y, Su Y, Wang N, Li A, Ma T, Hou Y. Effects of weight loss in heart failure patients with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:1906-1921. [PMID: 37652032 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of weight loss (WL) on the prognosis of overweight and obese patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS We reviewed the literature up to 1 February 2023 from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese databases for cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data from eligible studies were extracted, and statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.3. A total of 19 studies (involving 449 882 patients) were included in the systematic review and meta-analyses. The results showed that WL did not reduce the mortality and rehospitalization rates in overweight and obese HF patients, but could improve the quality of life (P = 0.002), cardiac function (P = 0.0001), and exercise capacity (P = 0.03). The subgroup analysis showed that WL from bariatric surgery (BS) reduced the risk of death (P < 0.00001), WL from medication or exercise was not significantly associated with the risk of death (P = 0.18), and WL was associated with a higher mortality in the subgroup with unspecified WL modality or unintentional WL (P < 0.00001). In addition, it did not reduce the risk of short-term rehospitalization (P = 0.11), but reduced the rehospitalization rates over the long-term (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION WL improves the long-term rehospitalization (>3 months), quality of life, cardiac function, and exercise capacity in overweight and obese HF patients. Although overall WL is not proven effective, subgroup analysis shows that BS can reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixuan Chi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, No. 1 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Yangfan Nie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, No. 1 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Yue Su
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, No. 1 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Naijuan Wang
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, No. 1 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Anan Li
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, No. 1 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Tianyu Ma
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, No. 1 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Yunying Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
- School of Nursing, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, No. 1 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
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5
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Haag L, Richardson J, Cunningham Y, Fraser H, Brosnahan N, Ibbotson T, Ormerod J, White C, McIntosh E, O'Donnell K, Sattar N, McConnachie A, Lean MEJ, Blane DN, Combet E. The remote diet intervention to reduce Long COVID symptoms trial (ReDIRECT): protocol for a randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a remotely delivered supported weight management programme for people with Long COVID and excess weight, with personalised improvement goals. NIHR OPEN RESEARCH 2023; 2:57. [PMID: 37881302 PMCID: PMC10593354 DOI: 10.3310/nihropenres.13315.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Objectves The Remote Diet Intervention to Reduce Long COVID Symptoms Trial (ReDIRECT) evaluates whether the digitally delivered, evidence-based, cost-effective Counterweight-Plus weight management programme improves symptoms of Long COVID in people with overweight/obesity. Methods Baseline randomised, non-blinded design with 240 participants allocated in a 1:1 ratio either to continue usual care or to add the remotely delivered Counterweight-Plus weight management programme, which includes a Counterweight dietitian supported delivery of 12 weeks total diet replacement, food reintroduction, and long-term weight loss maintenance. Randomisation is achieved by accessing a web-based randomisation system incorporated into the study web portal developed by a registered Clinical Trials Unit. We are using an innovative approach to outcome personalisation, with each participant selecting their most dominant Long COVID symptom as their primary outcome assessed at six months. Participants in the control arm enter the weight management programme after six months. We are recruiting participants from social media and existing networks (e.g., Long COVID Scotland groups), through newspaper advertisements and from primary care. Main inclusion criteria: people with Long COVID symptoms persisting > three months, aged 18 years or above, body mass index (BMI) above 27kg/m 2 (>25kg/m 2 for South Asians). The trial includes a process evaluation (involving qualitative interviews with participants and analysis of data on dose, fidelity and reach of the intervention) and economic evaluation (within-trial and long-term cost-utility analyses). Anticipated results The recruitment for this study started in December 2021 and ended in July 2022. Project results are not yet available and will be shared via peer-reviewed publication once the six-months outcomes have been analysed. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN12595520.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Haag
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Janice Richardson
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Yvonne Cunningham
- General Practice & Primary Care, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 9LX, UK
| | - Heather Fraser
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK
| | | | - Tracy Ibbotson
- General Practice & Primary Care, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 9LX, UK
| | | | | | - Emma McIntosh
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK
| | - Kate O'Donnell
- General Practice & Primary Care, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 9LX, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Alex McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Michael E. J. Lean
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - David N. Blane
- General Practice & Primary Care, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 9LX, UK
| | - Emilie Combet
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
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6
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Schamarek I, Anders L, Chakaroun RM, Kovacs P, Rohde-Zimmermann K. The role of the oral microbiome in obesity and metabolic disease: potential systemic implications and effects on taste perception. Nutr J 2023; 22:28. [PMID: 37237407 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its metabolic sequelae still comprise a challenge when it comes to understanding mechanisms, which drive these pandemic diseases. The human microbiome as a potential key player has attracted the attention of broader research for the past decade. Most of it focused on the gut microbiome while the oral microbiome has received less attention. As the second largest niche, the oral microbiome is associated with a multitude of mechanisms, which are potentially involved in the complex etiology of obesity and associated metabolic diseases. These mechanisms include local effects of oral bacteria on taste perception and subsequent food preference as well as systemic effects on adipose tissue function, the gut microbiome and systemic inflammation. This review summarizes a growing body of research, pointing towards a more prominent role of the oral microbiome in obesity and associated metabolic diseases than expected. Ultimately, our knowledge on the oral microbiome may support the development of new patient oriented therapeutic approaches inevitable to relieve the health burden of metabolic diseases and to reach long-term benefits in patients´ lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Schamarek
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Leipzig and the University Clinic Leipzig, AöR, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Lars Anders
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rima M Chakaroun
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Diabetesforschung, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Rohde-Zimmermann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Leipzig and the University Clinic Leipzig, AöR, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Wu H, Liu Y, Wang J, Chen S, Xie L, Wu X. Schizophrenia and obesity: May the gut microbiota serve as a link for the pathogenesis? IMETA 2023; 2:e99. [PMID: 38868440 PMCID: PMC10989809 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) places a tremendous burden on public health as one of the leading causes of disability and death. SZ patients are more prone to developing obesity than the general population from the clinical practice. The development of obesity frequently causes poor psychiatric outcomes in SZ patients. In turn, maternal obesity during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of SZ in offspring, suggesting that these two disorders may have shared neuropathological mechanisms. The gut microbiota is well known to serve as a major regulator of bidirectional interactions between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. It also plays a critical role in maintaining physical and mental health in humans. Recent studies have shown that the dysbiosis of gut microbiota is intimately associated with the onset of SZ and obesity through shared pathophysiological mechanisms, particularly the stimulation of immune inflammation. Therefore, gut microbiota may serve as a common biological basis for the etiology in both SZ and obesity, and the perturbed gut-brain axis may therefore account for the high prevalence of obesity in patients with SZ. On the basis of these findings, this review provides updated perspectives and intervention approaches on the etiology, prevention, and management of obesity in SZ patients by summarizing the recent findings on the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of SZ and obesity, highlighting the role of gut-derived inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- Psychiatry DepartmentThird Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yaxi Liu
- Psychiatry DepartmentThird Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of MicrobiologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Shengyun Chen
- Psychiatry DepartmentThird Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Liwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of MicrobiologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Psychiatry DepartmentThird Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Cao C, Tan X, Yan H, Shen Q, Hua R, Shao Y, Yao Q. Sleeve gastrectomy decreases high-fat diet induced colonic pro-inflammatory status through the gut microbiota alterations. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1091040. [PMID: 37008903 PMCID: PMC10061349 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1091040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity is characterized with chronic low-grade inflammation in various tissues and organs among which colon is the first to display pro-inflammatory features associated with alterations of the gut microbiota. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is currently one of the most effective treatments for obesity. Although studies reveal that SG results in decreased levels of inflammation in multiple tissues such as liver and adipose tissues, the effects of surgery on obesity related pro-inflammatory status in the colon and its relation to the microbial changes remain unknown. Methods To determine the effects of SG on the colonic pro-inflammatory condition and the gut microbiota, SG was performed on HFD-induced obese mice. To probe the causal relationship between alterations of the gut microbiota and improvements of pro-inflammatory status in the colon following SG, we applied broad-spectrum antibiotics cocktails on mice that received SG to disturb the gut microbial changes. The pro-inflammatory shifts in the colon were assessed based on morphology, macrophage infiltration and expressions of a variety of cytokine genes and tight junction protein genes. The gut microbiota alterations were analyzed using 16s rRNA sequencing. RNA sequencing of colon was conducted to further explore the role of the gut microbiota in amelioration of colonic pro-inflammation following SG at a transcriptional level. Results Although SG did not lead to pronounced changes of colonic morphology and macrophage infiltration in the colon, there were significant decreases in the expressions of several pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-18, and IL-23 as well as increased expressions of some tight junction proteins in the colon following SG, suggesting an improvement of pro-inflammatory status. This was accompanied by changing populations of the gut microbiota such as increased richness of Lactobacillus subspecies following SG. Importantly, oral administrations of broad-spectrum antibiotics to delete most intestinal bacteria abrogated surgical effects to relieve colonic pro-inflammation. This was further confirmed by transcriptional analysis of colon indicating that SG regulated inflammation related pathways in a manner that was gut microbiota relevant. Conclusion These results support that SG decreases obesity related colonic pro-inflammatory status through the gut microbial alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Cao
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhuo Tan
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Yan
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Shen
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Hua
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yikai Shao
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyuan Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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de Oliveira Fialho CG, Moreira APB, Bressan J, de Cássia Gonçalves Alfenas R, Mattes R, Costa NMB. Effects of whole peanut within an energy-restricted diet on inflammatory and oxidative processes in obese women: a randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3446-3455. [PMID: 34837651 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peanut consumption has little effect on body weight, despite its high energy density and is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that the consumption of whole peanut would be associated with greater improvements in body composition, lipid profile, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. METHODOLOGY Twenty-four women with obesity [body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg m-2 ], 33.1 ± 8.7 years old, were assigned to three groups and consumed 56 g of whole peanut (WP), skinned peanut (SP), and no peanut (NP) and consumed energy-restricted diets (250 kcal d-1 less than their customary diet) for 8 weeks. RESULTS WP group lost an average of 3.2 kg, while SP group lost 2.6 kg and the NP group 1.8 kg. However, only the groups that consumed peanuts showed a significant reduction in BMI. WP group presented lower body weight, BMI, waist circumference, total lean mass, and total body fat than the SP group in the eighth week. There was a significant reduction in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) after 4 weeks of intervention, which was maintained in week-8 for the WP and SP groups. In addition, there was an improvement in platelets and plasma homocysteine with WP group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the regular intake of the whole peanut as part of an energy-restricted diet showed health benefits since it enhanced body weight loss, besides improving body composition and reducing cholesterol, platelets, and homocysteine concentrations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Richard Mattes
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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10
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Zhou WBS, Meng J, Zhang J. Does Low Grade Systemic Inflammation Have a Role in Chronic Pain? Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:785214. [PMID: 34858140 PMCID: PMC8631544 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.785214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major clinical manifestations of peripheral neuropathy, either resulting from trauma or diseases, is chronic pain. While it significantly impacts patients’ quality of life, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, and treatment is not satisfactory. Systemic chronic inflammation (SCI) that we are referring to in this perspective is a state of low-grade, persistent, non-infective inflammation, being found in many physiological and pathological conditions. Distinct from acute inflammation, which is a protective process fighting against intruders, SCI might have harmful effects. It has been associated with many chronic non-communicable diseases. We hypothesize that SCI could be a predisposing and/or precipitating factor in the development of chronic pain, as well as associated comorbidities. We reviewed evidence from human clinical studies indicating the coexistence of SCI with various types of chronic pain. We also collated existing data about the sources of SCI and who could have it, showing that those individuals or patients having SCI usually have higher prevalence of chronic pain and psychological comorbidities. We thus elaborate on the need for further research in the connection between SCI and chronic pain. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain these complex interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Bo Sam Zhou
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - JingWen Meng
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ji Zhang
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Hospitalizations and emergency department visits in heart failure patients after bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 17:489-497. [PMID: 33376053 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure is a disease with significant healthcare utilization and a prioritized target for readmission prevention. Although obesity is related to heart failure morbidity, the effects of bariatric surgery in obese patients with heart failure are not well studied. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of bariatric surgery on hospital-based healthcare utilization for patients with heart failure. SETTING Administrative statewide database. METHODS The New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database was used to identify patients with obesity and heart failure who underwent bariatric surgery from 2005 to 2015. Emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalization records from 1 year presurgery and up to 2 years postsurgery were compared. RESULTS Our study identified 899 patients with heart failure who underwent bariatric surgery. In the year presurgery, 11.48% of patients had any ED visit or hospitalization with a primary diagnosis of heart failure. The rate decreased drastically in the first year after surgery, with only 3.70% of patients having any heart failure-related hospital visits. The rate of heart failure-related visits was also lower in the second year postsurgery (3.44%) compared with the year before surgery. The risk of heart failure-related hospital visits was lower in both the first year (odds ratio [OR], .29; 95% confidence interval [CI], .19-.43) and second year postsurgery (OR, .26; 95% CI, .17-.41; P < .0001) than in the year before surgery. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that bariatric interventions might be associated with decreased risks of ED visits or hospitalizations due to heart failure exacerbations in obese patients with preexisting heart failure.
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12
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Scheithauer TPM, Rampanelli E, Nieuwdorp M, Vallance BA, Verchere CB, van Raalte DH, Herrema H. Gut Microbiota as a Trigger for Metabolic Inflammation in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:571731. [PMID: 33178196 PMCID: PMC7596417 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.571731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been linked to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The underlying mechanisms as to how intestinal microbiota may contribute to T2D are only partly understood. It becomes progressively clear that T2D is characterized by a chronic state of low-grade inflammation, which has been linked to the development of insulin resistance. Here, we review the current evidence that intestinal microbiota, and the metabolites they produce, could drive the development of insulin resistance in obesity and T2D, possibly by initiating an inflammatory response. First, we will summarize major findings about immunological and gut microbial changes in these metabolic diseases. Next, we will give a detailed view on how gut microbial changes have been implicated in low-grade inflammation. Lastly, we will critically discuss clinical studies that focus on the interaction between gut microbiota and the immune system in metabolic disease. Overall, there is strong evidence that the tripartite interaction between gut microbiota, host immune system and metabolism is a critical partaker in the pathophysiology of obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten P M Scheithauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elena Rampanelli
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Bruce Verchere
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Daniël H van Raalte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit (VU) University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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13
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M Abd El-Kader S, H Al-Jiffri O, A Neamatallah Z, M AlKhateeb A, S AlFawaz S. Weight reduction ameliorates inflammatory cytokines, adipocytokines and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers among Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:1329-1336. [PMID: 33402982 PMCID: PMC7751542 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i3.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) considered as one of the cardiovascular disorders (CVD) principle risk factor as diabetes is associated with abnormal levels of endothelial function, inflammatory and adipocytokines. Objective The aim of this study was to measure the impact of weight reducing on inflammatory cytokines, adipocytokines and endothelial function biomarkers among obese T2DM patients. Methods One-hundred T2DM patients enrolled in the present study; the age range was 35–55 year. Participants shared in this study were enrolled in group (A) received diet control and aerobic exercise on treadmill, while, group (B) had no intervention for 3 months. Results The mean values of body mass index (BMI), tumor necrosis factor -alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, inter-cellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), E-selectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity (PAI-1 activity) were significantly decreased and adiponectin was increased significantly in the training group, however the results of the control group were not significant. Also, there were significant differences between both groups at the end of the study. Conclusion Weight reducing program modulates inflammatory cytokines, adipocytokines and endothelial function biomarkers among obese T2DM patients.
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14
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Yadav R, Yadav RK, Khadgawat R, Pandey RM. Comparative efficacy of a 12 week yoga-based lifestyle intervention and dietary intervention on adipokines, inflammation, and oxidative stress in adults with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Transl Behav Med 2020; 9:594-604. [PMID: 30020512 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/iby060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the comparative efficacy of 12 week yoga-based lifestyle intervention (YBLI) and dietary intervention (DI) alone on adipokines, inflammation, and oxidative stress in Indian adults with metabolic syndrome (Met S). A parallel, two arm, RCT was conducted in Integral Health Clinic (IHC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India from 2012 to 2014. IHC is an outpatient facility conducting YBLI programs for prevention and management of chronic diseases. Two hundred sixty men and women (20-45 years) visiting the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital were diagnosed with Met S and randomized 1:1 to receive 12 week YBLI (n = 130) or DI (n = 130). Primary outcomes were change in plasma levels of adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, and leptin:adiponectin ratio), markers of inflammation (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-6), markers of oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS], 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG], and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) measured at baseline, 2 weeks, and 12 weeks. YBLI group showed a significant decrease in leptin, leptin:adiponectin ratio, IL-6, 8-OHdG, and TBARS levels, whereas there was a significant increase in adiponectin and SOD levels. No significant changes were noticed in DI alone group. YBLI showed significantly greater reduction in TBARS levels than in DI group, suggestive of reduced oxidative stress in adults with Met S. A 12 week YBLI had a positive impact on oxidative stress versus DI alone in adults with Met S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Yadav
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Khadgawat
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra Mohan Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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15
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PPARG2 Pro12Ala and TNF α -308G>A Polymorphisms Are Not Associated with Heart Failure Development in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. PPAR Res 2019; 2019:1932036. [PMID: 31275366 PMCID: PMC6582793 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1932036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TNFα and PPARγ are important modulators of metabolism, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of heart failure (HF). The aim of the study was to assess whether polymorphisms of the TNFα (-308G>A) and PPARG2 (Pro12Ala) genes are associated with the risk of developing HF by patients with ischemic heart disease. Methods. 122 patients without HF (aged 63 ± 8.8 years, 85% males) with confirmed coronary artery disease qualified for coronary bypass grafting were enrolled in the study. After the procedure, they were screened for cardiac parameters. Those with elevated NT-proBNP or diminished left ventricular ejection fraction during follow-up were assigned to the HF group (n=78), and the remaining ones to the non-HF group (n=44). The TNFα -308G>A and PPARG2 Pro12Ala polymorphisms were detected using the TaqMan method. Results. The distributions of TNFα -308G>A and PPARG2 Pro12Ala did not differ between the HF and non-HF groups (-308G>A: 16% vs. 11.4% of alleles; Pro12Ala: 23.9% vs. 20.5% of alleles, respectively). IL-6 concentration in the plasma of TNFα A-allele carriers at months 1 and 12 after CABG was higher in the HF group compared to the non-HF group (1 month after CABG: 5.3 ± 3.4 vs. 3.1 ± 2.9, p<0.05; 12 months after CABG: 4.2 ± 3,9 vs. 1.4 ± 1.2, p<0.01, respectively). Both polymorphisms were not related to changes in the plasma TNFα concentration or other parameters related to HF. Conclusions. Our study did not reveal any correlation between the PPARG2 Pro12Ala and TNFα -308G>A polymorphisms and development of HF in patients with ischemic heart disease after coronary bypass grafting.
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16
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Thaane T, Motala AA, Mckune AJ. Lifestyle modification in the management of insulin resistance states in overweight/obesity: the role of exercise training. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY, METABOLISM AND DIABETES OF SOUTH AFRICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/16089677.2019.1608054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tshidi Thaane
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ayesha A Motala
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andrew J Mckune
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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17
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Flynn MG, Markofski MM, Carrillo AE. Elevated Inflammatory Status and Increased Risk of Chronic Disease in Chronological Aging: Inflamm-aging or Inflamm-inactivity? Aging Dis 2019; 10:147-156. [PMID: 30705775 PMCID: PMC6345337 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated hyper-inflammation or "inflamm-aging" has been linked to the development of chronic diseases and characterized as an unavoidable aspect of aging. However, the inflamm-aging model does not adequately address the potential anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training and the potential for exercise to ameliorate several age-related diseases. In this brief review, we introduce a new paradigm-inflamm-inactivity-that describes a potent counter-measure to age-associated inflammatory illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Flynn
- HCA South Atlantic Division, Charleston, SC 29492, USA
- College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, USA
| | - Melissa M. Markofski
- University of Houston, Department of Health and Human Performance, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Andres E. Carrillo
- Department of Exercise Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
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18
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Sandhu RK, Ezekowitz JA, Hijazi Z, Westerbergh J, Aulin J, Alexander JH, Granger CB, Halvorsen S, Hanna MS, Lopes RD, Siegbahn A, Wallentin L. Obesity paradox on outcome in atrial fibrillation maintained even considering the prognostic influence of biomarkers: insights from the ARISTOTLE trial. Open Heart 2018; 5:e000908. [PMID: 30487982 PMCID: PMC6242013 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We investigated the association between obesity and biomarkers indicating cardiac or renal dysfunction or inflammation and their interaction with obesity and outcomes. Methods A total of 14 753 patients in the Apixaban for Reduction In STroke and Other ThromboemboLic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial provided plasma samples at randomisation to apixaban or warfarin. Median follow-up was 1.9 years. Body Mass Index (BMI) was measured at baseline and categorised as normal, 18.5–25 kg/m2; overweight, >25 to <30 kg/m2; and obese, ≥30 kg/m2. We analysed the biomarkers high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), troponin T and N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP). Outcomes included stroke/systemic embolism (SE), myocardial infarction (MI), composite (stroke/SE, MI, or all-cause mortality), all-cause and cardiac mortality, and major bleeding. Results Compared with normal BMI, obese patients had significantly higher levels of hs-CRP and IL-6 and lower levels of GDF-15, troponin T and NT-pro-BNP. In multivariable analyses, higher compared with normal BMI was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (overweight: HR 0.73 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.86); obese: 0.67 (0.56 to 0.80), p<0.0001), cardiac death (overweight: HR 0.74 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.93); obese: 0.71 (0.56 to 0.92), p=0.01) and composite endpoint (overweight: 0.80 (0.70 to 0.92); obese: 0.72 (0.62 to 0.84), p<0.0001). Conclusions Regardless of biomarkers indicating inflammation or cardiac or renal dysfunction, obesity was independently associated with an improved survival in anticoagulated patients with AF. Trial registration number NCT00412984.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopinder K Sandhu
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justin A Ezekowitz
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ziad Hijazi
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Westerbergh
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julia Aulin
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John H Alexander
- Duke Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Sigrun Halvorsen
- Department of Cardiology B, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael S Hanna
- Bristol-Myers Squibb (Former Employee), Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Renato D Lopes
- Duke Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Agneta Siegbahn
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Wallentin
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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Asad Z, Abbas M, Javed I, Korantzopoulos P, Stavrakis S. Obesity is associated with incident atrial fibrillation independent of gender: A meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2018; 29:725-732. [PMID: 29443438 DOI: 10.1111/jce.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity is increasing among the general population. Obesity is associated with increased risk of several cardiovascular conditions, which in turn may increase the risk for atrial fibrillation (AF). We performed a meta-analysis of cohort studies that examined the effect of obesity on the incidence of AF. In addition, we examined the effect of obesity on the incidence of AF stratified by gender. METHODS AND RESULTS We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for studies evaluating the effect of obesity on AF. Pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random effects model. Sixteen trials involving 587,372 subjects were included in the analysis. Obesity was defined as body mass index >30 kg/m2 . AF during follow-up developed in 5,751 of 91,031 (6.3%) obese subjects and in 15,346 of 496,341 (3.1%) nonobese subjects (RR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.68; P < 0.00001). Based on the pooled estimate across the studies, the effect of obesity on incident AF was similar in men (RR = 1.41, 95% 1.24 to 1.62; P < 0.00001) and women (RR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.97; P < 0.00001). CONCLUSION Obesity is associated with an increased risk of new-onset AF in susceptible individuals. This effect appears to be consistent in both genders. Further studies are warranted to examine the impact of weight loss interventions on the risk of developing AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Asad
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Mubasher Abbas
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Isma Javed
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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20
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Tir AMD, Labor M, Plavec D. The effects of physical activity on chronic subclinical systemic inflammation. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2018; 68:276-286. [DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Chronic subclinical systemic inflammation (CSSI) is a pathogenic event and a common risk factor for many noncommunicable diseases like atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, cancer, and obstructive lung disease. On the other hand, regular physical activity has been found to reduce this risk. Many studies of different design were conducted to assess the association between inflammatory mediators as markers of CSSI and regular physical activity. The aim of this review was to present the current level of evidence and understanding of potential mechanisms by which physical activity reduces inflammatory mediators involved in CSSI and the types of physical activity required for the expected effect. We have found that observational studies consistently report a positive association between regular physical activity and lower CSSI, but the design of these studies does not allow to infer a causal relationship. Interventional studies, in contrast, were not consistent about the causal relationship between regular physical activity and lower CSSI. The problem in interpreting these results lies in significant differences between these interventional studies in their design, sample size, study population, and intervention itself (intensity and extent, follow up, weight loss). We can conclude that the scientific community has to invest a significant effort into high-quality interventional trials focused on finding the type, intensity, and extent of physical activity that would produce the most favourable effect on CSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Labor
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital Centre Osijek, Ul. Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000, Osijek , Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek , Croatia
| | - Davor Plavec
- Children’s Hospital Srebrnjak, Srebrnjak 100, 10000, Zagreb , Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek , Croatia
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21
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Rivet D, Nelson O, Vella C, Jansen H, Robbins C. Systemic effects of a high saturated fat diet in grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis). CAN J ZOOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2016-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Food sources for North America’s grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis Ord, 1815) population have changed as habitats have fragmented, altering available resources and putting bears in contact with unnatural foods. Bears have evolved mechanisms to tolerate obesity, and do not develop adverse health consequences despite storing massive amounts of body fat. Captive adult grizzly bears were used to determine the effects of dietary fat on health. Group 1 was fed a diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) wherein 9.5% of available calories came from saturated fatty acids (SFA). Group 2 was fed a diet wherein 28.8% of calories came from SFA. Plasma fatty acids, serum lipid profiles, insulin, inflammatory markers, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and cardiac function parameters were measured. Serum lipids, SFA, and insulin did not differ between the two groups, although omega-3 fatty acids differed. Bears eating the SFA diet had significantly higher circulating adiponectin, interleukin-7 and interleukin-15, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Mild, asymptomatic systolic and diastolic dysfunctions were detected by strain echocardiography in the SFA group. The SFA diet group exhibited higher diastolic arterial pressures. Even though mild metabolic derangements were observed, grizzly bears were remarkably resistant to metabolic effects of diets high in SFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.R. Rivet
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - O.L. Nelson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - C.A. Vella
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - H.T. Jansen
- Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - C.T. Robbins
- School of the Environment and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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22
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Williams EJ, Baines KJ, Berthon BS, Wood LG. Effects of an Encapsulated Fruit and Vegetable Juice Concentrate on Obesity-Induced Systemic Inflammation: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2017; 9:E116. [PMID: 28208713 PMCID: PMC5331547 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals from fruit and vegetables reduce systemic inflammation. This study examined the effects of an encapsulated fruit and vegetable (F&V) juice concentrate on systemic inflammation and other risk factors for chronic disease in overweight and obese adults. A double-blinded, parallel, randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 56 adults aged ≥40 years with a body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m². Before and after eight weeks daily treatment with six capsules of F&V juice concentrate or placebo, peripheral blood gene expression (microarray, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)), plasma tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)), body composition (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)) and lipid profiles were assessed. Following consumption of juice concentrate, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and plasma TNFα decreased and total lean mass increased, while there was no change in the placebo group. In subjects with high systemic inflammation at baseline (serum C-reactive protein (CRP) ≥3.0 mg/mL) who were supplemented with the F&V juice concentrate (n = 16), these effects were greater, with decreased total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and plasma TNFα and increased total lean mass; plasma CRP was unchanged by the F&V juice concentrate following both analyses. The expression of several genes involved in lipogenesis, the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathways was altered, including phosphomevalonate kinase (PMVK), zinc finger AN1-type containing 5 (ZFAND5) and calcium binding protein 39 (CAB39), respectively. Therefore, F&V juice concentrate improves the metabolic profile, by reducing systemic inflammation and blood lipid profiles and, thus, may be useful in reducing the risk of obesity-induced chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Williams
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Katherine J Baines
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn S Berthon
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia.
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23
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Longitudinal function and ventricular dyssynchrony are restored in children with pulmonary stenosis after percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 33:533-538. [PMID: 27943062 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-016-1036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty on longitudinal ventricular dysfunction and cardiac dyssynchrony in children with congenital moderately severe pulmonary stenosis (PS). Forty-eight children with congenital moderately severe valvular pulmonary stenosis and 36 age-matched normal children were included. Successful percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty was performed for children with PS. Longitudinal Cardiac function and myocardial synchrony was assessed by echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). Mitral annular plane excursion (MAPSE), tricuspid annular plane excursion (TAPSE), left ventricular systolic wave (LVs), right ventricular systolic wave (RVs) and myocardial synchrony was assessed by echocardiography with TDI. TAPSE, RVs, TAPSE/MAPSE ratio and RVs/LVs ratio were significantly lower in children with PS compared to control subjects: (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). All these parameters were significantly improved after balloon valvuloplasty in children with PS. Intra& inter-ventricular dyssynchrony were significantly increased in PS patients than in control group, (P < 0.03, <0.001 and 0.02 respectively). All these variables were significantly reduced after pulmonary valvuloplasty. In children with valvular PS, balloon valvuloplasty restored longitudinal function and cardiac Synchrony. This gives good insights for the importance of early intervention in children with PS to prevent the progression for cardiac deformation.
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Leclerc J, Arsenault M, Després JP, Brassard P, Gaudreault V, Bergeron J, Alméras N, Tremblay A, Auclair A, Ross MK, Denault-Bissonnette S, Poirier P. Determinants of Improvement In Left Ventricular Diastolic Function Following a 1-Year Lifestyle Modification Program in Abdominally Obese Men with Features of the Metabolic Syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2016; 14:483-491. [PMID: 27754772 DOI: 10.1089/met.2016.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal obesity and presence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with cardiac abnormalities. Among those, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is the most frequently encountered in clinical practice. Few studies evaluated the reversibility of LVDD by an approach promoting lifestyle modifications in abdominally obese subjects with MetS. METHODS We assessed the impact of a 1-year lifestyle modification program combining nutritional and physical activity counseling on LVDD and metabolic profile of abdominally obese men with MetS. Echocardiograms, oral glucose tolerance test, lipids profile, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography scans (visceral obesity assessment), heart rate variability (HRV), as well as maximal and submaximal exercise tests were performed in participants before and after a 1-year program combining healthy eating and a physical activity/exercise program. RESULTS Fifty-one abdominally obese men participated in this study. At baseline, 86% of the participants had LVDD (n = 44). After the 1-year program, LVDD improved in 57% of participants (n = 29, P < 0.0001). All metabolic, adiposity, and exercise tolerance measures improved from baseline (P < 0.0001), but were not associated with improvement in LVDD. Participants who improved LVDD had better exercise performance at baseline. Exercise tolerance during the submaximal exercise test, parasympathetic cardiac autonomic activity, and fasting insulin predicted 50% of LVDD improvements. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant improvement in LVDD after a 1-year lifestyle intervention program in abdominally obese men with MetS, such an improvement being associated with increased exercise tolerance, enhanced HRV, and reduced insulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinthe Leclerc
- 1 Centre de recherche , Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada .,2 Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval , Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Arsenault
- 1 Centre de recherche , Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada .,3 Faculté de médecine, Université Laval , Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Després
- 1 Centre de recherche , Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada .,4 Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval , Québec, Canada
| | - Patrice Brassard
- 1 Centre de recherche , Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada .,4 Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval , Québec, Canada
| | - Valérie Gaudreault
- 1 Centre de recherche , Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada .,2 Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval , Québec, Canada
| | - Jean Bergeron
- 3 Faculté de médecine, Université Laval , Québec, Canada .,5 Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval , Québec, Canada
| | - Natalie Alméras
- 1 Centre de recherche , Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada .,3 Faculté de médecine, Université Laval , Québec, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- 4 Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval , Québec, Canada
| | - Audrey Auclair
- 1 Centre de recherche , Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada .,2 Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval , Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Kristelle Ross
- 1 Centre de recherche , Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada .,3 Faculté de médecine, Université Laval , Québec, Canada .,6 Centre Hospitalier de Lévis , Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Denault-Bissonnette
- 1 Centre de recherche , Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada .,3 Faculté de médecine, Université Laval , Québec, Canada .,5 Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval , Québec, Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- 1 Centre de recherche , Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Canada .,2 Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval , Québec, Canada
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Abd El-Kader SM, Saiem Al-Dahr MH. Impact of weight loss on oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in obese type 2 diabetic patients. Afr Health Sci 2016; 16:725-733. [PMID: 27917205 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v16i3.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with abnormal markers of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers. Although, these abnormalities could be modulated with weight reduction; there is limitation in clinical studies that have addressed the beneficial effects of weight reduction in modulating biomarkers of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress for obesity associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to detect the effects of weight loss on the inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers in obese type 2 diabetic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, their age ranged from 35-57 years and their body mass index ranged from 31-35 kg/m2 were equally assigned into 2 groups: the weight reduction group received aerobic exercises, diet regimen, where as the control group received medical treatment only for 12 weeks. RESULTS The mean values of body mass index (BMI), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (sCRP), conjugated dienes (CD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly decreased, while the mean values of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly increased in patients of group (A), while changes were not significant in group (B). Also, there were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) at the end of the study. CONCLUSION Weight loss ameliorates inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in obese type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehab M Abd El-Kader
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University
| | - Mohammed H Saiem Al-Dahr
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University
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Abd El-Kader SM, Saiem Al-Dahr MH. Weight loss improves biomarkers endothelial function and systemic inflammation in obese postmenopausal Saudi women. Afr Health Sci 2016; 16:533-41. [PMID: 27605969 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v16i2.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although postmenopausal associated disorders are important public health problems worldwide, to date limited studies evaluated the endothelial function and systemic inflammation response to weight loss in obese postmenopausal women. OBJECTIVE This study was done to evaluate the endothelial function and systemic inflammation response to weight loss in obese postmenopausal Saudi women. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty postmenopausal obese Saudi women (mean age 52.64±6.13 year) participated in two groups: Group (A) received aerobic exercise on treadmill and diet whereas, group (B) received no intervention. Markers of inflammation and endothelial function were measured before and after 3 months at the end of the study. RESULTS The values of body mass index(BMI), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), inter-cellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity (PAI-1:Ac) were significantly decreased in group (A), while changes were not significant in group (B). Also, there were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) after treatment. CONCLUSION Weight loss ameliorates inflammatory cytokines and markers of endothelial function in obese postmenopausal Saudi women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed H Saiem Al-Dahr
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University
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Byrne ML, O'Brien-Simpson NM, Mitchell SA, Allen NB. Adolescent-Onset Depression: Are Obesity and Inflammation Developmental Mechanisms or Outcomes? Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2015; 46:839-50. [PMID: 25666100 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-014-0524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Depression often has its first onset during adolescence and is associated with obesity. Furthermore, inflammatory processes have been implicated in both depression and obesity, although research amongst adolescents is limited. This review explores associations between depression and obesity, depression and inflammation, and obesity and inflammation from a developmental perspective. The temporal relations between these factors are examined to explore whether obesity and elevated inflammation act as either risk factors for, or outcomes of, adolescent-onset depression. Sex differences in these processes are also summarized. We propose a model whereby increases in sex hormones during puberty increase risk for depression for females, which can lead to obesity, which in turn increases levels of inflammation. Importantly, this model suggests that inflammation and obesity are outcomes of adolescent depression, rather than initial contributing causes. Further research on biological and psychosocial effects of sex hormones is needed, as is longitudinal research with children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Byrne
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Neil M O'Brien-Simpson
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health CRC, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sarah A Mitchell
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403-1227, USA
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Al-Safi ZA, Liu H, Carlson NE, Chosich J, Lesh J, Robledo C, Bradford AP, Gee NA, Phang T, Santoro N, Kohrt W, Polotsky AJ. Estradiol Priming Improves Gonadotrope Sensitivity and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Obese Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:4372-81. [PMID: 26425884 PMCID: PMC4702462 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity is associated with a pro-inflammatory state and relative hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Estrogen (E2) is a potential link between these phenomena because it exhibits negative feedback on gonadotropin secretion and also inhibits production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the effect of estrogen priming on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in obesity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was an interventional study at an academic center of 11 obese and 10 normal-weight (NW) women. INTERVENTION A frequent blood-sampling study and one month of daily urinary collection were performed before and after administration of transdermal estradiol 0.1 mg/d for one entire menstrual cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum LH and FSH before and after GnRH stimulation, and urinary estrogen and progesterone metabolites were measured. RESULTS E2 increased LH pulse amplitude and FSH response to GnRH (P = .048, and P < .03, respectively) in obese but not NW women. After E2 priming, ovulatory obese but not NW women had a 25% increase in luteal progesterone (P = .01). Obese women had significantly higher baseline IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-12 compared with NW (all P < .05); these levels were reduced after E2 (-6% for IL-1β, -21% for IL-8, -5% for TGF-β, -5% for IL-12; all P < .05) in obese but not in NW women. CONCLUSIONS E2 priming seems to improve hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis function and systemic inflammation in ovulatory, obese women. Reducing chronic inflammation at the pituitary level may decrease the burden of obesity on fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain A Al-Safi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Huayu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Nichole E Carlson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Justin Chosich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Jennifer Lesh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Celeste Robledo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Andrew P Bradford
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Nancy A Gee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Tzu Phang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Nanette Santoro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Wendy Kohrt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Alex J Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Z.A.A., J.C., J.L., C.R., A.P.B., N.S., W.K., A.J.P.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (H.L., N.E.C., T.P.), Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045; Center for Health and the Environment and California National Primate Research Center (N.A.G.), University of California, Davis, California 95616; and Department of Medicine (W.K.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Viswanathan V, Sathyamurthy S. Global Increase in the Prevalence of Diabetes with Special Reference to the Middle East and Asia. Diabetes Technol Ther 2015; 17:676-8. [PMID: 26168052 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2015.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Viswanathan
- 1 Department of Diabetology, Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre and MV Hospital for Diabetes , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saigopal Sathyamurthy
- 2 Department of Epidemiology, Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Centre and MV Hospital for Diabetes , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ávila-Vanzzini N, Machain Leyva CZ, Rodríguez Castellanos LE, Arias Godínez JA, Ruiz Esparza ME, Herrera Bello H. Excessive Weight and Obesity Are Associated to Intra-Ventricular Asynchrony: Pilot Study. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2015; 23:86-90. [PMID: 26140150 PMCID: PMC4486183 DOI: 10.4250/jcu.2015.23.2.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive weight and obesity (EwO) are independent factors in the development of heart failure; they lead to a state of myocardiopathy via inflammatory and hormonal mechanisms. If excessively accumulated, epicardial fat favors a proinflammatory state. Ventricular asynchrony is a marker of heart failure progression and has been poorly studied in EwO. The objective was evaluate the relation between epicardial fat, body mass index (BMI) and mechanical synchrony measured by echocardiography, in healthy individuals with EwO. Methods We included 55 healthy individuals between the ages of 18 and 35, 17 had a BMI < 25 kg/m2 (30.9%) and 38 had a BMI > 25 kg/m2 (EwO group) (69.09%), anthropometric measurements, transthoracic echocardiogram and synchrony evaluation were obtained. Results Left atrial volume, telediastolic and telesystolic left ventricular volumes and the baseline volume of the right ventricle were greater in the EwO group (20 mL/m2 vs. 15 mL/m2, p = 0.001; 106 mL vs. 82 mL, p = 0.0149 vs. 32 mL, p = 0.001 and 34 mm vs. 31 mm, p = 0.02, respectively). The Yu index also correlated with epicardial fat, r = 0.53, p < 0.01, whereby the greater the amount of epicardial fat, the greater the dispersion timing of ventricular activation. The systolic synchrony index also correlated with the BMI, p = 0.01. Conclusion Mechanical intraventricular asynchrony is associated to EwO and the amount of epicardial fat; hence, asynchrony may be one more factor leading to heart failure in EwO individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nydia Ávila-Vanzzini
- Department of Echocardiography, "Ignacio Chávez" National Cardiology Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
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Scridon A, Dobreanu D, Chevalier P, Şerban RC. Inflammation, a link between obesity and atrial fibrillation. Inflamm Res 2015; 64:383-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Park YM, Park HC, Ban JE, Choi JI, Lim HE, Park SW, Kim YH. Interatrial septal thickness is associated with the extent of left atrial complex fractionated atrial electrograms and acute procedural outcome in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Europace 2015; 17:1700-7. [PMID: 25736723 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euu403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The interatrial septal thickness (IAST) reflects the changes of the atrial wall in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) were consistently positioned on the interatrial septum, especially in the remodelled left atrium (LA). We sought to characterize the relationship between IAST and LA CFAE area, as well as the acute procedural and clinical outcomes of catheter ablation in persistent AF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS This study included 71 patients who underwent catheter ablation for drug-refractory persistent AF. A stepwise ablation approach included circumferential pulmonary vein isolation followed by LA and right atrial CFAE-guided ablation. Interatrial septal thickness was measured 1 cm inferior to the fossa ovalis on cardiac computed tomography (CT). The extent of LA CFAEs was assessed by CFAE area and index (CFAE area/LA surface area × 100). Patients were grouped into tertiles according to the value of IAST. The mean IAST of the first, second, and third tertile was 4.69 ± 0.79, 6.44 ± 0.45, and 9.12 ± 1.42 mm, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean CFAE areas (5.6 ± 6.9, 18.5 ± 20.3, and 24.3 ± 26.6 mm(2), P = 0.005) and CFAE indexes (3.1 ± 4.2, 9.2 ± 10.7, and 11.8 ± 15.3, P = 0.025) in LA were significantly different among the three groups. More patients in the highest IAST tertile did not terminate AF during catheter ablation (12.5% vs. 26.1% vs. 37.5%, P = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Interatrial septal thickness measured by cardiac CT is associated with the extent of CFAE area within the LA and is related to acute procedural success of catheter ablation. These findings suggest that IAST reflects the degree of atrial substrate and remodelling in patients with persistent AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yae Min Park
- Division of Cardiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, 126-1 Anam-Dong 5Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, South Korea
| | - Hwan Cheol Park
- Division of Cardiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, 126-1 Anam-Dong 5Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, South Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Ban
- Division of Cardiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, 126-1 Anam-Dong 5Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, South Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, 126-1 Anam-Dong 5Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, South Korea
| | - Hong Euy Lim
- Division of Cardiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, 126-1 Anam-Dong 5Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, South Korea
| | - Sang Weon Park
- Division of Cardiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, 126-1 Anam-Dong 5Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, South Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Anam Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, 126-1 Anam-Dong 5Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-705, South Korea
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Gonder-Frederick L. Lifestyle modifications in the management of type 1 diabetes: still relevant after all these years? Diabetes Technol Ther 2014; 16:695-8. [PMID: 25265471 PMCID: PMC4201293 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2014.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Gonder-Frederick
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
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Markofski MM, Flynn MG, Carrillo AE, Armstrong CLH, Campbell WW, Sedlock DA. Resistance exercise training-induced decrease in circulating inflammatory CD14+CD16+ monocyte percentage without weight loss in older adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:1737-48. [PMID: 24832193 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-2902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise training reduces systemic inflammation in weight-stable people, but concurrent diet-induced body weight loss is not well studied. We hypothesized that resistance training would decrease inflammatory monocyte percentage and improve biomarkers associated with disease risk, independent of weight loss. METHODS Forty physically inactive (PI) subjects (58.0 ± 5.7 years; BMI 30.1 ± 4.3 kg m(-2)) completed baseline testing, and 26 of these subjects completed 12-week of resistance training exercises while consuming either their usual, weight-maintenance diet (RE, n = 14) or an energy-restricted diet (RE-ER, n = 12). Nine physically active (PA) subjects served as a comparison group (60.1 ± 6.1 years; BMI 25.8 ± 3.1 kg m(-2)). RESULTS At baseline, circulating CD14+CD16+ monocyte percentage, C-reactive protein, and cholesterol were higher in PI vs. PA. Post-intervention, RE subjects had a ~35 % decrease in circulating CD14+CD16+, and a lower LPS-stimulated TNFα and IL-6 production, while RE-ER subjects had lower cholesterol than RE. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that resistance training is an effective means for older, overweight adults to reduce systemic inflammation. The unexpected lack of response with concurrent energy restriction underscores the need for further research on the use of resistance training and diet to reduce inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Markofski
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University St., Galveston, TX, 77555-0177, USA,
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Yamaguchi T, Kitamori K, Ichihara G, Suzuki Y, Ochiai M, Yamada Y, Tada-Oikawa S, Tsuchikura S, Yamori Y, Ichihara S. Serial changes in adipocytokines and cardiac function in a rat model of the metabolic syndrome. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 40:443-8. [PMID: 23659633 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with high chronic cardiac workload due to the need to supply more blood to peripheral tissue, and frequently leads to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. The present study examined serial changes in cardiac function in the SHR/NDmcr-cp (SHR/cp) strain, an experimental model of obesity plus hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to define cardiac dimensions and function in male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR/lean), SHR/cp and Wistar-Kyoto rats. We also assessed age-related changes in plasma and LV adipocytokine levels in this model. Although there were no significant differences in LV end-diastolic diameter and end-systolic diameter among the three rat strains until 24 weeks of age, these parameters were significantly higher and LV fractional shortening (%FS) was significantly lower in SHR/cp compared with SHR/lean at 32 weeks of age. At the same age, pronounced interstitial fibrosis and infiltration of macrophages and T lymphocytes into the LV was noted in SHR/cp relative to the other strains. In the myocardium, adiponectin levels were significantly lower and resistin levels and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6) were significantly higher in SHR/cp than SHR/lean at 32 weeks of age. Using echocardiography, we demonstrated reduced systolic function in 32-week-old SHR/cp. Changes in myocardial cytokine concentrations could be involved in worsening of cardiac function in our animal model of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Yamaguchi
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Life Science Research Center, Tsu, Japan
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Shimony A, Afilalo J, Flynn AW, Langleben D, Agnihotri AK, Morin JF, Shahian DM, Picard MH, Rudski LG. Usefulness of right ventricular dysfunction to predict new-onset atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 2014; 113:913-8. [PMID: 24440329 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) is a serious yet common complication after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Risk factors for postoperative AF have been identified, including echocardiographic parameters, and these are relied on to implement preventative strategies that reduce the incidence of AF. There has yet to be a study examining the impact of echocardiographic right-sided cardiac parameters on the prediction of postoperative AF. Thus, a panel of right-sided cardiac parameters was measured in a cohort of patients undergoing isolated CABG surgery, excluding those who did not have echocardiographic assessment within 30 days before surgery and those with any history of AF. The primary outcome was postoperative AF defined as any episode of AF requiring treatment during the index hospitalization. Postoperative AF occurred in 197 of 768 patients (25.6%); these were older and more likely to have hypertension and chronic kidney disease. After adjustment for clinical and echocardiographic variables, left atrial volume index ≥34 ml/m(2) (odds ratio [OR] 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36 to 2.87), abnormal right ventricular myocardial performance index (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.24), and advancing age (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.07) were found to be independent predictors of postoperative AF. In conclusion, right ventricular myocardial performance index is a novel predictor of postoperative AF in patients undergoing isolated CABG surgery and appears to be additive to established risk factors such as age and left atrial volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Shimony
- Division of Cardiology, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Afilalo
- Division of Cardiology, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aidan W Flynn
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Langleben
- Division of Cardiology, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arvin K Agnihotri
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jean-Francois Morin
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David M Shahian
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery and Center for Quality and Safety, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael H Picard
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lawrence G Rudski
- Division of Cardiology, Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Chang J, Oikawa S, Iwahashi H, Kitagawa E, Takeuchi I, Yuda M, Aoki C, Yamada Y, Ichihara G, Kato M, Ichihara S. Expression of proteins associated with adipocyte lipolysis was significantly changed in the adipose tissues of the obese spontaneously hypertensive/NDmcr-cp rat. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:8. [PMID: 24468282 PMCID: PMC3937142 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of the metabolic syndrome is complex, and is determined by the interplay of both genetic and environmental factors. The present study was designed to identify genes and proteins in the adipose tissues with altered expression in the spontaneously hypertensive/NIH -corpulent rat, SHR/NDmcr-cp (CP) and to find possible molecular targets associated with the pathogenesis or progression of obesity related to the metabolic syndrome. METHODS We extracted RNAs and proteins from the epididymal adipose tissues in CP, SHR/Lean (Lean), and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats and performed microarray analysis and two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) linked to a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). RESULTS The results showed different mRNA and protein expression levels in the adipose tissue: oligo DNA microarray identified 33 genes that were significantly (P < 0.01) up-regulated and 17 genes significantly down-regulated in CP compared with WKY and Lean rats at both 6 and 25 weeks of age. The affected genes-proteins were associated with lipolytic enzymes stimulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling. Further analysis using the 2D-DIGE connected with MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis, the expression of monoglyceride lipase (MGLL) was significantly up-regulated and that of carboxylesterase 3 (CES3) was significantly down-regulated in 6- and 25-week-old CP compared with age-matched control (WKY and Lean rats). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the possible involvement of proteins associated with adipocyte lipolysis in obesity related to the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chang
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Oikawa
- Department of Molecular and Environmental Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iwahashi
- Health Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
- Present address: Graduate School of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Emiko Kitagawa
- Health Technology Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
- Present address: Applied Science, Roche Diagnostics, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Department of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masao Yuda
- Department of Medical Zoology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Chieko Aoki
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Life Science Research Center, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Yamada
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Life Science Research Center, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Gaku Ichihara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Kato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Life Science Research Center, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
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Obesity and the Endometrium: Adipocyte-Secreted Proinflammatory TNF α Cytokine Enhances the Proliferation of Human Endometrial Glandular Cells. Obstet Gynecol Int 2013; 2013:368543. [PMID: 24288542 PMCID: PMC3832969 DOI: 10.1155/2013/368543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a state of chronic inflammation, is associated with poor fertility and low implantation rates and is a well-documented risk factor for endometrial cancer. Adipokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, play an important role in initiation of endometrial cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate in vitro effects of human adipocyte cells (SW872) on growth of endometrial glandular epithelial cells (EGE). Methods. We measured cell proliferation and expression of cell-growth proteins—proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase-1, and apoptotic markers (BCL-2 and BAK) in human EGE cells cocultured with SW872 cells. EGE cells were also evaluated in SW872-conditioned media neutralized with anti-TNFα antibody. Results. A significant increase in EGE cell proliferation was observed in both SW872-conditioned media and in coculture (P < 0.05). We observed an upregulation of proliferation markers PCNA, cyclin D1, CDK-1, and BCL-2 and decrease in BAK (P < 0.05). Neutralization of SW872-conditioned media using anti-TNFα antibodies reversed EGE cell proliferation as indicated by BCL-2 expression. Conclusions. Adipocytes have potent proliferative paracrine effect on EGE cells which may be, in part, mediated via TNFα. Further understanding of the role of obesity in endometrial carcinogenesis should lead to better preventative and therapeutic strategies.
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Saito T, Asai K, Sato S, Takagi G, Takano H, Takahashi H, Yasutake M, Mizuno K. Myocardial alterations and clinical implications associated with recovery of cardiac function in dilated cardiomyopathy with obesity. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:144-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schwartz SS. A practice-based approach to the 2012 position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin 2013; 29:793-9. [PMID: 23614630 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2013.798637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The position statement on the management of hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus issued in 2012 by the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes contains significant improvements over the 2009 version, including an emphasis on patient-centered care, enhanced strategies for lifestyle modification, a focus on comprehensive cardiovascular risk reduction, and increased pharmacotherapy choices. As diabetes management evolves over time, further improvements may be made in future consensus statements, including a focus on prevention and early treatment and improved glycemic control in all patients, including those with comorbidities. These goals will be achievable by waning use of therapies known to cause hypoglycemia and weight gain and the increased use of therapies that do not carry these risks.
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Ko IG, Choi PB. Regular exercise modulates obesity factors and body composition in sturdy men. J Exerc Rehabil 2013; 9:256-62. [PMID: 24278869 PMCID: PMC3836525 DOI: 10.12965/jer.130008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find the change and correlation between obesity factors and body composition according to regular exercise. Thirty-six sturdy men at twenty years old in 'K' university students were participated in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups (n= 18 in each group): control group and regular exercise group. Exercise program composed of three programs: warm-up (10 min), work-out (30-60 min), cool-down (10 min), and categorized by five days per week for eight weeks. Aerobic exercise using a treadmill at 60% of heart rate reserve was performed, and weight training was composed of nine different exercises for the large muscles. Before the performing regular exercise, there was no significant difference between control and regular exercise groups. In the present results, 8 weeks regular exercise significantly decreased leptin, weight, fat mass, % fat, waist to hip ratio (WHR), and body mass index (BMI) more than compared to before performing regular exercise, whereas significantly enhanced lean mass more than compared to before performing regular exercise. Furthermore, regular exercise group reduced leptin, weight, fat mass, % fat, WHR, and BMI compared to control group in the post test. In the correlation of obesity-related factors and body composition, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) showed correlation with weight, lean mass, and fat mass after performing regular exercise. Here in this study, we suggest that regular exercise is a valuable tool for the improvement of health in the sturdy men, because regular exercise suppresses body fat and obesity-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pil-Byung Choi
- Department of Leisure Sports & Recreation, Human Development, Yeonsung University, Anyang, Korea
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Fisher G, Hyatt TC, Hunter GR, Oster RA, Desmond RA, Gower BA. Markers of inflammation and fat distribution following weight loss in African-American and white women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:715-20. [PMID: 21527894 PMCID: PMC3687549 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Changes in markers of inflammation (MOI) and fat distribution with weight loss between African-American (AA) and white (W) women have yet to be characterized. The purpose of this study was to examine potential ethnic differences in MOI and regional fat distribution with weight loss, and identify the associations between these markers and changes in regional fat distribution with weight loss among AA and W women. Subjects were 126 healthy, premenopausal women, BMI 27-30 kg/m(2). They were placed on a weight-loss intervention consisting of diet and/or exercise until a BMI <25 was achieved. Fat distribution was measured with computed tomography, and body composition with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble TNF receptor-I (sTNFR-I), sTNFR-II, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were assessed. All MOI and adiposity measures significantly decreased with weight loss. Significant ethnic differences with weight loss were observed for fat mass, body fat, intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT), sTNFR-I, and sTNFR-II. Mixed-model analysis indicated that adjusting for change in IAAT explained ethnic differences in change in TNF-α and the decrease in TNF-α with weight loss, while total fat mass only explained the decrease in sTNFR-I and sTNFR-II with weight loss. In conclusion, all MOI decreased following weight loss among W, whereas only IL-6 and CRP decreased following weight loss in AA. The most distinct phenotypic difference observed was a greater impact of weight loss on TNF-α in W compared to AA, which was directly associated with IAAT in W.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Fisher
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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Nair S, Al-Hendy A. Adipocytes enhance the proliferation of human leiomyoma cells via TNF-α proinflammatory cytokine. Reprod Sci 2012; 18:1186-92. [PMID: 22096007 DOI: 10.1177/1933719111408111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a well-documented risk factor for uterine leiomyoma with a major impact on women health and health care system of the nation. Obesity is associated with increased secretion of adipokines that significantly influence growth and proliferation of tumor stroma and malignant cells. Adipokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), are produced in the adipose tissue with concomitant expression in other organs and tissues. Increased and sustained cytokine production is associated with alterations in cell growth and differentiation. We, therefore, explored the influence of human adipocytes (SW872 cells)-mediated biological humoral factors on human uterine leiomyoma (HuLM) cells. METHODS We measured cell proliferation and expression of cell-proliferating proteins (proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA], cyclin D1, and B-cell lymphoma 2 [BCL-2]) in human leiomyoma cells cocultured with SW872 cells. SW872-conditioned media was neutralized for TNF-α and proliferation of HuLM cells was observed along with antiapoptotic marker, BCL-2, using Western immunoblot. RESULTS We found that both SW872-conditioned media and coculture with SW872 cells increased HuLM cell proliferation significantly (P < .05). We determined that this effect was associated with the upregulation of specific markers for proliferation, such as PCNA, cyclin D1, and BCL-2 (P < .05). Furthermore, the addition of neutralizing antibodies, anti-TNF-α, to SW872-conditioned media reversed the proliferation of leiomyoma cells and induced apoptosis as indicated by the reduced expression of antiapoptotic marker BCL-2. CONCLUSIONS SW872 cells secrete TNF-α, which is associated with a proliferative gene profile in HuLM cells and may play a role in initiation and/or progression of uterine leiomyoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Nair
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Women's Health Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
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Schuster I, Vinet A, Karpoff L, Startun A, Jourdan N, Dauzat M, Nottin S, Perez-Martin A. Diastolic dysfunction and intraventricular dyssynchrony are restored by low intensity exercise training in obese men. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:134-40. [PMID: 21869756 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a low-intensity training program on subclinical cardiac dysfunction and on dyssynchrony in moderately obese middle aged men. Ten obese and 14 age-matched normal-weight men (BMI: 33.6 ± 1.0 and 24.2 ± 0.5 kg/m(2)) were included. Obese men participated in an 8-week low-intensity training program without concomitant diet. Cardiac function and myocardial synchrony were assessed by echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). At baseline, obese men showed diastolic dysfunction on standard echocardiography, lower strain values (systolic strain: 15.9 ± 0.9 vs. 18.8 ± 0.3%, diastolic strain rate: 0.81 ± 0.09 vs. 1.05 ± 0.06 s(-1)), and significant intraventricular dyssynchrony (systolic: 13.3 ± 2.1 vs. 5.4 ± 2.1 ms, diastolic: 17.4 ± 3.2 vs. 9.1 ± 2.1 ms) (P < 0.05 vs. controls for all variables). Training improved aerobic fitness, decreased systolic blood pressure and heart rate, and reduced fat mass without weight loss. Diastolic function, strain values (systolic strain: 17.4 ± 0.9%, diastolic strain rate: 0.96 ± 0.12 s(-1)) and intraventricular dyssynchrony (systolic: 3.3 ± 1.7 ms, diastolic: 5.5 ± 3.4 ms) improved significantly after training (P < 0.05 vs. baseline values for all variables), reaching levels similar to those of normal-weight men. In conclusion, in obese men, a short and easy-to-perform low intensity training program restored diastolic function and cardiac synchrony and improved body composition without weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Schuster
- EA2992 Dysfunction of Vascular Interfaces Laboratory, Montpellier I University, Montpellier - Nimes Faculty of Medicine, Nimes, France
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Weight cycling is associated with body weight excess and abdominal fat accumulation: A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr 2011; 30:718-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Agarwal D, Welsch MA, Keller JN, Francis J. Chronic exercise modulates RAS components and improves balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the brain of SHR. Basic Res Cardiol 2011; 106:1069-85. [PMID: 22124756 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, exercise has been recommended as a part of lifestyle modification for all hypertensive patients; however, the precise mechanisms of its effects on hypertension are largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanisms within the brain that can influence exercise-induced effects in an animal model of human essential hypertension. Young normotensive WKY rats and SHR were given moderate-intensity exercise for 16 weeks. Blood pressure was measured bi-weekly by tail-cuff method. Animals were then euthanized; paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), important cardiovascular regulatory centers in the brain, were collected and analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, EIA, and fluorescent microscopy. Exercise of 16-week duration attenuated systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure in SHR. Sedentary SHR exhibited increased pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels in the PVN and RVLM. Furthermore, SHR(sed) rats exhibited elevated levels of ACE, AT1R, and decreased levels of ACE2 and receptor Mas in the PVN and RVLM. Chronic exercise not only prevented the increase in PICs (TNF-α, IL-1β), ACE, and AT1R protein expression in the brain of SHR, but also dramatically upregulated IL-10, ACE2, and Mas receptor expression in SHR. In addition, these changes were associated with reduced plasma AngII levels, reduced neuronal activity, reduced NADPH-oxidase subunit gp91(phox) and inducible NO synthase in trained SHRs indicating reduced oxidative stress. These results suggest that chronic exercise not only attenuates PICs and the vasoconstrictor axis of the RAS but also improves the anti-inflammatory defense mechanisms and vasoprotective axis of the RAS in the brain, which, at least in part, explains the blood pressure-lowering effects of exercise in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepmala Agarwal
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, 1909 Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Chahal H, McClelland RL, Tandri H, Jain A, Turkbey EB, Hundley WG, Barr RG, Kizer J, Lima JAC, Bluemke DA, Kawut SM. Obesity and right ventricular structure and function: the MESA-Right Ventricle Study. Chest 2011; 141:388-395. [PMID: 21868467 DOI: 10.1378/chest.11-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between obesity and right ventricular (RV) morphology is not well studied. We aimed to determine the association between obesity and RV structure and function in a large multiethnic population-based cohort. METHODS The MESA-Right Ventricle Study measured RV mass and volumes by cardiac MRI in participants aged 45 to 84 years without clinical cardiovascular disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Participants were divided into three categories based on BMI: lean ( ≤ 24.9 kg/m(2)), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m(2)), and obese ( ≥ 30 kg/m(2)). RESULTS The study sample included 4,127 participants. After adjustment for demographics, height, education, and cardiovascular risk factors, overweight and obese participants had greater RV mass (6% and 9% greater, respectively), larger RV end-diastolic volume (8% and 18% greater, respectively), larger RV stroke volume (7% and 16% greater, respectively), and lower RV ejection fraction ( ≥ 1% lower) than lean participants (all P < .001). These findings persisted after adjusting for the respective left ventricular (LV) parameters. CONCLUSIONS Overweight and obesity were independently associated with differences in RV morphology even after adjustment for the respective LV measure. This association could be explained by increased RV afterload, increased blood volume, hormonal effects, or direct obesity-related myocardial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjit Chahal
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Harikrishna Tandri
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aditya Jain
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Evrim B Turkbey
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD
| | - W Gregory Hundley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Jorge Kizer
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - João A C Lima
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - David A Bluemke
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD
| | - Steven M Kawut
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
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Purushottam B, Parameswaran AC, Figueredo VM. Dyssynchrony in Obese Subjects without a History of Cardiac Disease Using Velocity Vector Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2011; 24:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Benatti FB, Lira FS, Oyama LM, do Nascimento CMDPO, Lancha AH. Strategies for reducing body fat mass: effects of liposuction and exercise on cardiovascular risk factors and adiposity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2011; 4:141-54. [PMID: 21779146 PMCID: PMC3138146 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposuction is the most popular aesthetic surgery performed in Brazil and worldwide. Evidence showing that adipose tissue is a metabolically active tissue has led to the suggestion that liposuction could be a viable method for improving metabolic profile through the immediate loss of adipose tissue. However, the immediate liposuction-induced increase in the proportion of visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue could be detrimental to metabolism, because a high proportion of visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The results of studies investigating the effects of liposuction on the metabolic profile are inconsistent, however, with most studies reporting either no change or improvements in one or more cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, animal studies have demonstrated a compensatory growth of intact adipose tissue in response to lipectomy, although studies with humans have reported inconsistent results. Exercise training improves insulin sensitivity, inflammatory balance, lipid oxidation, and adipose tissue distribution; increases or preserves the fat-free mass; and increases total energy expenditure. Thus, liposuction and exercise appear to directly affect metabolism in similar ways, which suggests a possible interaction between these two strategies. To our knowledge, no studies have reported the associated effects of liposuction and exercise in humans. Nonetheless, one could suggest that exercise training associated with liposuction could attenuate or even block the possible compensatory fat deposition in intact depots or regrowth of the fat mass and exert an additive or even a synergistic effect to liposuction on improving insulin sensitivity and the inflammatory balance, resulting in an improvement of cardiovascular risk factors. Consequently, one could suggest that liposuction and exercise appear to be safe and effective strategies for either the treatment of metabolic disorders or aesthetic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Braga Benatti
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: Fabiana Braga Benatti, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 65, CEP 05508-030, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil, Tel +55 11 3091 3096, Fax +55 11 3813 5921, Email
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Department of Physiology, Division of Nutrition Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Reed JL, De Souza MJ, Williams NI. Effects of exercise combined with caloric restriction on inflammatory cytokines. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010; 35:573-82. [DOI: 10.1139/h10-046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and diabetes, as well as certain types of cancers. It has been suggested that circulating biomarkers for inflammation may be modified by exercise; however, few laboratory-based studies have been conducted in nonobese premenopausal women. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of a 4-month exercise training and caloric-restriction intervention with the goal of weight loss on circulating biomarkers of inflammation in sedentary premenopausal women aged 25–40 years (weight, 57 ± 2 kg). Subjects were studied for 6 consecutive menstrual cycles: 1 Screening, 1 Baseline, then 4 interventions (Interventions 1–4). Supervised aerobic training, consisting primarily of treadmill running and elliptical machine exercise, was performed 4 times per week for 40–90 min at 79% ± 0.7% of maximal heart rate. Subjects also consumed 30% fewer calories vs. baseline (1863 ± 58 to 1428 ± 53 kcal·day–1 (1 kcal = 4.186 kJ), p < 0.0001). Circulating inflammatory biomarkers, including adiponectin, high-sensitivity (hs) C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and leptin, as well as body composition, aerobic capacity, and energy balance, were measured before and after the intervention. Maximal aerobic capacity increased by 8.5 ± 1.7 mL·kg–1·min–1 (p < 0.001) and body mass declined by an average of 3.7 ± 0.5 kg (p < 0.001). Significant reductions in IL-6 (0.39 ± 0.04 to 0.30 ± 0.03 pg·mL–1, p = 0.025), IFN-γ (0.58 ± 0.83 to 0.42 ± 0.64 pg·mL–1, p = 0.030), and leptin (13.18 ± 1.28 to 6.28 ± 0.71 pg·mL–1, p < 0.001) were detected in response to the intervention. No significant changes in adiponectin, hs-CRP, or TNF-α were found. Weight loss in response to exercise training and caloric restriction is effective in reducing inflammatory markers, specifically IL-6 and leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Reed
- Department of Kinesiology, Women’s Health and Exercise Laboratory, Noll Laboratories, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Mary Jane De Souza
- Department of Kinesiology, Women’s Health and Exercise Laboratory, Noll Laboratories, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nancy I. Williams
- Department of Kinesiology, Women’s Health and Exercise Laboratory, Noll Laboratories, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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