1
|
Biochemical and Bioinformatic Studies of Mutations of Residues at the Monomer-Monomer Interface of Human Ornithine Aminotransferase Leading to Gyrate Atrophy of Choroid and Retina. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043369. [PMID: 36834788 PMCID: PMC9967328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficit of human ornithine aminotransferase (hOAT), a mitochondrial tetrameric pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) enzyme, leads to gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina (GA). Although 70 pathogenic mutations have been identified, only few enzymatic phenotypes are known. Here, we report biochemical and bioinformatic analyses of the G51D, G121D, R154L, Y158S, T181M, and P199Q pathogenic variants involving residues located at the monomer-monomer interface. All mutations cause a shift toward a dimeric structure, and changes in tertiary structure, thermal stability, and PLP microenvironment. The impact on these features is less pronounced for the mutations of Gly51 and Gly121 mapping to the N-terminal segment of the enzyme than those of Arg154, Tyr158, Thr181, and Pro199 belonging to the large domain. These data, together with the predicted ΔΔG values of monomer-monomer binding for the variants, suggest that the proper monomer-monomer interactions seem to be correlated with the thermal stability, the PLP binding site and the tetrameric structure of hOAT. The different impact of these mutations on the catalytic activity was also reported and discussed on the basis of the computational information. Together, these results allow the identification of the molecular defects of these variants, thus extending the knowledge of enzymatic phenotypes of GA patients.
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu X, Tao T, Zhao L, Li G, Yang L. Molecular diagnosis based on comprehensive genetic testing in 800 Chinese families with non-syndromic inherited retinal dystrophies. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 49:46-59. [PMID: 33090715 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a group of monogenic diseases, one of the leading causes of blindness. BACKGROUND Introducing a comprehensive genetic testing strategy by combining single gene Sanger sequencing, next-generation sequencing (NGS) including whole exome sequencing (WES), and a specific hereditary eye disease enrichment panel (HEDEP) sequencing, to identify the disease-causing variants of 800 Chinese probands affected with non-syndromic IRDs. DESIGN Retrospective analysis. PARTICIPANTS Eight hundred Chinese non-syndromic IRDs probands and their families. METHODS A total of 149 patients were subjected to Sanger sequencing. Of the 651 patients subjected to NGS, 86 patients underwent WES and 565 underwent HEDEP. Patients that likely carried copy number variations (CNVs) detected by HEDEP were further validated by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) or quantitative fluorescence PCR (QF-PCR). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The diagnostic rate. RESULTS (Likely) pathogenic variants were determined in 481 cases (60.13% detection rate). The detection rates of single gene Sanger sequencing, WES and HEDEP were 86.58%, 31.40% and 56.99%, respectively. Approximately 11.64% of 481 cases carried autosomal dominant variants, 72.97% carried AR variants and 15.39% were found to be X-linked. CNVs were confirmed by MLPA or QF-PCR in 17 families. Fourteen genes that each caused disease in 1% or more of the cohort were detected, and these genes were collectively responsible for disease in almost one half (46.38%) of the families. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Sanger sequencing is ideal to detect pathogenic variants of clinical homogeneous diseases, whereas NGS is more appropriate for patients without an explicit clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianchang Tao
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Genlin Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Montioli R, Bellezza I, Desbats MA, Borri Voltattorni C, Salviati L, Cellini B. Deficit of human ornithine aminotransferase in gyrate atrophy: Molecular, cellular, and clinical aspects. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1869:140555. [PMID: 33068755 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gyrate Atrophy (GA) of the choroid and retina (MIM# 258870) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations of the OAT gene encoding ornithine-delta-aminotransferase (OAT), associated with progressive retinal deterioration and blindness. The disease has a theoretical global incidence of approximately 1:1,500,000. OAT is mainly involved in ornithine catabolism in adults, thus explaining the hyperornithinemia as hallmark of the disease. Patients are treated with an arginine-restricted diet, to limit ornithine load, or the administration of Vitamin B6, a precursor of the OAT coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate. Although the clinical and genetic aspects of GA are known for many years, the enzymatic phenotype of pathogenic variants and their response to Vitamin B6, as well as the molecular mechanisms explaining retinal damage, are poorly clarified. Herein, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the biochemical properties of human OAT and on the molecular, cellular, and clinical aspects of GA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Montioli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carla Borri Voltattorni
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biological Chemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Barbara Cellini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Molecular and cellular basis of ornithine δ-aminotransferase deficiency caused by the V332M mutation associated with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3629-3638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
5
|
Huang J, Fu J, Fu S, Yang L, Nie K, Duan C, Cheng J, Li Y, Lv H, Chen R, Liu L, Fu J. Diagnostic value of a combination of next-generation sequencing, chorioretinal imaging and metabolic analysis: lessons from a consanguineous Chinese family with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina stemming from a novel OAT variant. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 103:428-435. [PMID: 30366948 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina (GACR) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterised by progressive vision loss. To identify the disease-causing gene in a consanguineous Chinese pedigree with GACR, we aimed to accurately diagnose patients with GACR through a combination of next-generation sequencing (NGS) genetic diagnosis, clinical imaging and amino acid metabolic analysis. METHODS A consanguineous Chinese pedigree with GACR, including two patients, was recruited and a comprehensive ophthalmological evaluation was performed. DNA was extracted from a proband and her family members, and the sample from the proband was analysed using targeted NGS. Variants detected by NGS were confirmed by Sanger sequencing and subjected to segregation analysis. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was subsequently performed for metabolic assessment. RESULTS We identified a novel, deleterious, homologous ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) variant, c.G248A: p.S83N, which contributes to the progression of GACR in patients. Our results showed that the p.S83N autosomal recessive variant of OAT is most likely pathogenic, with changes in protein stability drastically decreasing functionality. MS/MS verified that ornithine levels in patients were significantly elevated. CONCLUSIONS Recruitment of a third-degree first cousin consanguineous marriage family with GACR allowed us to identify a novel pathogenic OAT variant in the Chinese population, broadening the mutation spectrum. Our findings reported the diagnostic value of a combination of NGS, retinal imaging and metabolic analysis of consanguineous marriage pedigrees in low-income/middle-income and low-incidence countries, including China, and may help to guide accurate diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junting Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiewen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shangyi Fu
- The Honors College, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lisha Yang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kailai Nie
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengxia Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hongbin Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Longqian Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Katagiri S, Gekka T, Hayashi T, Ida H, Ohashi T, Eto Y, Tsuneoka H. OAT mutations and clinical features in two Japanese brothers with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. Doc Ophthalmol 2014; 128:137-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s10633-014-9426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
7
|
Abstract
We reviewed the literature on ornithine supplementation and related topics. Nutritionists and physicians have reported that ornithine supplementation is useful. Paediatricians and biochemists have reported that ornithine is supplemented for NH3detoxification in the hyperornithinaemia–hyperammonaemia–homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome. In contrast, ophthalmic researchers have reported retinotoxicity associated with high-dose ornithine.In vivoandin vitroexperiments have shown that high concentrations of ornithine or its metabolites are toxic to the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Long-term (exceeding a few years) and high concentrations (exceeding 600 μmol/l) of ornithine in the blood induce retinal toxicity in gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina (GA). Intermittent high levels of ornithine do not lead to retinal lesions. Constant blood ornithine levels between 250 and 600 μmol/l do not induce retinal lesions or cause a very slowly progressive retinal degeneration. Blood ornithine levels below 250 μmol/l do not produce retinal alteration. We concluded that short-term, low-dose or transient high-dose ornithine intake is safe for the retina; its nutritional usefulness and effect on NH3detoxification are supported by many researchers, but the effect may be limited; and long-term, high-dose ornithine intake may be risky for the retina. Patients with GA should avoid taking ornithine; amino acid supplementation should be administered carefully for patients with the HHH syndrome, relatives of patients with GA (heterozygotes) and subjects with RPE lesions; and blood ornithine levels and retinal conditions should be evaluated in individuals taking long-term, high-dose ornithine.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ohkubo Y, Ueta A, Ito T, Sumi S, Yamada M, Ozawa K, Togari H. Vitamin B6-Responsive Ornithine Aminotransferase Deficiency with a Novel Mutation G237D. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2005; 205:335-42. [PMID: 15750329 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.205.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) deficiency (MIM: 258870) is a rare congenital metabolic disorder characterized by gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. Here, we report a 37-year-old male with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina who has been treated for 18 years. At the age of 7 years, the patient consulted an ophthalmologist due to progressive loss of vision. A large atrophied area was observed in his retina, and OAT deficiency was suspected. At the age of 19 years, amino acid analysis revealed high serum ornithine levels (1,140 nmol/ml), with the normal range being 40-100 nmol/ml. He was treated with vitamin B(6) 300 mg/day for 6 months, which successfully reduced his serum ornithine levels by 20-30%. For 18 years since, his serum ornithine levels have been maintained with vitamin B(6) medication. There was no further impairment of vision or increase in the atrophied area, as judged by ophthalmoscopic examination. OAT activity was undetected in white blood cells of the patient and was 105% and 45% of normal values in his wife and son, respectively. OAT gene analysis revealed a novel mutation of Gly237Asp in exon 7 (710G > A) in both alleles of the patient, while his son was a heterozygote for the mutation. Notably, this novel mutation is associated with a vitamin B6-responsive phenotype. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment with vitamin B(6) may prevent loss of vision in some patients with OAT deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Ohkubo
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology and Congenital Disorders, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ames BN, Elson-Schwab I, Silver EA. High-dose vitamin therapy stimulates variant enzymes with decreased coenzyme binding affinity (increased K(m)): relevance to genetic disease and polymorphisms. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 75:616-58. [PMID: 11916749 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/75.4.616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As many as one-third of mutations in a gene result in the corresponding enzyme having an increased Michaelis constant, or K(m), (decreased binding affinity) for a coenzyme, resulting in a lower rate of reaction. About 50 human genetic dis-eases due to defective enzymes can be remedied or ameliorated by the administration of high doses of the vitamin component of the corresponding coenzyme, which at least partially restores enzymatic activity. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms, in which the variant amino acid reduces coenzyme binding and thus enzymatic activity, are likely to be remediable by raising cellular concentrations of the cofactor through high-dose vitamin therapy. Some examples include the alanine-to-valine substitution at codon 222 (Ala222-->Val) [DNA: C-to-T substitution at nucleo-tide 677 (677C-->T)] in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) and the cofactor FAD (in relation to cardiovascular disease, migraines, and rages), the Pro187-->Ser (DNA: 609C-->T) mutation in NAD(P):quinone oxidoreductase 1 [NAD(P)H dehy-drogenase (quinone)] and FAD (in relation to cancer), the Ala44-->Gly (DNA: 131C-->G) mutation in glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase and NADP (in relation to favism and hemolytic anemia), and the Glu487-->Lys mutation (present in one-half of Asians) in aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD + ) and NAD (in relation to alcohol intolerance, Alzheimer disease, and cancer).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce N Ames
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mashima YG, Weleber RG, Kennaway NG, Inana G. Genotype-phenotype correlation of a pyridoxine-responsive form of gyrate atrophy. Ophthalmic Genet 1999; 20:219-24. [PMID: 10617919 DOI: 10.1076/opge.20.4.219.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Two clinical subtypes of gyrate atrophy (GA) have been defined based on in vivo or in vitro evidence of response to vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), which is the cofactor of the enzyme ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) shown to be defective in GA. We identified the E318K mutation in the OAT gene, heterozygously in three patients and homozygously in one patient, all of whom were vitamin B6-responsive by previous in vivo and in vitro studies. Dose-dependent effects of the E318K mutation were observed in the homo- and heterozygotes in the OAT activity, increase of OAT activity in the presence of pyridoxal phosphate, and apparent Km for pyridoxal phosphate. The highest residual level of OAT activity and mildness of clinical disease correlated directly with the dose of the mutant E318K allele present in the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y G Mashima
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|