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Hernández PA, Mendoza GD, Castro A, Lara A, Plata FX, Martínez JA, Ferraro S. Effects of grain level on lamb performance, ruminal metabolism and leptin mRNA expression in perirenal adipose tissue. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an15564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of four different grain composition diets of finishing lambs on lamb performance, dry matter (DM) digestibility, rumen fermentation and leptin mRNA expression were evaluated. Thirty-two Pelibuey lambs (25.35 ± 4.73 kg bodyweight) were used in a completely randomised experiment in which lambs were fed diets that contained 30%, 45%, 60% or 75% grain (DM basis). The results indicated that increasing the grain level improved the average daily weight gain, hot carcass weight, DM digestibility and feed conversion linearly (P < 0.01); however, feed intake was not affected. Ruminal pH decreased linearly as the grain content was increased (P < 0.01). Ruminal propionate concentration increased and acetate concentration declined with increased grain content (P < 0.01). Leptin mRNA expression in perirenal adipose tissue increased linearly (P < 0.05) as grain content increased. Based on these results, we conclude that increasing grain level in the diets of finishing feedlot lambs improved weight gain and feed efficiency; however, because weight gain and feed efficiency were similar at the higher grain levels, our data suggest including 60% grain in lamb finishing rations.
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Wittayakun S, Chainetr W, Innaree W, Pranamornkith P. Influence of Amylopectin and Nitrogen Supplementation on Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation of Dairy Heifers Based on Diets with High Ratio of Pineapple Waste Silage to Pangola Grass Hay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tománková O, Homolka P. Comparison of ruminal degradability of starch of maize grain and maize silages by in vitro method. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun200957010165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Hu W, Persia M, Kung L. Short communication: In vitro ruminal fermentability of a modified corn cultivar expressing a thermotolerant α-amylase. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:4846-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wong JH, Lau T, Cai N, Singh J, Pedersen JF, Vensel WH, Hurkman WJ, Wilson JD, Lemaux PG, Buchanan BB. Digestibility of protein and starch from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is linked to biochemical and structural features of grain endosperm. J Cereal Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2008.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Richards CJ, Hicks B. Processing of Corn and Sorghum for Feedlot Cattle. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2007; 23:207-21, vi. [PMID: 17606147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 75% to 80% of expenses involved in cattle feeding in commercial feedlots are feed costs. Grains are used in feedlot diets to improve the performance and efficiency of feedlot cattle by increasing the energy density of diets. Grains for these diets are commonly processed for various reasons, including improving palatability, altering particle size, increasing digestibility, altering the rate, site, and extent of digestion, and facilitating preservation or storage. Altering the rate, site, and extent of digestion in turn can alter cattle performance. This article focuses on processing methods common to feedlots and the primary grains fed, corn and grain sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Richards
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, 201 Animal Science, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Sveinbjörnsson J, Murphy M, Udén P. In vitro evaluation of starch degradation from feeds with or without various heat treatments. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Evaluation of methods for estimating starch digestibility and digestion kinetics in ruminants. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lee-Rangél HA, Mendoza GD, Pinos-Rodríguez JM, Bárcena R, Plata F, Ricalde R. Effect of an Exogenous Glucoamylase during Different Periods of Time on Performance of Lambs Fed Sorghum Based Diets. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2006.9706590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Benmoussa M, Suhendra B, Aboubacar A, Hamaker BR. Distinctive Sorghum Starch Granule Morphologies Appear to Improve Raw Starch Digestibility. STARCH-STARKE 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/star.200400344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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DePeters E, Getachew G, Fadel J, Zinn R, Taylor S, Pareas J, Hinders R, Aseltine M. In vitro gas production as a method to compare fermentation characteristics of steam-flaked corn. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(03)00042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Ramsey P, Mathison G, Goonewardene L. Effect of rates and extent of ruminal barley grain dry matter and starch disappearance on bloat, liver abscesses, and performance of feedlot steers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(02)00013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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McDonough CM, Anderson BJ, Acosta-Zuleta H, Rooney LW. Steam Flaking Characteristics of Sorghum Hybrids and Lines with Differing Endosperm Characteristics. Cereal Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem.1998.75.5.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. McDonough
- Assistant research scientist, graduate student, and professor, respectively, Cereal Quality Lab, Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2474
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | | | - H. Acosta-Zuleta
- Assistant research scientist, graduate student, and professor, respectively, Cereal Quality Lab, Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2474
| | - L. W. Rooney
- Assistant research scientist, graduate student, and professor, respectively, Cereal Quality Lab, Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2474
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Dado R, Beek S. In vitro ruminal starch digestibility in opaque-2 and regular corn hybrids. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(98)00128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Schroeder J, Marx G, Park C. Waxy corn as a replacement for dent corn for lactating dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0377-8401(97)00171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Richards C, Pedersen J, Britton R, Stock R, Krehbiel C. In vitro starch disappearance procedure modifications. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0377-8401(95)00790-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
In vitro digestion experiments were conducted to examine the interactions of starch source and pH on kinetics and apparent extent of ruminal NDF digestion. Alfalfa hay, bromegrass hay, and each hay with either raw sorghum, raw corn, or pure corn starch in ratios to simulate a 28% NDF diet were incubated at pH 5.5, 6.2, or 6.8. Ash-free NDF was measured at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h of fermentation; logarithmic transformation and linear regression were used to estimate digestion parameters. Significant forage by starch interactions on lag and rate of NDF digestion and significant forage and starch by pH interactions on rate and potential extent of NDF digestion indicated that forage type must be considered when the effect of pH and starch source on NDF digestion is predicted. For both forages, raw or pure corn starch increased lag more than sorghum starch, especially at low pH. Raw sorghum starch decreased the rate of NDF digestion more for bromegrass hay than for alfalfa hay, and pure corn starch had the largest negative impact on fiber digestion, especially at low pH. Sources of starch influenced lag and rate of NDF digestion differently at pH from 6.8 to 5.5, which led to dramatic differences in apparent extent of ruminal NDF digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Grant
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908
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Mitzner KC, Owen FG, Grant RJ. Comparison of sorghum and corn grains in early and midlactation diets for dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1994; 77:1044-51. [PMID: 8201040 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(94)77040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Two trials were conducted to compare the effects of corn and sorghum grains on performance of early and midlactation Holstein dairy cows. In trial 1, 36 multiparous midlactation cows were assigned to one of four diets in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement for 10 wk: 1) grain mixture containing 77% rolled corn fed in a TMR, 2) same grain fed separately from forage, 3) grain mixture containing 77% finely ground sorghum fed in a TMR, and 4) same grain fed separately from forage. Grain source and feeding methods had similar effects on milk yield, milk fat percentage, SNF, SCM, and BW. Cows fed sorghum had higher DMI; cows fed corn had greater efficiency of milk yield. In trial 2, 36 multiparous early lactation cows were assigned to one of four TMR in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement for 9 wk: 1) TMR containing 35.5% rolled corn, 2) TMR containing 35.5% finely ground corn, 3) TMR containing 35.5% rolled sorghum, and 4) TMR containing 35.5% finely ground sorghum. Grain source produced no differences in DMI, milk yield, milk fat percentage, SCM, and BW. Cows fed finely ground grain yielded more milk than those fed rolled grain. Finely ground sorghum promoted higher milk protein and SNF percentages than did finely ground corn. Total tract starch digestibility was greater for corn than for sorghum. These two trials indicate that sorghum grain, when finely ground, supports milk yield and composition similar to that of corn.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Mitzner
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0908
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