1
|
Ng’oda M, Gatheru PM, Oyeyemi O, Busienei P, Karugu CH, Mugo S, Okoth L, Nampijja M, Kiwuwa-Muyingo S, Wado YD, Kitsao-Wekulo P, Asiki G, Gitau E. Mentorship in health research institutions in Africa: A systematic review of approaches, benefits, successes, gaps and challenges. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003314. [PMID: 39312559 PMCID: PMC11419371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Africa, where the burden of diseases is disproportionately high, significant challenges arise from a shortage of skilled researchers, lack of research funding, and limited mentorship opportunities. The continent faces a substantial gap in research output largely attributed to the dearth of mentorship opportunities for early career researchers. OBJECTIVE To explore existing mentorship approaches, identify challenges, gaps, successes, and benefits, and provide insights for strengthening mentorship programs in African health research institutions. METHODS We registered the review protocol on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [CRD42021285018] and searched six electronic databases-EMBASE, AJOL, Web of Science, PubMed, DOAJ, and JSTOR from inception to 10 November 2023, for studies published in English reporting on approaches of mentorship in health research in African countries. We also searched grey literature repositories, institutional websites, and reference lists of included studies for additional literature. Two independent reviewers conducted screening of titles and abstracts of identified studies, full-text screening, assessment of methodological quality, and data extraction. We assessed study quality against the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). We resolved any disagreements through discussion and consensus. We employed a narrative approach to synthesize the findings. RESULTS We retrieved 1799 articles and after screening, included 21 studies in the review. The reviewers identified 20 mentorship programs for health researchers (N = 1198) in 12 African countries mostly focusing on early-career researchers and junior faculty members. A few included mid-career and senior researchers. We categorized the programs under three key mentoring approaches: international collaborative programs, regional and in-country collaborations, and specialized capacity-building initiatives. Our review highlighted the following successes and benefits of health research mentorship programs: the establishment of collaborations and partnerships, development of research programs and capacities, improvement of individual skills and confidence, increased publications, and successful grant applications. The gaps identified were limited funding, lack of a mentorship culture, negative attitudes towards research careers, and lack of prioritization of research mentorship. CONCLUSION Our review highlights a diverse landscape of health research mentorship aspects predominantly targeting early career researchers and heavily driven by the North. There is a need for locally driven mentorship initiatives in Africa to strengthen mentorship to advance health research in the region. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021285018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurine Ng’oda
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peter Muriuki Gatheru
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
- School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Oyetunde Oyeyemi
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo Estate, Nigeria
| | - Phylis Busienei
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Sharon Mugo
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lilian Okoth
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | | | | | - Gershim Asiki
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Evelyn Gitau
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
W C, W K, S R, W S. The views and experiences of candidates and graduates from a South African emergency medicine doctoral programme. Afr J Emerg Med 2023; 13:78-85. [PMID: 37124319 PMCID: PMC10130351 DOI: 10.1016/j.afjem.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction With the emergency medicine speciality in its nascency in Africa, EM doctoral programmes will need to be developed to facilitate the establishment of an evidence base that is responsive to the African populace. This study aimed to understand the thoughts, experiences, and opinions of current and past candidates of a South African EM PhD programme. Methods Descriptive, qualitative, semi-structured interviews were used to gather data on PhD EM candidates and graduates. Findings Four candidates, and four graduates were interviewed. Four categories emerged from the data 1) interviewees had various motivations for starting a PhD in EM, 2) candidate expectations and learning needs were not always aligned with reality, and the challenges and opportunities for success in the PhD programme are related both 3) intrinsically (candidate) and 4) extrinsically (system). Discussion Many of the barriers noted by the participants can be related to the nascency of the EM in Africa. Participants felt underprepared for their doctorate in terms of their baseline research literacy and skill. Candidates did not receive the level of student-supervisor engagement they desired. Candidates who are also clinicians faced both academic challenges and a resource-limited healthcare system. Pre-doctoral training may upskill prospective candidates in research literacy before they officially register. Distance-learning can be sub-optimal in terms of social interaction and collaboration. A well-curriculated, competency-based programme with clear outcomes, structured teaching-learning opportunities, intentional academic support throughout the programme, can mitigate the above. Protected academic time, promotion criteria which acknowledges academic contributions, financial incentives and more joint positions between universities and clinical services are potential solutions for clinician researcher challenges. An African PhD EM programme should produce graduates who are independent researchers, skilled in academic supervision and who are impactful to African needs when contributing to the African EM knowledge economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig W
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Corresponding author.
| | - Khan W
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rambharose S
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Stassen W
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Craig W, Rambharose S, Khan W, Stassen W. Emergency medicine doctoral education in Africa: a scoping review of the published literature. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:281. [PMID: 37095474 PMCID: PMC10127363 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While Africa accounts for a significant proportion of world population, and disease and injury burden, it produces less than 1% of the total research output within emergency care. Emergency care research capacity in Africa may be expanded through the development of doctoral programmes that aim to upskill the PhD student into an independent scholar, through dedicated support and structured learning. This study therefore aims to identify the nature of the problem of doctoral education in Africa, thereby informing a general needs assessment within the context of academic emergency medicine. METHODS A scoping review, utilising an a priori, piloted search strategy was conducted (Medline via PubMed and Scopus) to identify literature published between 2011 and 2021 related to African emergency medicine doctoral education. Failing that, an expanded search was planned that focused on doctoral education within health sciences more broadly. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened for inclusion in duplicate, and extracted by the principal author. The search was rerun in September 2022. RESULTS No articles that focused on emergency medicine/care were found. Following the expanded search, a total of 235 articles were identified, and 27 articles were included. Major domains identified in the literature included specific barriers to PhD success, supervision practices, transformation, collaborative learning, and research capacity improvement. CONCLUSIONS African doctoral students are hindered by internal academic factors such as limited supervision and external factors such as poor infrastructure e.g. internet connectivity. While not always feasible, institutions should offer environments that are conducive to meaningful learning. In addition, doctoral programmes should adopt and enforce gender policies to help alleviate the gender differences noted in PhD completion rates and research publication outputs. Interdisciplinary collaborations are potential mechanisms to develop well-rounded and independent graduates. Post-graduate and doctoral supervision experience should be a recognised promotion criterion to assist with clinician researcher career opportunities and motivation. There may be little value in attempting to replicate the programmatic and supervision practices of high-income countries. African doctoral programmes should rather focus on creating contextual and sustainable ways of delivering excellent doctoral education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Craig
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Sanjeev Rambharose
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Waseela Khan
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Willem Stassen
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Diao K, Kizub DA, Ausat N, Mwaba CK, Anakwenze Akinfenwa CP, Cameron CA, Chiao EY, Lombe DC, Msadabwe SC, Lin LL. Perspectives of Zambian Clinical Oncology Trainees in the MD Anderson and Zambia Virtual Clinical Research Training Program (MOZART). Oncologist 2022; 27:e804-e810. [PMID: 35689473 PMCID: PMC9526501 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African countries are underrepresented in cancer research, partly because of a lack of structured curricula on clinical research during medical education. To address this need, the MD Anderson and Zambia Virtual Clinical Research Training Program (MOZART) was developed jointly by MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDA) and the Cancer Diseases Hospital in Zambia (CDH) for Zambian clinical oncology trainees. We explored participant perspectives to provide insight for implementation of similar efforts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MD Anderson and Zambia Virtual Clinical Research Training Program consisted of weekly virtual lectures and support of Zambian-led research protocols through longitudinal mentorship groups that included CDH faculty and MDA peer and faculty mentors. Participants were contacted via email to take part in semi-structured interviews, which were conducted via teleconference and audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded. Emergent themes were extracted and are presented with representative verbatim quotations. RESULTS Thirteen of the 14 (93%) trainees were interviewed. Emergent themes included (1) participants having diverse educational backgrounds but limited exposure to clinical research, (2) importance of cancer research specific to a resource-constrained setting, (3) complementary roles of peer mentors and local and international faculty mentors, (4) positive impact on clinical research skills but importance of a longitudinal program and early exposure to clinical research, and (5) challenges with executing research protocols. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first qualitative study of African clinical oncology trainees participating in a virtual clinical research training program. The lessons learned from semi-structured interviews with participants in MOZART provided valuable insights that can inform the development of similar clinical research training efforts and scale-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Diao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Darya A Kizub
- Department of General Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Noveen Ausat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Carrie A Cameron
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Y Chiao
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dorothy C Lombe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MidCentral District Health Board, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Susan C Msadabwe
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Diseases Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Lilie L Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Diao K, Lombe DC, Mwaba CK, Wu J, Kizub DA, Cameron CA, Chiao EY, Msadabwe SC, Lin LL. Building Capacity for Cancer Research in the Era of COVID-19: Implementation and Results From an International Virtual Clinical Research Training Program in Zambia. JCO Glob Oncol 2022; 8:e2100372. [PMID: 35594499 PMCID: PMC9173571 DOI: 10.1200/go.21.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cancer in sub-Saharan Africa is increasing rapidly, yet cancer research in the region continues to lag. One contributing factor is limited exposure to clinical research among trainees. We describe implementation and results of a virtual clinical research training program for Zambian clinical oncology fellows developed jointly by the Cancer Diseases Hospital in Zambia and the MD Anderson Cancer Center to address this need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Diao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Dorothy C. Lombe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MidCentral District Health Board, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Juliana Wu
- University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | - Darya A. Kizub
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Carrie A. Cameron
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Elizabeth Y. Chiao
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Lilie L. Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Balandya E, Sunguya B, Kidenya B, Nyamhanga T, Minja IK, Mahande M, Mmbaga BT, Mshana SE, Mteta K, Bartlett J, Lyamuya E. Joint Research Mentoring Through the Community of Young Research Peers: A Case for a Unifying Model for Research Mentorship at Higher Learning Institutions. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:355-367. [PMID: 35478975 PMCID: PMC9038151 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s356678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mentorship is pivotal for sustainability of a successful research culture at higher learning institutions. Various models have been proposed for provision of research mentorship in health sciences but are challenged by utilizing predominantly hierarchical mentoring, as well as being centred on one discipline or one institution. This paper describes the approach and successes of an inclusive mentorship model employed in a resource-limited setting in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS Through the NIH-funded Transforming Health Professions Education in Tanzania (THET) project, a consortium of three prominent health sciences higher learning institutions in Tanzania (MUHAS, CUHAS and KCMUCo) and two collaborating US institutions (UCSF and Duke University) was formed. Within THET, the Community of Young Research Peers (CYRP) was constituted, comprised two cohorts of undergraduate students and young faculty (fellows), and senior scientists. Besides mentorship and research training, fellows received funded research awards and in turn mentored undergraduate students. RESULTS By the first quarter of project year four, the number of fellows and mentored undergraduate students had increased from 12 to 24 and from 41 to 67, respectively. Fellows in the second cohort (junior fellows) included medical doctors, nurses, dentist, biomedical scientist, sociologist and education psychologist. In fostering peer-to-peer mentoring, the cross-institutional pairs of fellows from the first cohort (senior fellows) were assigned to reciprocal pairs of junior fellow mentees and took a leading role in research training. Furthermore, the senior fellows had made significant strides, including eight enrolled in PhD programmes, eight publications from mentored research projects, and six small to medium-size research grants won. CONCLUSION The unifying model of research mentorship employed by the CYRP has been demonstrated as an effective model for joint research mentorship of the diverse group of young investigators from collaborating higher learning institutions in Tanzania. This model is recommended for scale-up, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Balandya
- Department of Physiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania
| | - Bruno Sunguya
- Department of Community Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania
| | - Benson Kidenya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Tumaini Nyamhanga
- Department of Development Studies, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania
| | - Irene K Minja
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania
| | - Michael Mahande
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Stephen E Mshana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Kien Mteta
- Department of Urology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - John Bartlett
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eligius Lyamuya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Influence of Geographic Region on Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Literature From 1988 to 2018. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS GLOBAL RESEARCH AND REVIEWS 2021; 5:e20.00260. [PMID: 34111037 PMCID: PMC8196095 DOI: 10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-20-00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Total joint arthroplasty constitutes a major focus of publications within orthopaedics. Because research expands and investigators from around the world contribute, it is important to understand the dynamics of publication.
Collapse
|
8
|
Andia Biraro I, Driciru E, Namaganda R, Luboga F, Kato Drago C, Wajja A, Okech B, Mboowa MGN, Muganyizi R, Kizza M, Cose S, Bukirwa VD, Nakanjako D, Elliott AM. Analysis of the MUII-plus mentorship programme: reflections of Fellows’ experiences and lessons for other programmes. AAS Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.13091.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The MUII mentorship programme began 11 years ago with a successful group mentorship model. Over the years, the programme has evolved and is presently anchored on the “GROW” approach. This model allows individuals to: set Goals (What I want?); Reflect (Where am I now?); think of Options (What can I do?); What to implement (my actions?). It is intended to help fellows (current, honorary, alumni) herein referred to as mentees achieve their short, medium, and long-term research, career and professional goals. Methods: A mixed methods study combining a cross-sectional survey, one focus group discussion and 11 in-depth key informant interviews were carried out between November 2018 and January 2019 to 1) assess the status of the mentorship programme, 2) perform a strength weakness opportunity and threats (SWOT) analysis, and 3) identify factors relevant for sustainability. Results: An open invitation was made to 52 fellows to participate in the survey, and 23 responded. Among respondents, the largest proportions were male [70% (16/23)], and PhD fellows [35% (8/23)]. The respondents rated the fellowship experience as excellent [65% (15/23)], and most [78% (18/23)] revealed they had benefitted greatly from the programme. The SWOT analysis revealed outstanding strengths of having regular fellows’ meetings for peer support, and availability of international collaborations, linkages and exposure. Opportunities identified included large pool of mentees within MUII-plus and evidence of fellows taking up leadership positions. The biggest threat to the mentorship programme was the busy schedule of mentors. Conclusions: The MUII-plus mentorship programme has strong potential to offer research and career mentorship to its fellows. To promote sustainability of the programme, there is a need for innovative ways to engage mentors; such as digital platforms (e-mentorship) for greater mentor-mentee interactions.
Collapse
|
9
|
Fernández-Giusti A, Ronceros G, Matzumura-Kasano J, Podestá L, Canchis-Aremburgo J, Mayta-Tovalino F. Productivity Characteristics of the Thesis Rate of PhD Students in Biomedical Areas of the Different Doctoral Programs in Lima, Peru: A 20-year Retrospective Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:19-25. [PMID: 33688469 PMCID: PMC7934831 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_332_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the productivity characteristics related to the thesis rate of biomedical students of the PhD program in Health Sciences in Lima, Peru through a 20-year retrospective study. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, comparative, cross-sectional study. The evaluation period consisted of two time periods, 1999–2014 and 2015–2019, to differentiate thesis defense production both before and after the promulgation of the new University Law 30220 in Peru. The student population included graduates from different professional areas (Dentistry, Medicine, etc.). An electronic search for all the data was carried out by using the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM) SUM (Unique Registration System) software. Results: It was found that the highest prevalence of students who entered in the doctoral programs of the UNMSM Faculty of Medicine was 26.6% in 2013, whereas the highest prevalence of graduates was 24.4% in 2016. Finally, the highest prevalence of graduates who engaged in thesis defense was 41.4% in 2017. There has been a constant increase in thesis production, with the cutoff point being from 2014 onward. The Pearson's chi-square test showed a significant association between the type of PhD program and thesis defense (P = 0.008). Conclusion: The greatest production of thesis defense was carried out from 2014 to 2019. In addition, there was a significant association between thesis defense according to the PhD program and the professional career of the PhD student; however, none of the factors associated with the influence of obtaining a PhD degree in any of the programs evaluated was statistically significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Fernández-Giusti
- Postgraduate Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Gerardo Ronceros
- Postgraduate Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Juan Matzumura-Kasano
- Postgraduate Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis Podestá
- Postgraduate Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - José Canchis-Aremburgo
- Postgraduate Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Frank Mayta-Tovalino
- Postgraduate Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.,Postgraduate Department, CHANGE Research Working Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nakanjako D, Zalwango F, Wairagala P, Luboga F, Andia Biraro I, Bukirwa VD, Mboowa MG, Cose S, Seeley J, Elliott A. Career development for infection and immunity research in Uganda: a decade of experience from the Makerere University - Uganda Virus Research Institute research and training programme. AAS Open Res 2020; 3:26. [PMID: 32734140 PMCID: PMC7372530 DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.13066.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Makerere University/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) Centre of Excellence for Infection & Immunity Research and Training (MUII) is a collaborative programme supporting excellence in Infection and Immunity (I&I) research in Uganda. Set up in 2008, MUII aims to produce internationally competitive Ugandan and East African I&I research leaders, and develop human and infrastructural resources to support research and training excellence. We undertook an internal evaluation of MUII’s achievements, challenges and lessons learned between 08-2008 and 12-2019, to inform programmes seeking to build Africa’s health research expertise. Methods: Quantitative data were abstracted from programme annual reports. Qualitative data were obtained in 03-04/2019: a cross-sectional evaluation was undertaken among a purposefully selected representative sample of 27 trainees and two programme staff. Qualitative data was analysed according to pre-determined themes of achievements, challenges, lessons learned and recommendations for improvement. Results: By 12-2019, MUII had supported 68 fellowships at master’s-level and above (50% female: 23 Masters, 27 PhD, 15 post-doctoral, three group-leaders) and over 1,000 internships. Fellows reported career advancement, mentorship by experts, and improved research skills and outputs. Fellows have published over 300 papers, secured grants worth over £20m, established over 40 international collaborations, and taken on research and academic leadership positions in the country. Key lessons were: i) Efficient administration provides a conducive environment for high quality research; ii) Institutions need supportive policies for procurement, including provisions for purchases of specific biological research reagents from international manufacturers; iii) Strong international and multi-disciplinary collaboration provides a critical mass of expertise to mentor researchers in development; and iv) Mentorship catalyses young scientists to progress from graduate trainees to productive academic researchers, relevant to society’s most pressing health challenges. Conclusions: Sustainable academic productivity can be achieved through efficient operational support, global collaboration and mentorship to provide solutions to Africa’s health challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damalie Nakanjako
- Makerere University-Uganda Virus Research Institute Infection and Immunity (MUII), Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Flavia Zalwango
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit,, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Pamela Wairagala
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit,, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Fiona Luboga
- Makerere University-Uganda Virus Research Institute Infection and Immunity (MUII), Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Irene Andia Biraro
- Makerere University-Uganda Virus Research Institute Infection and Immunity (MUII), Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Victoria Diana Bukirwa
- Makerere University-Uganda Virus Research Institute Infection and Immunity (MUII), Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Mary Gorrethy Mboowa
- Makerere University-Uganda Virus Research Institute Infection and Immunity (MUII), Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Steve Cose
- Makerere University-Uganda Virus Research Institute Infection and Immunity (MUII), Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.,Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit,, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Janet Seeley
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit,, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.,Global Health and Development Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alison Elliott
- Makerere University-Uganda Virus Research Institute Infection and Immunity (MUII), Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda.,Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit,, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Andia Biraro I, Driciru E, Namaganda R, Luboga F, Kato Drago C, Wajja A, Okech B, Mboowa MGN, Muganyizi R, Kizza M, Cose S, Bukirwa VD, Nakanjako D, Elliott AM. Analysis of the MUII-plus mentorship programme: reflections of Fellows’ experiences and lessons for other programmes. AAS Open Res 2020. [DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.13091.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The MUII mentorship programme began 11 years ago with a successful group mentorship model. Over the years, the programme has evolved and is presently anchored on the “GROW” approach. This model allows individuals to: set Goals (What I want?); Reflect (Where am I now?); think of Options (What can I do?); What to implement (my actions?). It is intended to help fellows (current, honorary, alumni) herein referred to as mentees achieve their short, medium, and long-term research, career and professional goals. Methods: A mixed methods study combining a cross-sectional survey, one focus group discussion and 11 in-depth key informant interviews were carried out between November 2018 and January 2019 to 1) assess the status of the mentorship programme, 2) perform a strength weakness opportunity and threats (SWOT) analysis, and 3) identify factors relevant for sustainability. Results: An open invitation was made to 52 fellows to participate in the survey, and 23 responded. Among respondents, the largest proportions were male [70% (16/23)], and PhD fellows [35% (8/23)]. The respondents rated the fellowship experience as excellent [65% (15/23)], and most [78% (18/23)] revealed they had benefitted greatly from the programme. The SWOT analysis revealed outstanding strengths of having regular fellows’ meetings for peer support, and availability of international collaborations, linkages and exposure. Opportunities identified included large pool of mentees within MUII-plus and evidence of fellows taking up leadership positions. The biggest threat to the mentorship programme was the busy schedule of mentors. Conclusions: The MUII-plus mentorship programme has strong potential to offer research and career mentorship to its fellows. To promote sustainability of the programme, there is a need for innovative ways to engage mentors; such as digital platforms (e-mentorship) for greater mentor-mentee interactions.
Collapse
|
12
|
Nakanjako D, Zalwango F, Wairagala P, Luboga F, Andia Biraro I, Bukirwa VD, Mboowa MG, Cose S, Seeley J, Elliott A. Career development for infection and immunity research in Uganda: a decade of experience from the Makerere University – Uganda Virus Research Institute research and training programme. AAS Open Res 2020; 3:26. [DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.13066.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Makerere University/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) Centre of Excellence for Infection & Immunity Research and Training (MUII) is a collaborative programme supporting excellence in Infection and Immunity (I&I) research in Uganda. Set up in 2008, MUII aims to produce internationally competitive Ugandan and East African I&I research leaders, and develop human and infrastructural resources to support research and training excellence. We undertook an internal evaluation of MUII’s achievements, challenges and lessons learned between August 2008 and December 2019, to inform programmes seeking to build Africa’s health research expertise. Methods: Quantitative data were abstracted from programme annual reports. Qualitative data were obtained in March and April 2019: a cross-sectional evaluation was undertaken among a purposefully selected representative sample of 27 trainees and two programme staff. Qualitative data was analysed according to pre-determined themes of achievements, challenges, lessons learned and recommendations for improvement. Results: By December 2019, MUII had supported 68 fellowships at master’s-level and above (50% female: 23 Masters, 27 PhD, 15 post-doctoral, three group-leader fellows) and over 1,000 internships. Fellows reported career advancement, mentorship by experts, and improved research skills and outputs. Fellows have published over 300 papers, secured grants worth over £20m, established over 40 international collaborations, and taken on research and academic leadership positions in the country. Key lessons for success include the following: efficient administration provides an enabling environment; institutions need supportive policies for procurement, including provisions for purchases of specific biological research reagents from international manufacturers; strong international, multi-disciplinary collaboration provides a critical mass of expertise to mentor researchers in development; and mentorship catalyses young scientists to progress from graduate trainees to productive academic researchers, relevant to society’s most pressing health challenges. Conclusions: Sustainable academic productivity can be achieved through efficient operational support, global collaboration and mentorship to provide solutions to Africa’s health challenges.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chia EWY, Tay KT, Xiao S, Teo YH, Ong YT, Chiam M, Toh YP, Mason S, Chin AMC, Krishna LKR. The Pivotal Role of Host Organizations in Enhancing Mentoring in Internal Medicine: A Scoping Review. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2020; 7:2382120520956647. [PMID: 33062895 PMCID: PMC7536487 DOI: 10.1177/2382120520956647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In undergraduate and postgraduate medical education, mentoring offers personalized training and plays a key role in continuing medical education and the professional development of healthcare professionals. However, poor structuring of the mentoring process has been attributed to failings of the host organization and, as such, we have conducted a scoping review on the role of the host organization in mentoring programs. Guided by Levac et al's methodological framework and a combination of thematic and content analysis, this scoping review identifies their "defining" and secondary roles. Whilst the "defining" role of the host is to set standards, nurture, and oversee the mentoring processes and relationships, the secondary roles comprise of supporting patient care and specific responsibilities toward the mentee, mentor, program, and organization itself. Critically, striking a balance between structure and flexibility within the program is important to ensure consistency in the mentoring approach whilst accounting for the changing needs and goals of the mentees and mentors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisha Wan Ying Chia
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,
National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative
Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuang Teck Tay
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,
National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative
Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiwei Xiao
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,
National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative
Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yao Hao Teo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,
National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative
Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Ting Ong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,
National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative
Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Min Chiam
- Division of Cancer Education, National
Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Pin Toh
- Department of Family Medicine, Yong Loo
Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Star PALS, HCA Hospice Care,
Singapore
| | - Stephen Mason
- Palliative Care Institute Liverpool,
Academic Palliative & End of Life Care Centre, University of Liverpool,
Liverpool, UK
| | - Annelissa Mien Chew Chin
- Medical Library, National University of
Singapore Libraries, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,
National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative
Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National
Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Palliative Care Institute Liverpool,
Academic Palliative & End of Life Care Centre, University of Liverpool,
Liverpool, UK
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National
University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School,
Singapore
- PalC, The Palliative Care Centre for
Excellence in Research and Education, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|