Relationship between job satisfaction and sleep quality of female shift-working nurses: using shift type as moderator variable

The relationship between quick return shift schedules and burnout among nurses: A prospective repeated measures multi-source study

BACKGROUND

In today's world, essential health care services are expected round the clock, leading to distinct shift work requirements. A notable aspect is the "quick return," where the rest interval between nursing shifts is <11 h. Preliminary research suggests a potential association between quick return schedules, diminished sleep quality, and possible nurse burnout. Yet, the motivation of nurses could potentially moderate this relationship.

OBJECTIVE

To examine a moderated-mediation model, whereby sleep duration and nurse's motivation act together to mediate the link between quick return schedules and nurse's burnout.

DESIGN

A prospective repeated measures (4-5 nursing shifts per nurse) multi-source (self-report and objective measures) study.

SETTING

Internal and surgical departments across one large and one medium scale teaching hospitals in Israel.

PARTICIPANTS

Registered nurses who provide direct patient care (n = 79) across 369 shifts.

METHODS

Nurses completed a questionnaire containing personal information and information regarding their shifts during the study week. They wore an accelerometer (a wrist worn device that monitors and records an individual's activity level) during a work-week to objectively determine their sleep duration, completed a motivation questionnaire at the beginning of each shift, and completed a burnout questionnaire at the end of the week. Mixed-model regression analysis was used to test a moderated-mediation model following Hayes' recommendations, whereby the joint effect of sleep duration and motivation mediates the link between quick return schedules and burnout.

RESULTS

The moderated-mediation model was supported. Quick return schedules were negatively statistically significantly associated with sleep duration (b = -126.54, SE = 20.85, p < 0.001); so that more frequent quick return schedules were related to shorter sleep duration. However, no direct correlation was observed between sleep duration and burnout (p = 0.171). A statistically significant interaction was observed between sleep duration and motivation (b = 0.00, SE = 0.00, p < 0.001) concerning burnout. Thus, nurses with lower motivation were prone to experiencing higher levels of burnout with shorter sleep duration compared to nurses with higher motivation.

CONCLUSIONS

The mediating role of sleep duration, moderated by motivation, plays a role in the connection between quick return schedules and burnout. This indicates that nurses can sustain their work motivation even within the demands of quick return schedules, consequently mitigating burnout levels. To prioritize employees' well-being, organizations should adopt shift work structures that minimize quick return schedules and extend nurses' sleep duration. Consequently, managers must employ strategies to enhance nurses' motivation when addressing scenarios that necessitate quick return schedules.

The dark side of mobile work during non-work hours: moderated mediation model of presenteeism through conservation of resources lens

Owing to the development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the inevitability of telecommuting in the COVID-19 environment, the boundary between working and non-working hours has become blurred. mWork, that is, ICT-based off-hour work, which has increased through the pandemic, affects employees' work attitudes, such as presenteeism. Hence, we designed a study to investigate the antecedents and mechanisms of employee presenteeism from the perspective of the conservation of resources theory. We supported our hypothesis using a sample of 325 Korean office workers obtained through three rounds of time-delay surveys. The results show that presenteeism is higher among employees with high mWork. In addition, employees' mWork increases sleep deprivation and presenteeism, and the exchange ideology of employees reinforces the positive effect of sleep deprivation on presenteeism. Additionally, the higher the level of exchange ideology, the stronger the mediating effect of mWork on presenteeism through sleep deprivation. This study verified the conservation of resources theory by identifying the mechanism by which mWork affects an employee's life, which in turn affects their work, and provides practical implications for managing productivity loss due to presenteeism.

Spiritual care competence, moral distress and job satisfaction among Iranian oncology nurses

BACKGROUND

Nurses have a crucial role in identifying spiritual needs and providing spiritual care to patients living with cancer.

AIM

This study evaluated Iranian oncology nurses' spiritual care competence and its relationship with job satisfaction and moral distress.

METHOD

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 280 Iranian oncology nurses in 2020 using four questionnaires: demographic questionnaires, the Spiritual Care Competence Questionnaire (SCCQ), the Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) and the nurses' Moral Distress Questionnaire (MDS-R).

FINDINGS

The mean scores indicated a medium to high Spiritual Care Competence (SCC), mild to moderate moral distress and high job satisfaction. There was a positive correlation between SCC and external job satisfaction (r=184, p<0.05) and a negative correlation between SCC and moral distress (r=-0.356, p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

SCC diminishes with decreasing external job satisfaction and increasing moral distress. To improve the SCC of nurses working with patients living with cancer, it is recommended that nursing managers and policymakers revise the organisational policies to tackle the obstacles and consider the related factors to provide an ethical climate, implement quality spiritual care and increase job satisfaction.

Investigating the effectiveness of employing clinical faculty members in the shift work system during the Covid-19 pandemic in Iran: A cross-sectional study

Introduction

Having an accurate attitude about shift work and choosing the right people to work in the shift work system increases organizational productivity and improves the employees' life quality. Consequently, the current research investigates the effectiveness of employing clinical faculty members in the shift work system during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods

In this descriptive study, 71 Iranian clinical faculty members with a history of shift work (night shift) during the Covid-19 pandemic participated. Circadian Type Inventory (CTI) was used to collect data.

Results

Based on the results of this research (Flexible/Rigid = Mean ± SD = 2.47 ± 18.17) and (Languid/Vigorous = Mean ± SD = 2.89 ± 15.35) which revealed that although clinical faculty members in normal conditions can overcome the feeling of sleepiness due to lack of sleep, they are not flexible and cannot work in the shift work system with the ability to stay awake at unusual times of the day or night. Pearson's correlation coefficient test also showed that as the value of the Languid/Vigorous component increases, the value of the Flexible/Rigid component also increases (r = 0.410). Likewise, there was no significant relationship between the main research variables and demographic characteristics.

Discussion and Conclusion

Clinical faculty members who are simultaneously responsible for the duties of teaching students, research, and treating patients, if they are employed in a shift work system, especially during the pandemic, it may lead to a decrease in the quality of teaching, lack of motivation in research and indifference toward students' affairs, reducing flexibility, inability to update what they have learned in the professional world, increasing medical errors and also reducing their ability to manage the class. Consequently, it is suggested to avoid using them in the shift work systems as much as possible.

Perceived sleep quality: a comparison between hospital nurses and student nurses

BACKGROUND

The prevalence of poor sleep quality is high among nurses, and affects them physically and psychologically as well as organisational functioning. However, evidence on equipping student nurses with good sleep practices that could mitigate poor sleep as they transition into the nursing workforce is lacking.

AIM

This study compared the prevalence and quality of good sleep among hospital nurses and student nurses.

METHODS

A descriptive cross-sectional study of 130 hospital nurses and 130 student nurses in Brunei was carried out. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index. Multiple logistic regression was applied.

RESULTS

Hospital nurses were 4.29 times more likely to experience poor sleep than student nurses. Those who were overweight were 2.35 times more likely to have poor sleep quality than those with a healthy weight. Although students had significantly good sleep latency, needing less time to fall asleep, they experienced significantly more sleep disturbances, shorter sleep duration and less sleep efficiency.

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of poor sleep quality among nurses in Brunei is higher than global estimates. Stakeholders such as nursing leaders, nursing educators and healthcare policymakers should prepare student nurses and help existing nurses by formulating strategies to promote working schedules and rosters that minimise circadian disruption.

Factoring and correlation in sleep, fatigue and mental workload of clinical first-line nurses in the post-pandemic era of COVID-19: A multi-center cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

A better understanding of the factors and their correlation with clinical first-line nurses' sleep, fatigue and mental workload is of great significance to personnel scheduling strategies and rapid responses to anti-pandemic tasks in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.

OBJECTIVE

This multicenter and cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the nurses' sleep, fatigue and mental workload and contributing factors to each, and to determine the correlation among them.

METHODS

A total of 1,004 eligible nurses (46 males, 958 females) from three tertiary hospitals participated in this cluster sampling survey. The Questionnaire Star online tool was used to collect the sociodemographic and study target data: Sleep quality, fatigue, and mental workload. Multi-statistical methods were used for data analysis using SPSS 25.0 and Amos 21.0.

RESULTS

The average sleep quality score was 10.545 ± 3.399 (insomnia prevalence: 80.2%); the average fatigue score was 55.81 ± 10.405 (fatigue prevalence: 100%); and the weighted mental workload score was 56.772 ± 17.26. Poor sleep was associated with mental workload (r = 0.303, P < 0.05) and fatigue (r = 0.727, P < 0.01). Fatigue was associated with mental workload (r = 0.321, P < 0.05). COVID-19 has caused both fatigue and mental workload. As 49% of nurses claimed their mental workload has been severely affected by COVID-19, while it has done slight harm to 68.9% of nurses' sleep quality.

CONCLUSION

In the post-COVID-19 pandemic era, the high prevalence of sleep disorders and fatigue emphasizes the importance of paying enough attention to the mental health of nurses in first-class tertiary hospitals. Efficient nursing strategies should focus on the interaction of sleep, fatigue and mental workload in clinical nurses. In that case, further research on solutions to the phenomenon stated above proves to be of great significance and necessity.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION

[https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [ChiCTR2100053133].

Impact of stress and coping strategies on insomnia among Polish novice nurses who are employed in their field while continuing their education: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES

To determine to what degree particular coping strategies mediate the association between stress and insomnia in novice nurses who are employed while continuing their education and how type of education moderate the relationships between workplace stress, coping strategies and insomnia.

METHODS

A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed using an online questionnaire, which was completed by 159 novice registered nurses. The questionnaire comprised four components: Athens Insomnia Scale, Perceived Stress at Work (based on Perceived Stress Scale), Brief-Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced (COPE)and metrics with sociodemographic data questions.

RESULTS

Stress was found to be a significant predictor of insomnia among novice nurses. After adjusting the coping strategy, work stress ceased to be a significant predictor of insomnia. Among the strategies, the significant predictors that increased severity insomnia were acceptance, denial and self-blame. Predictors that decreased severity insomnia were use of emotional support and venting. Furthermore, the relationship between both active coping and self-distraction strategies and insomnia was significant for part-time students.

CONCLUSIONS

Insomnia is significant phenomena among novice nurses and are exacerbated by increased stress in the workplace. Choosing appropriate coping strategies for stress that are dependent on the individuals' activities significantly reduce the severity of insomnia caused by work stress.

Influence of rotating shifts and fixed night shifts on sleep quality of nurses of different ages: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

The objective of this study was to understand the influence of rotating shifts and fixed night shifts on the sleep quality of nurses using a systematic literature review and meta-analysis and to determine whether the sleep quality of nurses working rotating shifts or fixed night shifts differs from that of nurses working fixed day shifts. We conducted a meta-analysis on literature that had used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to gauge sleep quality and had been published between 2000 and 2020 in the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases. This study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA, and the quality of the literature was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies. CMA 3.0 was employed for data analysis, and meta-regression analysis was conducted to examine the differences between the PSQI scores of nurses working fixed day shifts and those working rotating shifts or fixed night shifts. Following assessment, a total of 29 papers (34 items of data) were analyzed. The papers included a total of 3,935 nurses who worked fixed day shifts, 3,777 nurses who worked rotating shifts, and 1,559 nurses who worked fixed night shifts. Our subgroup analysis indicated that the sleep quality of nurses working rotating shifts was poorer than the sleep quality of nurses working fixed day shifts; the standardized mean difference (SMD) was 0.38 (95% CI: 0.24-0.52, p< .001), and the meta-regression analysis found that the difference in sleep quality between nurses over 40 years old working rotating shifts and those working fixed day shifts was significantly smaller than the difference in sleep quality between nurses 40 years old or younger working rotating shifts and those working fixed day shifts (β = -0.368, p= .011). The sleep quality of nurses working fixed night shifts was also poorer than the sleep quality of nurses working fixed day shifts; the SMD was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.38-0.78, p< .001), and the meta-regression analysis revealed that the difference in sleep quality between nurses over 40 years old working fixed night shifts and those working fixed day shifts was not significantly different from the difference in sleep quality between nurses 40 years old or younger working fixed night shifts and those working fixed day shifts (β = -0.118, p= .608). This meta-analysis found that both nurses working rotating shifts and those working fixed night shifts had poorer sleep quality than those working fixed day shifts and that age influenced the difference in sleep quality only between nurses working rotating shifts and those working fixed day shifts; the difference in sleep quality between nurses 40 years old or younger working rotating shifts and those working fixed day shifts was greater than the difference in sleep quality between nurses over 40 years old working rotating shifts and those working fixed day shifts.

The predictive power of sleep quality by morning-evening chronotypes, job satisfaction, and shift schedule in nurses: A cross-sectional study

Background:

Among nurses, sleep quality is an important factor which can be associated with many other factors, including job satisfaction, Morning-Evening (ME) chronotypes, and shift schedule. Besides, poor sleep quality can cause some problems for nurses and negatively affect the quality of nursing care. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the predictive power of sleep quality by ME chronotypes, job satisfaction, and shift schedule in nurses working in Urmia teaching hospitals in 2019.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 327 nurses working in teaching hospitals affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences were recruited using stratified sampling. Data were collected using the demographic questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ), and the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM). Data were analyzed using linear regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results:

The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis showed that the ME chronotypes (R² = 0.51, p = 0.006), job satisfaction (R² = 0.51, p = 0.001), and shift schedule (R² = 0.51, p = 0.005) are significantly correlated with the sleep quality among nurses.

Conclusions:

We concluded that the sleep quality was correlated with ME chronotypes, job satisfaction, and shift schedule, so that increased job satisfaction was associated with improved sleep quality, and the shift to the morning chronotype was associated with decreased sleep quality. Rotating shifts were also associated with higher sleep quality.

The Relationship between Childhood Trauma, Eating Disorders, and Sleep Quality among Registered Hospital Nurses in South Korea

This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between childhood trauma, eating disorders, and sleep quality among registered hospital nurses in South Korea. Self-report questionnaires were answered by 279 nurses from six general hospitals. Factors affecting sleep quality were analyzed with a linear regression analysis. The factors that influenced sleep quality included age, alcohol consumption, chronic disease, BMI, and emotional abuse in childhood trauma. Hospital nurses need to increase their sleep health knowledge to maintain a healthy lifestyle while working as a nurse. Therefore, hospital and nursing managers should consider strategies to prevent and intervene in the sleep quality threats attributed to the adverse childhood experiences of hospital nurses.

Differences in workday sleep fragmentation, rest-activity cycle, sleep quality, and activity level among nurses working different shifts

Schedule changes associated with rotating shifts can interfere with the circadian rhythms of nurses and thereby affect their sleep duration, sleep quality, work efficiency, and work performance. The objectives of this study was to investigate differences in workday sleep fragmentation, rest-activity cycle, sleep quality, and activity level among nurses working different shifts. After filling out a basic information questionnaire and completing the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, participants were asked to wear an actigraph and keep sleep records for seven consecutive days. Data pertaining to wake after sleep onset (WASO), 24-hour autocorrelation coefficient (r24), and daytime activity mean was collected in order to investigate workday sleep fragmentation, rest-activity cycle, and daytime activity level. We obtained complete questionnaires and data from 191 nurses. Day- and evening-shift nurses had more regular workday rest-activity cycles than did night-shift nurses (F = 51.26, p < .001). After controlling for r24 coefficients, we determined that nurses who experienced greater workday sleep fragmentation had higher PSQI scores (β = .18, p = .008). After controlling for WASO times, we determined that nurses who had more regular rest-activity cycles on workdays had lower PSQI scores (β = - .16, p = .036). After controlling for shift type and WASO times, we determined that nurses with higher PSQI scores displayed lower activity levels (β = - .21, p = .015) and those with higher r24 coefficients displayed higher activity levels (β = .18, p = .040) on workdays. We then examined the causal path relationships. Among the shifts, only the day-shift nurses had a higher r24 (β = -.59, p < .001) than did the night-shift nurses; WASO exerted a significant impact on PSQI scores (β = .20, p = .002); r24 had a significant and negative influence on PSQI scores (β = -.38, p < .001), and PSQI scores significantly and negatively influenced workday activity levels (β = -.20, p = .006). This study determined that day- and evening-shift nurses enjoyed more regular and consistent rest-activity cycles than did night-shift nurses; nurses with greater workday sleep fragmentation and/or more irregular rest-activity cycles experienced poorer sleep quality; and nurses suffering from poorer sleep quality displayed lower daytime activity levels on workdays.