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Ito K, Suzumura S, Kanada Y, Narukawa R, Sakurai H, Makino I, Abiko T, Oi S, Kondo I. The use of a companion robot to improve depression symptoms in a community-dwelling older adult during the coronavirus disease 2019 state of emergency. FUJITA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2023; 9:47-51. [PMID: 36789127 PMCID: PMC9923449 DOI: 10.20407/fmj.2021-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective We investigated the impact of using a companion robot on the mental state of a community-dwelling older adult who was receiving home-visit rehabilitation services during the state of emergency for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods This case involved an 80-year-old woman with compression fractures of lumbar vertebrae 1 and 2. Her medical history included hypothyroidism, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and depression. The companion robot used was Smibi®, a healing baby robot that responds in various ways depending on how the user interacts with it. The patient interacted (e.g., hugging, conversing) with Smibi® for 30 minutes per day for 1 month, from April 2020 (immediately before the declaration of a state of emergency in Japan) to May 2020. The patient was evaluated with the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) before and after using Smibi®. Results The SDS score decreased from 37 points to 26 points after the use of Smibi®. The items related to diurnal variation, sleep, despair about the future, and dissatisfaction decreased by 2-3 points. Conclusion Our findings suggest that interacting with Smibi® may improve depression in older adults who have been forced to refrain from going out due to the spread of COVID-19. Future studies with long-term follow-up and large sample sizes are required to confirm the effectiveness of companion robots in improving depression among community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ito
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shota Suzumura
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan,Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshikiyo Kanada
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rie Narukawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Isao Makino
- Togo Seisakusyo Corporation, Togo, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Shigeo Oi
- Togo Seisakusyo Corporation, Togo, Aichi, Japan
| | - Izumi Kondo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
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Maidana-Kulesza MN, Poma HR, Sanguino-Jorquera DG, Reyes SI, Del Milagro Said-Adamo M, Mainardi-Remis JM, Gutiérrez-Cacciabue D, Cristóbal HA, Cruz MC, Aparicio González M, Rajal VB. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 in rivers as a tool for epidemiological surveillance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022. [PMID: 35908692 DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.17.21259122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate if rivers could be used for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance. Five sampling points from three rivers (AR-1 and AR-2 in Arenales River, MR-1 and MR-2 in Mojotoro River, and CR in La Caldera River) from Salta (Argentina), two of them receiving discharges from wastewater plants (WWTP), were monitored from July to December 2020. Fifteen water samples from each point (75 in total) were collected and characterized physico-chemically and microbiologically and SARS-CoV-2 was quantified by RT-qPCR. Also, two targets linked to human contributions, human polyomavirus (HPyV) and RNase P, were quantified and used to normalize SARS-CoV-2 concentration, which was compared to reported COVID-19 cases. Statistical analyses allowed us to verify the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 and the concentration of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), as well as to find similarities and differences between sampling points. La Caldera River showed the best water quality; FIBs were within acceptable limits for recreational activities. Mojotoro River's water quality was not affected by the northern WWTP of the city. Instead, Arenales River presented the poorest water quality; at AR-2 was negatively affected by the discharges of the southern WWTP, which contributed to significant increase of fecal contamination. SARS-CoV-2 was found in about half of samples in low concentrations in La Caldera and Mojotoro Rivers, while it was high and persistent in Arenales River. No human tracers were detected in CR, only HPyV was found in MR-1, MR-2 and AR-1, and both were quantified in AR-2. The experimental and normalized viral concentrations strongly correlated with reported COVID-19 cases; thus, Arenales River at AR-2 reflected the epidemiological situation of the city. This is the first study showing the dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 concentration in an urban river highly impacted by wastewater and proved that can be used for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance to support health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Noel Maidana-Kulesza
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Hugo Ramiro Poma
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Diego Gastón Sanguino-Jorquera
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Sarita Isabel Reyes
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - María Del Milagro Said-Adamo
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Juan Martín Mainardi-Remis
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería, UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Dolores Gutiérrez-Cacciabue
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería, UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Héctor Antonio Cristóbal
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Cecilia Cruz
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Mónica Aparicio González
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Verónica Beatriz Rajal
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería, UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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3
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Maidana-Kulesza MN, Poma HR, Sanguino-Jorquera DG, Reyes SI, Del Milagro Said-Adamo M, Mainardi-Remis JM, Gutiérrez-Cacciabue D, Cristóbal HA, Cruz MC, Aparicio González M, Rajal VB. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 in rivers as a tool for epidemiological surveillance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157707. [PMID: 35908692 PMCID: PMC9334864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate if rivers could be used for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance. Five sampling points from three rivers (AR-1 and AR-2 in Arenales River, MR-1 and MR-2 in Mojotoro River, and CR in La Caldera River) from Salta (Argentina), two of them receiving discharges from wastewater plants (WWTP), were monitored from July to December 2020. Fifteen water samples from each point (75 in total) were collected and characterized physico-chemically and microbiologically and SARS-CoV-2 was quantified by RT-qPCR. Also, two targets linked to human contributions, human polyomavirus (HPyV) and RNase P, were quantified and used to normalize SARS-CoV-2 concentration, which was compared to reported COVID-19 cases. Statistical analyses allowed us to verify the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 and the concentration of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), as well as to find similarities and differences between sampling points. La Caldera River showed the best water quality; FIBs were within acceptable limits for recreational activities. Mojotoro River's water quality was not affected by the northern WWTP of the city. Instead, Arenales River presented the poorest water quality; at AR-2 was negatively affected by the discharges of the southern WWTP, which contributed to significant increase of fecal contamination. SARS-CoV-2 was found in about half of samples in low concentrations in La Caldera and Mojotoro Rivers, while it was high and persistent in Arenales River. No human tracers were detected in CR, only HPyV was found in MR-1, MR-2 and AR-1, and both were quantified in AR-2. The experimental and normalized viral concentrations strongly correlated with reported COVID-19 cases; thus, Arenales River at AR-2 reflected the epidemiological situation of the city. This is the first study showing the dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 concentration in an urban river highly impacted by wastewater and proved that can be used for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance to support health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Noel Maidana-Kulesza
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Hugo Ramiro Poma
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Diego Gastón Sanguino-Jorquera
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Sarita Isabel Reyes
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - María Del Milagro Said-Adamo
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Juan Martín Mainardi-Remis
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería, UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Dolores Gutiérrez-Cacciabue
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería, UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Héctor Antonio Cristóbal
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Cecilia Cruz
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Mónica Aparicio González
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Verónica Beatriz Rajal
- Laboratorio de Aguas y Suelos, Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Facultad de Ingeniería, UNSa, Av. Bolivia 5150, Salta 4400, Argentina; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Science Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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4
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Matsuura R, Maeda K, Hagiwara K, Mori Y, Kitamura T, Matsumoto Y, Aida Y. WO3 Photocatalyst Containing Copper Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 Pango Lineage A and Omicron BA.2 Variant in Visible Light and in Darkness. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080922. [PMID: 36015043 PMCID: PMC9415178 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019, which has been a global pandemic. Since SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted through contaminated surfaces and aerosols, environmental disinfection is important to block the spread of the virus. Photocatalysts are attractive tools for virus inactivation and are widely used as air purifiers and coating materials. However, photocatalysts are inactive in the dark, and some of them need to be excited with light of a specific wavelength. Therefore, photocatalysts that can effectively inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments are needed. Here, we show that a WO3 photocatalyst containing copper inactivated the SARS-CoV-2 WK-521 strain (Pango lineage A) upon irradiation with white light in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, this photocatalyst also inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in dark conditions due to the antiviral effect of copper. Furthermore, this photocatalyst inactivated not only the WK-521 strain but also the Omicron variant BA.2. These results indicate that the WO3 photocatalyst containing copper can inactivate indoor SARS-CoV-2 regardless of the variant, in visible light or darkness, making it an effective tool for controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Matsuura
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kyoji Hagiwara
- Advintage Co., Ltd., 1-1-1-705 Ebisuminami, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0022, Japan
| | - Yosuke Mori
- Advintage Co., Ltd., 1-1-1-705 Ebisuminami, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0022, Japan
| | - Toru Kitamura
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Yasunobu Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Laboratory of Global Animal Resource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Brogna C, Brogna B, Bisaccia DR, Giuliano M, Montano L, Cristoni S, Petrillo M, Piscopo M. SARS-CoV-2: Reinfection after 18 Months of a Previous Case with Multiple Negative Nasopharyngeal Swab Tests and Positive Fecal Molecular Test. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58050642. [PMID: 35630059 PMCID: PMC9148128 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58050642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This short communication describes the reinfection after nearly 18 months of the same patient who was previously infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and who showed multiple negative real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results by nasal swabs for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) but positive results on a fecal sample. We previously noted how, in the presence of symptoms suggestive of pneumonia, visible on a chest computed tomography (CT) scan and confirmed by fecal molecular testing, it was possible to draw the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. One year later, the same patient was again affected by SARS-CoV-2. This time, the first antigenic nasal swab showed readily positive results. However, the patient’s clinical course appeared to be more attenuated, showing no signs of pulmonary involvement in the radiographic examinations performed. This case shows a novelty in the pulmonary radiological evaluation of new SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Brogna
- Department of Research, Craniomed Group Facility SRL, 83038 Montemiletto, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Barbara Brogna
- Department of Radiology, Moscati Hospital, Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (B.B.)
| | | | - Marino Giuliano
- Marsanconsulting Srl Public Health Company, Via dei Fiorentini, 80133 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Luigi Montano
- Andrology Unit and Service of LifeStyle Medicine in Uro-Andrology, Local Health Authority (ASL), 84124 Salerno, Italy;
| | | | | | - Marina Piscopo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
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Ni YQ, Zeng HH, Song XW, Zheng J, Wu HQ, Liu CT, Zhang Y. Potential metal-related strategies for prevention and treatment of COVID-19. RARE METALS 2022; 41:1129-1141. [PMID: 35068851 PMCID: PMC8761834 DOI: 10.1007/s12598-021-01894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed severe threats to human health, public safety, and the global economy. Metal nutrient elements can directly or indirectly take part in human immune responses, and metal-related drugs have served as antiviral drugs and/or enzyme inhibitors for many years, providing potential solutions to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Metal-based drugs are currently under a variety of chemical structures and exhibit wide-range bioactivities, demonstrating irreplaceable advantages in pharmacology. This review is an intention to summarize recent progress in the prevention and treatment strategies against COVID-19 from the perspective of metal pharmacology. The current and potential utilization of metal-based drugs is briefly introduced. Specifically, metallohydrogels that have been shown to present superior antiviral activities are stressed in the paper as potential drugs for the treatment of COVID-19. Graphic abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qiong Ni
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Hui-Hui Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Xian-Wen Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Hui-Qiong Wu
- Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041 China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071 China
| | - Chun-Tai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
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Ahmadinejad M, Ahmadinejad I, Soltanian A, Mardasi KG, Taherzade N. Using new technicque in sigmoid volvulus surgery in patients affected by COVID19. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 70:102789. [PMID: 34512969 PMCID: PMC8416359 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus pandemic-initiated Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China. It mainly involves respiratory system and cause fever, cough. However, it has other manifestations such as GI system, CNS and skin involvement. It is transmitted mostly through respiratory system, but some researchers claim that in can potentially spread by oral, fecal or intestinal gas. During colorectal surgeries such as volvulus sigmoid, surgeons are at risk of exposure to intestinal gas. CASE PRESENTATION A 57-year-old mentally retarded man came to our emergency department with complain of abdominal pain, constipation, obstipation, nausea, vomiting and abdominal distention. His vital sign was stable and his laboratory data revealed no abnormality. His abdominal x-ray showed intestinal obstruction with suspicious of sigmoid volvulus. His PCR for COVID 19 was positive and his chest CT scan has manifestations of lung involvement. He was proceeded for surgery. CONCLUSION Owing to odds of spread of coronavirus through intestinal gas, in this case, sigmoid colon was removed without evacuation of intestinal gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ahmadinejad
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shahid Madani Hostpital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Ali Soltanian
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Shahid Madani Hostpital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Noshin Taherzade
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Lo CW, Matsuura R, Iimura K, Wada S, Shinjo A, Benno Y, Nakagawa M, Takei M, Aida Y. UVC disinfects SARS-CoV-2 by induction of viral genome damage without apparent effects on viral morphology and proteins. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13804. [PMID: 34226623 PMCID: PMC8257663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a pandemic threat worldwide and causes severe health and economic burdens. Contaminated environments, such as personal items and room surfaces, are considered to have virus transmission potential. Ultraviolet C (UVC) light has demonstrated germicidal ability and removes environmental contamination. UVC has inactivated SARS-CoV-2; however, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. It was confirmed here that UVC 253.7 nm, with a dose of 500 μW/cm2, completely inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in a time-dependent manner and reduced virus infectivity by 10-4.9-fold within 30 s. Immunoblotting analysis for viral spike and nucleocapsid proteins showed that UVC treatment did not damage viral proteins. The viral particle morphology remained intact even when the virus completely lost infectivity after UVC irradiation, as observed by transmission electronic microscopy. In contrast, UVC irradiation-induced genome damage was identified using the newly developed long reverse-transcription quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay, but not conventional RT-qPCR. The six developed long RT-PCR assays that covered the full-length viral genome clearly indicated a negative correlation between virus infectivity and UVC irradiation-induced genome damage (R2 ranging from 0.75 to 0.96). Altogether, these results provide evidence that UVC inactivates SARS-CoV-2 through the induction of viral genome damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Wen Lo
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi, Kami-Cho, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsuura
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi, Kami-Cho, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kazuki Iimura
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi, Kami-Cho, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
- Farmroid Co.,Ltd., 3-22-4 Funado, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 174-0041, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi, Kami-Cho, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shinjo
- Photonics Control Technology Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Benno
- Benno Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakagawa
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi, Kami-Cho, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Masami Takei
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi, Kami-Cho, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi, Kami-Cho, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
- Benno Laboratory, Baton Zone Program, RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation Hub, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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9
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Haresaku S, Aoki H, Kubota K, Nakashima F, Uchida S, Jinnouchi A, Naito T. Nurses' Perceptions of Oral Health Care Provision After the COVID-19 Lockdown. Int Dent J 2021; 72:242-248. [PMID: 34419244 PMCID: PMC8249674 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate nurses' perceptions of oral health care provision to inpatients in Japanese hospitals and the infection control measures taken by them after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown to promote collaborative oral health care. METHOD The participants were 1037 nurses working in inpatient wards at 4 hospitals in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey approximately 6 months after the first COVID-19 lockdown. RESULTS More than 90% of the 734 nurses participating in this study positively perceived the preventive effect of oral health care on aspiration pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and viral infection. However, approximately half of them had negative perceptions about their knowledge and confidence regarding the control of COVID-19 with oral health care provision, and 84.7% expected to be provided with the necessary information by oral health professionals. Further, 537 nurses (73.2%) provided oral health care to their patients; 9 nurses (1.7%) responded that those patients who received oral health care decreased after the lockdown; and 12 (2.4%) responded that they could no longer collaborate with oral health professionals because of the lockdown. Additionally, 41.7% of them used neither protective glasses nor face shields even after the lockdown began. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that almost all the nurses perceived the benefcial effect of oral health care for the prevention of viral infection and pneumonia. However, some nurses perceived that their oral health care provision and collaborative oral health care were negatively affected. It also showed that most nurses' knowledge, confidence, and use of infection control measures were insufficient. The results indicate that oral health professionals should support nurses in providing oral health care by providing them with information on COVID-19 infection control measures to prevent infection transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Haresaku
- Department of Nursing, Fukuoka Nursing College, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hisae Aoki
- Department of Nursing, Fukuoka Nursing College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiko Kubota
- Department of Nursing, Fukuoka Nursing College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Souhei Uchida
- Department of Nursing, Fukuoka Nursing College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Toru Naito
- Section of Geriatric Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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10
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Li L, Zeng M, Chen X, Cai S, Xu C, Xia W, Jiang L, Zou X, Chen P, Rong M. Optimizing Safe Dental Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations Based on a Guide Developed for Dental Practices in China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:619357. [PMID: 34124084 PMCID: PMC8187590 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.619357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is still exerting severe global implications, and its development in various regions is complex and variable. The high risk of cross-infection poses a great challenge to the dental practice environment; it is therefore urgent to develop a set of pandemic prevention measures to ensure dental practice safety during the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, we combined the epidemiological characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), public emergency measures for COVID-19, characteristics of dental practice, and relevant literature reports to develop a set of dynamic practice measures for dental practices in high-, medium-, and low-risk areas affected by COVID-19. This will help dental practices to achieve standard prevention and ensure their safe and smooth operation during the pandemic. It is hoped that these measures will provide a reference basis for dental hospitals and dental clinics in their care and pandemic prevention work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pei Chen
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingdeng Rong
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Pandey AK, Mudgil N, Wadgave Y, Mishra SS. Corneal transplantation during COVID-19 pandemic: need for special considerations-A live review. AIMS Public Health 2021; 8:186-195. [PMID: 34017884 PMCID: PMC8116183 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2021014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal blindness is the fourth leading cause of blindness worldwide, with 10 million people having bilateral corneal blindness, nearly 80% of all corneal blindness cases are avoidable and are reversible. Corneal transplantation (CT) is the most frequently performed type of transplant across the world. This review was conducted with the objective of identifying if it is safe to harvest the cornea from the patients died due to COVID-19 and preventing the chances of transmission from donor to the recipient or healthcare worker handling the harvested cornea. A total of 45 articles were found with the keywords and out of all, only 16 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. RT-PCR is the technique of choice for detection of virus in the corpse and the sample analyzed was a pharyngeal swab. Available literature states unavailability of sufficient evidence-based studies proving presence of virus in the cornea or tear of COVID affected patients There is no proven consensus on presence of Virus in cornea. It is important to follow preferred practice guidelines so as to restart eye banking and do at least the emergency surgeries without having risk of disease transmission and keeping ourselves safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar Pandey
- Disaster Management Cell, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), India
| | - Nidhi Mudgil
- Disaster Management Cell, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), India
| | - Yogesh Wadgave
- Disaster Management Cell, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), India
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12
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Morelli F, Meirelles LEDF, de Souza MVF, Mari NL, Mesquita CSS, Dartibale CB, Damke GMZF, Damke E, da Silva VRS, Souza RP, Consolaro MEL. COVID-19 Infection in the Human Reproductive Tract of Men and Nonpregnant Women. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:814-825. [PMID: 33534765 PMCID: PMC7941816 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped non-segmented positive-sense RNA virus, classified as a beta coronavirus, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), reported as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor, is expressed in different human tissues (lung, intestine, and kidney) and in the testis, ovaries, uterus, and vagina. This suggests a potential risk to the human reproductive tract in COVID-19 patients. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in the blood, urine, facial/anal swabs, semen, and vaginal secretion, suggesting other potential means of transmission. However, little has been reported about SARS-CoV-2 infection in the male and nonpregnant female reproductive tracts, which may provide direct evidence on sexual transmission and fertility problems. Therefore, we focused this narrative review mainly on the distribution of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 positivity in the male and nonpregnant female reproductive tracts, providing an overview of the potential threat of COVID-19 to reproductive health and sexual transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcia E. L. Consolaro
- Address correspondence to Marcia E. L. Consolaro, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Clinical Cytology and Semen Analysis, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Zona 7, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil. E-mail:
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13
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Ellis P, Somogyvári F, Virok DP, Noseda M, McLean GR. Decoding Covid-19 with the SARS-CoV-2 Genome. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2021; 9:1-12. [PMID: 33457109 PMCID: PMC7794078 DOI: 10.1007/s40142-020-00197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review SARS-CoV-2, the recently emerged coronavirus (CoV) that is responsible for the current global pandemic Covid-19, first appeared in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. Here, we summarise details of the SARS-CoV-2 genome to assist understanding of the emergence, evolution and diagnosis of this deadly new virus. Recent Findings Based on high similarities in the genome sequences, the virus is thought to have arisen from SARS-like CoVs in bats but the lack of an intermediate species containing a CoV with even greater similarity has so far eluded discovery. The critical determinant of the SARS-CoV-2 genome is the spike (S) gene encoding the viral structural protein that interacts with the host cell entry receptor ACE2. The S protein is sufficiently adapted to bind human ACE2 much more readily than SARS-CoV, the most closely related human CoV. Summary Although the SARS-CoV-2 genome is undergoing subtle evolution in humans through mutation that may enhance transmission, there is limited evidence for attenuation that might weaken the virus. It is also still unclear as to the events that led to the virus’ emergence from bats. Importantly, current diagnosis requires specific recognition and amplification of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA genome by qPCR, despite these ongoing viral genome changes. Alternative diagnostic procedures relying on immunoassay are becoming more prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Ellis
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
| | - Ferenc Somogyvári
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dezső P Virok
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Michela Noseda
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gary R McLean
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Centre, London Metropolitan University, London, UK
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14
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Jain V, Kanchan T, Krishan K. Exploring the emergence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Rapid Review. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020129. [PMID: 33525238 PMCID: PMC7927489 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i4.10852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the global pandemic of COVID-19. It has been shown to spread through respiratory droplets, direct contact and environmental fomites. The possibility of its spread by other modes viz. airborne, fecal-oral, vertical, etc. is being explored and can have implications in planning preventive strategies and disease management. A systematic analysis was carried out using the keywords; “COVID 19 vertical transmission”, “SARS-CoV-2 pregnancy”, and “SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission”, and the cases suggestive of possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 were studied in detail. The available evidences point at a possibility of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Jain
- Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India..
| | - Tanuj Kanchan
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, India.
| | - Kewal Krishan
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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15
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Harrison AG, Lin T, Wang P. Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Pathogenesis. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:1100-1115. [PMID: 33132005 PMCID: PMC7556779 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 673] [Impact Index Per Article: 168.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) marks the third highly pathogenic coronavirus to spill over into the human population. SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmissible with a broad tissue tropism that is likely perpetuating the pandemic. However, important questions remain regarding its transmissibility and pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize current SARS-CoV-2 research, with an emphasis on transmission, tissue tropism, viral pathogenesis, and immune antagonism. We further present advances in animal models that are important for understanding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, vaccine development, and therapeutic testing. When necessary, comparisons are made from studies with SARS to provide further perspectives on coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), as well as draw inferences for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Harrison
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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