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Wang S, Qin Y. The impact of crowd effects on home advantage of football matches during the COVID-19 pandemic-A systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289899. [PMID: 37972063 PMCID: PMC10653546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to (1) analyze whether the home advantage was diminished; (2) investigate the impact of the crowds' support on the match outcome and team performance; (3) explore the bias of the referee without crowds. Based on the PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines, this systematic review searched of literature was conducted in December 2022. The keywords related to soccer, COVID-19 and home advantage were used. The search returned 135 articles. After screening the records against set criteria, 28 articles were analyzed. Results showed that the absence of crowds would reduce the home advantage of teams, but the findings varied by country. Most leagues have evidence that without the support of the spectators, their technical, tactical and physical performances would be worse. The referee seems likely to be fairer when the spectators are absent. Therefore, crowd supports is an important factor affecting home advantage, the clubs can at least try to strengthen the home advantage and increase the winning possibility by encouraging spectators to enter the stadium or reducing the ticket price.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihang Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Physical Education, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
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2
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González-Rodenas J, Ferrandis J, Moreno-Pérez V, López-Del Campo R, Resta R, Del Coso J. Differences in playing style and technical performance according to the team ranking in the Spanish football LaLiga. A thirteen seasons study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293095. [PMID: 37862370 PMCID: PMC10588845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the differences in playing style and technical performance according to the ranking level in Spanish football teams. The sample comprised 38 professional teams that competed in LaLiga from 2008/09 to 2020/21, with a total of 4940 matches. The teams were grouped by their final ranking position: Champion (1st); Champions League (2nd-4th); Europa League (5th-6th); middle teams (7th-17th); and relegated teams (18th-20th). Linear mixed models were used to examine the effects of the team ranking on variables related to playing style and technical performance. The F2 statistic was calculated as effect size (ES). Regarding the style of play, the Champion teams initiated offensive sequences from a more advanced field position than the remaining ranking groups with a descending effect as the ranking position decreased (p < 0.001; ES = medium). The sequence duration and passes per sequence showed a decreasing effect across ranking groups (both p < 0.001; ES = small). In contrast, the direct speed showed an increasing effect as the ranking position decreased (p < 0.001; ES = small). A decreasing effect was observed in the number of sequences ending in the final third as the ranking position decreased (p < 0.001; ES = large) while no effect was found for the sequences ending in a shot. There was a reduction effect in ball possession, passing accuracy, through balls and crosses as the teams' ranking decreased (all p < 0.001; ES = small-to-large). In summary, higher-ranked teams had an advanced starting position, longer offensive sequences, slower progression speed, more ball possession, higher passing accuracy, and more crosses and through balls than lower-ranked teams. Football coaches should consider that adopting a playing style focused on regaining the ball possession in advanced field zones and using long passing sequences can be an effective tactical strategy to improve the teams' ranking during the season.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordi Ferrandis
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, Spain
- Catholic University of Valencia, “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor Moreno-Pérez
- Sports Research Center, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Resta
- Department of competitions and Mediacoach, LaLiga, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, Spain
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Aquino R, Guimarães R, Junior GOC, Clemente FM, García-Calvo T, Pulido JJ, Nobari H, Praça GM. Effects of match contextual factors on internal and external load in elite Brazilian professional soccer players through the season. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21287. [PMID: 36494482 PMCID: PMC9734126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of contextual match factors (quality of opposition, match outcome, change of head coach or playing style) on internal and external load in elite Brazilian professional soccer players, considering the total and effective playing time. Twenty-two professional male outfield soccer players participated in this study (age 28.4 ± 4.9 years; height 1.78 ± 0.1 cm; body mass 72.9 ± 7.1 kg). The internal (rating of perceived exertion-based load [sRPE]) and external load (distance and accelerometry-based measures) were recorded during 38 matches, over the 2021 season of the Brazilian National 1st Division League using a global position system (10 Hz) integrated with an accelerometer (200 Hz). The main results were: (i) matches played against weak opponents presented greater values of sprinting distances compared to matches against intermediate and strong opponents; (ii) players covered greater high-intensity running distances when drawing than winning the matches; (iii) matches with assistant coaches presented higher mean speed relative to effective playing time (MSEPT) compared to coach 1 and coach 2 conditions. In addition, players covered greater MSEPT and high-acceleration in matches with coach 2 vs. coach 3; (iv) finally, small positive correlations were observed between positional attack sequences and MSTPT, total distance covered, and acceleration. Coaches and practitioners should consider these results when interpreting external load variables during elite Brazilian soccer matches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Aquino
- grid.412371.20000 0001 2167 4168LabSport, Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Centre of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Guimarães
- Department of Physiology, América Football Club, Belo Horizonte, Brazil ,grid.8393.10000000119412521Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias del Deporte, Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- grid.27883.360000 0000 8824 6371Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal ,Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal ,grid.421174.50000 0004 0393 4941Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tomas García-Calvo
- grid.8393.10000000119412521Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Juan José Pulido
- grid.8393.10000000119412521Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Hadi Nobari
- grid.8393.10000000119412521Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad, 10003 Cáceres, Spain ,grid.413026.20000 0004 1762 5445Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Science and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh, Ardabil, 56199-11367 Iran ,grid.5120.60000 0001 2159 8361Department of Motor Performance, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, 500068 Braşov, Romania
| | - Gibson Moreira Praça
- grid.8430.f0000 0001 2181 4888Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Coutinho D, Gonçalves B, Laakso T, Travassos B. Clustering ball possession duration according to players' role in football small-sided games. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273460. [PMID: 36006932 PMCID: PMC9409585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore which offensive variables best discriminate the ball possession duration according to players specific role (defenders, midfielders, attackers) during a Gk+3vs3+Gk football small-sided games. Fifteen under-15 players (age 13.2±1.0 years, playing experience 4.2±1.0 years) were grouped according to their positions (team of defenders, n = 5; team of midfielders, n = 7; team of attackers, n = 3). On each testing day (n = 3), each team performed one bout of 5-min against each team in a random order, accounting for a total of nine bouts in the following scenarios: i) defenders vs midfielders; ii) defenders vs attackers; iii) midfielders vs attackers. Based on video, a notational analysis process allowed to capture individual and collective actions. According to each playing position group, discriminant analysis was used to identify relevant variables that discriminate different ball possession sequences (short, medium, and long). The analysis revealed the existence of three clusters according to ball possession duration, classified as short sequence (~4 seconds), medium sequence (~10 seconds) and long sequence (~18 seconds). The number of touches per possession was the variable that discriminates the ball possession duration from all playing positions while passing actions were related to midfielders and attackers. In addition, different ball possessions sequences in the attackers were also discriminated by the number of players involved per possession. Accordingly, to increase the duration of the offensive phase during small-sided games, coaches should foster the players' ability to stay on the ball, as it may amplify their opportunities to maintain the ball possession. In addition, coaches may also include reward rules to encourage midfielders and attackers' passing actions and the number of attackers involved during the attack to promote longer ball possessions durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Coutinho
- University of Maia, UMAIA, Maia, Portugal
- Department of Sports Sciences, Exercise and Health, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, CreativeLab Research Community, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Gonçalves
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Timo Laakso
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Bruno Travassos
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, CreativeLab Research Community, Vila Real, Portugal
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Oeiras, Portugal
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Wang SH, Qin Y, Jia Y, Igor KE. A systematic review about the performance indicators related to ball possession. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265540. [PMID: 35298562 PMCID: PMC8929629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to investigate the influence of the performance indicators related to ball possession on the match outcome and team performance. Following the PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines, this systematic review searched for literature on Web of Science, Scopus and Pub Med database, the publication date of the retrieved literature is set from January 2000 to December 2020. The keywords 'football' or 'soccer' were each paired with the following terms: 'ball possession', 'ball recovery', 'ball regain', 'transition', 'playing style', 'possession zone', 'duration' and 'running performance'. The search returned 2,436 articles. After screening the records against set criteria, 75 analysis were made, and their technical and physical indicators were identified. Through analysing ball-possession related variables, the review concluded that the match outcome is not related to ball possession percentage. The ball possession percentage is not dominant to predict the match success. The status of ball possession percentage can affect the team's performance in passing, organizational and running distance with the ball possession. There are league differences in ball possession strategies and duration. The frequency and offensive efficiency of direct ball recovery types are higher than indirect types. Ball possessions regained in the defensive third were higher than the final third. However, there remain some limitations such as the difference in the definition of concepts and sample participants, only a few studies consider the influence of situational variables and lack of in-depth analysis on ball possession strategy. Therefore, further study should adopt a more comprehensive approach, establishing a new connection between possession strategy and more technical and tactical indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si hang Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Physical Education, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - You Jia
- Department of Physical Education, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
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Kubayi A, Larkin P. Match-Related Statistics Differentiating Winning and Losing Teams at the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations Soccer Championship. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:807198. [PMID: 35280227 PMCID: PMC8913890 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.807198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated game-related statistics differentiating the winning and losings teams of matches during the 2019 African Cup of Nations (AFCON) soccer tournament. The sample consisted of 38 games, with the data obtained from the InStat Scout platform. Data were analyzed using mean (M), SD, effect size (ES), structure coefficients (SCs), and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results showed that the winning teams performed significantly better than the losing teams in terms of shots (M = 12.13, SD = 4.67, Z = −2.26, ES = 0.62), shots on target (M = 5.05, SD = 2.54, Z = −4.22, ES = 1.13), and shots from counter-attacks (M = 2.24, SD = 1.42, Z = −2.48, ES = 0.57). Shots on target (SC = 1.22), shots (SC = −0.73), fouls (SC = 0.60), total passes (SC = 0.44), and yellow cards (SC = −0.32) presented the highest discriminatory power. These findings highlight the key match performance variables which influence the game results and may assist coaches in developing and implementing team strategies to improve the likelihood of winning the AFCON championship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alliance Kubayi
- Department of Sport, Rehabilitation and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Alliance Kubayi
| | - Paul Larkin
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Effects of Match Location, Quality of Opposition and Match Outcome on Match Running Performance in a Portuguese Professional Football Team. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23080973. [PMID: 34441113 PMCID: PMC8391710 DOI: 10.3390/e23080973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of match location, quality of opposition and match outcome on match running performance according to playing position in a Portuguese professional football team. Twenty-three male professional football players were monitored from eighteen Portuguese Football League matches during the 2019-2020 season. Global positioning system technology (GPS) was used to collect time-motion data. The match running performance was obtained from five playing positions: central defenders (CD), fullbacks (FB), central midfielders (CM), wide midfielders (WM) and forwards (FW). Match running performance was analyzed within specific position and contextual factors using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures, standardized (Cohen) differences and smallest worthwhile change. CM and WM players covered significantly greater total distance (F = 15.45, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.334) and average speed (F = 12.79, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.294). WM and FB players covered higher distances at high-speed running (F = 16.93, p = 0.000, η2 = 0.355) and sprinting (F = 13.49; p < 0.001, η2 = 0.305). WM players covered the highest number of accelerations (F = 4.69, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.132) and decelerations (F = 12.21, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.284). The match running performance was influenced by match location (d = 0.06-2.04; CI: -0.42-2.31; SWC = 0.01-1.10), quality of opposition (d = 0.13-2.14; CI: -0.02-2.60; SWC = 0.01-1.55) and match outcome (d = 0.01-2.49; CI: -0.01-2.31; SWC = 0.01-0.35). Contextual factors influenced the match running performance with differential effects between playing positions. This study provides the first report about the contextual influence on match running performance in a Portuguese professional football team. Future research should also integrate tactical and technical key indicators when analyzing the match-related contextual influence on match running performance.
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Prediction of Match Outcomes with Multivariate Statistical Methods for the Group Stage in the UEFA Champions League. J Hum Kinet 2021; 79:197-209. [PMID: 34400999 PMCID: PMC8336563 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the win, draw, and loss outcomes of soccer matches with situational variables and performance indicators. Data from group stage matches spanning the ten years between the 2010/2011 and 2019/2020 seasons in the European Champions League, were used. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD (honestly significant difference) tests indicated performance indicators which affected the outcome of matches. K-mean clustering, with statistically significant variables, categorized the quality of the opposition into three clusters: weak, balanced, and strong. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) and decision tree analysis were applied to each of these clusters, highlighting that performance indicators of the teams differed according to the quality of their opponent. Furthermore, according to the decision tree analysis, certain performance indicators, including scoring first and shots on target, increased the chances of winning regardless of the quality of the opposition. Finally, particular performance indicators increased the chance of winning, while others decreased this, in accordance with the quality of the opposition. These findings can help coaches develop different strategies, before or during the match, based on the quality of opponents, situational variables, and performance indicators.
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Gong B, Cui Y, Zhang S, Zhou C, Yi Q, Gómez-Ruano MÁ. Impact of technical and physical key performance indicators on ball possession in the Chinese Super League. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2021.1957296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan Gong
- Institute of Physical Education and Training, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
- Facultad De Ciencias De La Actividad Física Y Del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica De Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yixiong Cui
- School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoliang Zhang
- Division of Sport Science & Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Changjing Zhou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Yi
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Miguel-Ángel Gómez-Ruano
- Facultad De Ciencias De La Actividad Física Y Del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica De Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Differentiating African Teams from European Teams: Identifying the Key Performance Indicators in the FIFA World Cup 2018. J Hum Kinet 2020; 73:203-208. [PMID: 32774551 PMCID: PMC7386154 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. Despite this global popularity, European teams in contrast to African ones, have dominated the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup tournaments for many decades. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the performance indicators that differentiated between African and European teams in the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Thirty matches played by five European (n = 15) and five African teams (n = 15) from the group stages of the World Cup were analysed using the InStat video system. The results showed that European teams had higher averages than African teams on the following performance variables: total shots, shots on target, goals scored from open play and set pieces, ball possession, short passes, medium passes, total passes, accurate passes and corner kicks. Therefore, soccer coaches should take note of these findings as they could serve as a benchmark for African teams to set trends and improve their performance at FIFA World Cup tournaments.
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