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Hazan S, Smith M, Lander S, Carlson A, Walters C. Bifidobacterium Against COVID-19: A Mother and Her Newborn's Gut Microbiome. Cureus 2024; 16:e60038. [PMID: 38854284 PMCID: PMC11162645 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Several treatments and preventive measures for SARS-CoV-2 were studied during the pandemic, but few focused on the neonatal gut microbiome and its role in the setting of COVID-19. This case report is unique because it describes the gut microbiomes of a mother and her newborn, who both contracted COVID-19 shortly after the baby's birth. In this prospective study, on day 11 postpartum, both the newborn and mother (38 years old), of white race/ethnicity, were exposed to a COVID-19-positive person. After exposure, the mother received a 40,000 IU bolus of vitamin D orally and started a five-day course of high-dose vitamin C (10,000 mg daily), after which she continued her daily combination of vitamins C, D, and zinc pill with probiotic skyr yogurt and manuka honey. Stool specimens and DNA were extracted, quantitated, and normalized from the mother and the newborn for downstream library fabrication utilizing shotgun methodology. Baseline Bifidobacteria level for the mother was 1.5% which increased to 19% on day 15 postpartum after testing positive for COVID-19 and taking vitamin C. Neonatal Bifidobacteriasteadily increased regardless of COVID-19 infection. We propose that the disease course was altered by maternal supplementation of vitamins C and D and zinc, which may have increased Bifidobacterium levels and led to improved outcomes for both patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Smith
- Biomedical Sciences, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, USA
| | - Skye Lander
- Biomedical Sciences, California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, USA
| | - Abby Carlson
- Research and Development, ProgenaBiome, Ventura, USA
| | - Camila Walters
- Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
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Basu S, Verma RN, Joshi A, Dwivedi D, Mateen MA, Bhatia JS. A prospective observational study to correlate lung ultrasound with clinical severity and prognosis score in patients with primary pulmonary pathology on invasive ventilatory support. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci 2023; 13:151-158. [PMID: 38292395 PMCID: PMC10824203 DOI: 10.4103/ijciis.ijciis_31_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a known imaging modality employed for monitoring patients in an intensive care unit. This study evaluates, LUS in assessing disease severity and prognosis, by correlating its score with the three commonly used clinical severity scoring systems (CSSS), namely, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, and simplified acute physiology score (SAPS) II. Methods This single-center prospective observational study included 54 adult patients of primary lung disease-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), on invasive ventilation. The primary objective was to correlate LUS score with SOFA score. Secondary objectives were to correlate LUS score with APACHE II and SAPS II scores. LUS score was also correlated with the estimated mortality derived from the above-mentioned scores. A subgroup analysis on COVID-19-positive cases was also carried out. All scores were calculated on the initiation of mechanical ventilation, daily for 7 days or mortality, whichever was earlier. Results A significant positive correlation (P < 0.001) was found between LUS and all three severity scores, as well as their corresponding estimated mortality percentages, for all days of the study period, in both non-COVID-19 ARDS patients and in COVID-19 patients. The merit of all four scores in differentiating between the survivor and mortality group for the duration of study also showed significant (P < 0.05) to very significant (P < 0.001) results. Conclusion Point-of-care LUS in conjunction with CSSS is a reliable tool for assessing the severity and progression of primary lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Basu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rishiraj Narayan Verma
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Aditya Joshi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Deepak Dwivedi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohammad Abdul Mateen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jagdeep Singh Bhatia
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Ahmadi Badi S, Malek A, Paolini A, Rouhollahi Masoumi M, Seyedi SA, Amanzadeh A, Masotti A, Khatami S, Siadat SD. Downregulation of ACE, AGTR1, and ACE2 genes mediating SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis by gut microbiota members and their postbiotics on Caco-2 cells. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105798. [PMID: 36174833 PMCID: PMC9511898 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a complex infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that can cause also gastrointestinal symptoms. There are various factors that determine the host susceptibility and severity of infection, including the renin-angiotensin system, the immune response, and the gut microbiota. In this regard, we aimed to investigate the gene expression of ACE, AGTR1, ACE2, and TMPRSS2, which mediate SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis by Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and Bacteroides fragilis on Caco-2 cells. Also, the enrichment analysis considering the studied genes was analyzed on raw data from the microarray analysis of COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Caco-2 cells were treated with live, heat-inactivated form and cell free supernatants of A. muciniphila, F. prausnitzii, B. thetaiotaomicron and B. fragilis for overnight. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, the expression of studied genes was assessed by RT-qPCR. DNA methylation of studied genes was analyzed by Partek® Genomics Suite® software on the GSE174818 dataset. We used GSE164805 and GSE166552 datasets from COVID-19 patients to perform enrichment analysis by considering the mentioned genes via GEO2R, DAVID. Finally, the related microRNAs to GO terms concerned on the studied genes were identified by miRPath. RESULTS The downregulation of ACE, AGTR1, and ACE2 genes by A. muciniphila, F. prausnitzii, B. thetaiotaomicron, and B. fragilis in live, heat-inactivated, and cell-free supernatants was reported for the first time. These genes had hypomethylated DNA status in COVID-19 patients' raw data. The highest fold enrichment in upregulated RAS pathways and immune responses belonged to ACE, AGTR1, and ACE2 by considering the protein-protein interaction network. The common miRNAs targeting the studied genes were reported as miR-124-3p and miR-26b-5p. In combination with our experimental data and bioinformatic analysis, we showed the potential of A. muciniphila, F. prausnitzii, B. thetaiotaomicron, and B. fragilis and postbiotics to reduce ACE, ATR1, and ACE2 expression, which are essential genes that drive upregulated biological processes in COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION Accordingly, due to the potential of studied bacteria on the alteration of ACE, AGTR1, ACE2 genes expression, understanding their correlation with demonstrated miRNAs expression could be valuable. These findings suggest the importance of considering targeted gut microbiota intervention when designing the possible therapeutic strategy for controlling the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahmadi Badi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amin Malek
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alessandro Paolini
- Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, V.le di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mahya Rouhollahi Masoumi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Amirhesam Seyedi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Amanzadeh
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Andrea Masotti
- Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù-IRCCS, Research Laboratories, V.le di San Paolo 15, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Shohreh Khatami
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Montazeri-Najafabady N, Kazemi K, Gholami A. Recent advances in antiviral effects of probiotics: potential mechanism study in prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022; 77:3211-3228. [PMID: 35789756 PMCID: PMC9244507 DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), progressively extended worldwide countries on an epidemic scale. Along with all the drug treatments suggested to date, currently, there are no approved management protocols and treatment regimens for SARS-CoV-2. The unavailability of optimal medication and effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 indicates the requirement for alternative therapies. Probiotics are living organisms that deliberate beneficial effects on the host when used sufficiently and in adequate amounts, and fermented food is their rich source. Probiotics affect viruses by antiviral mechanisms and reduce diarrhea and respiratory tract infection. At this point, we comprehensively evaluated the antiviral effects of probiotics and their mechanism with a particular focus on SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we suggested the conceptual and potential mechanisms of probiotics by which they could exhibit antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2, according to the previous evidence concerning the mechanism of antiviral effects of probiotics. This study reviewed recent studies that speculate about the role of probiotics in the prevention of the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm through the mechanisms such as induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6), inhibition of JAK signaling pathway, and act as HDAC inhibitor. Also, the recent clinical trials and their outcome have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Montazeri-Najafabady
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kimia Kazemi
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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5
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Hazan S, Stollman N, Bozkurt HS, Dave S, Papoutsis AJ, Daniels J, Barrows BD, Quigley EM, Borody TJ. Lost microbes of COVID-19: Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium depletion and decreased microbiome diversity associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection severity. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2022; 9:bmjgast-2022-000871. [PMID: 35483736 PMCID: PMC9051551 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2022-000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study objective was to compare gut microbiome diversity and composition in SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients whose symptoms ranged from asymptomatic to severe versus PCR-negative exposed controls. DESIGN Using a cross-sectional design, we performed shotgun next-generation sequencing on stool samples to evaluate gut microbiome composition and diversity in both patients with SARS-CoV-2 PCR-confirmed infections, which had presented to Ventura Clinical Trials for care from March 2020 through October 2021 and SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative exposed controls. Patients were classified as being asymptomatic or having mild, moderate or severe symptoms based on National Institute of Health criteria. Exposed controls were individuals with prolonged or repeated close contact with patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection or their samples, for example, household members of patients or frontline healthcare workers. Microbiome diversity and composition were compared between patients and exposed controls at all taxonomic levels. RESULTS Compared with controls (n=20), severely symptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected patients (n=28) had significantly less bacterial diversity (Shannon Index, p=0.0499; Simpson Index, p=0.0581), and positive patients overall had lower relative abundances of Bifidobacterium (p<0.0001), Faecalibacterium (p=0.0077) and Roseburium (p=0.0327), while having increased Bacteroides (p=0.0075). Interestingly, there was an inverse association between disease severity and abundance of the same bacteria. CONCLUSION We hypothesise that low bacterial diversity and depletion of Bifidobacterium genera either before or after infection led to reduced proimmune function, thereby allowing SARS-CoV-2 infection to become symptomatic. This particular dysbiosis pattern may be a susceptibility marker for symptomatic severity from SARS-CoV-2 infection and may be amenable to preinfection, intrainfection or postinfection intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04031469 (PCR-) and 04359836 (PCR+).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Stollman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Alta Bates Summit Medical Center, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Huseyin S Bozkurt
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Istanbul Maltepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sonya Dave
- N/A, Microbiome Research, Inc, Ventura, California, USA.,Medical Writing and Biostatistics, North End Advisory, Smyrna, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eamonn Mm Quigley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas J Borody
- N/A, Centre for Digestive Diseases, Five Dock, New South Wales, Australia
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6
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Pérez-Cobas AE, Baquero F, de Pablo R, Soriano MC, Coque TM. Altered Ecology of the Respiratory Tract Microbiome and Nosocomial Pneumonia. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:709421. [PMID: 35222291 PMCID: PMC8866767 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.709421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial pneumonia is one of the most frequent infections in critical patients. It is primarily associated with mechanical ventilation leading to severe illness, high mortality, and prolonged hospitalization. The risk of mortality has increased over time due to the rise in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections, which represent a global public health threat. Respiratory tract microbiome (RTM) research is growing, and recent studies suggest that a healthy RTM positively stimulates the immune system and, like the gut microbiome, can protect against pathogen infection through colonization resistance (CR). Physiological conditions of critical patients and interventions as antibiotics administration and mechanical ventilation dramatically alter the RTM, leading to dysbiosis. The dysbiosis of the RTM of ICU patients favors the colonization by opportunistic and resistant pathogens that can be part of the microbiota or acquired from the hospital environments (biotic or built ones). Despite recent evidence demonstrating the significance of RTM in nosocomial infections, most of the host-RTM interactions remain unknown. In this context, we present our perspective regarding research in RTM altered ecology in the clinical environment, particularly as a risk for acquisition of nosocomial pneumonia. We also reflect on the gaps in the field and suggest future research directions. Moreover, expected microbiome-based interventions together with the tools to study the RTM highlighting the "omics" approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elena Pérez-Cobas
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Baquero
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl de Pablo
- Intensive Care Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Cruz Soriano
- Intensive Care Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa M Coque
- Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
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Salazar-Robles E, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Badillo H, Calderón-Juárez M, García-Bárcenas CA, Ledesma-Pérez PD, Lerma A, Lerma C. Association between severity of COVID-19 symptoms and habitual food intake in adult outpatients. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2022; 4:469-478. [PMID: 35024547 PMCID: PMC8594975 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the association between habitual frequency of food intake of certain food groups during the COVID-19 pandemic and manifestations of COVID-19 symptoms in adult outpatients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. Design We included 236 patients who attended an outpatient clinic for suspected COVID-19 evaluation. Severity of symptoms, habitual food intake frequency, demographics and Bristol chart scores were obtained before diagnostic confirmation with real-time reverse transcriptase PCR using nasopharyngeal swab. Results The results of the COVID-19 diagnostic tests were positive for 103 patients (44%) and negative for 133 patients (56%). In the SARS-CoV-2-positive group, symptom severity scores had significant negative correlations with habitual intake frequency of specific food groups. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex and occupation confirmed that SARS-CoV-2-positive patients showed a significant negative association between having higher symptom severity and the habitual intake frequency of ‘legumes’ and ‘grains, bread and cereals’. Conclusions Increase in habitual frequency of intake of ‘legumes’, and ‘grains, bread and cereals’ food groups decreased overall symptom severity in patients with COVID-19. This study provides a framework for designing a protective diet during the COVID-19 pandemic and also establishes a hypothesis of using a diet-based intervention in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which may be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elihud Salazar-Robles
- Centro Universitario de la Costa, Department of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- Chemical Engineering (Food Science and Technology), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Humberto Badillo
- Centro de Salud Jalalpa el Grande, Secretaría de Salud de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martín Calderón-Juárez
- Plan de Estudios Combinados en Medicina (PECEM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cesar Alberto García-Bárcenas
- Centro Universitario de la Costa, Department of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
| | | | - Abel Lerma
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Claudia Lerma
- Department of Electromechanical Instrumentation, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Hoque MN, Sarkar MMH, Rahman MS, Akter S, Banu TA, Goswami B, Jahan I, Hossain MS, Shamsuzzaman AKM, Nafisa T, Molla MMA, Yeasmin M, Ghosh AK, Osman E, Alam SKS, Uzzaman MS, Habib MA, Mahmud ASM, Crandall KA, Islam T, Khan MS. SARS-CoV-2 infection reduces human nasopharyngeal commensal microbiome with inclusion of pathobionts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24042. [PMID: 34911967 PMCID: PMC8674272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03245-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota of the nasopharyngeal tract (NT) play a role in host immunity against respiratory infectious diseases. However, scant information is available on interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with the nasopharyngeal microbiome. This study characterizes the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on human nasopharyngeal microbiomes and their relevant metabolic functions. Twenty-two (n = 22) nasopharyngeal swab samples (including COVID-19 patients = 8, recovered humans = 7, and healthy people = 7) were collected, and underwent to RNAseq-based metagenomic investigation. Our RNAseq data mapped to 2281 bacterial species (including 1477, 919 and 676 in healthy, COVID-19 and recovered metagenomes, respectively) indicating a distinct microbiome dysbiosis. The COVID-19 and recovered samples included 67% and 77% opportunistic bacterial species, respectively compared to healthy controls. Notably, 79% commensal bacterial species found in healthy controls were not detected in COVID-19 and recovered people. Similar dysbiosis was also found in viral and archaeal fraction of the nasopharyngeal microbiomes. We also detected several altered metabolic pathways and functional genes in the progression and pathophysiology of COVID-19. The nasopharyngeal microbiome dysbiosis and their genomic features determined by our RNAseq analyses shed light on early interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with the nasopharyngeal resident microbiota that might be helpful for developing microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics for this novel pandemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nazmul Hoque
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Murshed Hasan Sarkar
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - M Shaminur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Shahina Akter
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjina Akhtar Banu
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Barna Goswami
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Iffat Jahan
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - M Saddam Hossain
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Tasnim Nafisa
- National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Center, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - M Maruf Ahmed Molla
- National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Center, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmuda Yeasmin
- National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Center, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Asish Kumar Ghosh
- National Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Referral Center, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Eshrar Osman
- SciTech Consulting and Solutions, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh
| | - S K Saiful Alam
- Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmad Medical College, Gazipur, 1700, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Ahashan Habib
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Keith A Crandall
- Computational Biology Institute and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), BSMRAU, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Salim Khan
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.
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9
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Venegas-Borsellino C, Sankararaman S, Roche K, Burns JB, Landis RM. Impact of COVID-19 on the Intestinal Microbiome. Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:300-306. [PMID: 34813042 PMCID: PMC8609508 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review article aims to explore the GI changes induced by SARS-CoV-2 and how gut microbial homeostasis can influence these changes and affect the lung-gut axis and its relationship with the induction of the cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19 patients. RECENT FINDINGS Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects not only the respiratory system but can produce multi-systemic damage. The expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the high prevalence of GI symptoms in severely ill COVID-19 patients, and the abnormalities described in the gut microbiome in these patients have raised concerns about the influence of GI tract as a risk factor or as a potential modulator to reduce the severity of COVID-19. Understanding the mechanisms by which gut dysbiosis may influence viral transmission and disease progression in COVID-19 may help in shaping how accessible therapies, like diet modulation, can potentially help beat the devastating consequences of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Venegas-Borsellino
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| | - Senthilkumar Sankararaman
- Department of Pediatrics (Pediatric Gastroenterology, UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Hepatology & Nutrition), Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Keelin Roche
- Department of Surgery (Trauma Surgery, Critical Care & Acute Care Surgery), East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - JBracken Burns
- Department of Surgery (Trauma Surgery, Critical Care & Acute Care Surgery), East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Ryan Michael Landis
- Department of Surgery (Trauma Surgery, Critical Care & Acute Care Surgery), East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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10
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Rothschild N. Does Fecal-Oral Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Due to Low Sanitation Conditions Contribute to Low Mortality Rates From COVID-19. Cureus 2021; 13:e18557. [PMID: 34754698 PMCID: PMC8571565 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic generated by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The primary infection site is mucosal surfaces, mainly the lungs and the intestine, where epithelial cells can be infected. COVID-19 has spread throughout the world, causing millions of deaths and hundreds of millions of confirmed infections. Despite the global spread of SARS-CoV-2, there are extreme differences between countries in mortality rates and confirmed infections. METHODS Pearson correlations and a t-test were performed on data from 137 countries in order to test the correlation between number of deaths from diarrheal diseases (pre-COVID-19 pandemic data) as a marker for countries' sanitation level, and the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths per million. RESULTS It was found that countries' prevalence of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths per million are statistically correlated with their sanitation level. CONCLUSIONS The hypothesis proposed in this article is that the low mortality rates from COVID-19 in countries where the level of sanitation is low are due to fecal-oral infection of the population by SARS-CoV-2, rather than infection of the respiratory system. This hypothesis is supported by the protective effect of the low sanitation level presented in this work and the fact that lung infection by SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe pathology, while infection in the intestine generally causes minor or no symptoms.
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El-Sayed A, Aleya L, Kamel M. Microbiota's role in health and diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:36967-36983. [PMID: 34043164 PMCID: PMC8155182 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome is a term that usually refers to the community of various microorganisms that inhabit/live inside human/animal bodies or on their skin. It forms a complex ecosystem that includes trillions of commensals, symbiotics, and even pathogenic microorganisms. The external environment, diet, and lifestyle are the major determinants influencing the microbiome's composition and vitality. Recent studies have indicated the tremendous influence of the microbiome on health and disease. Their number, constitution, variation, and viability are dynamic. All these elements are responsible for the induction, development, and treatment of many health disorders. Serious diseases such as cancer, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and even psychological disorders such as schizophrenia are influenced directly or indirectly by microbiota. In addition, in the last few weeks, accumulating data about the link between COVID-19 and the microbiota were published. In the present work, the role of the microbiome in health and disease is discussed. A deep understanding of the exact role of microbiota in disease induction enables the prevention of diseases and the development of new therapeutic concepts for most diseases through the correction of diet and lifestyle. The present review brings together evidence from the most recent works and discusses suggested nutraceutical approaches for the management of COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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12
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis: Losing Our Immunity When We Need It the Most. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:545. [PMID: 34207024 PMCID: PMC8235440 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis has led to a new socioeconomic reality with the acquisition of novel habits. Measures imposed by governments and health authorities such as confinement and lockdown have had important consequences, including mental health problems, economic crisis, and social isolation. Combined with newly acquired habits such as hand washing, sanitization, and face masks, these have all directly and indirectly led to reduced immunity. Such effects on the immune system not only impact the epidemiological profile with respect to COVID-19 and other infectious diseases but also limit the efficacy of the ongoing anti-COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Therefore, there is a need to review these approaches and optimize measures towards better population immunity, which is much needed during such an epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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13
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Co-Encapsulated Synbiotics and Immobilized Probiotics in Human Health and Gut Microbiota Modulation. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061297. [PMID: 34200108 PMCID: PMC8230215 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing interest in the development of innovative functional products as ideal carriers for synbiotics, e.g., nutrient bars, yogurt, chocolate, juice, ice cream, and cheese, to ensure the daily intake of probiotics and prebiotics, which are needed to maintain a healthy gut microbiota and overall well-being, is undeniable and inevitable. This review focuses on the modern approaches that are currently being developed to modulate the gut microbiota, with an emphasis on the health benefits mediated by co-encapsulated synbiotics and immobilized probiotics. The impact of processing, storage, and simulated gastrointestinal conditions on the viability and bioactivity of probiotics together with prebiotics such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytochemicals, and dietary fibers using various delivery systems are considered. Despite the proven biological properties of synbiotics, research in this area needs to be focused on the proper selection of probiotic strains, their prebiotic counterparts, and delivery systems to avoid suppression of their synergistic or complementary effect on human health. Future directions should lead to the development of functional food products containing stable synbiotics tailored for different age groups or specifically designed to fulfill the needs of adjuvant therapy.
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14
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Al-Beltagi M, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS, El-Sawaf Y. Paediatric gastrointestinal disorders in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Epidemiological and clinical implications. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:1716-1727. [PMID: 33967552 PMCID: PMC8072196 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i16.1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a threat worldwide for individuals of all ages, including children. Gastrointestinal manifestations could be the initial presenting manifestation in many patients, especially in children. These symptoms are more common in patients with severe disease than in patients with non-severe disease. Approximately 48.1% of patients had a stool sample that was positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral RNA. Children typically form 1%-8% of all laboratory-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2. Gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 in children are not rare, with a prevalence between 0 and 88%, and a wide variety of presentations, including diarrhoea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, can develop before, with or after the development of respiratory symptoms. Atypical manifestations such as appendicitis or liver injury could also appear, especially in the presence of multisystem inflammatory disease. In this review, we discussed the epidemiology of COVID-19 gastrointestinal diseases in children as well as their implications on the diagnosis, misdiagnosis, prognosis, and faecal-oral transmission route of COVID-19 and the impact of gastrointestinal diseases on the gut microbiome, child nutrition, and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Algharbia, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Microbiology Section, Pathology Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama 12, Bahrain
- Department of Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Muharraq, Bahrain
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Chest Diseases, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Algharbia, Egypt
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Yasser El-Sawaf
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Algharbia, Egypt
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
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15
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Al-Beltagi M, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS, El-Sawaf Y. Paediatric gastrointestinal disorders in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Epidemiological and clinical implications. World J Gastroenterol 2021. [PMID: 33967552 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i16.1716.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a threat worldwide for individuals of all ages, including children. Gastrointestinal manifestations could be the initial presenting manifestation in many patients, especially in children. These symptoms are more common in patients with severe disease than in patients with non-severe disease. Approximately 48.1% of patients had a stool sample that was positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral RNA. Children typically form 1%-8% of all laboratory-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2. Gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 in children are not rare, with a prevalence between 0 and 88%, and a wide variety of presentations, including diarrhoea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, can develop before, with or after the development of respiratory symptoms. Atypical manifestations such as appendicitis or liver injury could also appear, especially in the presence of multisystem inflammatory disease. In this review, we discussed the epidemiology of COVID-19 gastrointestinal diseases in children as well as their implications on the diagnosis, misdiagnosis, prognosis, and faecal-oral transmission route of COVID-19 and the impact of gastrointestinal diseases on the gut microbiome, child nutrition, and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Algharbia, Egypt
| | - Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Microbiology Section, Pathology Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama 12, Bahrain
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Chest Diseases, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Algharbia, Egypt
| | - Yasser El-Sawaf
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Algharbia, Egypt
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Acosta A, Fonte L, Sarmiento ME, Norazmi MN. Does our Mycobacteriome Influence COVID-19 Morbidity and Lethality? Front Microbiol 2021; 12:589165. [PMID: 33613475 PMCID: PMC7890112 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.589165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Armando Acosta
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Luis Fonte
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Havana, Cuba
| | - Maria E Sarmiento
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nor Norazmi
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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17
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Fedullo AL, Schiattarella A, Morlando M, Raguzzini A, Toti E, De Franciscis P, Peluso I. Mediterranean Diet for the Prevention of Gestational Diabetes in the Covid-19 Era: Implications of Il-6 In Diabesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1213. [PMID: 33530554 PMCID: PMC7866163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to highlight the influence of the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and Gestational Weight Gain (GWG) during the COVID-19 pandemic era and the specific role of interleukin (IL)-6 in diabesity. It is known that diabetes, high body mass index, high glycated hemoglobin and raised serum IL-6 levels are predictive of poor outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The immunopathological mechanisms of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection include rising levels of several cytokines and in particular IL-6. The latter is associated with hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and could be useful for predicting the development of GDM. Rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, MedDiet improves the immune system and could modulate IL-6, C reactive protein and Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB. Moreover, polyphenols could modulate microbiota composition, inhibit the NF-κB pathway, lower IL-6, and upregulate antioxidant enzymes. Finally, adhering to the MedDiet prior to and during pregnancy could have a protective effect, reducing GWG and the risk of GDM, as well as improving the immune response to viral infections such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lucia Fedullo
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.L.F.); (A.R.); (E.T.)
| | - Antonio Schiattarella
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (M.M.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Maddalena Morlando
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (M.M.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Anna Raguzzini
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.L.F.); (A.R.); (E.T.)
| | - Elisabetta Toti
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.L.F.); (A.R.); (E.T.)
| | - Pasquale De Franciscis
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (M.M.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), 00178 Rome, Italy; (A.L.F.); (A.R.); (E.T.)
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