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Parker R, Mulder R, Keanly C. Cuspal deflection of teeth restored with bulk fill flowable composite resins, with and without fiber-reinforcement and evaluated by Micro-computed Tomography. MethodsX 2023; 11:102302. [PMID: 37577165 PMCID: PMC10413345 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymerisation shrinkage of composite resins is a clinical challenge which has been well documented in the literature. Many studies investigating polymerisation shrinkage stress measure cuspal deflection, which is a manifestation of this stress. The introduction of flowable bulk-fill composite (BFRBC) materials has streamlined the restorative process, though the shrinkage and cuspal deflection from these BFRBCs has not been compared with regards to its use with polyethylene fibers (Ribbond fibers). The authors describe a method to measure the cuspal deflection of flowable BFRBCs placed in cavities of standardised dimensions at distinct steps of the restorative process, with and without fiber-reinforcement and using x-ray micro-computed tomography. Co-ordinate points are established on the buccal and lingual aspects of scanned specimens using the Volume Graphics VG Studio max 3.2.5 (Hiedelberg, Germany 2018) software. The system allows for these landmarks to be established across each scan (of the same tooth), ensuring standardization of each specimen. Further anatomical points are used to enable analysis. Comparison of angles generated across these points determines the extent of cuspal deflection.•A method of measuring the cuspal deflection of composite resins is proposed.•Experimental procedures are provided.•Data analysis methods are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeesa Parker
- Faculty of Dentistry – Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, 148 Francie Van Zijl Dr, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Riaan Mulder
- Faculty of Dentistry – Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, 148 Francie Van Zijl Dr, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Colm Keanly
- Faculty of Dentistry – Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, 148 Francie Van Zijl Dr, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
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Deger C, Özduman ZC, Oglakci B, Eliguzeloglu Dalkilic E. The Effect of Different Intermediary Layer Materials Under Resin Composite Restorations on Volumetric Cuspal Deflection, Gap Formation, and Fracture Strength. Oper Dent 2023; 48:108-116. [PMID: 36445957 DOI: 10.2341/21-211-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of different intermediary layer materials under class II mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) resin composite restorations on volumetric cuspal deflection, gap formation, and fracture strength. In total, 32 sound human maxillary premolars were used. After large, standardized Class II MOD cavities were prepared, a universal adhesive (Clearfil Universal Bond Quick, Kuraray) was applied. The premolars were randomly allocated into four groups according to different intermediary layer materials (n=8): Group Z250 (control)/micro-hybrid composite (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE); Group EST/low-viscosity bulk-fill resin composite (Estelite Bulk Fill Flow, Tokuyama Dental Corp) + micro-hybrid composite; Group NOV/nanofiber-reinforced low-viscosity composite (NovaPro Flow, Nanova) + micro-hybrid composite; and Group RIB/polyethylene fiber [Ribbond, Ribbond Inc] + micro-hybrid composite. Distilled water was used for storage for 24 hours. Using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), the teeth were scanned immediately after cavity preparation (T0), then 24 hours after restorative procedures (T1). Volumetric cuspal deflection in cubic millimeters (mm3) was analyzed on the palatal and buccal regions of each restoration individually at T0 and T1 scans. Gap formation (mm3) was evaluated to quantify the volume of black spaces at the tooth-resin interface on the T1 scan. After these scans, using a universal testing machine, the teeth were subjected to a fracture strength test (0.5 millimeters/minute [mm/min]). The fracture surfaces were analyzed with a stereomicroscope. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Dunn's tests (p< 0.05). No significant differences in volumetric cuspal deflection and fracture strength were detected for all tested groups (p>0.05). Group RIB exhibited significantly higher gap formation values in comparison with all other groups (p<0.05). Predominant failure mode was favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Deger
- Ceren Deger, restorative dentistry specialist, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Z C Özduman
- Zümrüt Ceren Özduman, assistant professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Oglakci
- *Burcu Oglakci, associate professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Eliguzeloglu Dalkilic
- Evrim Eliguzeloglu Dalkilic, professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Leyton BS, Rached RN, Ignácio SA, Souza EM. Fracture strength of extended class I composite restorations with different restorative techniques. Odontology 2021; 110:269-277. [PMID: 34519962 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the fracture strength of extended Class I restorations with different restorative techniques using nanofilled and nanohybrid composites. Sixty extracted human third molars were prepared with extended Class I cavities and divided into six groups: groups FS-F (Filtek bulk-fill Flow + Filtek Supreme Ultra, 3 M) and GR-F (X-tra base + GrandioSO, VOCO), restored with a flowable bulk-fill composite as a base covered by a nanofilled or nanohybrid composite; groups FB (Filtek One Bulk-Fill, 3 M) and AF (Admira Fusion X-tra, VOCO), restored with a bulk-fill resin composite; and groups FS (Filtek Supreme Ultra, 3 M) and GR (GrandioSO, VOCO), restored incrementally with a nanofilled or nanohybrid composite. Sound extracted teeth (n = 10) were used as a control group (CTL). The specimens were axially loaded until failure. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Games Howell test (α = 0.05). Groups CTL and GR-F demonstrated significantly higher mean fracture strength when compared to FS, AF, and GR (p < 0.05). Group AF obtained more repairable fractures than the other groups. Restorations made with a nanofilled bulk-fill composite or with conventional resin composites associated with a flowable bulk-fill base were able to reestablish the fracture strength to that of sound teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda S Leyton
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo N Rached
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Sergio A Ignácio
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Evelise M Souza
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR, 80215-901, Brazil.
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Demirel G, Orhan AI, Irmak O, Aydın F, Büyüksungur A, Bilecenoğlu B, Orhan K. Effects of Preheating and Sonic Delivery Techniques on the Internal Adaptation of Bulk-fill Resin Composites. Oper Dent 2021; 46:226-233. [PMID: 34242394 DOI: 10.2341/19-241-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE The internal adaptation of resin composites that are recommended to be placed with the conventional insertion technique could be improved when the resin composites are preheated prior to their placement. SonicFill 2 and VisCalor bulk show the best internal adaptation when they are inserted as per the manufacurer's recommended techniques. SUMMARY Objective: To compare the effects of conventional (hand-placed), sonic, or preheated insertion techniques on the internal adaptation of bulk-fill resin composites.Methods and Materials: A total of 150 freshly extracted human third molars were used to prepare standardized cylindrical occlusal cavities. Teeth were divided into five main groups according to the resin composites: 1 incremental (Clearfil Majesty Posterior [CMP]) and four paste-like bulk-fill (SonicFill 2 [SF2], VisCalor bulk [VCB], Filtek One bulk-fill restorative [FBR], and Tetric EvoCeram bulk-fill [TEB]). Each main group was divided into three subgroups according to the placement technique: conventional, preheating, and sonic delivery (n=10). In the conventional placement technique, cavities were filled manually. In the sonic insertion technique, a specific handpiece (SonicFill Handpiece; Kerr Corporation) was used. In the preheating technique, a heating device (Caps Warmer, Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany) was used to warm the resin composites before placement. Internal voids (%) of the completed restorations were calculated with microcomputed tomography. Data was analyzed with two-way analysis of variacne followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test (α=0.05).Results: All resin composites showed fewer internal gaps with preheating compared with the conventional placement (p<0.05). For all resin composites other than SF2, preheating provided fewer internal gaps than that of the sonic placement (p<0.05). Sonic placement led to fewer internal gaps compared with the conventional placement, but only for SF2 and FBR (p<0.05). For the conventional placement, the lowest gap percentage was observed with the incremental resin composite (CMP, p<0.05). Among all groups, the lowest gap percentages were observed for preheated VCB followed by sonically inserted SF2 (p<0.05).Conclusion: The best internal adaptation was observed in sonically inserted SF2 and preheated VCB, which were the manufacturers' recommended insertion techniques. Preheating considerably improved the internal adaptation of all resin composites, except for that of SF2.
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Lee CH, Lee IB. Effects of cuspal compliance and radiant emittance of LED light on the cuspal deflection of replicated tooth cavity. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:827-834. [PMID: 33692226 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate effects of compliance and radiant emittance on cuspal deflection. A mesio-occluso-distal cavity was replicated using a flowable composite and steel rods with different diameters. To investigate the effect of cuspal compliance on deflection, the replicated tooth and extracted human tooth cavities were bulk-filled with a micro-hybrid composite. The replicated cavities with 2.0-mm-diameter steel rods were restored with bulk-filling of the micro-hybrid or a nano bulk-fill composite and photo-cured with four protocols. The cuspal deflection was the highest in the replicated tooth without steel rod, followed by with 1.0-, 1.5-, and 2.0-mm steel rods, and significantly lower in the human tooth. Cuspal deflections showed no significant differences among light-curing protocols, and that in the micro-hybrid composite were higher than the nano bulk-fill composite. To reduce cuspal deflection of a high compliance cavity, selecting the proper composite based on physical properties is more important than light-curing protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ha Lee
- One-Stop Specialty Center, Seoul National University Dental Hospital
| | - In-Bog Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
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Demirel G, Orhan AI, Irmak Ö, Aydin F, Buyuksungur A, Bilecenoğlu B, Orhan K. Micro-computed tomographic evaluation of the effects of pre-heating and sonic delivery on the internal void formation of bulk-fill composites. Dent Mater J 2020; 40:525-531. [PMID: 33268693 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of conventional, sonic or pre-heating insertion techniques on internal void formation of bulk-fill composites with micro-computed tomography. Standardized cylindrical cavities were prepared in 160 human third molars. Four groups received different paste-like bulk-fill composites: SonicFill 2 (SF2); VisCalor Bulk (VCB); Filtek One Bulk-fill restorative (FBF); Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TEB); and a conventional posterior composite, Clearfil Majesty Posterior (CMP). A hybrid CAD/CAM block was selected as a control (n=10). Composite restorations were built according to each resin composite type and insertion technique (n=10). Micro-CT was used to assess internal void rates. Data was analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons test (α=0.05). CAD/CAM blocks were free of voids. For each composite, the highest void rates were observed for the sonic delivery method (p<0.05) except for SF2. SF2 was not affected by insertion techniques (p>0.05). Other composites showed the lowest void rates with pre-heating technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülbike Demirel
- Ankara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry
| | - Ayşe Işıl Orhan
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Dentisty, Department of Pediatrics Dentistry
| | - Özgür Irmak
- Near East University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry
| | - Fulya Aydin
- Ankara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry
| | - Arda Buyuksungur
- Middle East Technical University (METU), BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering
| | - Burak Bilecenoğlu
- Ankara Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy
| | - Kaan Orhan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology.,Ankara University Medical Design Application and Research Center (MEDITAM)
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