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Bu HF, Subramanian S, Chou PM, Liu F, Sun L, Geng H, Wang X, Liao J, Du C, Hu J, Tan SC, Nathan N, Yang GY, Tan XD. A novel mouse model of hepatocyte-specific apoptosis-induced myeloid cell-dominant sterile liver injury and repair response. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 327:G499-G512. [PMID: 39104322 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00005.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Apoptosis, inflammation, and wound healing are critical pathophysiological events associated with various liver diseases. Currently, there is a lack of in vivo approaches to study hepatocyte apoptosis-induced liver injury and repair. To address this critical knowledge gap, we developed a unique genetically modified mouse model, namely, 3-Transgene (Tg) with inducible Hepatocyte-Specific Apoptosis Phenotype (3xTg-iHAP) in this study. The 3xTg-iHAP mice possess three transgenes including Alb-Cre, Rosa26-rtTA, and tetO-Fasl on a B6 background. These mice are phenotypically normal, viable, and fertile. After subcutaneous administration of a single dose of doxycycline (5 mg/kg, Dox) to 3xTg-iHAP mice, we observed a complete histological spectrum of sterile liver wound-healing responses: asymptomatic hepatocyte apoptosis at 8 h, necrotic liver injury and sterile inflammation at 48 h, followed by hepatocyte mitosis and regeneration within 7 days. During the injury phase, the mice exhibited an increase in the biomarkers of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), and IL-6 in peripheral blood, as well as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein in liver tissues. Conversely, the mice displayed a decrease in these markers in the recovery phase. Remarkably, this model shows that the sterile liver injury following elevated hepatocyte apoptosis is associated with an increase in myeloid cells in the liver. Within 7 days post-Dox administration, the liver of Dox-treated 3xTg-iHAP mice displays a normal histological structure, indicating the completion of wound healing. Together, we established a novel mouse model of injury and regeneration induced by hepatocyte apoptosis. This tool provides a robust in vivo platform for studying the pathophysiology of sterile liver inflammation, regeneration, and new therapeutic interventions for liver diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Bu et al. present a triple-transgenic mouse model, namely, 3xTg-iHAP mice that are engineered to explore hepatocyte apoptosis-triggered sterile liver injury and regeneration. This model demonstrates a full spectrum of liver wound-healing responses from asymptomatic apoptosis to injury, myeloid cell-dominant sterile inflammation, and repair after induction of hepatocyte-specific apoptosis. The robust nature of this model makes it an invaluable in vivo tool for studying sterile liver inflammation, regeneration, and new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Fu Bu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Mucosal Inflammation and Regeneration Research Program, Center for Pediatric Translational Research and Education, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Department of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Saravanan Subramanian
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Mucosal Inflammation and Regeneration Research Program, Center for Pediatric Translational Research and Education, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Department of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Pauline M Chou
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Fangyi Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Mucosal Inflammation and Regeneration Research Program, Center for Pediatric Translational Research and Education, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Leyu Sun
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Hua Geng
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Mucosal Inflammation and Regeneration Research Program, Center for Pediatric Translational Research and Education, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Department of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Mucosal Inflammation and Regeneration Research Program, Center for Pediatric Translational Research and Education, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Department of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Jie Liao
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Chao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Joyce Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Mucosal Inflammation and Regeneration Research Program, Center for Pediatric Translational Research and Education, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Stephanie C Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Mucosal Inflammation and Regeneration Research Program, Center for Pediatric Translational Research and Education, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Nirmal Nathan
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Mucosal Inflammation and Regeneration Research Program, Center for Pediatric Translational Research and Education, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Xiao-Di Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Mucosal Inflammation and Regeneration Research Program, Center for Pediatric Translational Research and Education, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Department of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Du SH, Shi J, Yu TY, Hu XX, He SM, Cao YY, Xie ZL, Liu SS, Li YT, Li N, Yu JB. Nicotinamide mononucleotide ameliorates acute lung injury by inducing mitonuclear protein imbalance and activating the UPR mt. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1264-1276. [PMID: 35538652 PMCID: PMC9379602 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221094235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria need to interact with the nucleus under homeostasis and stress to maintain cellular demands and nuclear transcriptional programs. Disrupted mitonuclear interaction is involved in many disease processes. However, the role of mitonuclear signaling regulators in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) remains unknown. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is closely related to mitonuclear interaction with its central role in mitochondrial metabolism. In the current study, C57BL/6J mice were administrated with lipopolysaccharide 15 mg/kg to induce endotoxin-induced ALI and investigated whether the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) could preserve mitonuclear interaction and alleviate ALI. After pretreatment with NMN for 7 days, NAD+ levels in the mitochondrial, nucleus, and total intracellular were significantly increased in endotoxemia mice. Moreover, supplementation of NMN alleviated lung pathologic injury, reduced ROS levels, increased MnSOD activities, mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction, ameliorated the defects in the nucleus morphology, and these cytoprotective effects were accompanied by preserving mitonuclear interaction (including mitonuclear protein imbalance and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, UPRmt). Furthermore, NAD+-mediated mitonuclear protein imbalance and UPRmt are probably regulated by deacetylase Sirtuin1 (SIRT1). Taken together, our results indicated that NMN pretreatment ameliorated ALI by inducing mitonuclear protein imbalance and activating the UPRmt in an SIRT1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Han Du
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Jia Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Tian-Yu Yu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xin-Xin Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Si-Meng He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, NanKai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ying-Ya Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Zi-Lei Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Sha-Sha Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Yu-Ting Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Jian-Bo Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300100, China,Jian-Bo Yu.
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Mižíková I, Lesage F, Cyr-Depauw C, Cook DP, Hurskainen M, Hänninen SM, Vadivel A, Bardin P, Zhong S, Carpén O, Vanderhyden BC, Thébaud B. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing-Based Characterization of Resident Lung Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Stem Cells 2022; 40:479-492. [PMID: 35445270 PMCID: PMC9199848 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Late lung development is a period of alveolar and microvascular formation, which is pivotal in ensuring sufficient and effective gas exchange. Defects in late lung development manifest in premature infants as a chronic lung disease named bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Numerous studies demonstrated the therapeutic properties of exogenous bone marrow and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in experimental BPD. However, very little is known regarding the regenerative capacity of resident lung MSCs (L-MSCs) during normal development and in BPD. In this study we aimed to characterize the L-MSC population in homeostasis and upon injury. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile in situ Ly6a+ L-MSCs in the lungs of normal and O2-exposed neonatal mice (a well-established model to mimic BPD) at 3 developmental timepoints (postnatal days 3, 7, and 14). Hyperoxia exposure increased the number and altered the expression profile of L-MSCs, particularly by increasing the expression of multiple pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic, and anti-angiogenic genes. In order to identify potential changes induced in the L-MSCs transcriptome by storage and culture, we profiled 15 000 Ly6a+ L-MSCs after in vitro culture. We observed great differences in expression profiles of in situ and cultured L-MSCs, particularly those derived from healthy lungs. Additionally, we have identified the location of Ly6a+/Col14a1+ L-MSCs in the developing lung and propose Serpinf1 as a novel, culture-stable marker of L-MSCs. Finally, cell communication analysis suggests inflammatory signals from immune and endothelial cells as main drivers of hyperoxia-induced changes in L-MSCs transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Mižíková
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Flore Lesage
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Chanele Cyr-Depauw
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David P Cook
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Hurskainen
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, New Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Pediatric Research Center, New Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu M Hänninen
- Precision Cancer Pathology, Department of Pathology and Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki and HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arul Vadivel
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pauline Bardin
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shumei Zhong
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Olli Carpén
- Precision Cancer Pathology, Department of Pathology and Research Program in Systems Oncology, University of Helsinki and HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Barbara C Vanderhyden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa/The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) and CHEO Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Corresponding author: Bernard Thébaud, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Box 511, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6.
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Qing C, Xinyi Z, Xuefei Y, Xindong X, Jianhua F. The Specific Connexin 43-Inhibiting Peptide Gap26 Improved Alveolar Development of Neonatal Rats With Hyperoxia Exposure. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:587267. [PMID: 34290603 PMCID: PMC8287833 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.587267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common devastating pulmonary complication in preterm infants. Alveolar maldevelopment is the crucial pathological change of BPD highly associated with oxidative stress–mediated excessive apoptosis. Cellular injury can be propagated and amplified by gap junction (GJ)–mediated intercellular communication. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the most ubiquitous and critical GJ protein. Gap26 is a specific Cx43 mimic peptide, playing as a Cx43-GJ inhibitor. We hypothesized that Cx43-GJ was involved in alveolar maldevelopment of BPD via amplifying oxidative stress signaling and inducing excessive apoptosis. Neonatal Sprague Dawley rats were kept in either normoxia (21% O2) or hyperoxia (85% O2) continuously from postnatal day (PN) 1 to 14 in the presence or absence of Gap26. Moreover, RLE-6TN cells (type II alveolar epithelial cells of rats) were cultured in vitro under normoxia (21% O2) or hyperoxia (85% O2). RLE-6TN cells were treated by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) (a kind of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger) or Gap26. Morphological properties of lung tissue are detected. Markers associated with Cx43 expression, ROS production, the activity of the ASK1-JNK/p38 signaling pathway, and apoptotic level are detected in vivo and in vitro, respectively. In vitro, the ability of GJ-mediated intercellular communication was examined by dye-coupling assay. In vitro, our results demonstrated ROS increased Cx43 expression and GJ-mediated intercellular communication and Gap26 treatment decreased ROS production, inhibited ASK1-JNK/p38 signaling, and decreased apoptosis. In vivo, we found that hyperoxia exposure resulted in increased ROS production and Cx43 expression, activated ASK1-JNK/p38 signaling, and induced excessive apoptosis. However, Gap26 treatment reversed these changes, thus improving alveolar development in neonatal rats with hyperoxia exposure. In summary, oxidative stress increased Cx43 expression and Cx43-GJ–mediated intercellular communication. And Cx43-GJ–mediated intercellular communication amplified oxidative stress signaling, inducing excessive apoptosis via the ASK1-JNK/p38 signaling pathway. The specific connexin 43–inhibiting peptide Gap26 was a novel therapeutic strategy to improve the alveolar development of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Qing
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhao Xinyi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Xuefei
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Xindong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fu Jianhua
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Tong X, Li M, Liu N, Huang W, Xue X, Fu J. Hyperoxia induces endoplasmic reticulum stress‑associated apoptosis via the IRE1α pathway in rats with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:33. [PMID: 33179109 PMCID: PMC7684859 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic lung disease in premature infants, and alveolar dysplasia and pulmonary vascular development disorders are the predominant pathological features. Apoptosis of lung epithelial cells is a key factor in the pathological process of alveolar developmental arrest. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-associated apoptosis is a noncanonical apoptotic pathway involved in the development of several pulmonary diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and activating transcription factor 6 can initiate the apoptosis signaling pathway mediated by ERS and induce apoptosis of injured cells. Among them, the IRE1α pathway is the most conservative pathway in the unfolded protein response, which serves an important role in a number of pathological environments, to the extent of determining cell fate; however, it is rarely reported in BPD. Based on the establishment of a rat BPD model, the present study verified the activation of ERS in BPD and further confirmed that prolonged ERS inhibited the protective pathway, IRE1α/X-box binding proteins, and activated the proapoptotic pathway, IRE1α/c-Jun N-terminal kinase, to induce the apoptosis of lung epitheliums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Mengyun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Wanjie Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Mandell EW, Savani RC. Ceramides, Autophagy, and Apoptosis Mechanisms of Ventilator-induced Lung Injury and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 199:687-689. [PMID: 30372122 PMCID: PMC6423105 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201810-1857ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erica W. Mandell
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAurora, Coloradoand
| | - Rashmin C. Savani
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, Texas
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Zhang D, Wu L, Du Y, Zhu Y, Pan B, Xue X, Fu J. Autophagy inducers restore impaired autophagy, reduce apoptosis, and attenuate blunted alveolarization in hyperoxia-exposed newborn rats. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018; 53:1053-1066. [PMID: 29893049 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Autophagy is a common process during development. Abnormal autophagy can impact cell apoptosis. Previous studies have shown that apoptosis is present during bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, there is no consensus on the level of coexisting autophagy. This study was designed to investigate the role of autophagy and the effects of autophagy inducers in a BPD model. METHOD A total of 100 newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to model and control groups. BPD models were established by hyperoxic induction(FiO2 0.80). Some of them were treated with autophagy-inducing agents. RESULT As compared to the control group, more autophagic bodies were found within Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AT-II cells) under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in the model group at 3 d . These autophagic bodies were also accompanied by apoptotic bodies and expression of both bodies peaked at 7 d. As shown by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), there were more apoptotic cells in the model group than in the control group. Protein expression levels of LC3B-II, p62, Lamp1, and cleaved Caspase-3 increased with increased hyperoxic exposure time. No significant differences were observed in the mRNA expression levels of LC3B, p62, and Lamp1. After introducing an autophagy inducer, either rapamycin or lithium chloride, the radial alveolar count (RAC) value of BPD model group increased as compared with placebo group, the thickness of alveolar septum decreased, while apoptosis decreased. CONCLUSION Reduced autophagy resulting from blocked autophagy flow may be a key link in the pathogenesis of BPD. By enhancing repressed autophagy, apoptosis could be reduced and alveolar development improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanna Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bingting Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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8
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De Paepe ME, V Benny MK, Priolo L, Luks FI, Shapiro S. Florid Intussusceptive-like Microvascular Dysangiogenesis in a Preterm Lung. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2017; 20:432-439. [PMID: 28812466 DOI: 10.1177/1093526616686455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms underlying the microvascular dysangiogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (chronic lung disease of the newborn) remain largely undetermined. We report unusual pulmonary vascular findings in a 27-week-gestation male newborn who died on the second day of life from intractable respiratory failure, following a pregnancy complicated by prolonged membrane rupture and persistent severe oligohydramnios. As expected, postmortem examination revealed pulmonary hypoplasia (lung/body weight ratio: 2.23%; 10th percentile for 27 weeks: 2.59%). In addition, lung microscopy revealed complex networks of non-sprouting, tortuous, and bulbously dilated capillaries, randomly distributed in widened airspace septa. Anti-smooth muscle actin immunohistochemistry demonstrated immunoreactive central densities within capillary lumina, suggestive of intravascular pillar formation. The plexus-forming, non-sprouting type of angiogenesis and apparent transluminal pillar formation are consistent with intussusceptive ("longitudinal splitting") angiogenesis. In concordance with previous observations made in human fetal lung xenografts, these findings support the notion that human postcanalicular lungs have the capacity to switch from sprouting to non-sprouting, intussusceptive-like angiogenesis, possibly representing an adaptive response activated by hemodynamic flow alterations and/or hypoxia. The possible relationship between the intussusceptive-like vascular changes observed in this case and the microvascular dysangiogenesis characteristic of bronchopulmonary dysplasia remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique E De Paepe
- 1 Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, USA.,2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Lauren Priolo
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, USA
| | - Francois I Luks
- 4 Department of Surgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Svetlana Shapiro
- 1 Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, USA
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Mills DR, Mao Q, Chu S, Falcon Girard K, Kraus M, Padbury JF, De Paepe ME. Effects of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells on respiratory system mechanics in a murine model of neonatal lung injury. Exp Lung Res 2017; 43:66-81. [PMID: 28353351 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1300713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mononuclear cells (MNCs) have well-documented beneficial effects in a wide range of adult pulmonary diseases. The effects of human umbilical cord blood-derived MNCs on neonatal lung injury, highly relevant for potential autologous application in preterm newborns at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), remain incompletely established. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term morphologic and functional effects of systemically delivered MNCs in a murine model of neonatal lung injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS MNCs from cryopreserved cord blood (1 × 106 cells per pup) were given intravenously to newborn mice exposed to 90% O2 from birth; controls received cord blood total nucleated cells (TNCs) or granular cells, or equal volume vehicle buffer (sham controls). In order to avoid immune rejection, we used SCID mice as recipients. Lung mechanics (flexiVent™), engraftment, growth, and alveolarization were evaluated eight weeks postinfusion. RESULTS Systemic MNC administration to hyperoxia-exposed newborn mice resulted in significant attenuation of methacholine-induced airway hyperreactivity, leading to reduction of central airway resistance to normoxic levels. These bronchial effects were associated with mild improvement of alveolarization, lung compliance, and elastance. TNCs had no effects on alveolar remodeling and were associated with worsened methacholine-induced bronchial hyperreactivity. Granular cell administration resulted in a marked morphologic and functional emphysematous phenotype, associated with high mortality. Pulmonary donor cell engraftment was sporadic in all groups. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cord blood MNCs may have a cell type-specific role in therapy of pulmonary conditions characterized by increased airway resistance, such as BPD and asthma. Future studies need to determine the active MNC subtype(s), their mechanisms of action, and optimal purification methods to minimize granular cell contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Mills
- a Department of Pathology , Women and Infants Hospital , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Quanfu Mao
- a Department of Pathology , Women and Infants Hospital , Providence , Rhode Island , USA.,b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Sharon Chu
- a Department of Pathology , Women and Infants Hospital , Providence , Rhode Island , USA.,b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | | | - Morey Kraus
- c ViaCord LLC, a Perkin Elmer Company , Cambridge , Massachusetts , USA
| | - James F Padbury
- d Department of Pediatrics , Women and Infants Hospital , Providence , Rhode Island , USA.,e Department of Pediatrics , Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Monique E De Paepe
- a Department of Pathology , Women and Infants Hospital , Providence , Rhode Island , USA.,b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
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10
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De Paepe ME, Chu S, Hall SJ, McDonnell-Clark E, Heger NE, Schorl C, Mao Q, Boekelheide K. Intussusceptive-like angiogenesis in human fetal lung xenografts: Link with bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated microvascular dysangiogenesis? Exp Lung Res 2016; 41:477-88. [PMID: 26495956 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2015.1080321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human fetal lung xenografts display an unusual pattern of non-sprouting, plexus-forming angiogenesis that is reminiscent of the dysmorphic angioarchitecture described in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The aim of this study was to determine the clinicopathological correlates, growth characteristics and molecular regulation of this aberrant form of graft angiogenesis. METHODS Fetal lung xenografts, derived from 12 previable fetuses (15 to 22 weeks' gestation) and engrafted in the renal subcapsular space of SCID-beige mice, were analyzed 4 weeks posttransplantation for morphology, vascularization, proliferative activity and gene expression. RESULTS Focal plexus-forming angiogenesis (PFA) was observed in 60/230 (26%) of xenografts. PFA was characterized by a complex network of tortuous nonsprouting vascular structures with low endothelial proliferative activity, suggestive of intussusceptive-type angiogenesis. There was no correlation between the occurrence of PFA and gestational age or time interval between delivery and engraftment. PFA was preferentially localized in the relatively hypoxic central subcapsular area. Microarray analysis suggested altered expression of 15 genes in graft regions with PFA, of which 7 are known angiogenic/lymphangiogenic regulators and 5 are known hypoxia-inducible genes. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed significant upregulation of SULF2, IGF2, and HMOX1 in graft regions with PFA. CONCLUSION These observations in human fetal lungs ex vivo suggest that postcanalicular lungs can switch from sprouting angiogenesis to an aberrant intussusceptive-type of angiogenesis that is highly reminiscent of BPD-associated dysangiogenesis. While circumstantial evidence suggests hypoxia may be implicated, the exact triggering mechanisms, molecular regulation and clinical implications of this angiogenic switch in preterm lungs in vivo remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique E De Paepe
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA.,b Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Sharon Chu
- b Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Susan J Hall
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Elizabeth McDonnell-Clark
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Nicholas E Heger
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Christoph Schorl
- c Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Quanfu Mao
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA.,b Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
| | - Kim Boekelheide
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island , USA
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11
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Liu L, Mao Q, Chu S, Mounayar M, Abdi R, Fodor W, Padbury JF, De Paepe ME. Intranasal versus intraperitoneal delivery of human umbilical cord tissue-derived cultured mesenchymal stromal cells in a murine model of neonatal lung injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:3344-58. [PMID: 25455688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials investigating mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy for bronchopulmonary dysplasia have been initiated; however, the optimal delivery route and functional effects of MSC therapy in newborns remain incompletely established. We studied the morphologic and functional effects of intranasal versus i.p. MSC administration in a rodent model of neonatal lung injury. Cultured human cord tissue MSCs (0.1, 0.5, or 1 × 10(6) cell per pup) were given intranasally or i.p. to newborn severe combined immunodeficiency-beige mice exposed to 90% O2 from birth; sham controls received an equal volume of phosphate-buffered saline. Lung mechanics, engraftment, lung growth, and alveolarization were evaluated 8 weeks after transplantation. High-dose i.p. MSC administration to newborn mice exposed to 90% O2 resulted in the restoration of normal lung compliance, elastance, and pressure-volume loops (tissue recoil). Histologically, high-dose i.p. MSC administration was associated with alveolar septal widening, suggestive of interstitial matrix modification. Intranasal MSC or lower-dose i.p. administration had no significant effects on lung function or alveolar remodeling. Pulmonary engraftment was rare in all the groups. These findings suggest that high-dose systemic administration of human cultured MSCs can restore normal compliance in neonatally injured lungs, possibly by paracrine modulation of the interstitial matrix. Intranasal delivery had no obvious pulmonary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Quanfu Mao
- Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sharon Chu
- Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Marwan Mounayar
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - James F Padbury
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Monique E De Paepe
- Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
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12
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Sun X, Hasanali ZS, Chen A, Zhang D, Liu X, Wang HG, Feith DJ, Loughran TP, Xu K. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and cladribine synergistically induce apoptosis in NK-LGL leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2014; 168:371-83. [PMID: 25284154 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukaemia features a clonal proliferation of CD3(-) NK cells that can be classified into either aggressive or chronic categories. The NKL cell line, derived from an aggressive Asian NK cell leukaemia, and patient samples from chronic NK-LGL leukaemia were used in our study to probe for synergistic efficacy of the epigenetic drugs vorinostat (SAHA) and cladribine in this disease. We demonstrate that histone deacetylases (HDACs) are over-expressed in both aggressive and chronic NK leukaemia. Administration of the HDAC inhibitor SAHA reduces class I and II HDAC expression and enhances histone acetylation in leukaemic NK cells. In vitro combination treatment with SAHA and cladribine dose-dependently exerts synergistic cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on leukaemic NK cells. Expression profiling of apoptotic regulatory genes suggests that both compounds led to caspase-dependent apoptosis through activation of intrinsic mitochondrial and extrinsic death receptor pathways. Collectively, these data show that combined epigenetic therapy, using HDAC and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, may be a promising therapeutic approach for NK-LGL leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshen Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Transplantation Immunity, Department of Haematology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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13
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Kroon AA, DelRiccio V, Tseu I, Kavanagh BP, Post M. Mechanical ventilation-induced apoptosis in newborn rat lung is mediated via FasL/Fas pathway. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L795-804. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00048.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation induces pulmonary apoptosis and inhibits alveolar development in preterm infants, but the molecular basis for the apoptotic injury is unknown. The objective was to determine the signaling mechanism(s) of ventilation (stretch)-induced apoptosis in newborn rat lung. Seven-day-old rats were ventilated with room air for 24 h using moderate tidal volumes (8.5 ml/kg). Isolated fetal rat lung epithelial and fibroblast cells were subjected to continuous cyclic stretch (5, 10, or 17% elongation) for up to 12 h. Prolonged ventilation significantly increased the number of apoptotic alveolar type II cells (i.e., terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nick-end labeling and anti-cleaved caspase-3 immunochemistry) and was associated with increased expression of the apoptotic mediator Fas ligand (FasL). Fetal lung epithelial cells, but not fibroblasts, subjected to maximal (i.e., 17%, but not lesser elongation) cyclic stretch exhibited increased apoptosis (i.e., nuclear fragmentation and DNA laddering), which appeared to be mediated via the extrinsic pathway (increased expression of FasL and cleaved caspase-3, -7, and -8). The intrinsic pathway appeared not to be involved [minimal mitochondrial membrane depolarization (JC-1 flow analysis) and no activation of caspase-9]. Universal caspases inhibition and neutralization of FasL abrogated the stretch-induced apoptosis. Prolonged mechanical ventilation induces apoptosis of alveolar type II cells in newborn rats and the mechanism appears to involve activation of the extrinsic death pathway via the FasL/Fas system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A. Kroon
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veronica DelRiccio
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Irene Tseu
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian P. Kavanagh
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and
| | - Martin Post
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; and
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Mao Q, Chu S, Ghanta S, Padbury JF, De Paepe ME. Ex vivo expanded human cord blood-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells induce lung growth and alveolarization in injured newborn lungs. Respir Res 2013; 14:37. [PMID: 23522153 PMCID: PMC3610254 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the capacity of expanded cord blood-derived CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells to undergo respiratory epithelial differentiation ex vivo, and to engraft and attenuate alveolar disruption in injured newborn murine lungs in vivo. METHODS Respiratory epithelial differentiation was studied in CD34+ cells expanded in the presence of growth factors and cytokines ("basic" medium), in one group supplemented with dexamethasone ("DEX"). Expanded or freshly isolated CD34+ cells were inoculated intranasally in newborn mice with apoptosis-induced lung injury. Pulmonary engraftment, lung growth and alveolarization were studied at 8 weeks post-inoculation. RESULTS SP-C mRNA expression was seen in 2/7 CD34+ cell isolates expanded in basic media and in 6/7 isolates expanded in DEX, associated with cytoplasmic SP-C immunoreactivity and ultrastructural features suggestive of type II cell-like differentiation. Administration of expanding CD34+ cells was associated with increased lung growth and, in animals treated with DEX-exposed cells, enhanced alveolar septation. Freshly isolated CD34+ cells had no effect of lung growth or remodeling. Lungs of animals treated with expanded CD34+ cells contained intraalveolar aggregates of replicating alu-FISH-positive mononuclear cells, whereas epithelial engraftment was extremely rare. CONCLUSION Expanded cord blood CD34+ cells can induce lung growth and alveolarization in injured newborn lungs. These growth-promoting effects may be linked to paracrine or immunomodulatory effects of persistent cord blood-derived mononuclear cells, as expanded cells showed limited respiratory epithelial transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfu Mao
- Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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15
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De Paepe ME, Mao Q, Chu S, Padbury JF. Long-term outcome of human cord blood-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells in murine lungs. Exp Lung Res 2013; 39:59-69. [DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2012.752548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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16
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Mata M, Pallardo F, Morcillo EJ, Cortijo J. Piclamilast inhibits the pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative responses of A549 cells exposed to H(2)O(2) via mechanisms involving AP-1 activation. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:690-9. [PMID: 22360706 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.669040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They can alter the expression of genes involved in cellular damage by activating transcription factors, including the NF-κB and the activator protein 1 (AP-1). Phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, as described in in vivo and in vitro COPD models. This study analysed the effects of piclamilast, a selective PDE4 inhibitor, on modulating the global gene expression profile in A549 cells exposed to H(2)O(2). MAIN METHODS Changes in gene expression were analysed using high-density Affymetrix microarrays and validated by RT-PCR. Cell proliferation was studied using BrdU incorporation. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate. C-Jun phosphorylation and AP-1 activation were determined by ELISA and luciferase assay, respectively. KEY FINDINGS Our results indicate that H(2)O(2) modified the expression of several genes related to apoptosis, cell cycle control and cell signalling, including IL8, FAS, HIG2, CXCL2, CDKN25 and JUNB. Piclamilast pre-treatment significantly inhibited the changes in 23 genes via mechanisms involving AP-1 activation and c-Jun phosphorylation at Ser63. Functional experiments confirmed our results, suggesting new targets related to the antioxidant properties of PDE4 inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study to demonstrate antioxidant effects of a selective PDE4 inhibitor at the global gene expression level, and the results support the importance of AP-1 as a key regulator of the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response of epithelial cells to oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mata
- Research Foundation of the University General Hospital of Valencia, Spain.
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17
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Londhe VA, Maisonet TM, Lopez B, Jeng JM, Xiao J, Li C, Minoo P. Conditional deletion of epithelial IKKβ impairs alveolar formation through apoptosis and decreased VEGF expression during early mouse lung morphogenesis. Respir Res 2011; 12:134. [PMID: 21985298 PMCID: PMC3202236 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alveolar septation marks the beginning of the transition from the saccular to alveolar stage of lung development. Inflammation can disrupt this process and permanently impair alveolar formation resulting in alveolar hypoplasia as seen in bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm newborns. NF-κB is a transcription factor central to multiple inflammatory and developmental pathways including dorsal-ventral patterning in fruit flies; limb, mammary and submandibular gland development in mice; and branching morphogenesis in chick lungs. We have previously shown that epithelial overexpression of NF-κB accelerates lung maturity using transgenic mice. The purpose of this study was to test our hypothesis that targeted deletion of NF-κB signaling in lung epithelium would impair alveolar formation. Methods We generated double transgenic mice with lung epithelium-specific deletion of IKKβ, a known activating kinase upstream of NF-κB, using a cre-loxP transgenic recombination strategy. Lungs of resulting progeny were analyzed at embryonic and early postnatal stages to determine specific effects on lung histology, and mRNA and protein expression of relevant lung morphoreulatory genes. Lastly, results measuring expression of the angiogenic factor, VEGF, were confirmed in vitro using a siRNA-knockdown strategy in cultured mouse lung epithelial cells. Results Our results showed that IKKβ deletion in the lung epithelium transiently decreased alveolar type I and type II cells and myofibroblasts and delayed alveolar formation. These effects were mediated through increased alveolar type II cell apoptosis and decreased epithelial VEGF expression. Conclusions These results suggest that epithelial NF-κB plays a critical role in early alveolar development possibly through regulation of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedang A Londhe
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Mailcode 175217, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Knaapi J, Lukkarinen H, Kiviranta R, Vuorio E, Kääpä P. Cathepsin K deficiency aggravates lung injury in hyperoxia-exposed newborn mice. Exp Lung Res 2011; 37:408-18. [PMID: 21721952 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2011.581738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin K (CatK) is a potent collagenase and elastase and may be involved in the development of neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The authors evaluated the effects of CatK deletion on neonatal lung development and response to prolonged hyperoxic challenge. CatK deficiency resulted in thinner alveolar walls than wild-type littermates on postnatal day (PN) 7. However, no morphological difference could be detected between CatK-deficient and control groups on PN 14. Exposure to 90% oxygen for 7 days after birth caused intensive CatK expression in the bronchial epithelium and alveolar macrophages of wild-type mice. Hyperoxia caused fatal respiratory distress in both groups of mice. However, whereas ∼20% of wild-type mice survived for 2 weeks in hyperoxia, all CatK-deficient mice died within the first 9 postnatal days. Hyperoxia-exposed lungs of CatK-deficient mice contained high number of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells and had increased content of reduced glutathione, indicating intensified pulmonary oxidative stress. These results suggest that CatK is involved in pulmonary development and it may be an important host-defence protease in the oxygen-stressed newborn lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonni Knaapi
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.
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De Paepe ME, Mao Q, Ghanta S, Hovanesian V, Padbury JF. Alveolar epithelial cell therapy with human cord blood-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:1329-39. [PMID: 21356383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of umbilical cord blood (CB)-derived stem cell therapy in neonatal lung injury remains undetermined. We investigated the capacity of human CB-derived CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells to regenerate injured alveolar epithelium in newborn mice. Double-transgenic mice with doxycycline (Dox)-dependent lung-specific Fas ligand (FasL) overexpression, treated with Dox between embryonal day 15 and postnatal day 3, served as a model of neonatal lung injury. Single-transgenic non-Dox-responsive littermates were controls. CD34(+) cells (1 × 10(5) to 5 × 10(5)) were administered at postnatal day 5 by intranasal inoculation. Engraftment, respiratory epithelial differentiation, proliferation, and cell fusion were studied at 8 weeks after inoculation. Engrafted cells were readily detected in all recipients and showed a higher incidence of surfactant immunoreactivity and proliferative activity in FasL-overexpressing animals compared with non-FasL-injured littermates. Cord blood-derived cells surrounding surfactant-immunoreactive type II-like cells frequently showed a transitional phenotype between type II and type I cells and/or type I cell-specific podoplanin immunoreactivity. Lack of nuclear colocalization of human and murine genomic material suggested the absence of fusion. In conclusion, human CB-derived CD34(+) cells are capable of long-term pulmonary engraftment, replication, clonal expansion, and reconstitution of injured respiratory epithelium by fusion-independent mechanisms. Cord blood-derived surfactant-positive epithelial cells appear to act as progenitors of the distal respiratory unit, analogous to resident type II cells. Graft proliferation and alveolar epithelial differentiation are promoted by lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique E De Paepe
- Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02905, USA.
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Alphonse RS, Vadivel A, Coltan L, Eaton F, Barr AJ, Dyck JRB, Thébaud B. Activation of Akt Protects Alveoli from Neonatal Oxygen-Induced Lung Injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 44:146-54. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0182oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Farnand AW, Eastman AJ, Herrero R, Hanson JF, Mongovin S, Altemeier WA, Matute-Bello G. Fas activation in alveolar epithelial cells induces KC (CXCL1) release by a MyD88-dependent mechanism. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 45:650-8. [PMID: 21257927 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0153oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) system is associated with activation of apoptotic and proinflammatory pathways that lead to the development of acute lung injury. Previous studies in chimeric mice and macrophage-depleted mice suggested that the main effector cell in Fas-mediated lung injury is not a myeloid cell, but likely an epithelial cell. The goal of this study was to determine whether epithelial cells release proinflammatory cytokines after Fas activation, and to identify the relevant pathways. Incubation of the murine alveolar epithelial cell line, MLE-12, with the Fas-activating monoclonal antibody, Jo2, resulted in release of the CXC chemokine, KC, in a dose-dependent manner. KC release was not prevented by the pan-caspase inhibitor, zVAD.fmk. Silencing of the adaptor protein, MyD88, with small interfering (si)RNA resulted in attenuation of KC release in response to Jo2. Fas activation resulted in phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), and pharmacologic inhibition of ERK and JNK attenuated KC release in a dose-response manner. Similarly, primary human small airways epithelial cells released IL-8 in response to soluble FasL, and this was abrogated by inhibition of JNK and ERK. In vivo confirmatory studies showed that MyD88-null mice are protected from Fas-induced acute lung injury. In summary, we conclude that Fas induces KC release in MLE-12 cells by a mechanism requiring MyD88, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and likely activator protein-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex W Farnand
- Center for Lung Biology, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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De Paepe ME, Haley SA, Lacourse Z, Mao Q. Effects of Fas-ligand overexpression on alveolar type II cell growth kinetics in perinatal murine lungs. Pediatr Res 2010; 68:57-62. [PMID: 20375852 PMCID: PMC2888646 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3181e084af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We determined the time-specific effects of FasL overexpression on perinatal alveolar type II cell growth kinetics. To achieve temporal overexpression of respiratory epithelium-specific FasL expression, tetracycline inducible CCSP-rtTA/FasL-TetOp transgenic mice were given doxycycline (Dox) from gestational d 14 (E14) to E19 (antenatal treatment group), from postnatal d 1 (P1) to P7 (postnatal group), or from E14 to P7 (combined antenatal and postnatal group). Antenatal Dox administration induced an increase of pulmonary FasL mRNA levels in double transgenic animals up to >300-fold over single transgenic littermate controls, associated with massive fetal respiratory epithelial apoptosis and excessive postnatal lethality. Although animals from the combined antenatal/postnatal Dox treatment group continued to display evidence of increased apoptosis, there was a paradoxical increase in alveolar type II cell proliferation, resulting in a net increase in type II cell density, elevated pulmonary surfactant protein C levels and improved postnatal survival. Postnatal Dox administration was also associated with increased type II cell density, although FasL up-regulation was more variable. In conclusion, these results, and our previous studies, suggest that FasL signaling has dual timing-dependent proapoptotic and proproliferative effects on postcanalicular type II cell kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique E. De Paepe
- Department of Pathology [M.E.D.P., Z.L., Q.M.], Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine[M.E.D.P., Q.M.], Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry [S.A.H.], Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02905
| | - Sheila A. Haley
- Department of Pathology [M.E.D.P., Z.L., Q.M.], Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine[M.E.D.P., Q.M.], Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry [S.A.H.], Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02905
| | - Zacharie Lacourse
- Department of Pathology [M.E.D.P., Z.L., Q.M.], Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine[M.E.D.P., Q.M.], Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry [S.A.H.], Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02905
| | - Quanfu Mao
- Department of Pathology [M.E.D.P., Z.L., Q.M.], Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine[M.E.D.P., Q.M.], Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry [S.A.H.], Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02905
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Roszell B, Seaton A, Fong GH, Finck CM. Cell-based therapy improves cell viability and increases airway size in an explant model. Exp Lung Res 2010; 35:501-13. [PMID: 19842834 DOI: 10.1080/01902140902718353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapy is a promising treatment option for lung disease, but no studies have demonstrated its benefit in promoting perinatal lung growth. Embryonic day 18 (E18) fetal lungs treated with vascular inhibitors were grown as explant organ cultures to inhibit endothelial growth in the explant cultures. Disruption of pulmonary vasculature decreased explant mean cord length and viability, whereas coculture with fetal pulmonary or predifferentiated embryonic stem cells rescued both parameters. These results demonstrate in a model of perinatal lung growth, exogenous addition of fetal pulmonary cells or differentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells promotes survival and alveolar morphogenesis. These experiments represent the first evidence of the benefits of cell-based therapy for perinatal lung growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair Roszell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Fas inhibition attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis and cytokine release of rat type II alveolar epithelial cells. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:3051-6. [PMID: 19823951 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate whether silencing of Fas could have an influence on type II alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine production, which prevents alveolar healing after acute lung injury (ALI). Rat primary type II AECs were isolated by elastase cell dispersion and IgG panning. The cells were transfected with Fas-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) followed by treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Fas ligand (FasL) or both. The effects of siRNA-mediated silencing of Fas on LPS-induced apoptosis and cytokine release were then assessed. Notably, LPS, either alone or together with FasL, significantly stimulated type II AEC apoptosis and the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) (P < 0.05 versus the control without treatment). Moreover, the effects exerted by both LPS and FasL were considerably counteracted by pretreatment with Fas-siRNA (P < 0.05 versus treatment with LPS and FasL). In conclusion, inhibition of Fas can diminish LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine production in type II AECs, and Fas specific siRNAs may have therapeutic potentials for intervention of ALI/ARDS.
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Lukkarinen H, Hogmalm A, Lappalainen U, Bry K. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Deficiency Worsens Lung Injury in a Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 41:59-68. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0179oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Fritzell JA, Mao Q, Gundavarapu S, Pasquariello T, Aliotta JM, Ayala A, Padbury JF, De Paepe ME. Fate and effects of adult bone marrow cells in lungs of normoxic and hyperoxic newborn mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 40:575-87. [PMID: 18988921 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0176oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy in adult lung injury models is associated with highly variable donor cell engraftment and epithelial reconstitution. The role of marrow-derived cell therapy in neonatal lung injury is largely unknown. In this study, we determined the fate and effects of adult bone marrow cells in a model of neonatal lung injury. Wild-type mice placed in a normoxic or hyperoxic (95% O(2)) environment received bone marrow cells from animals expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) at Postnatal Day (P)5. Controls received vehicle buffer. Lungs were analyzed between Post-Transplantation (TPX) Day 2 and Week 8. The volume of GFP-immunoreactive donor cells, monitored by stereologic volumetry, remained constant between Post-TPX Weeks 1 and 8 and was similar in normoxic and hyperoxia-exposed recipients. Virtually all marrow-derived cells showed colocalization of GFP and the pan-macrophage marker, F4/80, by double immunofluorescence studies. Epithelial transdifferentiation was not seen. Marrow cell administration had adverse effects on somatic growth and alveolarization in normoxic mice, while no effects were discerned in hyperoxia-exposed recipients. Reexposure of marrow-treated animals to hyperoxia at P66 resulted in significant expansion of the donor-derived macrophage population. In conclusion, intranasal administration of unfractionated bone marrow cells to newborn mice does not achieve epithelial reconstitution, but establishes persistent alveolar macrophage chimerism. The predominantly adverse effects of marrow treatment in newborn lungs are likely due to macrophage-associated paracrine effects. While this model and route of cell therapy may not achieve epithelial reconstitution, the role of selected stem cell populations and/or alternate routes of administration for cell-based therapy in injured newborn lungs deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Fritzell
- Women and Infants Hospital, Dept. of Pathology, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02905, USA
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Mao Q, Gundavarapu S, Patel C, Tsai A, Luks FI, De Paepe ME. The Fas system confers protection against alveolar disruption in hyperoxia-exposed newborn mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 39:717-29. [PMID: 18587053 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0052oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional significance of the Fas/Fas-ligand (FasL) system in hyperoxia-induced lung injury and alveolar disruption in newborn lungs in vivo remains undetermined. To assess the role of the Fas/FasL system, we compared the effects of hyperoxia (95% O2 from birth to Postnatal Day [P]7) in Fas-deficient lpr mice and wild-type mice. Alveolar disruption was more severe in hyperoxic lpr mice than in wild-type mice. In addition, a transient alveolarization defect was noted in normoxic lpr mice. Hyperoxia induced marked up-regulation of pulmonary Fas expression in wild-type mice, as well as elevated mRNA levels of pro-apoptotic Bax, Bad, and Bak. Pulmonary apoptotic activity was similar in hyperoxic wild-type and lpr mice. In contrast, lung growth and proliferation, assessed by stereologic volumetry and Ki67 proliferation studies, were significantly higher in hyperoxic wild-type mice compared with lpr mice, suggesting the Fas/FasL system has a pro-proliferative role in hyperoxic conditions. Levels of the prosurvival MAPkinase, pERK1/2, were significantly higher in hyperoxic wild-type mice compared with lpr mice, while pAkt levels were similar. These data suggest that the primary role of the Fas/FasL system in hyperoxic newborn lungs is pro-proliferative, rather than pro-apoptotic, and likely mediated through a Fas-ERK1/2 pathway. Fas-induced proliferation and lung growth in hyperoxic newborn lungs may counteract, in part, the detrimental effects of apoptosis mediated by non-Fas pathways, such as pro-apoptotic Bax/Bcl-2 family members. The capacity of the Fas/FasL signaling pathway to mediate protective rather than destructive functions in hyperoxic newborn lungs highlights the versatility of this complex pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfu Mao
- Department of Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island 02905, USA
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