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Hoffmann M, Schmeiser F, Donmez MB, Meinen J, Stawarczyk B. Surface Modification of Feldspathic Ceramic Used for Minimally Invasive Restorations: Effect of Airborne Particle Type on the Surface Properties and Biaxial Flexural Strength. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3777. [PMID: 39124441 PMCID: PMC11312512 DOI: 10.3390/ma17153777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of airborne particle abrasion with different particles on the surface free energy, roughness, and biaxial flexural strength of a feldspathic ceramic by comparing it with hydrofluoric acid etching, the standard surface treatment, and polishing. Square-shaped feldspathic ceramic specimens (12 mm × 12 mm × 1.2 mm) were divided into subgroups as airborne particles abraded with alumina (AO3a, AO3b, AO25, AO50a, AO50b, AO90, AO110a, AO110b, AO120a, and AO120b), silica (SO50a, SO50b, SO100, and SO100/200), or nutshell granule (NS100/200), hydrofluoric acid etched, and polished (n = 12). Surface free energy (n = 5), roughness (n = 5), biaxial flexural strength (n = 12), and Weibull moduli (n = 12) were investigated. Data were evaluated with 1-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests, and possible correlations were investigated with Pearson's correlation (α = 0.05). SO100/200 mostly had lower surface free energy (p ≤ 0.011), and polishing and etching led to higher surface free energy than AO3a, AO3b, and AO120a (p ≤ 0.031). Polished, SO100, and SO50b specimens mostly had lower roughness and AO125 had the highest roughness (p ≤ 0.029). SO100/200 mostly had lower biaxial flexural strength (p ≤ 0.041), and etched specimens had higher biaxial flexural strength than AO120a, AO120b, and SO50b (p ≤ 0.043). AO3b had the highest (33.56) and AO120b had the lowest (11.8) Weibull modulus. There was a weak positive correlation between the surface free energy and the biaxial flexural strength (r = 0.267, p = 0.011). A larger particle size mostly resulted in higher roughness, which was also affected by the particle shape. Most of the test groups had similar biaxial flexural strength to that of the hydrofluoric acid-etched group. Therefore, for tested feldspathic ceramic, airborne particle abrasion with tested parameters may be a suitable alternative without causing any further damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Hoffmann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany; (M.H.); (F.S.); (J.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Felix Schmeiser
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany; (M.H.); (F.S.); (J.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Mustafa Borga Donmez
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Biruni University, 34015 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - John Meinen
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany; (M.H.); (F.S.); (J.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Bogna Stawarczyk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany; (M.H.); (F.S.); (J.M.); (B.S.)
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Lührs A, Brachmann C, Jacker‐Guhr S. Dentin contamination during repair procedures: A threat to universal adhesives? Clin Exp Dent Res 2022. [PMCID: PMC9209802 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study examined the influence of surface contamination during repair procedures with hydrofluoric acid, silane, or ammonium polyfluoride on the bond strength of universal adhesives to dentin using different etching modes before and after thermocycling. Materials and Methods Dentin surfaces of human molars were contaminated in different ways (silane, hydrofluoric acid, ammonium polyfluoride, and no pretreatment as control) followed by application of a universal adhesive (etch & rinse or self‐etch mode). After a composite build‐up was placed onto each tooth, sticks for the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) test were sectioned. Half of the sticks were tested after water storage for 24 h, the other half after thermocycling (15,000 cycles, 5/55°C). The MTBS data were analyzed statistically by using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, one‐way analysis of variance, and Tukey HSD test (p < 0.05). The fracture patterns of all specimens were evaluated and analyzed using a χ2 test. Results Dentin contamination with a multifunctional silane does not influence microtensile bond strength irrespective of aging. Contamination with hydrofluoric acid or an ammonium polyfluoride primer leads to a significantly lower bond strength after aging, irrespective of the etch mode. Conclusion Dentin contamination with hydrofluoric acid or ammonium polyfluorides during repair procedures should be avoided, as they appear to decrease the bond strength of universal adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne‐Katrin Lührs
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Cosima Brachmann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Research Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Silke Jacker‐Guhr
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
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Kanzow P, Piecha L, Biermann J, Wiegand A. Repair Surface Conditioning Measures Affect Enamel and Dentin Bond Strength. Oper Dent 2020; 45:643-654. [PMID: 32516373 DOI: 10.2341/19-270-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Contamination of enamel and dentin with repair surface conditioning measures should be avoided. SUMMARY Objectives: To analyze whether the contamination with different repair conditioning measures impairs the adhesive performance of a universal adhesive applied in etch-and-rinse mode (ER) or self-etch mode (SE).Methods and Materials: Bovine enamel and dentin surfaces (each subgroup n=16) were bonded with a universal adhesive in ER or SE after contamination with different repair conditioning measures (sandblasting, silica coating, hydrofluoric acid etching, self-etching ceramic primer). In half of the groups, sand-blasting, silica coating, and hydrofluoric acid etching was followed by the use of a universal primer. If the universal adhesive was applied in ER, contamination was performed either before or after phosphoric acid etching. If the universal adhesive was applied in SE, bonding was performed after contamination. In the control groups, no contamination was simulated. Shear bond strength (SBS) and failure modes of composite buildups were determined after thermal cycling (10,000 cycles, 5°C-55°C). Statistical analysis was performed using analyses of variance, Weibull statistics, and χ2 tests (p<0.05).Results: In ER, sandblasting and silica coating significantly reduced SBS (control: enamel =25.7±4.2 MPa; dentin = 22.0±5.3 MPa) only when performed after phosphoric acid etching. Contamination with hydrofluoric acid impaired SBS on enamel but not on dentin. The self-etching ceramic primer reduced SBS, but not significantly. The contamination with the universal primer had no significant effect. In SE, all repair conditioning measures except the universal primer reduced SBS (control: enamel = 20.3±5.5 MPa; dentin = 23.0±4.0 MPa).Conclusion: Contamination of enamel and dentin by repair conditioning measures potentially affects bond strength.
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Cleaning and Conditioning of Contaminated Core Build-Up Material before Adhesive Bonding. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13122880. [PMID: 32604963 PMCID: PMC7344432 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different cleaning and conditioning procedures after contamination on the tensile bond strength (TBS) of a luting resin to a core build-up composite resin. Specimens (n = 384) made of a core build-up material were stored for 3 weeks in 37 °C water. Half of the specimens were contaminated with saliva and a disclosing silicone and then cleaned either using phosphoric acid, a pumice suspension, air-abrasion with alumina or polishing powder. Surface conditioning was performed by either using a dentin adhesive, a silane containing primer or a composite resin primer, which resulted in 24 unique combinations of 16 specimens per group. Before measuring TBS, half of the specimens of each group were stored in 37 °C water for 3d or were artificially aged for 150 days. Results show that cleaning with pumice or air-abrasion are superior methods compared to using a polishing powder or phosphoric acid. Silane is an inferior conditioning agent compared to composite or dentin primers. Ideally, after contamination, bonding surfaces should be cleaned with a pumice suspension and conditioned with a dentin adhesive. Those surfaces could also be cleaned and conditioned with air-abrasion with alumina particles and a composite resin primer.
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Bühler J, Naef MA, Amato M, Krastl G, Weiger R, Zitzmann NU. Partial Ceramic Crowns Prepared by Dental Students: Clinical Performance Up to Five Years. J Dent Educ 2017; 81:732-743. [PMID: 28572420 DOI: 10.21815/jde.016.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Partial ceramic crowns (PCCs) are an accepted treatment option for the restoration of posterior teeth with deficient tooth substance. Data on the survival of PCCs fabricated by dental students are scarce. The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to investigate the clinical performance and longevity of PCCs placed by dental students in the last year of their training program at the University of Basel, Switzerland. Eighty-eight patients who had received at least one PCC (n=108) in the program were considered for clinical assessment; their records were analyzed to detect previous complications or failures; and they were contacted by telephone. Criteria regarding aesthetic, functional, and biological aspects were rated with a scoring system from 1=clinically excellent to 5=clinically poor. The response rate was 66.3% (55 of 83 included patients), and 72.2% (n=78) of the PCCs were included in the analysis. Five PCCs had been lost within ten to 78 months after treatment. Six PCCs were recorded as failures (score 5), and ten received clinically unsatisfactory gradings (score 4). The risk of a clinically poor outcome was 14% after five years (86% survival), while the overall success rate was 63.5%. These results suggest that the clinical procedure of PCCs was successfully implemented by these students with satisfactory clinical survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bühler
- Dr. Bühler and Ms. Naef contributed equally to this work. Dr. Bühler is Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland; Ms. Naef is completing her doctoral thesis and is in private practice in Langenthal, Switzerland; Dr. Amato is Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland; Prof. Krastl is Chair, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Würzburg, Germany; Prof. Weiger is Chair, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland; and Prof. Zitzmann is Vice-Chair, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marina Alena Naef
- Dr. Bühler and Ms. Naef contributed equally to this work. Dr. Bühler is Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland; Ms. Naef is completing her doctoral thesis and is in private practice in Langenthal, Switzerland; Dr. Amato is Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland; Prof. Krastl is Chair, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Würzburg, Germany; Prof. Weiger is Chair, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland; and Prof. Zitzmann is Vice-Chair, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Amato
- Dr. Bühler and Ms. Naef contributed equally to this work. Dr. Bühler is Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland; Ms. Naef is completing her doctoral thesis and is in private practice in Langenthal, Switzerland; Dr. Amato is Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland; Prof. Krastl is Chair, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Würzburg, Germany; Prof. Weiger is Chair, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland; and Prof. Zitzmann is Vice-Chair, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Krastl
- Dr. Bühler and Ms. Naef contributed equally to this work. Dr. Bühler is Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland; Ms. Naef is completing her doctoral thesis and is in private practice in Langenthal, Switzerland; Dr. Amato is Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland; Prof. Krastl is Chair, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Würzburg, Germany; Prof. Weiger is Chair, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland; and Prof. Zitzmann is Vice-Chair, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Weiger
- Dr. Bühler and Ms. Naef contributed equally to this work. Dr. Bühler is Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland; Ms. Naef is completing her doctoral thesis and is in private practice in Langenthal, Switzerland; Dr. Amato is Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland; Prof. Krastl is Chair, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Würzburg, Germany; Prof. Weiger is Chair, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland; and Prof. Zitzmann is Vice-Chair, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Ursula Zitzmann
- Dr. Bühler and Ms. Naef contributed equally to this work. Dr. Bühler is Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland; Ms. Naef is completing her doctoral thesis and is in private practice in Langenthal, Switzerland; Dr. Amato is Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland; Prof. Krastl is Chair, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Würzburg, Germany; Prof. Weiger is Chair, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland; and Prof. Zitzmann is Vice-Chair, Department of Periodontology, Endodontology, and Cariology, University of Basel, Switzerland.
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Effect of silane contamination on dentin bond strength. J Prosthet Dent 2017; 117:438-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Loomans BAC, Özcan M. Intraoral Repair of Direct and Indirect Restorations: Procedures and Guidelines. Oper Dent 2016; 41:S68-S78. [DOI: 10.2341/15-269-lit] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The service life of defective direct or indirect restorations could be prolonged by repair or relayering actions where durable adhesion of resin-based composite materials is established for longevity of repairs. The advances in adhesive technologies have introduced several surface conditioning concepts to adhere resin composites onto different restorative materials. The purpose of this report is to summarize reasons for failure, survival of repaired reconstructions, elaborate upon types and mechanisms of available surface conditioning methods, and present operative dentists with practical guidelines for intraoral repair procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- BAC Loomans
- Bas A.C. Loomans, DDS, PhD, Department of Dentistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M Özcan
- Mutlu Özcan, Dr med dent, PhD, Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Intraoral treatment of veneering porcelain chipping of fixed dental restorations: a review and clinical application. J Am Dent Assoc 2013; 144:31-44. [PMID: 23283924 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2013.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Every dental ceramic system can experience failure of the veneering porcelain. However, the increasing popularity of all-ceramic crowns and fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) seems to have led to an increasing need to repair chipped veneering porcelain. OBJECTIVES The authors compared different methods to repair fractured ceramic restorations (porcelain-fused-to-metal and all-ceramic) and explain the basic principles of adhesion in these systems. They also evaluated the frequency and causes of failure in dental ceramic systems. METHODS This review is based on the results of PubMed and Google Scholar searches, as well as on a hand search of the scientific literature, resulting in 300 articles from 1977 to 2012. The authors used multiple key words (ceramic, repair, bonding, hydrofluoric acid, air abrasion, silane, phosphates, silicon dioxide) and different strategies (connecting different key words with OR, NOR and AND and truncation of the stem of words) to search the databases. RESULTS Because of differences in the material composition of ceramic systems (composed of metal, alumina or zirconia, glass-ceramics and feldspathic ceramics), different treatments are required for the exposed material surfaces after chipping. Use of hydrofluoric acid etching, air abrasion, tribochemical coating, silanization and metal primers or zirconia primers seem to be the most successful conditioning methods for durable bonding and repair. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Intraoral repair of a restoration offers a satisfying option for the patient when the restoration cannot be removed or replaced. Its success depends largely on the conditioning methods used for the fractured surfaces.
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Özcan M, Pekkan G. Effect of Different Adhesion Strategies on Bond Strength of Resin Composite to Composite-dentin Complex. Oper Dent 2013; 38:63-72. [DOI: 10.2341/11-482-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Service life of discolored and abraded resin composite restorations could be prolonged by repair or relayering actions. Composite-composite adhesion can be achieved successfully using some surface conditioning methods, but the most effective adhesion protocol for relayering is not known when the composite restorations are surrounded with dentin. This study evaluated the effect of three adhesion strategies on the bond strength of resin composite to the composite-dentin complex. Intact maxillary central incisors (N=72, n=8 per subgroup) were collected and the coronal parts of the teeth were embedded in autopolymerized poly(methyl tfr54methacrylate) surrounded by a polyvinyl chloride cylinder. Cylindrical cavities (diameter: 2.6 mm; depth: 2 mm) were opened in the middle of the labial surfaces of the teeth using a standard diamond bur, and the specimens were randomly divided into three groups. Two types of resin composite, namely microhybrid (Quadrant Anterior Shine; AS) and nanohybrid (Grandio; G), were photo-polymerized incrementally in the cavities according to each manufacturer's recommendations. The composite-enamel surfaces were ground finished to 1200-grit silicone carbide paper until the dentin was exposed. The surfaces of the substrate composites and the surrounding dentin were conditioned according to one of the following adhesion protocols: protocol 1: acid-etching (dentin) + silica coating (composite) + silanization (composite) + primer (dentin) + bonding agent (dentin + composite); protocol 2: silica coating (composite) + acid-etching (dentin) + silanization (composite) + primer (dentin) + bonding agent (dentin + composite); and protocol 3: acid-etching (dentin) + primer (dentin) + silanization (composite) + bonding agent (dentin + composite). Applied primer and bonding agents were the corresponding materials of the composite manufacturer. Silica coating (CoJet sand, 30 μm) was achieved using a chairside air-abrasion device (distance: 10 mm; duration: four seconds in circular motion). After conditioning protocols, the repair resin was adhered to the substrate surfaces using transparent polyethylene molds (diameter: 3.6 mm) incrementally and photo-polymerized. The substrate-adherend combinations were as follows: AS-AS, G-G, AS-G. Shear force was applied to the adhesive interface in a Universal Testing Machine (crosshead speed: 1 mm/min). The types of failures were further evaluated and categorized as follows: 1) cohesive in the composite substrate and 2) adhesive at the interface. Bond strength values (MPa) were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and least significant difference post hoc tests (α=0.05). Significant effects of the adhesion strategy (p=0.006) and the composite type (p=0.000) were found. Interaction terms were not significant (p=0.292). Regardless of the substrate-adherend combination, protocol 1 (17–22 MPa) showed significantly higher results than did protocols 2 (15–17 MPa) and 3 (11–17 MPa) (p=0.028, p=0.002, respectively). The highest results were obtained from the G-G combination after all three protocols (17–22 MPa). The incidence of cohesive failures was more common when the substrate and the adherend were the same composite type (AS-AS: 87.5%, 87.5%, 75%; G-G: 100%, 75%, 50% for protocols 1, 2, and 3, respectively). When substrate and adherend were used interchangeably, adhesive failures were more frequent (25%, 50%, and 100% for protocol 1, 2, and 3, respectively). When the substrate and the adherend are of the same type, greater repair strength could be expected. In the repair of composites next to the dentin, depending on the composite type, conditioning the composite with silica coating and silanization after etching the dentin adds to the repair strength compared to the results obtained with silane application only.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Özcan
- Mutlu Özcan, professor, Dr.med.dent., PhD, University of Zürich, Head of Dental Materials Unit, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, Clinic for Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Materials Science, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G Pekkan
- Gurel Pekkan, associate professor, DDS, PhD, Dumlupinar University, Facultyof Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, 43270 Kutahya, Turkey; Oral and Dental Health Center, Cumhuriyet Mahallesi, Haymeana Caddesi, No:26, Kutahya, Turkey
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Opdam NJ, Bronkhorst EM, Loomans BA, Huysmans MCD. Longevity of repaired restorations: A practice based study. J Dent 2012; 40:829-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Donovan TE, Anderson M, Becker W, Cagna DR, Hilton TJ, McKee JR, Metz JE. Annual review of selected scientific literature: Report of the committee on scientific investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 2012; 108:15-50. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(12)60104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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