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Guy-Haim T, Kolodny O, Frumkin A, Achituv Y, Velasquez X, Morov AR. Shedding light on the Ophel biome: the trans-Tethyan phylogeography of the sulfide shrimp Tethysbaena (Peracarida: Thermosbaenacea) in the Levant. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16690. [PMID: 38144178 PMCID: PMC10748474 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tethysbaena are small peracarid crustaceans inhabiting extreme environments such as subterranean lakes and thermal springs, represented by endemic species found around the ancient Tethys, including the Mediterranean, Arabian Sea, Mid-East Atlantic, and the Caribbean Sea. Two Tethysbaena species are known from the Levant: T. relicta, found along the Dead Sea-Jordan Rift Valley, and T. ophelicola, found in the Ayyalon cave complex in the Israeli coastal plain, both belonging to the same species-group based on morphological cladistics. Along the biospeleological research of the Levantine subterranean fauna, three biogeographic hypotheses determining their origins were proposed: (1) Pliocenic transgression, (2) Mid-late Miocenic transgression, and (3) The Ophel Paradigm, according to which these are inhabitants of a chemosynthetic biome as old as the Cambrian. Methods Tethysbaena specimens of the two Levantine species were collected from subterranean groundwaters. We used the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and the nuclear ribosomal 28S (28S rRNA) gene to establish the phylogeny of the Levantine Tethysbaena species, and applied a molecular clock approach for inferring their divergence times. Results Contrary to the morphological cladistic-based classification, we found that T. relicta shares an ancestor with Tethysbaena species from Oman and the Dominican Republic, whereas the circum-Mediterranean species (including T. ophelicola) share another ancestor. The mean age of the node linking T. relicta from the Dead Sea-Jordan Rift Valley and Tethysbaena from Oman was 20.13 MYA. The mean estimate for the divergence of T. ophelicola from the Mediterranean Tethysbaena clade dated to 9.46 MYA. Conclusions Our results indicate a two-stage colonization of Tethysbaena in the Levant: a late Oligocene transgression, through a marine gulf extending from the Arabian Sea, leading to the colonization of T. relicta in the Dead Sea-Jordan Rift Valley, whereas T. ophelicola, originating from the Mesogean ancestor, inhabited anchialine caves in the coastal plain of Israel during the Mid-Miocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Guy-Haim
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Oren Kolodny
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Institute for Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amos Frumkin
- Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yair Achituv
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ximena Velasquez
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arseniy R. Morov
- National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa, Israel
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Grams M, Klinger M, Richter S. Neither leg nor jaw—nor always the same: a critical revision of the eumalacostracan maxilliped. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Within Malacostraca, legs are diversified variously throughout the groups. Most conspicuous is the transformation of anterior thoracopods, especially the first, into maxillipeds involved in feeding. However, the concept of a maxilliped is not precise, because it relates to a vague combination of morphological and functional deviation from a locomotory limb. Although general homology of the first thoracopod (maxilliped or not) is beyond doubt, special homology (synapomorphy) of the anteriormost maxillipeds remains uncertain. For better insights, we studied the musculature and exoskeletal structures of the first thoracopods in Anaspidacea, Euphausiacea, Lophogastrida, Mysida and Stygiomysida, using three-dimesional reconstruction of laser scanning microscopy and micro-computed tomography data. Our analysis shows high muscular and skeletal complexity of the first thoracopods. We herein reject the term ‘maxilliped’ for Anaspidacea and Euphausiacea, because their first thoracopods differ little from the posterior limbs, although specific correspondences between these taxa might represent synapomorphies. The ‘mysidacean maxilliped’ is morphologically well derived from the posterior thoracopods and appears synapomorphic for the mysidacean subtaxa. A comparison with other Peracarida additionally shows correspondences indicating a homologous ‘peracaridan maxilliped’. In contrast, we consider the peracaridan maxilliped not to be homologous to the decapodan maxilliped. As a distinction, we propose the term ‘unguiped’ for the peracaridan first thoracopod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Grams
- Allgemeine & Spezielle Zoologie, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universität Rostock , Rostock , Germany
| | - Michael Klinger
- Allgemeine & Spezielle Zoologie, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universität Rostock , Rostock , Germany
| | - Stefan Richter
- Allgemeine & Spezielle Zoologie, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universität Rostock , Rostock , Germany
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Höpel CG, Yeo D, Grams M, Meier R, Richter S. Mitogenomics supports the monophyly of Mysidacea and Peracarida (Malacostraca). ZOOL SCR 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph G. Höpel
- Allgemeine & Spezielle Zoologie, Institut für Biowissenschaften Universität Rostock Rostock Germany
| | - Darren Yeo
- Centre for Wildlife Forensics Animal and Plant Health Centre, National Parks Board Singapore Singapore
| | - Markus Grams
- Allgemeine & Spezielle Zoologie, Institut für Biowissenschaften Universität Rostock Rostock Germany
| | - Rudolf Meier
- Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz‐Institut für Evolutions‐ und Biodiversitätsforschung Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan Richter
- Allgemeine & Spezielle Zoologie, Institut für Biowissenschaften Universität Rostock Rostock Germany
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Gerken S, Meland K, Glenner H. First multigene phylogeny of Cumacea (crustacea: Peracarida). ZOOL SCR 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gerken
- Biological Sciences University of Alaska Anchorage Anchorage Alaska USA
| | - Kenneth Meland
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Henrik Glenner
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Globe Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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Nakano H, Jimi N, Sasaki T, Kajihara H. Sinking Down or Floating Up? Current State of Taxonomic Studies on Marine Invertebrates in Japan Inferred from the Number of New Species Published between the Years 2003 and 2020. Zoolog Sci 2021; 39:7-15. [DOI: 10.2108/zs210076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Nakano
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
| | - Naoto Jimi
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Nagoya University, 429-63 Sugashima, Toba, Mie 517-0004, Japan
| | - Takenori Sasaki
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kajihara
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku N10E8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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Foorthuis R. On the nature and types of anomalies: a review of deviations in data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DATA SCIENCE AND ANALYTICS 2021; 12:297-331. [PMID: 34368422 PMCID: PMC8331998 DOI: 10.1007/s41060-021-00265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anomalies are occurrences in a dataset that are in some way unusual and do not fit the general patterns. The concept of the anomaly is typically ill defined and perceived as vague and domain-dependent. Moreover, despite some 250 years of publications on the topic, no comprehensive and concrete overviews of the different types of anomalies have hitherto been published. By means of an extensive literature review this study therefore offers the first theoretically principled and domain-independent typology of data anomalies and presents a full overview of anomaly types and subtypes. To concretely define the concept of the anomaly and its different manifestations, the typology employs five dimensions: data type, cardinality of relationship, anomaly level, data structure, and data distribution. These fundamental and data-centric dimensions naturally yield 3 broad groups, 9 basic types, and 63 subtypes of anomalies. The typology facilitates the evaluation of the functional capabilities of anomaly detection algorithms, contributes to explainable data science, and provides insights into relevant topics such as local versus global anomalies.
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Esquete P, Aldea C. Benthic Peracarids (Crustacea) from an unexplored area of Patagonian channels and Fjords. Biodivers Data J 2020; 8:e58013. [PMID: 33061780 PMCID: PMC7536244 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.8.e58013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The intricate geomorphology of the coastline in the Chilean Channels and Fjords region, together with the freshwater inputs from the ice fields provide the area with very unique ecological characteristics and a variety of habitats that favour great marine biodiversity. However, although Chilean Patagonia has been the focus of several expeditions and ecological surveys, the greatest emphasis has been either on the populated coasts of the Beagle Channel and the Straits of Magellan to the south or the area to the north of Golfo de Penas, leaving vast areas that remain largely unexplored. This leads to a latitudinal gap in the faunistic information and hinders zoogeographic studies to assess biogeographical connections along the eastern coasts of the Pacific. Peracarida is a taxonomic group that provides an excellent model for such studies because of their high abundance and biodiversity, benthic habits, small size and limited dispersal capacity. New information A dataset providing the first and only records of the benthic Peracarida between the latitudes 48-51.5°S of the Pacific coast of Chile is presented here, hence closing a geospatial gap for the study of the biogeographical connections of the Peracarida along the Eastern Pacific coast. The dataset comprises a total of 141 georeferenced records of 60 sublittoral species of Tanaidacea, Isopoda and Amphipoda. This and other studies reveal that the coastal fauna of the region follow a latitudinal distribution pattern at a larger scale and nested assemblages inside the channels and fjords that can be regarded as a consequence of the more restrictive conditions in the inner parts. In the present scenario of global warming that is expected to affect particularly polar and subpolar regions, the present dataset serves as a reference for the distribution patterns of benthic organisms with low dispersal capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Esquete
- CESAM & Departamento de Biologia. Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal CESAM & Departamento de Biologia. Universidade de Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - Cristian Aldea
- GAIA Antarctic Research Center (CIGA) and Department of Science and Natural Resources. Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile GAIA Antarctic Research Center (CIGA) and Department of Science and Natural Resources. Universidad de Magallanes Punta Arenas Chile
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Ashford OS, Kenny AJ, Barrio Froján CRS, Horton T, Rogers AD. Investigating the environmental drivers of deep-seafloor biodiversity: A case study of peracarid crustacean assemblages in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:14167-14204. [PMID: 31938511 PMCID: PMC6953587 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep-sea benthos covers over 90% of seafloor area and hosts a great diversity of species which contribute toward essential ecosystem services. Evidence suggests that deep-seafloor assemblages are structured predominantly by their physical environment, yet knowledge of assemblage/environment relationships is limited. Here, we utilized a very large dataset of Northwest Atlantic Ocean continental slope peracarid crustacean assemblages as a case study to investigate the environmental drivers of deep-seafloor macrofaunal biodiversity. We investigated biodiversity from a phylogenetic, functional, and taxonomic perspective, and found that a wide variety of environmental drivers, including food availability, physical disturbance (bottom trawling), current speed, sediment characteristics, topographic heterogeneity, and temperature (in order of relative importance), significantly influenced peracarid biodiversity. We also found deep-water peracarid assemblages to vary seasonally and interannually. Contrary to prevailing theory on the drivers of deep-seafloor diversity, we found high topographic heterogeneity (at the hundreds to thousands of meter scale) to negatively influence assemblage diversity, while broadscale sediment characteristics (i.e., percent sand content) were found to influence assemblages more than sediment particle-size diversity. However, our results support other paradigms of deep-seafloor biodiversity, including that assemblages may vary inter- and intra-annually, and how assemblages respond to changes in current speed. We found that bottom trawling negatively affects the evenness and diversity of deep-sea soft-sediment peracarid assemblages, but that predicted changes in ocean temperature as a result of climate change may not strongly influence continental slope biodiversity over human timescales, although it may alter deep-sea community biomass. Finally, we emphasize the value of analyzing multiple metrics of biodiversity and call for researchers to consider an expanded definition of biodiversity in future investigations of deep-ocean life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver S. Ashford
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas)LowestoftUK
- Present address:
Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Andrew J. Kenny
- Centre for the Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas)LowestoftUK
| | | | - Tammy Horton
- National Oceanography CentreUniversity of Southampton Waterfront CampusSouthamptonUK
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Vereshchaka AL, Kulagin DN, Lunina AA. A phylogenetic study of krill (Crustacea: Euphausiacea) reveals new taxa and co-evolution of morphological characters. Cladistics 2019; 35:150-172. [PMID: 34622976 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The first comprehensive phylogenetic study of Euphausiacea (all 86 valid species) is presented. It is based on four molecular markers and 168 morphological characters (including 58 characters of the petasma). Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly and robustness of the families Bentheuphausidae and Euphausiidae and reveal three major clades for which we erect three new subfamilies: Thysanopodinae, Euphausiinae and Nematoscelinae. All genus-level clades are statistically supported (except Thysanopoda in molecular analyses), deeply nested within the subfamily-level clades, and encompass 14 new species groups. Copulatory structures have a major impact on tree topology in the morphological analysis, the removal of which resulted in only half the number of supported clades and genera. We revealed three groups of morphological characters, which are probably coupled with the same biological role and thus interlinked evolutionarily: (i) antennular peduncle and petasma (copulation); (ii) eyes and anterior thoracopods (feeding); and (iii) shape of carapace and pleon (defence). We analysed the evolutionary pathways of the clades into main oceanic biotopes and compared them with morphological adaptations most likely to be coupled with this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Vereshchaka
- Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimov Prospekt 36, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Dmitry N Kulagin
- Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimov Prospekt 36, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Lunina
- Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimov Prospekt 36, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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10
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Schwentner M, Richter S, Rogers DC, Giribet G. Tetraconatan phylogeny with special focus on Malacostraca and Branchiopoda: highlighting the strength of taxon-specific matrices in phylogenomics. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:20181524. [PMID: 30135168 PMCID: PMC6125901 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the evolution of Tetraconata or Pancrustacea-the clade that includes crustaceans and insects-requires a well-resolved hypothesis regarding the relationships within and among its constituent taxa. Here, we assembled a taxon-rich phylogenomic dataset focusing on crustacean lineages based solely on genomes and new-generation Illumina-generated transcriptomes, including 89 representatives of Tetraconata. This constitutes, to our knowledge, the first phylogenomic study specifically addressing internal relationships of Malacostraca (with 26 species included) and Branchiopoda (36 species). Seven matrices comprising 81-684 orthogroups and 17 690-242 530 amino acid positions were assembled and analysed under five different analytical approaches. To maximize gene occupancy and to improve resolution, taxon-specific matrices were designed for Malacostraca and Branchiopoda. Key tetraconatan taxa (i.e. Oligostraca, Multicrustacea, Branchiopoda, Malacostraca, Thecostraca, Copepoda and Hexapoda) were monophyletic and well supported. Within Branchiopoda, Phyllopoda, Diplostraca, Cladoceromorpha and Cladocera were monophyletic. Within Malacostraca, the clades Eumalacostraca, Decapoda and Reptantia were well supported. Recovery of Caridoida or Peracarida was highly dependent on the analysis for the complete matrix, but it was consistently monophyletic in the malacostracan-specific matrices. From such examples, we demonstrate that taxon-specific matrices and particular evolutionary models and analytical methods, namely CAT-GTR and Dayhoff recoding, outperform other approaches in resolving certain recalcitrant nodes in phylogenomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schwentner
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Centrum of Natural History, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Richter
- Allgemeine und Spezielle Zoologie, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 2, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - D Christopher Rogers
- Kansas Biological Survey, Kansas University, Higuchi Hall, 2101 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Gonzalo Giribet
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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11
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Boyko CB, Williams JD. Methods of detection, collection and preservation of parasitic isopods (Isopoda: Epicaridea). P BIOL SOC WASH 2016. [DOI: 10.2988/0006-324x-129.q2.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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12
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Martin A, Serano JM, Jarvis E, Bruce HS, Wang J, Ray S, Barker CA, O'Connell LC, Patel NH. CRISPR/Cas9 Mutagenesis Reveals Versatile Roles of Hox Genes in Crustacean Limb Specification and Evolution. Curr Biol 2015; 26:14-26. [PMID: 26687626 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Crustaceans possess a diverse array of specialized limbs. Although shifts in Hox gene expression domains have been postulated to play a role in generating this limb diversity, little functional data have been provided to understand the precise roles of Hox genes during crustacean development. We used a combination of CRISPR/Cas9-targeted mutagenesis and RNAi knockdown to decipher the function of the six Hox genes expressed in the developing mouth and trunk of the amphipod Parhyale hawaiensis. These experimentally manipulated animals display specific and striking homeotic transformations. We found that abdominal-A (abd-A) and Abdominal-B (Abd-B) are required for proper posterior patterning, with knockout of Abd-B resulting in an animal with thoracic type legs along what would have been an abdomen, and abd-A disruption generating a simplified body plan characterized by a loss of specialization in both abdominal and thoracic appendages. In the thorax, Ubx is necessary for gill development and for repression of gnathal fate, and Antp dictates claw morphology. In the mouth, Scr and Antp confer the part-gnathal, part-thoracic hybrid identity of the maxilliped, and Scr and Dfd prevent antennal identity in posterior head segments. Our results allow us to define the role Hox genes play in specifying each appendage type in Parhyale, including the modular nature by which some appendages are patterned by Hox gene inputs. In addition, we define how changes in Hox gene expression have generated morphological differences between crustacean species. Finally, we also highlight the utility of CRISPR/Cas9-based somatic mutagenesis in emerging model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Martin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 USA
| | - Julia M Serano
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 USA
| | - Erin Jarvis
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140 USA
| | - Heather S Bruce
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 USA
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140 USA
| | - Shagnik Ray
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 USA
| | - Carryn A Barker
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 USA
| | - Liam C O'Connell
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140 USA
| | - Nipam H Patel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 USA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140 USA.
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Meland K, Mees J, Porter M, Wittmann KJ. Taxonomic review of the orders Mysida and Stygiomysida (crustacea, peracarida). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124656. [PMID: 25927358 PMCID: PMC4415813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The order Mysida (2 families, 178 genera, 1132 species) contains species across a broad range of habitats, such as subterranean, fresh, brackish, coastal, and surface to deep-sea habitats. The Stygiomysida (2 families, 2 genera, 16 species), however, are found primarily in subterranean waters, but always in waters with a marine influence. The Mysida and Stygiomysida body is divided into three main regions: cephalon, thorax, and abdomen. They are shrimp-like in appearance, containing morphological features earlier referred to as defining a "caridoid facies". The shrimp-like morphology was to some extent diagnostic for the historic Decapod taxon Schizopoda, containing the Nebalia, Mysida, Lophogastrida, and Euphausiacea. In 1904 the concept of Schizopoda was abandoned, and the Mysidacea (Mysida and Lophogastrida) along with Cumacea, Amphipoda, Isopoda, and Tanaidacea were placed in a new taxon, the Peracarida. Later discoveries of groundwater mysids led to the establishment of Stygiomysida, but placement to either Lophogastrida or Mysida remained unclear. The presence of oostegites and absence of podobranchiae, coupled with non-statocyst bearing uropods have been used to classify the Stygiomysida as a primitive Mysida family, comparable to Petalophthalmidae. On the other hand, equally suggestive characters, but for a Lophogastrida affiliation, was suggested for the archaic foregut characters and again, non-statocyst bearing uropods. With the inclusion of DNA sequence data of ribosomal genes, sister group relationships between Stygiomysida, Lophogastrida, and Mictacea within the Peracarida are observed, which supports a classification of the Stygiomysida as a separate order removed from the Mysida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Meland
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Mees
- Flanders Marine Institute and Ghent University, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Megan Porter
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Karl J. Wittmann
- Medizinische Universität Wien, Institut für Umwelthygiene, Abteilung Ökotoxikologie, Vienna, Austria
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Jirikowski GJ, Wolff C, Richter S. Evolution of eumalacostracan development-new insights into loss and reacquisition of larval stages revealed by heterochrony analysis. EvoDevo 2015; 6:4. [PMID: 25973168 PMCID: PMC4429915 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9139-6-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within Malacostraca (Crustacea), direct development and development through diverse forms of larvae are found. Recent investigations suggest that larva-related developmental features have undergone heterochronic evolution in Malacostraca. In the light of current phylogenetic hypotheses, the free-swimming nauplius larva was lost in the lineage leading to Malacostraca and evolved convergently in the malacostracan groups Dendrobranchiata and Euphausiacea. Here we reconstruct the evolutionary history of eumalacostracan (Malacostraca without Phyllocarida) development with regard to early appendage morphogenesis, muscle and central nervous system development, and determine the heterochronic transformations involved in changes of ontogenetic mode. RESULTS Timing of 33 developmental events from the different tissues was analyzed for six eumalacostracan species (material for Euphausiacea was not available) and one outgroup, using a modified version of Parsimov-based genetic inference (PGi). Our results confirm previous suggestions that the event sequence of nauplius larva development is partly retained in embryogenesis of those species which do not develop such a larva. The ontogenetic mode involving a nauplius larva was likely replaced by direct development in the malacostracan stem lineage. Secondary evolution of the nauplius larva of Dendrobranchiata from this ancestral condition, involved only a very small number of heterochronies, despite the drastic change of life history. In the lineage leading to Peracarida, timing patterns of nauplius-related development were lost. Throughout eumalacostracan evolution, events related to epidermal and neural tissue development were clearly less affected by heterochrony than events related to muscle development. CONCLUSIONS Weak integration between mesodermal and ectodermal development may have allowed timing in muscle formation to be altered independently of ectodermal development. We conclude that heterochrony in muscle development played a crucial role in evolutionary loss and secondary evolution of a nauplius larva in Malacostraca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Joseph Jirikowski
- />Institut für Biowissenschaften, Allgemeine und Spezielle Zoologie, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 2, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Carsten Wolff
- />Institut für Biologie, Vergleichende Zoologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, Haus 2, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Richter
- />Institut für Biowissenschaften, Allgemeine und Spezielle Zoologie, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 2, 18055 Rostock, Germany
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Pavesi L, Wildish DJ, Gasson P, Lowe M, Ketmaier V. Further morphological and molecular studies of driftwood hoppers (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) from Mediterranean/north-east Atlantic coastlines. J NAT HIST 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.974708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Jirikowski GJ, Richter S, Wolff C. Myogenesis of Malacostraca - the "egg-nauplius" concept revisited. Front Zool 2013; 10:76. [PMID: 24325906 PMCID: PMC3903077 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-10-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malacostracan evolutionary history has seen multiple transformations of ontogenetic mode. For example direct development in connection with extensive brood care and development involving planktotrophic nauplius larvae, as well as intermediate forms are found throughout this taxon. This makes the Malacostraca a promising group for study of evolutionary morphological diversification and the role of heterochrony therein. One candidate heterochronic phenomenon is represented by the concept of the 'egg-nauplius', in which the nauplius larva, considered plesiomorphic to all Crustacea, is recapitulated as an embryonic stage. RESULTS Here we present a comparative investigation of embryonic muscle differentiation in four representatives of Malacostraca: Gonodactylaceus falcatus (Stomatopoda), Neocaridina heteropoda (Decapoda), Neomysis integer (Mysida) and Parhyale hawaiensis (Amphipoda). We describe the patterns of muscle precursors in different embryonic stages to reconstruct the sequence of muscle development, until hatching of the larva or juvenile. Comparison of the developmental sequences between species reveals extensive heterochronic and heteromorphic variation. Clear anticipation of muscle differentiation in the nauplius segments, but also early formation of longitudinal trunk musculature independently of the teloblastic proliferation zone, are found to be characteristic to stomatopods and decapods, all of which share an egg-nauplius stage. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a strong indication that the concept of nauplius recapitulation in Malacostraca is incomplete, because sequences of muscle tissue differentiation deviate from the chronological patterns observed in the ectoderm, on which the egg-nauplius is based. However, comparison of myogenic sequences between taxa supports the hypothesis of a zoea-like larva that was present in the last common ancestor of Eumalacostraca (Malacostraca without Leptostraca). We argue that much of the developmental sequences of larva muscle patterning were retained in the eumalacostracan lineage despite the reduction of free swimming nauplius larvae, but was severely reduced in the peracaridean clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Joseph Jirikowski
- Universität Rostock, Allgemeine & Spezielle Zoologie, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universitaetsplatz 2, Rostock 18055, Germany
| | - Stefan Richter
- Universität Rostock, Allgemeine & Spezielle Zoologie, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universitaetsplatz 2, Rostock 18055, Germany
| | - Carsten Wolff
- AG Vergleichende Zoologie, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13 Haus 2, Berlin 10115, Germany
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Olsen BR, Troedsson C, Hadziavdic K, Pedersen RB, Rapp HT. A molecular gut content study ofThemisto abyssorum(Amphipoda) from Arctic hydrothermal vent and cold seep systems. Mol Ecol 2013; 23:3877-89. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernt Rydland Olsen
- Centre for Geobiology; University of Bergen; N-5020 Bergen Norway
- Department of Biology; University of Bergen; N-5020 Bergen Norway
| | | | - Kenan Hadziavdic
- Department of Biology; University of Bergen; N-5020 Bergen Norway
- Uni Environment; Uni Research AS; N-5020 Bergen Norway
| | - Rolf B. Pedersen
- Centre for Geobiology; University of Bergen; N-5020 Bergen Norway
- Department of Earth Science; University of Bergen; N-5020 Bergen Norway
| | - Hans Tore Rapp
- Centre for Geobiology; University of Bergen; N-5020 Bergen Norway
- Department of Biology; University of Bergen; N-5020 Bergen Norway
- Uni Environment; Uni Research AS; N-5020 Bergen Norway
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18
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Comparative morphology of the external male genitalia in Lophogastrida, Stygiomysida, and Mysida (Crustacea, Eumalacostraca). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-013-0198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Best RJ, Stachowicz JJ. Phylogeny as a proxy for ecology in seagrass amphipods: which traits are most conserved? PLoS One 2013; 8:e57550. [PMID: 23505433 PMCID: PMC3591422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, studies of community assembly and ecosystem function combine trait data and phylogenetic relationships to gain novel insight into the ecological and evolutionary constraints on community dynamics. However, the key to interpreting these two types of information is an understanding of the extent to which traits are phylogenetically conserved. In this study, we develop the necessary framework for community phylogenetics approaches in a system of marine crustacean herbivores that play an important role in the ecosystem functioning of seagrass systems worldwide. For 16 species of amphipods and isopods, we (1) reconstructed phylogenetic relationships using COI, 16S, and 18S sequences and Bayesian analyses, (2) measured traits that are potentially important for assembling species between and within habitats, and (3) compared the degree to which each of these traits are evolutionarily conserved. Despite poor phylogenetic resolution for the order Amphipoda as a whole, we resolved almost all of the topology for the species in our system, and used a sampling of ultrametric trees from the posterior distribution to account for remaining uncertainty in topology and branch lengths. We found that traits varied widely in their degree of phylogenetic signal. Body mass, fecundity, and tube building showed very strong phylogenetic signal, and temperature tolerance and feeding traits showed much less. As such, the degree of signal was not predictable based on whether the trait is related to environmental filtering or to resource partitioning. Further, we found that even with strong phylogenetic signal in body size, (which may have large impacts on ecosystem function), the predictive relationship between phylogenetic diversity and ecosystem function is not straightforward. We show that patterns of phylogenetic diversity in communities of seagrass mesograzers could lead to a variety of interpretations and predictions, and that detailed study of trait similarities and differences will be necessary to interpret these patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Best
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America.
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20
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Blazewicz-Paszkowycz M, Bamber R, Anderson G. Diversity of Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) in the world's oceans--how far have we come? PLoS One 2012; 7:e33068. [PMID: 22496741 PMCID: PMC3319556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanaidaceans are small peracarid crustaceans which occur in all marine habitats, over the full range of depths, and rarely into fresh waters. Yet they have no obligate dispersive phase in their life-cycle. Populations are thus inevitably isolated, and allopatric speciation and high regional diversity are inevitable; cosmopolitan distributions are considered to be unlikely or non-existent. Options for passive dispersion are discussed. Tanaidaceans appear to have first evolved in shallow waters, the region of greatest diversification of the Apseudomorpha and some tanaidomorph families, while in deeper waters the apseudomorphs have subsequently evolved two or three distinct phyletic lines. The Neotanaidomorpha has evolved separately and diversified globally in deep waters, and the Tanaidomorpha has undergone the greatest evolution, diversification and adaptation, to the point where some of the deep-water taxa are recolonizing shallow waters. Analysis of their geographic distribution shows some level of regional isolation, but suffers from inclusion of polyphyletic taxa and a general lack of data, particularly for deep waters. It is concluded that the diversity of the tanaidomorphs in deeper waters and in certain ocean regions remains to be discovered; that the smaller taxa are largely understudied; and that numerous cryptic species remain to be distinguished. Thus the number of species currently recognized is likely to be an order of magnitude too low, and globally the Tanaidacea potentially rival the Amphipoda and Isopoda in diversity.
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21
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Kakui K, Katoh T, Hiruta SF, Kobayashi N, Kajihara H. Molecular Systematics of Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) Based on 18S Sequence Data, with an Amendment of Suborder/Superfamily-Level Classification. Zoolog Sci 2011; 28:749-57. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.28.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Huckstorf K, Wirkner CS. Comparative morphology of the hemolymph vascular system in krill (Euphausiacea; Crustacea). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2011; 40:39-53. [PMID: 20678584 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The phylogenetic position of Euphausiacea within Malacostraca is still under debate. Either they are seen as sister group to a taxon comprising Pancarida and Peracarida or closer related to Decapoda. Both hypotheses can be supported by characters of the circulatory system. Therefore, a comparative re-evaluation of the circulatory system seems to be feasible. Here we present the first three-dimensional data of the circulatory system of three euphausiacean species based on semi-thin sections and micro computer tomography in combination with corrosion casting. We were also able to study for the first time representatives of Bentheuphausia amblyops, the suggested sister taxon to all other euphausiaceans. The main pumping structure in the open circulatory system of Euphausiacea is the globular heart in the rear thoracic segments. From the anterior and posterior end of the heart two unpaired and four pairs of arteries emanate. The unpaired anterior aorta runs below the carapace from the anterior part of the heart into the anterior cephalothorax, where it supplies the first antennae, the brain and the eyes. The paired posterior aortae run into the pleon supplying the pleopods, uropods and the telson. The four pairs of cardiac arteries supply appendages in the cephalic region and viscera in the trunk. The unpaired descending artery connects to the subneural vessel supplying the thoracopods. A myoarterial formation of the anterior aorta is described in Bentheuphausia amblyops. The observed pattern of a globular heart situated in the posterior cephalothorax and comprising a meshwork of muscular strands (also running through its lumen) is highly likely to be homologous in Euphausiacea and Decapoda. The data are compared with the scarce literature present to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Huckstorf
- Allgemeine & Spezielle Zoologie, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 2, Rostock, Germany.
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23
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Fischer AHL, Pabst T, Scholtz G. Germ band differentiation in the stomatopod Gonodactylaceus falcatus and the origin of the stereotyped cell division pattern in Malacostraca (Crustacea). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2010; 39:411-422. [PMID: 20570636 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We analysed aspects of the embryonic development of the stomatopod crustacean Gonodactylaceus falcatus focusing on the cell division in the ectoderm of the germ band. As in many other malacostracan crustaceans, the growth zone in the caudal papilla is formed by 19 ectoteloblasts and 8 mesoteloblasts arranged in rings. These teloblasts give rise to the cellular material of the largest part of the post-naupliar germ band in a stereotyped cell division pattern. The regularly arranged cells of the genealogical units produced by the ectoteloblast divide twice in longitudinal direction. The intersegmental furrows form within the descendants of one genealogical unit in the ectoderm. Hence, embryos of G. falcatus share some features of the stereotyped cell division pattern with that in other malacostracan crustaceans, which is unique among arthropods. In contrast to the other malacostracan taxa studied so far, stomatopods show slightly oblique spindle direction and a tilted position of the cells within the genealogical units. The inclusion of data on Leptostraca suggests that aspects of stereotyped cell divisions in the germ band must be assumed for the ground pattern of Malacostraca. Moreover, Stomatopoda and Leptostraca share the lateral displacement of cells during the mediolateral divisions of the ectodermal genealogical units in the post-naupliar germ band. The Caridoida within the Eumalacostraca apomorphically evolved the strict longitudinal orientation of spindle axes and cell positions, reaching the highest degree of regularity in the Peracarida. The phylogenetic analysis of the distribution of developmental characters is the prerequisite for the analysis of the evolution of developmental patterns and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje H L Fischer
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie/Vergleichende Zoologie, Philippstrasse 13, Berlin, Germany
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Liu Y, Cui Z. The complete mitochondrial genome of the mantid shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria (Crustacea: Malacostraca: Stomatopoda): Novel non-coding regions features and phylogenetic implications of the Stomatopoda. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2010; 5:190-8. [PMID: 20510661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of Oratosquilla oratoria (Crustacea: Malacostraca: Stomatopoda) was determined; a circular molecule of 15,783 bp in length. The gene content and arrangement are consistent with the pancrustacean ground pattern. The mt control region of O. oratoria is characterized by no GA-block near the 3' end and different position of [TA(A)]n-blocks compared with other reported Stomatopoda species. The sequence of the second hairpin structure is relative conserved which suggests this region may be a synapomorphic character for the Stomatopoda. In addition, a relative large intergenic spacer (101 bp) with higher A+T content than that in control region was identified between the tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Phe) genes. Phylogenetic analyses based on the current dataset of complete mt genomes strongly support the Stomatopoda is closely related to Euphausiacea. They in turn cluster with Penaeoidea and Caridea clades while other decapods form a separate group, which rejects the monophyly of Decapoda. This challenges the suitability of Stomatopoda as an outgroup of Decapoda in phylogenetic analyses. The basal position of Stomatopoda within Eumalacostraca according to the morphological characters is also questioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- EMBL, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
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25
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Wirkner CS, Richter S. Evolutionary morphology of the circulatory system in Peracarida (Malacostraca; Crustacea). Cladistics 2010; 26:143-167. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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26
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Koenemann S, Jenner RA, Hoenemann M, Stemme T, von Reumont BM. Arthropod phylogeny revisited, with a focus on crustacean relationships. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2010; 39:88-110. [PMID: 19854296 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Higher-level arthropod phylogenetics is an intensely active field of research, not least as a result of the hegemony of molecular data. However, not all areas of arthropod phylogenetics have so far received equal attention. The application of molecular data to infer a comprehensive phylogeny of Crustacea is still in its infancy, and several emerging results are conspicuously at odds with morphology-based studies. In this study, we present a series of molecular phylogenetic analyses of 88 arthropods, including 57 crustaceans, representing all the major lineages, with Onychophora and Tardigrada as outgroups. Our analyses are based on published and new sequences for two mitochondrial markers, 16S rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and the nuclear ribosomal gene 18S rDNA. We designed our phylogenetic analyses to assess the effects of different strategies of sequence alignment, alignment masking, nucleotide coding, and model settings. Our comparisons show that alignment optimization of ribosomal markers based on secondary structure information can have a radical impact on phylogenetic reconstruction. Trees based on optimized alignments recover monophyletic Arthropoda (excluding Onychophora), Pancrustacea, Malacostraca, Insecta, Myriapoda and Chelicerata, while Maxillopoda and Hexapoda emerge as paraphyletic groups. Our results are unable to resolve the highest-level relationships within Arthropoda, and none of our trees supports the monophyly of Myriochelata or Mandibulata. We discuss our results in the context of both the methodological variations between different analyses, and of recently proposed phylogenetic hypotheses. This article offers a preliminary attempt to incorporate the large diversity of crustaceans into a single molecular phylogenetic analysis, assessing the robustness of phylogenetic relationships under varying analysis parameters. It throws into sharp relief the relative strengths and shortcomings of the combined molecular data for assessing this challenging phylogenetic problem, and thereby provides useful pointers for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Koenemann
- Institute for Animal Ecology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17d, Hannover, Germany.
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Kilpert F, Podsiadlowski L. The Australian fresh water isopod (Phreatoicidea: Isopoda) allows insights into the early mitogenomic evolution of isopods. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2009; 5:36-44. [PMID: 20374940 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of the Australian fresh water isopod Eophreatoicus sp.-14 has been determined. The new species is a member of the taxon Phreatoicidea, a clade of particular interest, as it is often regarded as the sister group to all other Isopoda. Although the overall genome organization of Eophreatoicus sp.-14 conforms to the typical state of Metazoa--it is a circular ring of DNA hosting the usual 37 genes and one major non-coding region--it bears a number of derived characters that fall within the scope of "genome morphology". Earlier studies have indicated that the isopod mitochondrial gene order is not as conserved as that of other crustaceans. Indeed, the mt genome of Eophreatoicus sp.-14 shows an inversion of seven genes (including cox1), which is as far as we know unique. Even more interesting is the derived arrangement of nad1, trnL(CUN), rrnS, control region, cob, trnT, nad5 and trnF that is shared by nearly all available isopod mt genomes. A striking feature is the close proximity of the rearranged genes to the mt control region. Inferable gene translocation events are, however, more suitable to trace the evolution of mt genomes. Genes like nad1/trnL(CUN) and nad5/trnF, which retained their adjacent position after being rearranged, were most likely translocated together. A very good example for the need to understand the mechanisms of translocations is the remolding of trnL(UUR) to trnL(CUN). Both tRNA genes are adjacent and have a high sequence similarity, probably the result of a gene duplication and subsequent anticodon mutation. Modified secondary structures were found in three tRNAs of Eophreatoicus sp.-14, which are all characterized by the loss of the DHU-arm. This is common to crustaceans for tRNA Serine(AGY), while the arm-loss in tRNA Cysteine within Malacostraca is only shared by other isopods. Modification of the third tRNA, Isoleucine, is not known from any other related species. Nucleotide frequencies of genes have been found to be indirectly correlated to the orientation of the mitochondrial replication process. In Eophreatoicus sp.-14 and in other Isopoda the associated nucleotide bias is inversed to the state of other Malacostraca. This is a strong indication for an inversion of the control region that most likely evolved in the isopod ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kilpert
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Haupt C, Richter S. Limb articulation in caridoid crustaceans revisited - new evidence from Euphausiacea (Malacostraca). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2008; 37:221-233. [PMID: 18342265 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The propodial articulation of thoracopods in Malacostraca is revisited. Two major joints at the base of the limb, a thorax-coxa joint and a coxa-basis joint permit promotion-remotion and abduction-adduction, respectively. In representatives of Decapoda, Anaspidacea and Euphausiacea, the coxa forms proximally a dicondylic articulation with the thorax, permitting promotion-remotion, and distally another dicondylic joint with the basis, permitting abduction-adduction. In Lophogastrida and Mysida, the thorax-coxa hinge line is antero-posteriorly oriented, as is the coxa-basis hinge line. Promotion-remotion in Mysida and Lophogastrida is possible because of the presence of an intrabasal joint which is also present in Euphausiacea and Anaspidacea. In Mysida, Lophogastrida and Euphausiacea, the intrabasal joint is only present anteriorly, just distally of the anterior coxa-basis joint between a small, triangular proximal part of the basis and a larger distal part. In Anaspidacea, the intrabasal joint is also present posteriorly and permits abduction-adduction. Homology with the intrabasal joint of the other taxa seems doubtful. Limb articulation in Anaspidacea shows, nevertheless, correspondences with that in Euphausiacea, Lophogastrida and Mysida: the coxa is posteriorly invaginated and has an open ring-like structure very different from the solid coxa in decapods. Despite the high level of structural correspondence between the intrabasal joint in Euphausiacea and that in Lophogastrida and Mysida, their different functional roles make homology implausible. In Lophogastrida and Mysida the intrabasal joint is thought to replace the promotion-remotion movement of the thorax-coxa articulation, which in these taxa permits abduction-adduction only, probably in connection with the evolution of the marsupium. In Euphausiacea, the intrabasal joint might play a role in feeding mechanisms. Neither the feeding basket nor a marsupium can reasonably be suggested for any common ancestor of Euphausiacea and Mysidacea (or Peracarida).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Haupt
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstrasse 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Wirkner CS, Richter S. Morphology of the haemolymph vascular system in Tanaidacea and Cumacea: - implications for the relationships of "core group" Peracarida (Malacostraca; Crustacea). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2008; 37:141-54. [PMID: 18089134 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Revised: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Tanaidacea and Cumacea are crucial for understanding the phylogenetic relationships of "core group" peracarids. Here, the haemolymph vascular system in three tanaidacean and four cumacean species was studied on the basis of histological sections and 3D reconstruction. The circulatory organs in Tanaidacea include a tubular heart which extends through most of the thorax. It is extended into the cephalothorax by an anterior aorta. Haemolymph enters the heart through one to two pairs of incurrent ostia. Up to five pairs of cardiac arteries emanate from the heart to supply viscera in the body cavity. In the anterior cephalothorax, the aorta forms a pericerebral ring from which the arteries for the brain and the antennae branch off. In Cumacea, the heart is shorter but more voluminous. In all cumaceans studied, five pairs of cardiac arteries supply the thoracopods and the pleon. The single pair of ostia is situated in the centre of the heart. The anterior aorta runs into the anterior cephalothorax where it supplies the brain and antennae. This paper provides a general comparative discussion of all available data from the literature and the data provided herein. In certain details, the haemolymph vascular system of the Tanaidacea resembles that of Amphipoda, and some correspondences between Cumacea and Isopoda are pointed out. These findings might support a closer relationship between the latter two taxa while they show no support for an amphipod/isopod clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Wirkner
- Institut für Biowissenschaften, Allgemeine and Spezielle Zoologie, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 2, 18055 Rostock, Germany.
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WIRKNER CHRISTIANS, RICHTER STEFAN. The circulatory system and its spatial relations to other major organ systems in Spelaeogriphacea and Mictacea (Malacostraca, Crustacea) - a three-dimensional analysis. Zool J Linn Soc 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wirkner CS, Richter S. Comparative analysis of the circulatory system in Amphipoda (Malacostraca, Crustacea). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2007.00279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wirkner CS, Richter S. The circulatory system in Mysidacea-Implications for the phylogenetic position of Lophogastrida and Mysida (Malacostraca, Crustacea). J Morphol 2007; 268:311-28. [PMID: 17315236 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of the circulatory organs in Mysida and Lophogastrida (traditionally combined as Mysidacea) is revisited investigating species so far unstudied. In addition to classical morphological methods, a newly developed combination of corrosion casting with micro computer tomography (MicroCT) and computer aided 3D reconstructions is used. Lophogastrida and Mysida show a highly developed arterial system. The tubular heart extends through the greater part of the thorax and is connected with the ventral vessel via an unpaired descending artery. It is suggested that a distinct ostia pattern supports the monophyly of Mysidacea. The cardiac artery system is more complex in Lophogastrida than in Mysida, consisting of up to 10 pairs of arteries that supply the viscera. In both taxa, an anterior and posterior aorta leads off the heart. In the anterior part of the cephalothorax the anterior aorta forms dilations into which muscles are internalized; these structures are called myoarterial formations. One of these myoarterial formations can also be found in all the other peracarid taxa but not in other Malacostraca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Wirkner
- Institut für Spezielle Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbertstr. 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Verslycke T, Ghekiere A, Raimondo S, Janssen C. Mysid crustaceans as standard models for the screening and testing of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2007; 16:205-19. [PMID: 17235667 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-006-0122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Investigative efforts into the potential endocrine-disrupting effects of chemicals have mainly concentrated on vertebrates, with significantly less attention paid to understanding potential endocrine disruption in the invertebrates. Given that invertebrates account for at least 95% of all known animal species and are critical to ecosystem structure and function, it remains essential to close this gap in knowledge and research. The lack of progress regarding endocrine disruption in invertebrates is largely due to: (1) our ignorance of mode-of-action, physiological control, and hormone structure and function in invertebrates; (2) lack of a standardized invertebrate assay; (3) the irrelevance to most invertebrates of the proposed activity-based biological indicators for endocrine disruptor (ED) exposure (androgen, estrogen, and thyroid); (4) limited field studies. Past and ongoing research efforts using the standard invertebrate toxicity test model, the mysid shrimp, have aimed at addressing some of these issues. The present review serves as an update to a previous publication on the use of mysids for the evaluation of EDs (Verslycke et al. 2004a). It summarizes recent investigative efforts that have significantly advanced our understanding of invertebrate-specific endocrine toxicity, population modeling, field studies, and transgeneration standard test development using the mysid model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Verslycke
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS#32, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
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JAUME DAMIÀ, BOXSHALL GEOFFA, BAMBER ROGERN. A new genus from the continental slope off Brazil and the discovery of the first males in the Hirsutiidae (Crustacea: Peracarida: Bochusacea). Zool J Linn Soc 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Podsiadlowski L, Bartolomaeus T. Major rearrangements characterize the mitochondrial genome of the isopod Idotea baltica (Crustacea: Peracarida). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2006; 40:893-9. [PMID: 16737831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2005] [Revised: 04/11/2006] [Accepted: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mallatt J, Giribet G. Further use of nearly complete 28S and 18S rRNA genes to classify Ecdysozoa: 37 more arthropods and a kinorhynch. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2006; 40:772-94. [PMID: 16781168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2005] [Revised: 02/28/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This work expands on a study from 2004 by Mallatt, Garey, and Shultz [Mallatt, J.M., Garey, J.R., Shultz, J.W., 2004. Ecdysozoan phylogeny and Bayesian inference: first use of nearly complete 28S and 18S rRNA gene sequences to classify the arthropods and their kin. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 31, 178-191] that evaluated the phylogenetic relationships in Ecdysozoa (molting animals), especially arthropods. Here, the number of rRNA gene-sequences was effectively doubled for each major group of arthropods, and sequences from the phylum Kinorhyncha (mud dragons) were also included, bringing the number of ecdysozoan taxa to over 80. The methods emphasized maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference and statistical testing with parametric bootstrapping, but also included parsimony and minimum evolution. Prominent findings from our combined analysis of both genes are as follows. The fundamental subdivisions of Hexapoda (insects and relatives) are Insecta and Entognatha, with the latter consisting of collembolans (springtails) and a clade of proturans plus diplurans. Our rRNA-gene data provide the strongest evidence to date that the sister group of Hexapoda is Branchiopoda (fairy shrimps, tadpole shrimps, etc.), not Malacostraca. The large, Pancrustacea clade (hexapods within a paraphyletic Crustacea) divided into a few basic subclades: hexapods plus branchiopods; cirripedes (barnacles) plus malacostracans (lobsters, crabs, true shrimps, isopods, etc.); and the basally located clades of (a) ostracods (seed shrimps) and (b) branchiurans (fish lice) plus the bizarre pentastomids (tongue worms). These findings about Pancrustacea agree with a recent study by Regier, Shultz, and Kambic that used entirely different genes [Regier, J.C., Shultz, J.W., Kambic, R.E., 2005a. Pancrustacean phylogeny: hexapods are terrestrial crustaceans and maxillopods are not monophyletic. Proc. R. Soc. B 272, 395-401]. In Malacostraca, the stomatopod (mantis shrimp) was not at the base of the eumalacostracans, as is widely claimed, but grouped instead with an euphausiacean (krill). Within centipedes, Craterostigmus was the sister to all other pleurostigmophorans, contrary to the consensus view. Our trees also united myriapods (millipedes and centipedes) with chelicerates (horseshoe crabs, spiders, scorpions, and relatives) and united pycnogonids (sea spiders) with chelicerates, but with much less support than in the previous rRNA-gene study. Finally, kinorhynchs joined priapulans (penis worms) at the base of Ecdysozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Mallatt
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164-4236, USA.
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