1
|
Ooka T, Gotoh Y, Hatanaka S, Yoshimori M, Nishitarumizu K, Kojo K, Kosakamoto H, Sameshima K, Kuroki Y, Chibana N, Doi Y, Yoshino S, Harada T, Seto K, Ikeda T, Miyanohara H, Nakayama K, Gokuden M, Imuta N, Kawamura H, Ogura Y, Hayashi T, Nishi J. A Salmonella enterica Serovar Oranienburg Clone Caused a Cluster of Bacteremia Cases in Persons With No Recognizable Underlying Diseases in Japan. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 10:ofac695. [PMID: 36686639 PMCID: PMC9846185 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Oranienburg (SO) is a foodborne pathogen but rarely causes systemic infections such as bacteremia. Between July and September 2018, bacteremia cases caused by SO were identified in 12 persons without any underlying medical conditions in the southern Kyushu area of Japan. Methods Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed to investigate the genetic similarity of the 12 bacteremia-related strains and other Japanese isolates. Furthermore, a series of whole-genome sequence (WGS)-based phylogenetic analyses was performed with a global SO strain set (n = 1648). Results The resolution power of RAPD was insufficient to investigate the genetic similarity between the bacteremia-related strains and other strains. WGS-based phylogenetic analyses revealed that the bacteremia-related strains formed a tight cluster along with 2 strains isolated from asymptomatic carriers in 2018 in the same area, with a maximum within-cluster single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) distance of 11. While several strains isolated in the United States and the United Kingdom were found to be closely related to the bacteremia-related strains, 2 strains isolated in 2016 in the southern Kyushu area were most closely related, with SNP distances of 4-11 and 5-10, and had the same plasmids as the bacteremia-related strains. Conclusions The 12 bacteremia cases identified were caused by a single SO clone. As none of the bacteremia patients had any underlying diseases, this clone may be prone to cause bacteremia. Although further analyses are required to understand its virulence, particular attention should be given to this clone and its close relatives in the surveillance of nontyphoidal salmonellae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadasuke Ooka
- Correspondence: Tadasuke Ooka, PhD, Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan ()
| | - Yasuhiro Gotoh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Hatanaka
- Department of Emergency and General Internal Medicine, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Miyuki Yoshimori
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Nishitarumizu
- Department of Emergency and General Internal Medicine, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kanami Kojo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima Children's Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kosakamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kokubu Seikyo Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koji Sameshima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kuroki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Koga General Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Naomi Chibana
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Naha City Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yuriko Doi
- Kagoshima City Public Health Center, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shuji Yoshino
- Clinical Microbiology Section, Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Harada
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuko Seto
- Division of Microbiology, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikeda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyanohara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kagoshima Prefectural Comprehensive Health Center, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koichiro Nakayama
- Microorganism Section, Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Environmental Research and Public Health, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mutsuyo Gokuden
- Microorganism Section, Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Environmental Research and Public Health, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Naoko Imuta
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Kawamura
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Ogura
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan,Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Medicine, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
ABSTRACT
As the manufacture of cheese relies in part on the select outgrowth of microorganisms, such conditions can also allow for the multiplication of unwanted contaminants. Milk ultimately becomes contaminated with microorganisms originating from infection, the farm environment, and feedstuffs, as well as milking and processing equipment. Thus, poor sanitation, improper milk handling, and animal health issues can result in not only decreased yield and poor quality but also sporadic cases and outbreaks of dairy-related disease. The entry, establishment, and persistence of food-borne pathogens in dairy processing environments also present a considerable risk to products postprocessing. Food safety management systems coupled with regulatory policies and microbiological standards for milk and milk products currently implemented in various nations work to reduce risk while improving the quality and safety of cheese and other dairy products. With that, cheese has enjoyed an excellent food safety record with relatively few outbreaks of food-borne disease considering the amount of cheese produced and consumed worldwide. However, as cheese production and consumption continue to grow, we must remain vigilant in ensuring the continued production of safe, high-quality cheese.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sylvester WRB, Amadi V, Pinckney R, Macpherson CNL, McKibben JS, Bruhl-Day R, Johnson R, Hariharan H. Prevalence, serovars and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. from wild and domestic green iguanas (Iguana iguana) in Grenada, West Indies. Zoonoses Public Health 2013; 61:436-41. [PMID: 24325463 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cloacal swabs from 62 green iguanas (Iguana iguana), including 47 wild and 15 domestic ones from five parishes of Grenada, were sampled during a 4-month period of January to April 2013 and examined by enrichment and selective culture for the presence of Salmonella spp. Fifty-five per cent of the animals were positive, and eight serovars of Salmonella were isolated. The most common serovar was Rubislaw (58.8%), a serovar found recently in many cane toads in Grenada, followed by Oranienburg (14.7%), a serovar that has been causing serious human disease outbreaks in Japan. Serovar IV:48:g,z51 :- (formerly, S. Marina) highly invasive and known for serious infections in children in the United States, constituted 11.8% of the isolates, all of them being from domestic green iguanas. Salmonella Newport, a serovar recently found in a blue land crab in Grenada, comprised 11.8% of the isolates from the green iguanas. The remaining four less frequent serovars included S. Javiana and S. Glostrup. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests conducted by a disc diffusion method against amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole showed that drug resistance is minimal, with intermediate susceptibility, mainly to streptomycin, tetracycline and cefotaxime. This is the first report of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibilities of various Salmonella serovars from wild and domestic green iguanas in Grenada, West Indies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W R B Sylvester
- Small Animal Medicine and Surgery Academic Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada, West Indies
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jay-Russell MT, Madigan JE, Bengson Y, Madigan S, Hake AF, Foley JE, Byrne BA. Salmonella Oranienburg isolated from horses, wild turkeys and an edible home garden fertilized with raw horse manure. Zoonoses Public Health 2013; 61:64-71. [PMID: 23425126 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In July 2010, a horse from a rural farm (Farm A) in coastal Northern California was diagnosed with Salmonella Oranienburg infection following referral to a veterinary hospital for colic surgery. Environmental sampling to identify potential sources and persistence of Salmonella on the farm was conducted from August 2010 to March 2011. Salmonella was cultured using standard enrichment and selective plating. Pure colonies were confirmed by biochemical analysis, serotyped and compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. A total of 204 clinical and environmental samples at Farm A were analysed, and Salmonella spp. was isolated from six of eight (75%) horses, an asymptomatic pet dog, two of seven (28.6%) water samples from horse troughs, nine of 20 (45%) manure storage pile composites, 16 of 71 (22.5%) wild turkey faeces and four of 39 (10.3%) soil samples from the family's edible home garden. Well water and garden vegetable samples and horse faecal samples from a neighbouring ranch were negative. S. Oranienburg with a PFGE pattern indistinguishable from the horse clinical strain was found in all positive sample types on Farm A. The investigation illustrates the potential for widespread dissemination of Salmonella in a farm environment following equine infections. We speculate that a recent surge in the wild turkey population on the property could have introduced S. Oranienburg into the herd, although we cannot rule out the possibility wild turkeys were exposed on the farm or to other potential sources of Salmonella. Findings from the investigation indicated that raw horse manure applied as fertilizer was the most likely source of garden soil contamination. Viable S. Oranienburg persisted in garden soil for an estimated 210 days, which exceeds the 120-day standard between application and harvest currently required by the National Organic Program. The study underscores the need to educate the public about potential food safety hazards associated with using raw animal manure to fertilize edible home gardens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M T Jay-Russell
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|