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Ibrahim MS, Sabitu K, Olorukooba AA, Muhammad NS, Abubakar AA, Asuke S. Pattern and Predictors of Tobacco Use Among Undergraduates in Three Tertiary Institutions in North-Western Nigeria. COMMUNITY HEALTH EQUITY RESEARCH & POLICY 2022; 43:3-11. [PMID: 33761812 DOI: 10.1177/0272684x211004949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use is associated with medical, social and economic problems. There is paucity of data on tobacco use among undergraduates in northern Nigeria. This study assessed pattern and predictors of tobacco use among undergraduates in Zaria, North-western Nigeria. METHOD It was a cross-sectional study of undergraduates in three tertiary institutions. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 1,080 undergraduates. Data was collected using a questionnaire adapted from Global Adult Tobacco Survey and Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Bi-variate analysis was used to identify independent variables showing statistically significant association with current tobacco use. These were entered into step-wise logistic regression. RESULTS Their median age was 24 years (range:15-47). Prevalence of current tobacco use was 27.0%. About 58.7% smoked tobacco daily and 40.0% used smokeless tobacco daily. Commonest places where tobacco was used were off campus accommodation (30.2%), social center (30.2%) and bar or club (28.1%). Predictors of tobacco use were being a male [2.64(1.82-3.84)], married [2.33(1.49-3.70)], experiencing tobacco promotional activity [1.56(1.12-2.17)], willing to use promotional objects [2.06(1.35-3.14)], using of promotional objects [2.74(1.90-3.96)], and exposure to secondhand smoke [14.10(4.16-47.81)]. Predictors of non-use of tobacco were spending two years or less awaiting university admission [0.65 (0.46-0.91)], parents currently together [0.48(0.33-0.69)], and supporting ban on tobacco [0.34 (0.23-0.48)]. CONCLUSION Prevalence of tobacco use and expenditure on tobacco were high. University authorities should commence programs to identify tobacco users and encourage cessation. The findings also highlight the need to establish effective tobacco surveillance system that includes students of tertiary institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kabir Sabitu
- Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Nuru Suleiman Muhammad
- Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Aisha A Abubakar
- Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Asuke
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bingham University, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
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Al-Jayyousi GF, Kurdi R, Islam N, Alhussaini NWZ, Awada S, Abdul Rahim H. Factors Affecting Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking among University Students in Qatar. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:392-401. [PMID: 34913828 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.2012695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent data show an increase in the prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) among university students in the Arab Gulf region alongside an attitude of social acceptability and a perception that WTS is less harmful than traditional cigarette smoking. Objective: This study measures the prevalence of WTS among university students and examines the individual, sociocultural, and environmental factors influencing this practice. Methods: Participants were selected through stratified random sampling of students in the largest national university in Qatar. Data were collected anonymously using an online questionnaire. Descriptive univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted to examine the association of WTS with participants' sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes. Results: 199 students completed the questionnaire. Among students who reported using tobacco products, waterpipe (shisha) was the most common product (70.6%). WTS was significantly associated with having a mother (p = 0.015) or a close friend (p < 0.001) who smoked. Compared to non-users, waterpipe tobacco users were significantly more likely to believe that waterpipe tobacco is less addictive than cigarettes (p = 0.009) and significantly less likely to believe that waterpipe tobacco can lead to cardiovascular diseases (p = 0.003) or dental problems (p = 0.02). More waterpipe tobacco users than non-users disagreed that parents (p = 0.005) or advertisements (p = 0.002) could influence use. More waterpipe tobacco users (70%) than non-users (37%) believed that females were more comfortable using waterpipes than cigarettes. Conclusions and implications: The findings shed light on factors shaping WTS and provide evidence for designing multilevel behavioral interventions to decrease the prevalence of WTS among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rana Kurdi
- College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nazmul Islam
- College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Sawsan Awada
- College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanan Abdul Rahim
- College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Almogbel YS, Aladhadh T, Alammar A, Aloraini A, Alghofaili S, Almutairi A, AlAmri A. Predictors of waterpipe smoking among university students in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Tob Induc Dis 2021; 19:67. [PMID: 34531711 PMCID: PMC8404266 DOI: 10.18332/tid/140092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Waterpipe smoking has gained global popularity among adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to identify the predictors of waterpipe smoking among university students in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using a pre-tested, validated, and self-administered questionnaire to identify the predictors of waterpipe smoking among university students aged >18 years in the Qassim region. RESULTS Of the 1158 questionnaires distributed, 928 were returned with complete responses. Of these 928 participants, 820 were men (88.7%) and the majority were unmarried (95.6%). The risk of waterpipe smoking was significantly higher in students aged >26 years (OR=3.39; 95% CI: 1.30– 8.80), those who had a brother who smoked (OR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.13–2.79), and those who were married (OR=3.21; 95% CI: 1.36–7.59). Furthermore, participants who had smoked cigarettes (OR=3.18; 95% CI: 1.89–5.34) or other tobacco products (OR=6.39; 95% CI: 3.69–11.07) within the past 30 days, and students who believed that waterpipe smoking was less harmful than cigarette smoking (OR=2.61; 95% CI: 1.54–4.41) had a higher risk of engaging in waterpipe smoking. However, the risk was lower among students receiving a monthly financial aid of more than US$264 (OR=0.34; 95% CI: 0.13–0.89). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that higher age, being male, being married, low student financial aid, waterpipe smoker sibling, cigarette and other types of tobacco smoking in the past 30 days, and believing waterpipe smoking to be less harmful than cigarette smoking, were significant predictors of waterpipe smoking. Educational programs targeted at improving awareness of the adverse effects of waterpipe smoking should be considered for early prevention in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser S Almogbel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thara Aladhadh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Alammar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Aloraini
- Saudi Pharmaceutical Industries and Medical Appliances Corporation, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumayyah Alghofaili
- The Pharmacy Department, Specialized Medical Center Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Almutairi
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman AlAmri
- Pharmaceutical Care Services, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ahmed LA, Verlinden M, Alobeidli MA, Alahbabi RH, AlKatheeri R, Saddik B, Oulhaj A, Al-Rifai RH. Patterns of Tobacco Smoking and Nicotine Vaping among University Students in the United Arab Emirates: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147652. [PMID: 34300103 PMCID: PMC8306162 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Various forms of tobacco smoking and nicotine vaping tools are available on the market. This study quantified the prevalence of and identified factors associated with patterns of smoking and nicotine vaping among university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A cross-sectional sample of students enrolled in three public universities was surveyed. Self-reported current smoking and nicotine vaping were recorded. Of 1123 students, 81.7% completed the online survey (mean age, 20.7 ± 3.4 (SD) years; 70.7% females). The prevalence of current smoking was 15.1% while the prevalence of current nicotine vaping was nearly 4.0%. Among current smokers, 54.7% reported conventional smoking only, 15.1% reported nicotine vaping only, and 28.8% were poly-users. Conventional midwakh (47.5%), followed by conventional shisha/waterpipe (36.7%), conventional cigarettes (36.7%), electronic shisha/waterpipe (25.2%), and electronic cigarettes (24.5%), were most commonly reported by students. Students aged 20–25 years (adjusted odds ratios (aOR): 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18–3.67) or >25 years (aOR: 4.24, 95% CI: 1.41–12.80) had higher odds of being current smokers compared to those aged 17–19 years. The male gender was also independently associated with higher odds of being a current smoker (aOR: 5.45, 95% CI: 3.31–8.97) as well as higher odds of smoking cigarettes, shisha, and midwakh, or nicotine vaping compared to being female. Of nicotine vaping users, 36.1% reported using nicotine vaping because they enjoyed the flavor and vaporizing experience and 34.4% used it to help them to quit smoking. A relatively high prevalence of self-reported smoking was reported among university students in the UAE. The findings also suggest that nicotine vaping use is relatively widespread, but still less common than traditional smoking. Vigilant and tailored university-based smoking control and preventive measures are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luai A. Ahmed
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (L.A.A.); (A.O.)
| | - Marina Verlinden
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mariam Ali Alobeidli
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Reem Hamad Alahbabi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Radeya AlKatheeri
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.A.); (R.H.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Basema Saddik
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Abderrahim Oulhaj
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (L.A.A.); (A.O.)
| | - Rami H. Al-Rifai
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (L.A.A.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Exploring the quality of smoking cessation in community pharmacies: A simulated patient study. Res Social Adm Pharm 2021; 18:2997-3003. [PMID: 34284972 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of cigarette smoking continues to be a major public health problem In the United Arab Emirates (UAE); the government has recently implemented policies to reduce smoking prevalence. Innovative strategies to support cessation are needed. Community pharmacies are vital venues to extend the reach and effectiveness of smoking cessation support. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality of community pharmacist smoking cessation counseling in the UAE. METHODS A cross-sectional, simulated patient (SP) study was conducted among N = 111 urban community pharmacies selected at random in Sharjah city. Two scenarios were developed to cover different types of cessation needs of treatment-seeking smokers and where pharmacists could have a major role in assisting with smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. The quality of pharmacist counseling was defined in terms of comprehensiveness and communication skills. Two formal assessment tools were used; an analytical checklist to assess the comprehensiveness of pharmacists smoking cessation counseling, and a global assessment form to evaluate communication skills. A descriptive analysis of the data was undertaken. RESULTS A total of 101 pharmacists participated in the study. Pharmacist assessment of smoking cessation-specific information and provision of counseling were minimal. Pharmacists most frequently assessed nicotine dependence and provided generic guidance on the use of nicotine replacement products (NRTs) to manage withdrawal, but they largely did not obtain relevant histories (e.g., medical/medication histories, previous quit attempts, smoking triggers), explain individualized management strategies (e.g., setting quit date, changing environment, reassurance and encouragement), or provide advice about ongoing support. Pharmacists attained low scores in verbal and nonverbal communication and were frequently unempathetic and judgmental towards female SPs. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacist-led smoking cessation programs can expand primary care-based cessation opportunities in the UAE and address the demand for cessation services. Pharmacists will benefit from additional training on the provision of smoking cessation interventions, with an emphasis on patient-centered communication skills.
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Dadipoor S, Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Aghamolaei T, Heyrani A, Ghaffari M, Ghanbarnejad A. Predictors of hookah smoking frequency among women in the South of Iran: A cross-sectional study. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2020; 21:1-19. [PMID: 33135955 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2020.1836703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of hookah smoking has grown over the past decades in Iran especially in the south of the country. This study aimed to determine the behavioral and socio-demographic predictors of the hookah smoking frequency among women in southern Iran. This research was conducted on 400 women hookah smokers selected through multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected from October 2018 to September 2019 using a questionnaire guided by literature. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was run to determine the influential behavioral and socio-demographic predictors involved in the frequency of hookah smoking. Variables with a P-value of less than 0.05 in the final fitting model were associated with the outcome variable (frequency of hookah smoking per day1 = once a day, 2 = twice a day, 3 = three times a day, 4 = more than three times a day). We found that the longer duration of hookah smoking, family usage of hookah smoking, beginning to smoke hookah with peers, absence of either parent in family (single-parent families and a lack of prior intention to cease smoking), ever-married women and low socio-economic status (SES) predicted the frequency of hookah smoking. To prevent the behavior and make effective interventions to reduce hookah smoking, policy-makers should stay focused on factors other than internal motivations. Focus on the companies surrounding women smokers, quitting the habit of hookah smoking and effective interventions to decrease one's intention to smoke hookah can help reduce such unhealthy behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Dadipoor
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Teamur Aghamolaei
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ali Heyrani
- Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohtasham Ghaffari
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Ghanbarnejad
- Tobacco and Health Research center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Tien Nam P, Thanh Tung P, Hanh Dung N, Hoang An D, Dang The Anh B, Bich Diep Q, Bao Giang K, Huong Giang D, Thi Thu Hien N, Ngoc Hung P, Thi Thanh Huong N, Phuong Linh B, Thi Dieu Linh D, Xuan Long N, Gia Thu H, Viet Tuan D, Huu Tu N, Van Minh H. Prevalence of smoking among health science students in Vietnam in 2018 and associated factors: A cross-sectional study. Health Psychol Open 2020; 7:2055102920967244. [PMID: 33194214 PMCID: PMC7597576 DOI: 10.1177/2055102920967244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a global health problem among health science students. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of smoking and to examine associated factors among health science students from five universities in Vietnam. Among 5946 participants (95.0% response rate), the smoking prevalence was 19.2% (95% CI:17.4–21.0%) among male students and 2.9% (95% CI:2.4–3.5%) among female students. In the multivariable regression models, significant factors for smoking were the perceived financial burden, the respondent’s year in university, a non-self-determined motivation profile, self-reported depression and/or anxiety, the level of vigorous physical activity, and alcohol drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pham Thanh Tung
- Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam.,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bui Phuong Linh
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Vietnam.,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
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Almogbel F, Almuqbil S, Rabbani U, Almogbel Y. Prevalence and predictors of midwakh smoking among male students of Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Tob Induc Dis 2020; 18:73. [PMID: 33408598 PMCID: PMC7780927 DOI: 10.18332/tid/125725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Novel tobacco products are becoming more popular in the Middle East and especially in Saudi Arabia. We studied the prevalence of midwakh pipe (tobacco smoking pipe) use among students at Qassim University and evaluated factors associated with midwakh pipe usage. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire to collect the data. The participants were male students from Qassim University, Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected over the period from May to June 2018. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify sociodemographic factors and smoking history related to midwakh smoking. RESULTS A total of 316 responses were collected; 7.9% (n=25) were midwakh smokers at some point, and 3.8% (n=12) were current midwakh smokers. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that the significant predictors of midwakh smoking among male university students were having a friend who is a tobacco or midwakh smoker, and consuming other forms of tobacco other than midwakh. CONCLUSIONS Having midwakh smoking friends, having friends smoking any other form of tobacco, and being a smoker could predict the use of midwakh among university male students in Saudi Arabia. Interventions are required to control this behavior to prevent smoking-related health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Almogbel
- Department of Infection Control, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Almuqbil
- Dental Department, Jazan Armed Forces Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Unaib Rabbani
- Quality and Accreditation Unit, Family Medicine Academy, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Almogbel
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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Nasser AMA, Geng Y, Al-Wesabi SA. The Prevalence of Smoking (Cigarette and Waterpipe) among University Students in Some Arab Countries: A Systematic Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:583-591. [PMID: 32212782 PMCID: PMC7437327 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.3.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tobacco use among university students remains the most alarming problem worldwide. This study aims to systematically review the previous literature for determining the prevalence of smoking (cigarette and waterpipe) among university students in some Arab countries. Methods: We electronically searched articles from MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar and Google for the period from April 2018 to June 2019. We conducted a systematic review of eligible studies published in English between 2006 and 2019, for assessing cigarette and waterpipe smoking among university students. The studies were all cross-sectional according to eligibility criteria and contained 469 studies19 meet the inclusion criteria from 12 countries of (Yemen, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Kuwait, Bahrain, Jordan, Lebanon, Tunisia, Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Libya and United Arab Emirates (UAE). Results: the study included a total of participants (N=45,306) (33,450 Males vs 11,856 Females). The overall highest rate of current smoking among students was in Egypt (46.7%), Kuwait (46%) and KSA (42.3%). The smoking prevalence among males was significantly higher than females in Yemen (36.3% vs 28.0%,p<0.001), Bahrain (27.0%vs 4.2%, p<0.001), Tunisia (38.4% vs 3.4%, P<0.001), Egypt (61.2% vs 18.9%, P<0.001), Palestine (52.7% vs 16.5%, p<0.001), Syria (26.1% vs 9.5%, p<0.001), KSA (32.7%vs5.9%,P<0.001), and Jordan (54.3%vs11.1%, P<0.005) and (56.9%vs11.4%, P<0.005). Another study in Yemen was significantly higher among women than man (15.7% vs 10.3%, p<0.001). The highest waterpipe smoking rates among gender was in KSA (36.4%-36.3%). For cigarette smoking, the highest rates were in Libya (80.2%), Jordan (80%) and KSA (70.7%). The highest smoking rates among males were in Egypt (61.2%), Jordan (56.9%-54.3%) and Palestine (52.7%), for females the highest rate was in Yemen (28.0%). Conclusion: The prevalence of smoking cigarette and waterpipe appears to be alarmingly high among university students in Arab countries. The results were different among students, due to the nature of the region and the different customs, traditions, lineage and multicultural from country to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsalam M A Nasser
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Yarui Geng
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Samer Abdo Al-Wesabi
- Wuhan Aige Ophthalmic Hospitals. No: S-8 Building, Nande International Area, Qian Chuan Street, Huangpi, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
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Alotaibi SA, Alsuliman MA, Durgampudi PK. Smoking tobacco prevalence among college students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Tob Induc Dis 2019; 17:35. [PMID: 31516478 PMCID: PMC6662783 DOI: 10.18332/tid/105843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the last two decades, several studies have been published regarding the prevalence of tobacco smoking among college students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This systematic review and meta-analysis is intended to determine and examine the smoking prevalence in Saudi college students from 2010-2018. METHODS PubMed, Science Direct, APA PsycNET, Web of Science, and CINAHL were used to search for published articles reporting the smoking prevalence among Saudi college students. After eliminating irrelevant articles, investigators independently assessed the quality of each article, based on Russell & Gregory guidelines. MetaXL software was used to calculate the pooled prevalence among included studies, using the IVhert model. Heterogeneity among the included studies was evaluated, using I2 statistic. Sensitivity analyses were conducted between male and female genders. RESULTS Of the 295 published articles, 29 articles used a cross-sectional design to determine smoking prevalence among Saudi college students. Most of the studies were conducted in Riyadh at health-science-related colleges; the rest were performed in different cities and colleges. The meta-analysis showed that the pooled estimate of smoking prevalence among college students in the KSA was 17% (95% CI: 11-23%). Saudi male students had a prevalence rate of 26% (95% CI: 24-29%), whereas for Saudi female students the prevalence was 5% (95% CI: 3-7%). CONCLUSIONS Smoking among Saudi college students was higher than in the majority of regional countries (e.g. Iran). Saudi male students had a higher smoking prevalence than Saudi female college students. Additionally, studies that reported a high prevalence targeted students in specific disciplines. Public health authorities in the KSA should develop a surveillance system that monitors the prevalence of tobacco smoking on campuses. A surveillance system of monitoring tobacco use among Saudi college students could be beneficial in determining the degree of the tobacco problem and in improving current tobacco control programs.
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Saravanan C, Attlee A, Sulaiman N. A Cross Sectional Study on Knowledge, Beliefs and Psychosocial Predictors of Shisha Smoking among University Students in
Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:903-909. [PMID: 30912413 PMCID: PMC6825792 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.3.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Smoking is now prohibited in all educational institutions and other public places in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), but shisha smoking is considered as one of the major problems among the students population. This study aimed to identify the (a) prevalence of ever shisha, current shisha and shisha dependency smokers among university students in the University of Sharjah (UOS), (b) knowledge and belief differences among ever shisha, current shisha as well as shisha dependency smoking students, (c) relationship between precipitating factors and shisha dependency and (d) precipitating factors (stimulation, handling, pleasure, tension reduction, addiction (dependency), automatism (habit) and social interaction, parents smoking behavior, knowledge and beliefs about smoking predict shisha dependency among students in UOS. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 633 students participated from UOS, UAE. Knowledge and Belief scale, Modified Reason for Smoking Scale and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) were used to measure knowledge, beliefs, shisha dependency and predictive factors of smoking behavior among undergraduate students in UOS. Results: Nearly103 (16.3%) of students were addictive to shisha smoking based on FTND. Students had adequate knowledge that smoking led to cardiac problems; however, their knowledge about the other consequences of smoking was inadequate and believed that smoking was not harmful. There was a significant positive relationship between addiction, pleasure, social interaction, habit, parental smoking behavior and shisha dependency behavior among current shisha dependency students. Habit, addiction, pleasure, social interaction and parental smoking were the predictors of shisha smoking dependency among this population. Step wise multiple regressions showed that social interaction was the highest significant predictor for shisha dependency behavior. Conclusions: Hence, there is a need to enhance the knowledge and modify irrational beliefs about shisha smoking as these students possess inadequate knowledge about consequences of shisha smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coumaravelou Saravanan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Amita Attlee
- College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabil Sulaiman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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Wu Y, Fan H, Guo Z, Wei L. Factors Associated With Smoking Intentions Among Chinese College Students. Am J Mens Health 2019; 13:1557988318818285. [PMID: 30813857 PMCID: PMC6775548 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318818285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking intention is a strong predictor of future smoking behavior. The aim of this study is to identify the significant factors associated with smoking intention among Chinese college students. A total of 2,827 students in Eastern, Middle, and Western regions of China, randomly selected using a multistage sampling method, completed the self-administered questionnaires. The association of independent variables with smoking intention was evaluated using the logistic regression model. Overall, the proportion of college students with a strong smoking intention was 6.9%. Male students (odds ratio [OR] 2.205, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.374, 3.538]), those students whose mothers smoked (OR 3.328, 95% CI [1.527, 7.252]), those whose mothers had a higher educational level (OR 0.583, 95% CI [0.346, 0.984]), current smokers (OR 14.081, 95% CI [9.306, 21.307]), former smokers (OR 3.824, 95% CI [1.728, 8.463]), and those for whom most (OR 2.663, 95% CI [1.348, 5.261]) or a few (OR 1.826, 95% CI [1.045, 3.191]) of their closest friends were smokers had statistically significant associations with the smoking intentions of Chinese college students. Further studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms and pathways across various factors, and these factors should be incorporated into future multilevel interventions designed to decrease smoking intention among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Wu
- 1 Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hong Fan
- 1 Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyou Guo
- 2 College of Humanities and Management, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Liangmin Wei
- 1 Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Sighaldeh SS, Baheiraei A, Dehghan S, Charkazi A. Persistent use of hookah smoking among Iranian women: A qualitative study. Tob Prev Cessat 2018; 4:38. [PMID: 32411864 PMCID: PMC7205117 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/99507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hookah smoking is the most common method of tobacco smoking among Iranian women and its rate has significantly increased over the past few decades. This study aimed to explore reasons behind persistent use of hookah smoking among Iranian women. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted from December 2014 to March 2016. Participants were 38 Iranian women living in Tehran, the capital of Iran. They were hookah smokers at the time of this study or at least had a history of its use. Data were collected using semi-structured face-to-face interviews and were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. RESULTS The main factors for persistent use of hookah smoking from the perspective of women were entertainment, a pretext to gather with old friends and family members, and a method for the creation of social networks. Hookah smoking has been described as entertainment and fun. CONCLUSIONS Strategies aimed to curb the social issue of hookah smoking by women need to focus on the provision of appropriate entertainment methods with the consideration of advantages, such as gathering with friends and family members and consolidating relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Shahbazi Sighaldeh
- Department of Reproductive Health, Prenatal and Delivery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Baheiraei
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abdurrahman Charkazi
- Health Education and Promotion, Environmental Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Nasser AMA, Salah BAM, Regassa LT, Alhakimy AAS, Zhang X. Smoking prevalence, attitudes and associated factors among students in health-related Departments of Community College in rural Yemen. Tob Induc Dis 2018; 16:31. [PMID: 31516430 PMCID: PMC6659497 DOI: 10.18332/tid/92547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoking is a global concern and tobacco use is rising among the youth in Arab countries, such as Yemen, especially among university students. This study aims to examine the prevalence, attitudes and associated factors of smoking among college students in the rural area of Hajja, Yemen. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at a community college in the Hajja province between August and December 2016. The data were collected from three health related departments (Nursing, Laboratory, and Assistant doctor). A questionnaire based on the Global Health Professional Survey and the Global Youth Tobacco Survey was answered by 380 randomly selected students. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses indicated that sex (OR=0.4, 95% CI: 0.2–0.8, p<0.05), family income (OR=2.0, 95% CI: 1.2–3.3, p<0.05), and residence (OR=0.2, 95% CI: 0.1–0.5, p<0.001), were statistically significant predictors of smoking. Smoking for peer pressure, recreation and proving manhood were all found to be highly significant (p<0.001). The results also revealed that smokers had more negative attitudes towards allowing children to smoke in the future and allowing smoking in the household (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Compared to similar studies on the general population, the prevalence of smoking among college students in the rural area was lower. An indication of a growth in tobacco use can be concluded, accordingly, the need for anti-smoking programmes to prevent students from initiating smoking is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bassam A M Salah
- Institute of Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Luba T Regassa
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical Collage, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Xinping Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical Collage, Wuhan, China
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Omotehinwa OJ, Japheths O, Damascene IJ, Habtu M. Shisha use among students in a private university in Kigali city, Rwanda: prevalence and associated factors. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:713. [PMID: 29884163 PMCID: PMC5994055 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND All over the globe shisha smoking is fast growing among different age brackets. Shisha use has been reported to be increasing among youths in African major cities. Its use is documented to result in health effects such as lung cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory conditions, periodontal diseases, keratoacanthoma which are also associated with cigarette smoking. In Kigali, Rwanda's capital, reports indicate that shisha use is increasing among the youths, particularly the university students. The study aimed at determining the prevalence, and establishing factors associated with shisha use among students in a university in Kigali Rwanda, which will be a significant step in stemming shisha fame among youths in Rwanda as there was no previously documented evidence-based study. METHODS A total of 427 students were selected for this cross-sectional study using stratified sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect data on shisha use, knowledge about shisha, attitude towards shisha, and factors associated with use of shisha. The association between the independent variables and shisha use was assessed using chi-square p value < 0.05. Binary logistic regression was used to determine variables that were independently associated with shisha smoking. RESULTS Prevalence of ever smoking shisha among the university students was 26.1% and that of those that smoked in the last month (30 days) was 20.8%. About 40 % (39.9%) of the participants that had heard about shisha before demonstrated low level of knowledge, and 41.6% of these reported shisha use in the last 30 days. Logistic regression revealed that the followings were independently associated with shisha smoking: always drink alcohol (p = 0.003); drink alcohol occasionally (p = 0.045); having friend(s) who smoke shisha (p = 0.001); being aware of shisha's availability in cafes, bars and restaurants in Kigali (p = 0.022); positive attitude towards shisha smoking (p < 0.001) and participants with age < 20 years (p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS There is a relative high prevalence of shisha smoking and a poor knowledge about its impact on health among these university students. Regular medical education and health promotion targeting the youths could improve knowledge and practices about shisha use. Shisha laws and regulations should be enacted, and fines imposed on individuals or group who flout them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omoboriowo Joad Omotehinwa
- Department of Public Health, Mount Kenya University, School of Health Sciences, P. O. Box 5826, Kigali Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Ogendi Japheths
- Department of Public Health, Mount Kenya University, School of Health Sciences, P. O. Box 5826, Kigali Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Michael Habtu
- Department of Public Health, Mount Kenya University, School of Health Sciences, P. O. Box 5826, Kigali Campus, Kigali, Rwanda
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Nematollahi S, Mansournia MA, Foroushani AR, Mahmoodi M, Alavi A, Shekari M, Holakouie-Naieni K. The effects of water-pipe smoking on birth weight: a population-based prospective cohort study in southern Iran. Epidemiol Health 2018. [PMID: 29529859 PMCID: PMC5968205 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2018008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Consecutive community health assessments revealed that water-pipe smoking in women and impaired growth in children were among the main health concerns in suburban communities in southern Iran. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of water-pipe smoking during pregnancy on birth weight. METHODS Data from a population-based prospective cohort study of 714 singleton live pregnancies in the suburbs of Bandar Abbas in southern Iran in 2016-2018 were used in this study. Data about water-pipe smoking patterns and birth weight were collected by questionnaires during and after the pregnancy. Low birth weight (LBW) was defined as a birth weight below 2,500 g. Statistical analyses were performed using generalized linear models, and the results were presented in terms of relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Fifty (8.2%) of the study subjects smoked water-pipe. The adjusted risk of LBW increased 2-fold in water-pipe smokers (adjusted RR [aRR], 2.09; 95% CI, 1.18 to 3.71), and by 2.0% for each 1-year increase in the duration of water-pipe smoking (aRR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that water-pipe smoking during pregnancy was an important risk factor for LBW in this population sample from southern Iran. The introduction of regulations onto prevent water-pipe smoking and the implementation of community health action plans aiming at empowering women and increasing women’s knowledge and awareness regarding the health consequences of water-pipe smoking are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Nematollahi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimi Foroushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Mahmoodi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Alavi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shekari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Kourosh Holakouie-Naieni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Bandar Abbas Health Research Station, World Health Organization Regional Malaria Training Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Al-Rawi NH, Alnuaimi AS, Uthman AT. Shisha Smoking Habit among Dental School Students in the United Arab Emirates: Enabling Factors and Barriers. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:2805103. [PMID: 29666646 PMCID: PMC5831876 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2805103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to assess shisha smoking among dental school students in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE). In addition, the role of suggested barriers and enabling factors in shisha smoking was also evaluated. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted at the College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, between February and May 2016. The questions were adapted from previously published water pipe smoking studies. The collected data were analyzed to identify the relationship between shisha smoking and sociodemographic characteristics. Relevant questions were further categorized as enabling factors and barriers for shisha smoking. RESULTS Three enabling questionnaire items related to social environment were significantly associated with an increased risk of being a current smoker. The most powerful is peer pressure ("friends smoke shisha"), which increased the odds ratio of shisha smoking 11.3 times, followed by smoker sibling with increase in odd ratio by 4.52 times, then the belief of social acceptance with increase in odd ratio by 4.31 times. CONCLUSION Shisha smoking is a serious problem among university students. Any intervention program in the university curricula should consider teaching students that shisha is no less risky than cigarettes and is addictive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Asmaa T. Uthman
- College of Dental Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
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Tucktuck M, Ghandour R, Abu-Rmeileh NME. Waterpipe and cigarette tobacco smoking among Palestinian university students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2017; 18:1. [PMID: 28693529 PMCID: PMC5504745 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last two decades, waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS), also known as hookah, witnessed a global increase in use, especially among youth. Little information is known about the burden of WTS among Palestinian youth. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of WTS and cigarette smoking and explore the associated factors among a sample of Palestinian university students. METHODS 1891 students, from five Palestinian universities in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, completed a self-administered, web-based survey in 2014-2015. The questionnaire, which was based on the Global Adults Tobacco Survey (GATS), had questions on WTS and cigarette smoking patterns and socio-demographic and university-related characteristics. Binary logistic regression analyses were computed to investigate associated factors with WTS and cigarette smoking. RESULTS 50.9% of the sample was women. The mean age was 20.1 ± 2.0. Overall, 30.0% of participants were current tobacco smokers and 33.4% reported ever smoking tobacco through a waterpipe. The prevalence of current WTS (24.4%) surpassed the prevalence of current cigarette smoking (18.0%), with a significantly higher prevalence among men compared to women. The gender gap for WTS (36.4% vs. 12.9%) was smaller than that for cigarette smoking (32.8% vs. 3.6%). Binary logistic regression models for the total sample (men and women) revealed that men were more likely to be current waterpipe and cigarette tobacco smokers compared to women (AOR = 4.20, 95% CI = 3.22-5.48, and AOR = 10.91, 95% CI = 7.25-16.42, respectively). Geographic area of residence, faculty of study and self-reported academic achievement were also associated with the likelihood of being current waterpipe and cigarette tobacco smokers. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of WTS was reported among our study sample, and it surpassed the prevalence of cigarette smoking. Interventions to curb the practice of tobacco smoking among Palestinian youth should be tailored differently to WTS and cigarette smoking, be gender-sensitive and specific and target the regional variation in the smoking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tucktuck
- Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Birzeit, occupied Palestinian territory
| | - Rula Ghandour
- Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Birzeit, occupied Palestinian territory
| | - Niveen M. E. Abu-Rmeileh
- Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Birzeit, occupied Palestinian territory
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Hossain S, Hossain S, Ahmed F, Islam R, Sikder T, Rahman A. Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking and Factors Associated with the Initiation of Smoking among University Students in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Cent Asian J Glob Health 2017; 6:244. [PMID: 29138736 DOI: 10.5195/cajgh.2017.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introuduction Tobacco smoking is considered to be the key preventable risk factor for morbidity and mortality at the global level. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of tobacco smoking and factors associated with the initiation of smoking among university students in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with 264 students of Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2015. A standard, self-administered questionnaire consisting of questions on socio-demographic variables, tobacco smoking status, family and peer tobacco smoking history, attitudes and beliefs about tobacco smoking, as well as knowledge about the negative health consequences of tobacco smoking was administered to participants. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models, chi square, and Fisher exact tests. Results The overall prevalence of tobacco smoking was 60.2%, where males smoked at higher rates than females (68.81% and 19.56%, respectively). The influence of friends was the most significant reason for initiating tobacco smoking (OR: 0.862; CI: 0.810-0.917). Perception regarding tobacco smoking was significantly related to continuing tobacco use. Logistic regression models identified that smoking-related attitudes, potential health problems, and family members dying from cardiovascular disease and cancer were significantly associated with tobacco smoking. Conclusion The current tobacco smoking prevalence among university students in Bangladesh is over 60%. We suggest adopting WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) policies, especially for university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahadat Hossain
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shakhaoat Hossain
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahad Ahmed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rabiul Islam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tajuddin Sikder
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Soule EK, Lipato T, Eissenberg T. Waterpipe tobacco smoking: A new smoking epidemic among the young? CURRENT PULMONOLOGY REPORTS 2015; 4:163-172. [PMID: 26756025 PMCID: PMC4706079 DOI: 10.1007/s13665-015-0124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Waterpipe (hookah, narghile) tobacco smoking (WTS) is becoming prevalent worldwide and is one of the most popular forms of tobacco use among youth. WTS prevalence has increased dramatically among youth in the United States within the past decade. Misperceived as less harmful than cigarette smoking, WTS is associated with many of the same chronic health effects such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, bronchitis, and asthma. Much of this risk is due to the fact that a single WTS session exposes users to large volumes of smoke that contain toxic chemicals such as carbon monoxide, cancer-causing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and volatile aldehydes. Unlike cigarette smoking, WTS poses unique risks of acute negative health outcomes including carbon monoxide poisoning and the spread of communicable diseases such as herpes and tuberculosis. Because waterpipe tobacco smoke contains the addictive chemical nicotine, youth who smoke tobacco from a waterpipe may be at risk for dependence. As a result, many youth may initiate WTS and continue to use despite negative health effects. Considering many of the potential negative health effects associated with WTS affect the pulmonary system, pulmonologists and primary care providers may treat patients who are waterpipe tobacco smokers and should be aware of the risk associated with WTS. The purpose of this review is to describe a waterpipe, the prevalence and correlates of WTS, the toxicants found in waterpipe tobacco smoke, the health effects of WTS, and implications for pulmonologists and other clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric K. Soule
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, PO Box 980205, Richmond, VA 23298, USA, Phone: 804-827-3562
| | - Thokozeni Lipato
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, PO Box 980102, Richmond, VA 23298, USA, Phone: 804-628-3626
| | - Thomas Eissenberg
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, PO Box 980205, Richmond, VA 23298, Phone: 804-827-4617, Fax: 804-828-7862
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Asfour LW, Stanley ZD, Weitzman M, Sherman SE. Uncovering risky behaviors of expatriate teenagers in the United Arab Emirates: A survey of tobacco use, nutrition and physical activity habits. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:944. [PMID: 26399757 PMCID: PMC4580293 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco use and unhealthy lifestyle habits amongst youth contribute to most major health issues in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and worldwide. However up to date and comprehensive statistics are not available on the current behavior, experimentation and environmental influences on teenagers in the UAE’s expatriate community, who are greatly impacted by the country’s culture and environment, as well as bringing influences from their cultures of origin. Expatriates comprise a majority of the UAE population, making them an important subset of the population to study. Method To address this gap in knowledge, a survey was conducted to collect information on tobacco use, physical activity and nutrition behaviors, anti-tobacco media/legislation effectiveness and health education gaps. Results Our results provide a summary on each of these topics with regards to ninth grade expatriates in the UAE. We offer the first statistics on dokha use in this age group and uncover signs of underlying eating disorders. Conclusions In conclusion, we call for a tobacco use, nutrition and physical activity intervention targeted at this age group of UAE expatriates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena W Asfour
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Zachary D Stanley
- New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Michael Weitzman
- Departments of Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine, Professor of Global Public Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Scott E Sherman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Eid K, Selim S, Ahmed D, El-sayed A. Smoking problem among Helwan University students: Practical versus theoretical faculty. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Psychosocial determinants of cigarette smoking among university students in Jordan. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2014; 2:152-61. [PMID: 25141040 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174411000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of cigarette use and water pipe smoking in Jordanian university students and to analyze differences in determinants between cigarette smokers and non-smokers. A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 400 students (18-24 years, 51% males). Smokers were compared with non-smokers on several smoking-related determinants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, χ 2 test and binary logistic regression analysis. The prevalence rates of cigarette use and water pipe smoking were 25.9% and 23.3%, respectively. Cigarette smokers differed significantly from non-smokers on almost all of the assessed determinants. The I-Change model explained 85% of the total variance of cigarette-smoking behavior. Cigarette smoking was determined by being male and older, having more depressive symptoms, having less Muslim identity, being more emancipated, perceiving more pros of smoking, having more modeling from peers and having lower self-efficacy. The popularity of cigarette use and water pipe smoking among Jordanian students necessitates health promotion interventions that motivate students not to engage in smoking behaviors by clearly outlining the outcomes of smoking and the healthier alternatives, how to cope with social influences and difficult situations in order to increase self-efficacy.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prevalence of hookah use is increasing significantly among adolescents. This study aimed to delineate demographic and socioeconomic correlates of hookah use among high school seniors in the United States. We hypothesized that more impoverished adolescents and those who smoked cigarettes would be more likely to use hookahs. METHODS Data were examined for 5540 high school seniors in Monitoring the Future (years 2010-2012), an annual nationally representative survey of high school students in the United States. Using data weights provided by Monitoring the Future, we used multivariable binary logistic regression to delineate correlates of hookah use in the last 12 months. RESULTS Eighteen percent of students reported hookah use in the past year. Compared with white students, black students were at lower odds for use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.27, P < .0001). High parent education increased the odds for use (AOR = 1.58, P < .001), and student weekly income from a job of >$50/week (AOR = 1.26, P < .05) or $11 to $50 per week from other sources (AOR = 1.35, P < .01) also increased odds for use. Males and urban students were also at higher odds for use, as were users of alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit substances. Former cigarette smokers were at higher risk, and current smokers were at highest risk for use. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents of higher socioeconomic status appear to be at particularly high risk for hookah use in the United States. Prevention efforts must target this group as prevalence continues to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherry Zhou
- Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Michael Weitzman
- Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
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Tobacco use among university students of Jazan Region: gender differences and associated factors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:279231. [PMID: 24900961 PMCID: PMC4036415 DOI: 10.1155/2014/279231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. The main objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use and behavioral patterns among undergraduate students at higher education institutions in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia during the 2011-2012 academic year and to investigate factors that contribute to tobacco use by gender. Methods. A cross-sectional study of 4100 undergraduate students was conducted. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on the extent and pattern of tobacco consumption and factors associated with tobacco use. Results. Current smokers accounted for 16.8% (95% CI: 15.6–18.1) of the population sampled; 25.6% (95% CI: 23.8–27.5) of males were current smokers, whereas only 4.6% (95% CI: 3.6–5.8) of females were current smokers (P = 0.000). Multivariate analysis revealed that the most important variables explaining tobacco use among study participants were the use of khat (OR = 14.05; P = 0.000), smoking status of friends (OR = 2.25; P = 0.000), and substance use by friends (OR = 1.81; P = 0.001). Conclusions. The results demonstrated that khat use was the main predictor for smoking in Jazan for both males and females. Interventions should be designed to reduce the use of tobacco among university students.
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Jawad M, McEwen A, McNeill A, Shahab L. To what extent should waterpipe tobacco smoking become a public health priority? Addiction 2013; 108:1873-84. [PMID: 23863044 DOI: 10.1111/add.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) popularity is increasing world-wide, and health effects are emerging in the light of evidence that WTS is perceived by users as less harmful than cigarette smoking. However, there remains a paucity of available evidence from which to draw firm conclusions about its public health significance. AIMS This narrative review aims to summarize WTS literature to date to inform tobacco control specialists and health-care professionals about this phenomenon and help them to assess whether or not WTS should become a public health priority. METHODS Standard electronic databases as well as conference proceedings and personal libraries were searched in English, French and Arabic with inclusive terminology for the variety of names given to WTS. FINDINGS Waterpipe smoke contains significant levels of toxins, some of which are known to be carcinogenic to humans. Recent epidemiological trends have established an increasing prevalence of WTS in the Middle East and the United States, particularly among adolescents. It is used commonly across multiple ethnicities and both genders with less of a social gradient than cigarette smoking. Attitudes and beliefs have been researched widely and several reasons for believing it is less harmful than cigarette smoking include water filtration and social acceptability. A wide range of diseases have been associated with WTS, but research in this area is relatively underdeveloped and a better evidence base is needed. Worryingly, the waterpipe industry, including waterpipe cafes, operates in an almost completely unregulated market and employs deceptive marketing techniques to attract new users. CONCLUSIONS Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) appears to be on the increase, especially among younger users, and therefore represents a potential public health concern. While legislators should consider enforcing and extending existing tobacco laws to a growing WTS industry, further research is required to fill gaps in the literature and provide evidence-based interventions for tobacco control specialists and health-care professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Jawad
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Khat chewing among students of higher education in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia: prevalence, pattern, and related factors. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:487232. [PMID: 23878809 PMCID: PMC3708399 DOI: 10.1155/2013/487232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To estimate the prevalence and behavioral patterns of Khat chewing and (2) to investigate factors that influenced the pattern of Khat use among undergraduate students in different higher education institutions in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study using a pretested structured self-administered quantitative questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS version 17 software program was used for data analysis. RESULTS The overall current Khat chewing prevalence among higher education students was found to be 23.1%, significantly higher among males at 38.5% than among females at 2.1% (P < 0.001). Lifetime Khat chewer students were 24.8% for males at 40.5%, significantly higher compared with females at 3.7% (P < 0.001). Univariate analysis revealed that the gender of student, smoking status of student, a friend's smoking, and Khat chewing were associated with a significant high risk of Khat chewing (P < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS The use of Khat trend is increasing among higher education students in Jazan region. A multilevel, value based, comprehensive, and strategic long-term intervention plan is needed. The comprehensive plan may include social interventions geared by creating recreations alternatives and opportunities for youth and a critical review for current authorities' interventions and services.
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Prevalence of high blood pressure, heart disease, thalassemia, sickle-cell anemia, and iron-deficiency anemia among the UAE adolescent population. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 2013:680631. [PMID: 23606864 PMCID: PMC3623475 DOI: 10.1155/2013/680631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the prevalence of high blood pressure, heart disease, and medical diagnoses in relation to blood disorders, among 6,329 adolescent students (age 15 to 18 years) who reside in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Findings indicated that the overall prevalence of high blood pressure and heart disease was 1.8% and 1.3%, respectively. Overall, the prevalence for thalassemia, sickle-cell anemia, and iron-deficiency anemia was 0.9%, 1.6%, and 5%, respectively. Bivariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the prevalence of high blood pressure among the local and expatriate adolescent population in the Emirate of Sharjah. Similarly, statistically significant differences in the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia were observed among the local and expatriate population in Abu Dhabi city, the western region of Abu Dhabi, and Al-Ain. Multivariate analysis revealed the following significant predictors of high blood pressure: residing in proximity to industry, nonconventional substance abuse, and age when smoking or exposure to smoking began. Ethnicity was a significant predictor of heart disease, thalassemia, sickle-cell anemia, and iron-deficiency anemia. In addition, predictors of thalassemia included gender (female) and participating in physical activity. Participants diagnosed with sickle-cell anemia and iron-deficiency anemia were more likely to experience different physical activities.
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Shaikh RB, Abdul Haque NM, Abdul Hadi Khalil Al Mohsen H, Abdul Hadi Khalil Al Mohsen A, Haitham Khalaf Humadi M, Zaki Al Mubarak Z, Mathew E, Al Sharbatti S. Acute effects of dokha smoking on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems among UAE male university students. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:1819-22. [PMID: 22901128 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.5.1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United Arab Emirates (UAE) tobacco use is rampant. A less reported, yet widely used form of smoking native to UAE is midwakh or dhokha. The aim of the study is to assess the acute effects of smoking dokha (Arabian pipe) on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems among male university students in the UAE. METHOD A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 97 male volunteers aged more than 17 years. Blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate of each participant, were measured before and immediately after smoking. A self administered questionnaire was used to collect personal details and data about smoking pattern. RESULTS Mean increases in systolic blood pressures (12±1 mmHg), heart rates (20±2 bpm) and respiratory rates (4±1 breaths/min) were observed (p<0.001). A mean decrease in diastolic blood pressures (1±1 mmHg) was observed (p=0.483). CONCLUSION Smoking dokha has a significant acute effect on systolic blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate. Anti smoking campaigns must address the ill effects of this form of smoking. Results from the study warrant further research into this method of smoking which is becoming more popular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana B Shaikh
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE.
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Azab M, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Anabtawi MM, Quttina M, Khader Y, Eissenberg T. Exposure of pregnant women to waterpipe and cigarette smoke. Nicotine Tob Res 2013; 15:231-7. [PMID: 22573726 PMCID: PMC3524068 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nts119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Throughout the Eastern Mediterranean region, tobacco is used primarily in 2 forms: cigarette smoking and waterpipe smoking. Despite the fact that tobacco use is considered as a global public health threat, waterpipe smoking is reported to be growing in popularity, particularly among women. The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence and patterns of cigarette, waterpipe, and passive smoking among pregnant women in Jordan, and to assess their perception of harmful effects of cigarette and waterpipe smoking. METHODS A total of 500 pregnant women were randomly recruited from maternity clinics in North and Middle of Jordan and surveyed regarding exposure to waterpipe tobacco and cigarette smoking. RESULTS The results showed that 7.9% of women were current cigarette smokers and 8.7% were current waterpipe smokers. About 82.4% of all women reported that they are exposed to cigarette smoke and 32.8% reported that they are exposed to waterpipe smoke. The most common place where women are exposed to cigarette and waterpipe smoke was their house (50.4% and 48.7%, respectively) followed by public places (31.4% and 21.4%, respectively). In addition, the husband was the main source for exposure to cigarette and waterpipe smoke (48.5% and 42.7%, respectively). Approximately, 74% of women believed that cigarette smoking is addictive, whereas only 55.1% reported that waterpipe smoking leads to addiction. CONCLUSIONS Exposure of pregnant women to tobacco smoke is a public health problem in Jordan that requires immediate action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Azab
- Department of Community Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan. a
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Musaiger AO, Al-Hazzaa HM. Prevalence and risk factors associated with nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Int J Gen Med 2012; 5:199-217. [PMID: 22399864 PMCID: PMC3295618 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s29663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the current situation concerning nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases (N-NCDs) and the risk factors associated with these diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). A systematic literature review of studies and reports published between January 1, 1990 and September 15, 2011 was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cancer, and osteoporosis have become the main causes of morbidity and mortality, especially with progressive aging of the population. The estimated mortality rate due to cardiovascular disease and diabetes ranged from 179.8 to 765.2 per 100,000 population, with the highest rates in poor countries. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was very high, ranging from 19% to 45%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2)) has reached an alarming level in most countries of the region, ranging from 25% to 82%, with a higher prevalence among women. The estimated mortality rate for cancer ranged from 61.9 to 151 per 100,000 population. Osteoporosis has become a critical problem, particularly among women. Several risk factors may be contributing to the high prevalence of N-NCDs in EMR, including nutrition transition, low intake of fruit and vegetables, demographic transition, urbanization, physical inactivity, hypertension, tobacco smoking, stunting of growth of preschool children, and lack of nutrition and health awareness. Intervention programs to prevent and control N-NCDs are urgently needed, with special focus on promotion of healthy eating and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman O Musaiger
- Nutrition and Health Studies Unit, Deanship of Scientific Research, University of Bahrain, Bahrain, and Arab Center for Nutrition, Bahrain
| | - Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Movement Science, College of Education, and Scientific Board, Obesity Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Grekin ER, Ayna D. Waterpipe smoking among college students in the United States: a review of the literature. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2012; 60:244-9. [PMID: 22420702 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2011.589419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature on college student waterpipe use with a focus on undergraduates in the United States. PARTICIPANTS Undergraduate students. METHODS Studies were accessed using the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Academic Search Premier. Searches included combinations of the following keywords: "waterpipe," "hookah," "shisha," "nargila," "argileh," "hubble bubble," "college," "university," and "student." RESULTS Results demonstrate that approximately 1 in 5 American college students report past-year waterpipe use. Results also suggest that there are a number of established correlates of waterpipe smoking, including male gender, Arab ethnicity, cigarette smoking, and the belief that waterpipe smoking is less harmful than cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS Despite its harmful health effects, waterpipe smoking is quite common among college students. Future research with better methodologies and theoretical frameworks are needed to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Grekin
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Al-Haqwi AI, Tamim H, Asery A. Knowledge, attitude and practice of tobacco smoking by medical students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ann Thorac Med 2011; 5:145-8. [PMID: 20835308 PMCID: PMC2930652 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1737.65044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco consumption is associated with considerable negative impact on health. Health professionals, including future doctors, should have a leading role in combating smoking in the community. OBJECTIVES The aims of the study were to assess the prevalence of smoking among medical students of newly established medical colleges in Riyadh city, the capital of Saudi Arabia, as well as to assess students' attitude, practice and their knowledge on the risk factors of tobacco consumption. METHODS A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study of students from two medical colleges in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was carried out. The questionnaire used was anonymous, self-administered and developed mainly from Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). RESULTS A total of 215 students participated in this study. Forty students (19%) indicated that they smoke tobacco at the time of the study. All of them were males, which raise the prevalence among male students to 24%. Tobacco smoking was practiced by males more than females (P value <0.0001) and by senior more than junior students (<0.0001). About 94% of the study sample indicated that smoking could cause serious illnesses. About 90% of the students indicated that they would advice their patients to quit smoking in the future and 88% thought that smoking should be banned in public areas. Forty-four students (20%) thought that smoking has some beneficial effects, mainly as a coping strategy for stress alleviation. CONCLUSION Despite good knowledge about the hazards of tobacco consumption, about 25% of the medical students in this study continue to smoke. The main reported reasons should be addressed urgently by policy-makers. Special efforts should be taken to educate medical students on the effective strategies in managing stress during their study as they thought that tobacco smoking could be used as a coping strategy to face such a stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali I Al-Haqwi
- Family and Community Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. , haqwia/at/ksau-hs.edu.sa
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Akl EA, Gunukula SK, Aleem S, Obeid R, Jaoude PA, Honeine R, Irani J. The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking among the general and specific populations: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:244. [PMID: 21504559 PMCID: PMC3100253 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to systematically review the medical literature for the prevalence of waterpipe tobacco use among the general and specific populations. METHODS We electronically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the ISI the Web of Science. We selected studies using a two-stage duplicate and independent screening process. We included cohort studies and cross sectional studies assessing the prevalence of use of waterpipe in either the general population or a specific population of interest. Two reviewers used a standardized and pilot tested form to collect data from each eligible study using a duplicate and independent screening process. We stratified the data analysis by country and by age group. The study was not restricted to a specific context. RESULTS Of a total of 38 studies, only 4 were national surveys; the rest assessed specific populations. The highest prevalence of current waterpipe smoking was among school students across countries: the United States, especially among Arab Americans (12%-15%) the Arabic Gulf region (9%-16%), Estonia (21%), and Lebanon (25%). Similarly, the prevalence of current waterpipe smoking among university students was high in the Arabic Gulf region (6%), the United Kingdom (8%), the United States (10%), Syria (15%), Lebanon (28%), and Pakistan (33%). The prevalence of current waterpipe smoking among adults was the following: Pakistan (6%), Arabic Gulf region (4%-12%), Australia (11% in Arab speaking adults), Syria (9%-12%), and Lebanon (15%). Group waterpipe smoking was high in Lebanon (5%), and Egypt (11%-15%). In Lebanon, 5%-6% pregnant women reported smoking waterpipe during pregnancy. The studies were all cross-sectional and varied by how they reported waterpipe smoking. CONCLUSION While very few national surveys have been conducted, the prevalence of waterpipe smoking appears to be alarmingly high among school students and university students in Middle Eastern countries and among groups of Middle Eastern descent in Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie A Akl
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Mandil A, BinSaeed A, Ahmad S, Al-Dabbagh R, Alsaadi M, Khan M. Smoking among university students: a gender analysis. J Infect Public Health 2010; 3:179-87. [PMID: 21126722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objectives of this paper were to estimate the consumption patterns of tobacco use among King Saud University (KSU) undergraduate students; and investigate different risk factors which may contribute to tobacco use among female students. A representative sample (n=7550) of the total KSU undergraduate student population of 69,498 (males and females) was selected, stratified according to college and gender. A modified version of the WHO/CDC Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) questionnaire was used for data collection. Overall smoking prevalence among KSU students was estimated at 14.5%, prevalence among male students (32.7%), and females (5.9%). Independent risk factors for smoking among males were found to be: age, father's smoking habits, and "friends' smoking habits"; while among females were: sister's smoking habits and "friends' smoking habits." The findings of this study re-emphasize the significance of peer pressure on smoking among university students of both sexes; influence of family members, usually of same sex. We need to foster gender-sensitive tobacco prevention intervention programs, to prevent youngsters of both sexes from taking up such habit. We also need to raise awareness of girls and young women, of the consequences of smoking in general, water-pipe in specific, on their own health, that of their spouses, families, and off-springs, many of whom could develop chronic respiratory disorders, as passive smokers in the beginning/potential smokers themselves, later on. All such efforts should be backed and supported by strong governmental commitment, to ensure success of their implementation accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mandil
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Afifi RA, Yeretzian JS, Rouhana A, Nehlawi MT, Mack A. Neighbourhood influences on narghile smoking among youth in Beirut. Eur J Public Health 2009; 20:456-62. [PMID: 19884160 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckp173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasingly neighbourhoods are identified as influencing health. Neighbourhood characteristics have been linked to cigarette use. In Lebanon, the water pipe (narghile) use is most frequent among youth. The current study is aimed at identifying differential neighbourhood influences on smoking narghile among youth. METHODS A quantitative interview was completed with 1294 adolescents, 13-20 years, in three urban disadvantaged neighbourhoods of Beirut. Individual and social factors, suggested by the literature, were associated with smoking narghile. The neighbourhood variation in the influence of these factors was then explored. Bivariate and stratified logistic regression analysis were conducted, neighbourhood being the stratification variable. RESULTS About 60% of respondents had ever tried a narghile, about one-fifth continued to smoke. Several individual-level and social variables predicted narghile smoking bivariately. The influences on narghile smoking varied by neighbourhood. Neighbourhood differences persisted at the multivariate level. Consistently across neighbourhoods, the influence of friends was the predominant predictor of narghile smoking. In one neighbourhood, maternal smoking was a risk factor for narghile smoking of youth, in another paternal smoking. Being female seems to be protective in two of the three neighbourhoods. Other factors also differentially influence narghile use by neighbourhood. CONCLUSIONS The mechanisms of influence of neighbourhoods on health are not clearly understood, but a transactional paradigm seems most fitting with the results found in this research. Interventions to prevent the narghile smoking should address multiple levels of influence; and must be tailored to the particular aspects of neighbourhoods which are influential in the uptake of this behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rema A Afifi
- Department of Health Behavior and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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