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Solaymani-Dodaran M, Kalantari S, Banihashemi SR, Es-haghi A, Nofeli M, Mohazzab A, Mokhberalsafa L, Sadeghi F, Mokaram AR, Moradi MH, Razaz SH, Taghdiri M, Lotfi M, Setarehdan SA, Masoumi S, Ansarifar A, Ebrahimi S, Esmailzadehha N, Boluki Z, Khoramdad M, Molaipour L, Rabiei MH, Amiri FB, Filsoof S, Bani-vaheb B, Derakhshani MR, Bayazidi S, Golmoradizadeh R, Shahsavan M, Safari S, Ghahremanzadeh N, Mohseni V, Erfanpoor S, Fallah Mehrabadi MH. Safety and efficacy of RCP recombinant spike protein covid-19 vaccine compared to Sinopharm BBIBP: A phase III, non-inferiority trial. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27370. [PMID: 38463808 PMCID: PMC10923712 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We conducted a phase III, non-inferiority trial comparing safety and efficacy of RCP recombinant spike protein Covid-19 vaccine to BBIBP (Sinopharm). Methods Adult Iranian population received RCP or BBIBP in a randomized, double blind and an additional non-randomized open labeled trial arms. Eligible participants signed a written informed consent and received two intramuscular injections three weeks apart. In the randomized arm, an intranasal dose of vaccine or adjuvant-only preparation were given to the RCP and BBIBP recipients at day 51 respectively. Participants were actively followed for up to 4 months for safety and efficacy outcomes. Primary outcome was PCR + symptomatic Covid-19 disease two weeks after the second dose. The non-inferiority margin was 10% of reported BBIBP vaccine efficacy (HR = 1.36). Results We recruited 23,110 participants (7224 in the randomized and 15,886 in the non-randomized arm). We observed 604 primary outcome events during 4 months of active follow-up including 121 and 133 in the randomized and 157 and 193 cases in the non-randomized arms among recipients of RCP and BBIBP respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios for the primary outcome in those receiving RCP compared with BBIBP interval were 0.91 (0.71-1.16) and 0.62 (0.49-0.77) in the randomized and non-randomized arms respectively. The upper boundary of 99.1% confidence interval of HR = 0.91 (0.67-1.22) remained below the margin of non-inferiority in the randomized arm after observing the early stopping rules using O'Brien Fleming method. Conclusion Our study showed that the RCP efficacy is non-inferior and its safety profile is comparable to the BBIBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Solaymani-Dodaran
- Clinical Trial Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Hazrat-e-Rasool Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Kalantari
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Banihashemi
- Department of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Es-haghi
- Department of Physico Chemistry, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Nofeli
- Department of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Arash Mohazzab
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute Tehran, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ladan Mokhberalsafa
- Department of QA, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Fariba Sadeghi
- Department of Quality Control, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Rezae Mokaram
- Department of QA, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Monireh Haji Moradi
- Department of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Seyad Hossein Razaz
- Department of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Taghdiri
- Department of Research and Development, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Lotfi
- Department of Quality Control, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Safdar Masoumi
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Ansarifar
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Ebrahimi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Neda Esmailzadehha
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Boluki
- Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Khoramdad
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Molaipour
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Hassan Rabiei
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Bagheri Amiri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Filsoof
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Sheno Bayazidi
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Golmoradizadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Shahsavan
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Safari
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Vahideh Mohseni
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Erfanpoor
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Fallah Mehrabadi
- Department of Epidemiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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Padoan A, Cosma C, Di Chiara C, Furlan G, Gastaldo S, Talli I, Donà D, Basso D, Giaquinto C, Plebani M. Clinical and Analytical Performance of ELISA Salivary Serologic Assay to Detect SARS-CoV-2 IgG in Children and Adults. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:6. [PMID: 38247570 PMCID: PMC10801479 DOI: 10.3390/antib13010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a promising matrix with several purposes. Our aim is to verify if salivary anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody determination is suitable for monitoring immune responses. One hundred eighty-seven subjects were enrolled at University-Hospital Padova: 105 females (56.1%) and 82 males (43.9%), 95 (50.8%) children and 92 (49.2%) adults. Subjects self-collected saliva using Salivette; nineteen subjects collected three different samples within the day. A serum sample was obtained for all individuals. The N/S anti-SARS-CoV-2 salivary IgG (sal-IgG) and serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG (ser-IgG) were used for determining anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The mean (min-max) age was 9.0 (1-18) for children and 42.5 (20-61) for adults. Of 187 samples, 63 were negative for sal-IgG (33.7%), while 7 were negative for ser-IgG (3.7%). Spearman's correlation was 0.56 (p < 0.001). Sal-IgG and ser-IgG levels were correlated with age but not with gender, comorbidities, prolonged therapy, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, or time from last COVID-19 infection/vaccination. The repeatability ranged from 23.8% (7.4 kAU/L) to 4.0% (3.77 kAU/L). The linearity of the assay was missed in 4/6 samples. No significant intrasubject differences were observed in sal-IgG across samples collected at different time points. Sal-IgG has good agreement with ser-IgG. Noninvasive saliva collection represents an alternative method for antibody measurement, especially in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Padoan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (M.P.)
- UOC of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- QI.LAB.MED, Spin-off of the University of Padova, 35011 Padova, Italy;
| | - Chiara Cosma
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (M.P.)
- UOC of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- QI.LAB.MED, Spin-off of the University of Padova, 35011 Padova, Italy;
| | - Costanza Di Chiara
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy (S.G.); (D.D.); (C.G.)
- Penta–Child Health Research, 35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Furlan
- QI.LAB.MED, Spin-off of the University of Padova, 35011 Padova, Italy;
| | - Stefano Gastaldo
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy (S.G.); (D.D.); (C.G.)
| | - Ilaria Talli
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (M.P.)
- UOC of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Donà
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy (S.G.); (D.D.); (C.G.)
- Penta–Child Health Research, 35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Daniela Basso
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (M.P.)
- UOC of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- QI.LAB.MED, Spin-off of the University of Padova, 35011 Padova, Italy;
| | - Carlo Giaquinto
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy (S.G.); (D.D.); (C.G.)
- Penta–Child Health Research, 35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.); (D.B.); (M.P.)
- UOC of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- QI.LAB.MED, Spin-off of the University of Padova, 35011 Padova, Italy;
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De-Simone SG, Napoleão-Pêgo P, Lechuga GC, Carvalho JPRS, Monteiro ME, Morel CM, Provance DW. Mapping IgA Epitope and Cross-Reactivity between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus 2 and DENV. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1749. [PMID: 38140154 PMCID: PMC10747746 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The newly introduced COVID-19 vaccines have reduced disease severity and hospitalizations. However, they do not significantly prevent infection or transmission. In the same context, measuring IgM and IgG antibody levels is important, but it does not provide information about the status of the mucosal immune response. This article describes a comprehensive mapping of IgA epitopes of the S protein, its cross-reactivity, and the development of an ELISA-peptide assay. METHODS IgA epitope mapping was conducted using SPOT synthesis and sera from RT-qPCR COVID-19-positive patients. Specific and cross-reacting epitopes were identified, and an evolutionary analysis from the early Wuhan strain to the Omicron variant was performed using bioinformatics tools and a microarray of peptides. The selected epitopes were chemically synthesized and evaluated using ELISA-IgA. RESULTS A total of 40 IgA epitopes were identified with 23 in S1 and 17 in the S2 subunit. Among these, at least 23 epitopes showed cross-reactivity with DENV and other organisms and 24 showed cross-reactivity with other associated coronaviruses. Three MAP4 polypeptides were validated by ELISA, demonstrating a sensitivity of 90-99.96% and a specificity of 100%. Among the six IgA-RBD epitopes, only the SC/18 epitope of the Omicron variants (BA.2 and BA.2.12.1) presented a single IgA epitope. CONCLUSIONS This research unveiled the IgA epitome of the S protein and identified many epitopes that exhibit cross-reactivity with DENV and other coronaviruses. The S protein of variants from Wuhan to Omicron retains many conserved IgA epitopes except for one epitope (#SCov/18). The cross-reactivity with DENV suggests limitations in using the whole S protein or the S1/S2/RBD segment for IgA serological diagnostic tests for COVID-19. The expression of these identified specific epitopes as diagnostic biomarkers could facilitate monitoring mucosal immunity to COVID-19, potentially leading to more accurate diagnoses and alternative mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore G. De-Simone
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (P.N.-P.); (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (M.E.M.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.J.)
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Program of Post-Graduation on Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 22040-036, RJ, Brazil
- Program of Post-Graduation on Parasitic Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paloma Napoleão-Pêgo
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (P.N.-P.); (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (M.E.M.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.J.)
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme C. Lechuga
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (P.N.-P.); (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (M.E.M.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.J.)
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - João P. R. S. Carvalho
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (P.N.-P.); (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (M.E.M.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.J.)
- Program of Post-Graduation on Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 22040-036, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria E. Monteiro
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (P.N.-P.); (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (M.E.M.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.J.)
- Program of Post-Graduation on Parasitic Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos M. Morel
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (P.N.-P.); (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (M.E.M.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.J.)
| | - David W. Provance
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (P.N.-P.); (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.); (M.E.M.); (C.M.M.); (D.W.P.J.)
- Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics Laboratory (LEMS), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
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Pérez-Alós L, Hansen CB, Almagro Armenteros JJ, Madsen JR, Heftdal LD, Hasselbalch RB, Pries-Heje MM, Bayarri-Olmos R, Jarlhelt I, Hamm SR, Møller DL, Sørensen E, Ostrowski SR, Frikke-Schmidt R, Hilsted LM, Bundgaard H, Nielsen SD, Iversen KK, Garred P. Previous immunity shapes immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination and Omicron breakthrough infection risk. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5624. [PMID: 37699890 PMCID: PMC10497567 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of the SARS-CoV-2 immune responses has become considerably more complex over time and diverse immune imprinting is observed in vaccinated individuals. Despite vaccination, following the emergence of the Omicron variant, some individuals appear more susceptible to primary infections and reinfections than others, underscoring the need to elucidate how immune responses are influenced by previous infections and vaccination. IgG, IgA, neutralizing antibodies and T-cell immune responses in 1,325 individuals (955 of which were infection-naive) were investigated before and after three doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, examining their relation to breakthrough infections and immune imprinting in the context of Omicron. Our study shows that both humoral and cellular responses following vaccination were generally higher after SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to infection-naive. Notably, viral exposure before vaccination was crucial to achieving a robust IgA response. Individuals with lower IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibody responses postvaccination had a significantly higher risk of reinfection and future Omicron infections. This was not observed for T-cell responses. A primary infection before Omicron and subsequent reinfection with Omicron dampened the humoral and cellular responses compared to a primary Omicron infection, consistent with immune imprinting. These results underscore the significant impact of hybrid immunity for immune responses in general, particularly for IgA responses even after revaccination, and the importance of robust humoral responses in preventing future infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pérez-Alós
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Cecilie Bo Hansen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Johannes Roth Madsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Dam Heftdal
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Haematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mia Marie Pries-Heje
- The Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael Bayarri-Olmos
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Recombinant Protein and Antibody Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Jarlhelt
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Rask Hamm
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dina Leth Møller
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 2034, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda Maria Hilsted
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- The Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Section 8632, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Karmark Iversen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Wang X, Zhang J, Wu Y, Xu Y, Zheng J. SIgA in various pulmonary diseases. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:299. [PMID: 37635240 PMCID: PMC10464380 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is one of the most abundant immunoglobulin subtypes among mucosa, which plays an indispensable role in the first-line protection against invading pathogens and antigens. Therefore, the role of respiratory SIgA in respiratory mucosal immune diseases has attracted more and more attention. Although the role of SIgA in intestinal mucosal immunity has been widely studied, the cell types responsible for SIgA and the interactions between cells are still unclear. Here, we conducted a wide search of relevant studies and sorted out the relationship between SIgA and some pulmonary diseases (COPD, asthma, tuberculosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, COVID-19, lung cancer), which found SIgA is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various lung diseases, intending to provide new ideas for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of related lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438, Jiefang Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aoyang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, No. 279, Jingang Avenue, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438, Jiefang Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu China
| | - Yuncong Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438, Jiefang Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu China
| | - Jinxu Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438, Jiefang Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu China
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Gromowski GD, Cincotta CM, Mayer S, King J, Swafford I, McCracken MK, Coleman D, Enoch J, Storme C, Darden J, Peel S, Epperson D, McKee K, Currier JR, Okulicz J, Paquin-Proulx D, Cowden J, Peachman K. Humoral immune responses associated with control of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in a vaccinated US military population. EBioMedicine 2023; 94:104683. [PMID: 37413891 PMCID: PMC10345251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 vaccines have been critical for protection against severe disease following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) but gaps remain in our understanding of the immune responses that contribute to controlling subclinical and mild infections. METHODS Vaccinated, active-duty US military service members were enrolled in a non-interventional, minimal-risk, observational study starting in May, 2021. Clinical data, serum, and saliva samples were collected from study participants and were used to characterise the humoral immune responses to vaccination and to assess its impact on clinical and subclinical infections, as well as virologic outcomes of breakthrough infections (BTI) including viral load and infection duration. FINDINGS The majority of VIRAMP participants had received the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine and by January, 2022, N = 149 had a BTI. The median BTI duration (PCR+ days) was 4 days and the interquartile range was 1-8 days. Participants that were nucleocapsid seropositive prior to their BTI had significantly higher levels of binding and functional antibodies to the spike protein, shorter median duration of infections, and lower median peak viral loads compared to seronegative participants. Furthermore, levels of neutralising antibody, ACE2 blocking activity, and spike-specific IgA measured prior to BTI also correlated with the duration of infection. INTERPRETATION We extended previous findings and demonstrate that a subset of vaccine-induced humoral immune responses, along with nucleocapsid serostatus are associated with control of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in the upper airways. FUNDING This work was funded by the DoD Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense (JPEO-CBRND) in collaboration with the Defense Health Agency (DHA) COVID-19 funding initiative for the VIRAMP study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Gromowski
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Camila Macedo Cincotta
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra Mayer
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA; Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jocelyn King
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA; Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Isabella Swafford
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Michael K McCracken
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Dante Coleman
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Enoch
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Casey Storme
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janice Darden
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sheila Peel
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Diane Epperson
- Booz Allen Hamilton, McLean, VA, USA; Enabling Biotechnologies, Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey R Currier
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jason Okulicz
- Department of Infectious Disease, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA; U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Cowden
- Enabling Biotechnologies, Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense, Frederick, MD, USA; Department of Retrovirology, U.S. Army Medical Directorate-Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Kristina Peachman
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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Maniu I, Maniu GC, Antonescu E, Duica L, Grigore N, Totan M. SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses in Pediatric Patients: A Bibliometric Analysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051455. [PMID: 37239126 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The characteristics, dynamics and mechanisms/determinants of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection are not fully understood. We performed a bibliometric review of studies that have assessed SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in the pediatric population using Web of Science online databases, VOSviewer and Bibliometrix tools. The analysis was conducted on 84 publications, from 310 institutions located in 29 countries and published in 57 journals. The results showed the collaboration of scientists and organizations, international research interactions and summarized the findings on (i) the measured titers of antibodies (total antibody and/or individual antibody classes IgG, IgM, IgA) against different antigens (C-terminal region of N (N CT), full-length N protein (N FL), RBD, RBD Alpha, RBD Beta, RBD Gamma, RBD Delta, spike (S), S1, S2) in the case of different clinical forms of the disease; and (ii) the correlations between SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and cytokines, chemokines, neutrophils, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The presented study offers insights regarding research directions to be explored in the studied field and may provide a starting point for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela Maniu
- Mathematics and Informatics Department, Research Center in Informatics and Information Technology, Faculty of Sciences, "Lucian Blaga" University, 5-7 Ion Ratiu Str., 550025 Sibiu, Romania
- Pediatric Research Team, Clinical Pediatric Hospital, 2-4 Pompeiu Onofreiu Str., 550166 Sibiu, Romania
| | - George Constantin Maniu
- Mathematics and Informatics Department, Research Center in Informatics and Information Technology, Faculty of Sciences, "Lucian Blaga" University, 5-7 Ion Ratiu Str., 550025 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Elisabeta Antonescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 2-4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Lavinia Duica
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 2-4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Nicolae Grigore
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 2-4 Corneliu Coposu Str., 550245 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Maria Totan
- Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 2A Lucian Blaga Str., 550169 Sibiu, Romania
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Pediatric Hospital, 2-4 Pompeiu Onofreiu Str., 550166 Sibiu, Romania
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Kryukova N, Baranova I, Abramova N, Khromova E, Pachomov D, Svitich O, Chuchalin A, Kostinov M. Mucosal immunity in health care workers' respiratory tracts in the post-COVID-19 period. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7162. [PMID: 37138005 PMCID: PMC10154756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has generated interest in the assessment of systemic immune status, but existing knowledge about mucosal immunity is clearly insufficient to understand the full pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of novel coronavirus infection on mucosal immunity in the postinfection period among health care workers (HCWs). A total of 180 health care workers with and without a history of COVID-19 who ranged in age from 18 to 65 years were enrolled in this one-stage, cross-sectional study. The study subjects completed the 36-Item Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36) and the Fatigue Assessment Scale. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and total immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were quantified in saliva samples, induced sputum samples, and nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal scrapings by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were quantified in serum samples by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Analysis of the questionnaire data showed that all HCWs with a history of COVID-19 reported health problems that limited their daily activities and negative changes in their emotional health three months after the disease, regardless of its severity. The following shifts were detected in the adaptive arm of the immune response in different mucosal compartments. Among subjects who had severe or moderate-to-severe COVID-19, salivary sIgA levels were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.005, respectively). Compared to the subjects in the control group, all subjects with prior COVID-19 had significantly higher levels of total IgG in induced sputum. In the group of patients who had had severe infection, total IgG in saliva was also higher (p < 0.05). A direct statistically significant correlation was also detected between the levels of total IgG in all studied samples and the levels of specific IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the serum. A significant correlation was observed between total IgG levels and the parameters of physical and social activities, mental health, and fatigue levels. Our study demonstrated long-term changes in the humoral mucosal immune response, which were most pronounced in health care workers with a history of severe or moderate-to-severe COVID-19, and an association of these changes with certain clinical signs of post-COVID-19 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Kryukova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Irina Baranova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Abramova
- I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Khromova
- I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Pachomov
- I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Oksana Svitich
- I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Chuchalin
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Kostinov
- I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russian Federation
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Bellanti JA, Settipane RA. The complexities of allergic diseases continue to challenge the allergist-immunologist. Allergy Asthma Proc 2023; 44:87-89. [PMID: 36872449 PMCID: PMC9999436 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2023.44.230002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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10
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Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V. Salivary and serum IgA and IgG after COVID-19 and after immunization with COVID-19 vaccines. Allergy Asthma Proc 2023; 44:e1. [PMID: 36719698 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2023.44.220086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Li D. Response. Allergy Asthma Proc 2023; 44:e1a-e1. [PMID: 36719693 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2022.43.220086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Bellanti JA, Settipane RA. A confluence of advanced treatment options for atopic dermatitis, eosinophilic lung diseases and chronic urticaria brought about by the revolutionary discovery of biologics and Janus kinase inhibitors. Allergy Asthma Proc 2022; 43:471-473. [PMID: 36335419 PMCID: PMC9645732 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2022.43.220081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Bellanti JA, Settipane RA. Asthma biomarkers and COVID-19 continue to dominate current medical issues. Allergy Asthma Proc 2022; 43:363-367. [PMID: 36065102 PMCID: PMC9465642 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2022.43.220062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Abstract
Background: The long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome includes a group of patients who, after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibit lingering mild-to-moderate symptoms and develop medical complications that can have lasting health problems. Objective: The purpose of this report was to examine the current body of evidence that deals with the relationship of COVID-19 infection with the long COVID syndrome to define the possible immunologic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of long COVID and to describe potential strategies for the diagnosis and clinical management of the condition. Methods: Extensive research was conducted in medical literature data bases by applying terms such as long COVID, post-COVID-19 condition, pathogenesis of long COVID, management of the long COVID syndrome. Results: The post-COVID conditions, a more recent and less anxiety-inducing term for the patient than long COVID or "long haul," is an umbrella term for a wide range of physical and mental health symptoms similar to those seen in patients with the myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), experienced by some patients and are present ≥ 4 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although the precise reason why long COVID develops is unknown, one of the major causes is thought to be related to chronic inflammation with overproduction of inflammatory cytokines responsible for the symptoms of the disorder. Conclusion: Long COVID is a growing burden for millions of patients, health-care providers, and global health-care systems, and is a particular challenge for the allergist/immunologist. Many survivors of COVID-19 struggle with multiple symptoms, increased disability, reduced function, and poor quality of life. The allergist/immunologist can assist the total health-care team's efforts in providing a comprehensive and coordinated approach to the management of these patients by promoting comprehensive vaccination and rehabilitation and social services that focus on improving physical, mental, and social well-being, and by establishing partnerships with specialists and other health-care professionals who can provide behavioral, lifestyle, and integrative approaches that may have much to offer in helping patients cope with their symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Bellanti
- From the Departments of Pediatrics and ,Microbiology-Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C.; and ,the International Center for Interdisciplinary Studies of Immunology (ICISI), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C
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