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Zhivkov AM, Popov TT, Hristova SH. Composite Hydrogels with Included Solid-State Nanoparticles Bearing Anticancer Chemotherapeutics. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050421. [PMID: 37233012 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels have many useful physicochemical properties which, in combination with their biocompatibility, suggest their application as a drug delivery system for the local and prorogated release of drugs. However, their drug-absorption capacity is limited because of the gel net's poor adsorption of hydrophilic molecules and in particular, hydrophobic molecules. The absorption capacity of hydrogels can be increased with the incorporation of nanoparticles due to their huge surface area. In this review, composite hydrogels (physical, covalent and injectable) with included hydrophobic and hydrophilic nanoparticles are considered as suitable for use as carriers of anticancer chemotherapeutics. The main focus is given to the surface properties of the nanoparticles (hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity and surface electric charge) formed from metal and dielectric substances: metals (gold, silver), metal-oxides (iron, aluminum, titanium, zirconium), silicates (quartz) and carbon (graphene). The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles are emphasized in order to assist researchers in choosing appropriate nanoparticles for the adsorption of drugs with hydrophilic and hydrophobic organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandar M Zhivkov
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Trifon T Popov
- Medical Faculty, Medical University-Sofia, Zdrave Str. 2, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetlana H Hristova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Medical University-Sofia, Zdrave Str. 2, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Membrane pH responsibility as a remote control for pore size arrangement and surface charge adjustment in order to efficient separation of doxorubicin antitumor drug. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Katekar R, Singh P, Garg R, Verma S, Gayen JR. Emerging nanotechnology based combination therapies of taxanes for multiple drug-resistant cancers. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 27:95-107. [PMID: 34806547 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.2009861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
'One drug- one target' to 'multiple drug- multiple targets' paradigm shifted to produce combination therapies, have found great outcomes to overcome multiple drug resistance (MDR). MDR is a significant barrier to the delivery of taxane-based anticancer medicines such as docetaxel, paclitaxel, and cabazitaxel. Due to MDR induced by drug efflux transporters, clinical application of these medications is impeded. To date, nanoformulations such as liposomes, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, and gold nanoparticles have been investigated to deliver taxanes alone and in combination to reverse drug resistance. Despite the fact that various groups have already looked into taxane nano formulations in the literature, there isn't much in the way of polypharmacology and advanced nanoformulations with a focus on MDR. In this overview, we briefly covered the insights regarding MDR, difficulties related to current pharmaceutical products of taxanes, combination therapies of taxanes to combat MDR, all of which can be used to delve into cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Katekar
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pragati Singh
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Richa Garg
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Saurabh Verma
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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4
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Saha J, Kim JH, Amaya CN, Witcher C, Khammanivong A, Korpela DM, Brown DR, Taylor J, Bryan BA, Dickerson EB. Propranolol Sensitizes Vascular Sarcoma Cells to Doxorubicin by Altering Lysosomal Drug Sequestration and Drug Efflux. Front Oncol 2021; 10:614288. [PMID: 33598432 PMCID: PMC7882688 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.614288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a rare cancer of blood vessel-forming cells with a high patient mortality and few treatment options. Although chemotherapy often produces initial clinical responses, outcomes remain poor, largely due to the development of drug resistance. We previously identified a subset of doxorubicin-resistant cells in human angiosarcoma and canine hemangiosarcoma cell lines that exhibit high lysosomal accumulation of doxorubicin. Hydrophobic, weak base chemotherapeutics, like doxorubicin, are known to sequester within lysosomes, promoting resistance by limiting drug accessibility to cellular targets. Drug synergy between the beta adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonist, propranolol, and multiple chemotherapeutics has been documented in vitro, and clinical data have corroborated the increased therapeutic potential of propranolol with chemotherapy in angiosarcoma patients. Because propranolol is also a weak base and accumulates in lysosomes, we sought to determine whether propranolol enhanced doxorubicin cytotoxicity via antagonism of β-ARs or by preventing the lysosomal accumulation of doxorubicin. β-AR-like immunoreactivities were confirmed in primary tumor tissues and cell lines; receptor function was verified by monitoring downstream signaling pathways of β-ARs in response to receptor agonists and antagonists. Mechanistically, propranolol increased cytoplasmic doxorubicin concentrations in sarcoma cells by decreasing the lysosomal accumulation and cellular efflux of this chemotherapeutic agent. Equivalent concentrations of the receptor-active S-(-) and -inactive R-(+) enantiomers of propranolol produced similar effects, supporting a β-AR-independent mechanism. Long-term exposure of hemangiosarcoma cells to propranolol expanded both lysosomal size and number, yet cells remained sensitive to doxorubicin in the presence of propranolol. In contrast, removal of propranolol increased cellular resistance to doxorubicin, underscoring lysosomal doxorubicin sequestration as a key mechanism of resistance. Our results support the repurposing of the R-(+) enantiomer of propranolol with weak base chemotherapeutics to increase cytotoxicity and reduce the development of drug-resistant cell populations without the cardiovascular and other side effects associated with antagonism of β-ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhuma Saha
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Jong Hyuk Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Clarissa N Amaya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States.,Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Caleb Witcher
- Department of Biology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, United States
| | - Ali Khammanivong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Derek M Korpela
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - David R Brown
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Josephine Taylor
- Department of Biology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, United States
| | - Brad A Bryan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States.,Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Erin B Dickerson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Carvalho AM, Fernandes E, Gonçalves H, Giner-Casares JJ, Bernstorff S, Nieder JB, Real Oliveira MECD, Lúcio M. Prediction of paclitaxel pharmacokinetic based on in vitro studies: Interaction with membrane models and human serum albumin. Int J Pharm 2020; 580:119222. [PMID: 32194209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Interactions of paclitaxel (PTX) with models mimicking biological interfaces (lipid membranes and serum albumin, HSA) were investigated to test the hypothesis that the set of in vitro assays proposed can be used to predict some aspects of drug pharmacokinetics (PK). PTX membrane partitioning was studied by derivative spectrophotometry; PTX effect on membrane biophysics was evaluated by dynamic light scattering, fluorescence anisotropy, atomic force microscopy and synchrotron small/wide-angle X-ray scattering; PTX distribution/molecular orientation in membranes was assessed by steady-state/time-resolved fluorescence and computer simulations. PTX binding to HSA was studied by fluorescence quenching, derivative spectrophotometry and dynamic/electrophoretic light scattering. PTX high membrane partitioning is consistent with its efficacy crossing cellular membranes and its off-target distribution. PTX is closely located in the membrane phospholipids headgroups, also interacting with the hydrophobic chains, and causes a major distortion of the alignment of the membrane phospholipids, which, together with its fluidizing effect, justifies some of its cellular toxic effects. PTX binds strongly to HSA, which is consistent with its reduced distribution in target tissues and toxicity by bioaccumulation. In conclusion, the described set of biomimetic models and techniques has the potential for early prediction of PK issues, alerting for the required drug optimizations, potentially minimizing the number of animal tests used in the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Carvalho
- CF-UM-UP, Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Departamento de Física da Universidade do Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Nanophotonics Department, Ultrafast Bio- and Nanophotonics Group, INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- CF-UM-UP, Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Departamento de Física da Universidade do Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Juan J Giner-Casares
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Applied Thermodynamics, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, Córdoba E-14014, Spain.
| | - Sigrid Bernstorff
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Jana B Nieder
- Nanophotonics Department, Ultrafast Bio- and Nanophotonics Group, INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
| | - M Elisabete C D Real Oliveira
- CF-UM-UP, Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Departamento de Física da Universidade do Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Marlene Lúcio
- CF-UM-UP, Centro de Física das Universidades do Minho e Porto, Departamento de Física da Universidade do Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; CBMA, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Effect of natural and synthetic surfactants on polysaccharide nanoparticles: Hydrophobic drug loading, release, and cytotoxic studies. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zamani H, Rakhshaee R, Garakoui SR. Two contrary roles of Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles on kinetic and thermodynamic of Paclitaxel degradation by Citrobacter amalonaticus Rashtia immobilized on sodium alginate gel beads. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 344:566-575. [PMID: 29102639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Roles of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) on biodegradation of Paclitaxel by Citrobacter amalonaticus immobilized on alginate gel beads were investigated. Limitation in substrate diffusion is the major drawback of the cell immobilization method. To overcome this problem, bacterial cells were immobilized on the gel beads containing different concentrations (5-20mg/mL) of Fe3O4 NPs and their Paclitaxel degrading potential at different temperatures was investigated using kinetic and thermodynamic modeling. Co-immobilization of bacterial cells with 5, 10 and 20mg/mL Fe3O4 NPs enhanced biodegradation efficiencies to 66%, 80% and 78%, respectively, compared to the NPs free immobilized cells (41.9%). The optimum concentration of Fe3O4 NPs (10mg/mL) had both inhibitory and accelerating effects on paclitaxel degradation depending on the incubation time and temperature. Increasing dose of Fe3O4 NPs could increase paclitaxel degradation, despite increasing of thermodynamic inhibitory factors, only when longer time and higher temperature were used. ΔG values increased about 11.2 KJ/mol at all temperatures of 285, 295 and 305K, and ΔH increased 54.4%, in comparison with the treatment without NPs. This indicates that, inclusion of Fe3O4 NPs into the immobilization gels can increase the local concentration of Paclitaxel (with OH2+ groups) and bacterial accessibility to the substrate and thus enhance biodegradation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjatolah Zamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Iran.
| | - Roohan Rakhshaee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Iran
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Wang J, Yeung BZ, Cui M, Peer CJ, Lu Z, Figg WD, Guillaume Wientjes M, Woo S, Au JLS. Exosome is a mechanism of intercellular drug transfer: Application of quantitative pharmacology. J Control Release 2017; 268:147-158. [PMID: 29054369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exosomes are small membrane vesicles (30-100nm in diameter) secreted by cells into extracellular space. The present study evaluated the effect of chemotherapeutic agents on exosome production and/or release, and quantified the contribution of exosomes to intercellular drug transfer and pharmacodynamics. METHODS Human cancer cells (breast MCF7, breast-to-lung metastatic LM2, ovarian A2780 and OVCAR4) were treated with paclitaxel (PTX, 2-1000nM) or doxorubicin (DOX, 20-1000nM) for 24-48h. Exosomes were isolated from the culture medium of drug-treated donor cells (Donor cells) using ultra-centrifugation, and analyzed for acetylcholinesterase activity, total proteins, drug concentrations, and biological effects (cytotoxicity and anti-migration) on drug-naïve recipient cells (Recipient cells). These results were used to develop computational predictive quantitative pharmacology models. RESULTS Cells in exponential growth phase released ~220 exosomes/cell in culture medium. PTX and DOX significantly promoted exosome production and/or release in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with greater effects in ovarian cancer cells than in breast cancer cells. Exosomes isolated from Donor cells contained appreciable drug levels (2-7pmole/106 cells after 24h treatment with 100-1000nM PTX), and caused cytotoxicity and inhibited migration of Recipient cells. Quantitative pharmacology models that integrated cellular PTX pharmacokinetics with PTX pharmacodynamics successfully predicted effects of exosomes on intercellular drug transfer, cytotoxicity of PTX on Donor cells and cytotoxicity of PTX-containing exosomes on Recipient cells. Additional model simulations indicate that within clinically achievable PTX concentrations, the contribution of exosomes to active drug efflux increased with drug concentration and exceeded the p-glycoprotein efflux when the latter was saturated. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate (a) chemotherapeutic agents stimulate exosome production or release, and (b) exosome is a mechanism of intercellular drug transfer that contributes to pharmacodynamics of neighboring cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; Institute of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Bertrand Z Yeung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; Institute of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA; Optimum Therapeutics LLC, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Minjian Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; Institute of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA; Optimum Therapeutics LLC, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Cody J Peer
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ze Lu
- Optimum Therapeutics LLC, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - William D Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - M Guillaume Wientjes
- Institute of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA; Optimum Therapeutics LLC, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Sukyung Woo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Jessie L-S Au
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; Institute of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA; Optimum Therapeutics LLC, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA; College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Park JB, Prodduturi S, Morott J, Kulkarni VI, Jacob MR, Khan SI, Stodghill SP, Repka MA. Development of an antifungal denture adhesive film for oral candidiasis utilizing hot melt extrusion technology. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1-13. [PMID: 25169007 PMCID: PMC5629914 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.949235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The overall goal of this research was to produce a stable hot-melt extruded 'Antifungal Denture Adhesive film' (ADA) system for the treatment of oral candidiasis. METHODS The ADA systems with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and/or polyethylene oxide (PEO) containing clotrimazole (10%) or nystatin (10%) were extruded utilizing a lab scale twin-screw hot-melt extruder. Rolls of the antifungal-containing films were collected and subsequently die-cut into shapes adapted for a maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) denture. RESULTS Differential scanning calorimeter and powder X-ray diffraction results indicated that the crystallinity of both APIs was changed to amorphous phase after hot-melt extrusion. The ADA system, containing blends of HPC and PEO, enhanced the effectiveness of the antimicrobials a maximum of fivefold toward the inhibition of cell adherence of Candida albicans to mammalian cells/Vero cells. Remarkably, a combination of the two polymers without drug also demonstrated a 38% decrease in cell adhesion to the fungi due to the viscosity and the flexibility of the polymers. Drug-release profiles indicated that both drug concentrations were above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for C. albicans within 10 min and was maintained for over 10 h. In addition, based on the IC50 and MIC values, it was observed that the antifungal activities of both drugs were increased significantly in the ADA systems. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, the ADA system may be used for primary, prophylaxis or adjunct treatment of oral or pharyngeal candidiasis via controlled release of the antifungal agent from the polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bom Park
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Suneela Prodduturi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Joe Morott
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Vijay I. Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Melissa R. Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Shabana I. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Steven P. Stodghill
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social & Administrative Sciences, Belmont University College of Pharmacy, 1900 Belmont Boulevard, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael A. Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA,Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA,Address for correspondence: Michael A. Repka, D.D.S., Ph.D., Professor and Chair, Department of Pharmaceutics, Director, Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, Phone: 662-915-1155, Fax: 662-915-1177,
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Hanh ND, Sinchaipanid N, Mitrevej A. Physicochemical characterization of phyllanthin from Phyllanthus amarus Schum. et Thonn. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:793-802. [PMID: 23594304 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.788010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Phyllanthin is a major bioactive lignan component of Phyllanthus amarus, with several known biological activities. This study dealt with the isolation and physicochemical characterization of phyllanthin. Phyllanthin was isolated from P. amarus leaves by column chromatography and purified by recrystallization to obtain phyllanthin crystals with a purity of more than 98%. UV, IR, MS, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR spectra were employed to identify phyllanthin. The physicochemical properties of phyllanthin were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, pH-solubility, ionization property and lipophilicity. The results indicated that phyllanthin crystals had the melting point and melting enthalpy range of 96.67-97.03 °C and 109.61-116.34 J/g, respectively. Three kinds of phyllanthin crystals, recrystallized by petroleum ether, absolute ethanol and 25% ethanol solution, showed only one polymorph and no polymorphic impurity. Phyllanthin in a solid state was found to undergo significant thermal decomposition above 200 °C. The compound demonstrated good stability in aqueous solution over a pH range of 1.07-10.02 for at least 4 h. The solubility of phyllanthin appeared to be pH-independent of pH range from 1.07 to 10.26. Ionization property studied by absorbance spectroscopy method was in agreement with the result of pH-solubility study, showing that phyllanthin has no pKa over a pH range of 1.12-10.02. The log Pow value of phyllanthin was found to be 3.30 ± 0.05 at pH 7.48, suggesting that phyllanthin may have good permeability through biological membranes. The findings could be useful tools for the development of stable and bioavailable oral dosage forms of phyllanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Duc Hanh
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
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