1
|
Liu W, Huang X, Luo W, Liu X, Chen W. Progerin Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Melanoma Cells by Regulating the Expression of Paxillin. Onco Targets Ther 2024; 17:227-242. [PMID: 38533131 PMCID: PMC10964789 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s442504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Progerin, the underlying cause of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), has been extensively studied for its impact on normal cells and premature aging patients. However, there is a lack of research on its specific effects on tumor cells. Melanoma is one of the most common malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to elucidate the potential therapeutic role of progerin in melanoma. Materials and Methods We constructed the melanoma A375 cell line and M14 cell line with stable expression of progerin. The expression of progerin, paxillin, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker proteins in each cell group was measured using Western blot. The migration, proliferation, and cell cycle of cancer cells were assessed using the transwell assay, wound healing assay, colony formation assay, CCK 8 assay, and flow cytometry. RT-qPCR technology was used to examine the impact of progerin overexpression on microRNA expression. Finally, we transfected paxillin into the progerin overexpression cell group to verify whether progerin regulates the phenotype of tumor cells through paxillin. Results Our study demonstrated that overexpression of progerin leads to decreased expression of paxillin and inhibits cancer cell migration, proliferation, EMT process and cell cycle progression. Additionally, rescue experiments revealed that the migration, proliferation ability, and EMT marker protein expression in progerin overexpressing cancer cells could be partially restored by transfecting a plasmid containing the paxillin gene. Mechanistic investigations further revealed that progerin achieves this inhibition of paxillin expression by upregulating miR-212. Conclusion This study reveals that progerin may inhibit the migration and proliferation of melanoma cells through the miR-212/paxillin axis, which provides a new approach for the future treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxian Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weizhao Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weichun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu W, Huang X, Luo W, Liu X, Chen W. The Role of Paxillin Aberrant Expression in Cancer and Its Potential as a Target for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098245. [PMID: 37175948 PMCID: PMC10179295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Paxillin is a multi-domain adaptor protein. As an important member of focal adhesion (FA) and a participant in regulating cell movement, paxillin plays an important role in physiological processes such as nervous system development, embryonic development, and vascular development. However, increasing evidence suggests that paxillin is aberrantly expressed in many cancers. Many scholars have also recognized that the abnormal expression of paxillin is related to the prognosis, metastases, invasion, survival, angiogenesis, and other aspects of malignant tumors, suggesting that paxillin may be a potential cancer therapeutic target. Therefore, the study of how aberrant paxillin expression affects the process of tumorigenesis and metastasis will help to develop more efficacious antitumor drugs. Herein, we review the structure of paxillin and its function and expression in tumors, paying special attention to the multifaceted effects of paxillin on tumors, the mechanism of tumorigenesis and progression, and its potential role in tumor therapy. We also hope to provide a reference for the clinical prognosis and development of new tumor therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Xinxian Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Weizhao Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Weichun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xue Q, Varady SR, Waddell TQA, Roman MR, Carrington J, Roh-Johnson M. Lack of Paxillin phosphorylation promotes single-cell migration in vivo. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213850. [PMID: 36723624 PMCID: PMC9929932 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions are structures that physically link the cell to the extracellular matrix for cell migration. Although cell culture studies have provided a wealth of information regarding focal adhesion biology, it is critical to understand how focal adhesions are dynamically regulated in their native environment. We developed a zebrafish system to visualize focal adhesion structures during single-cell migration in vivo. We find that a key site of phosphoregulation (Y118) on Paxillin exhibits reduced phosphorylation in migrating cells in vivo compared to in vitro. Furthermore, expression of a non-phosphorylatable version of Y118-Paxillin increases focal adhesion disassembly and promotes cell migration in vivo, despite inhibiting cell migration in vitro. Using a mouse model, we further find that the upstream kinase, focal adhesion kinase, is downregulated in cells in vivo, and cells expressing non-phosphorylatable Y118-Paxillin exhibit increased activation of the CRKII-DOCK180/RacGEF pathway. Our findings provide significant new insight into the intrinsic regulation of focal adhesions in cells migrating in their native environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xue
- https://ror.org/03r0ha626Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sophia R.S. Varady
- https://ror.org/03r0ha626Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Mackenzie R. Roman
- https://ror.org/03r0ha626Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - James Carrington
- https://ror.org/03r0ha626Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Minna Roh-Johnson
- https://ror.org/03r0ha626Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang R, Wu C, Wen J, Yu J, Zhu H, Yu J, Zou Z. DIAPH3 is a prognostic biomarker and inhibit colorectal cancer progression through maintaining EGFR degradation. Cancer Med 2022; 11:4688-4702. [PMID: 35538918 PMCID: PMC9741984 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actin cytoskeleton is connected with the processes of cell proliferation and migration in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it is unknown how to accomplish these adjustments in CRC by actin cytoskeleton genes (ACGs) and here we investigated the role of hub prognosis-related ACGs-Diaphanous-related formin 3 (DIAPH3) in CRC, as a potential, novel target. METHODS The ACGs gene set from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) was used to group CRC patients and select prognosis-related ACGs by univariate and multivariate Cox regression for constructing prognostic model. Next, we tested hub prognosis-related ACGs- DIAPH3 expression in CRC and clarified the role of DIAPH3 by shRNA constructs in KM12 and SW480. Activation of EGFR was analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS The results showed that actin cytoskeleton function is a significant prognostic factor for CRC patients and related to clinicopathological characteristics such as T stage and lymph node metastasis. A prognostic model constructed by four prognosis-related ACGs has a moderate intensity to 1-year Survival (AUC = 0.71). And hub prognosis-related ACGs DIAPH3 is downregulated in CRC. Knockdown of DIAPH3 could promote the proliferation and migration capacity of CRC. In addition, DIAPH3-silenced cells increase EGFR phosphorylation by inhibiting EGFR transportation to lysosome. CONCLUSIONS ACGs play a significant role in tumor invasion and have the potential to predict the prognosis of CRC. Prognosis-related ACGs DIAPH3 might be a new prognostic biomarker and DIAPH3 could inhibit CRC progression through maintaining EGFR degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renli Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Gastroenteric HerniaGanzhou People's HospitalGanzhouJiangxiChina
| | - Jialing Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jianyang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Huidong Zhu
- Department of General SurgeryRuijin People's HospitalGanzhouJiangxiChina
| | - Jinlong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhaowei Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li C, Guan X, Jing H, Xiao X, Jin H, Xiong J, Ai S, Wang Y, Su T, Sun G, Fu T, Wang Y, Guo S, Liang P. Circular RNA circBFAR promotes glioblastoma progression by regulating a miR-548b/FoxM1 axis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22183. [PMID: 35202487 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101307r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of tumor of the primary nervous system. Treatment options for GBM include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy; however, the clinical outcomes are poor, with a high rate of recurrence. An increasing number of studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) serve important roles in several types of cancer. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was utilized to identify the differentially expressed circRNAs and their biological functions. Then, we detected the circular RNA bifunctional apoptosis regulator (circBFAR) was significantly increased in three GEO datasets. However, the role of circBFAR has not been reported in GBM. In this study, the expression of circBFAR was significantly increased both in GBM tissues or cell lines and was negatively correlated with overall survival in patients with GBM. Knockdown of circBFAR inhibited proliferation and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Increased expression of circBFAR resulted in a reduction of miR-548b expression in glioma cells. A luciferase reporter and RIP assay indicated that miR-548b was a direct target of circBFAR, and miR-548b may negatively regulate the expression of FoxM1. Rescue experiments showed that overexpression of FoxM1 could counter the effect of circBFAR silencing on the proliferation and invasion of glioma cell lines. Moreover, we identified that circBFAR regulates FoxM1 by interacting with miR-548b in glioma cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that a circBFAR/miR-548b/FoxM1 axis regulates the development of GBM and highlights potentially novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenlong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Guan
- Animal Laboratory Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hanguang Jing
- Breast Surgery, Lin Yi Famous Doctor Studio, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jinsheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Siqi Ai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Tianqi Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Guiyin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Tianjiao Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shouli Guo
- Animal Experiment Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu W, Alpha KM, Zehrbach NM, Turner CE. Paxillin Promotes Breast Tumor Collective Cell Invasion through Maintenance of Adherens Junction Integrity. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 33:ar14. [PMID: 34851720 PMCID: PMC9236150 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-09-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Distant organ metastasis is linked to poor prognosis during cancer progression. The expression level of the focal adhesion adapter protein paxillin varies among different human cancers, but its role in tumor progression is unclear. Herein, we utilize a newly generated PyMT mammary tumor mouse model with conditional paxillin ablation in breast tumor epithelial cells, combined with in vitro 3D tumor organoids invasion analysis and 2D calcium switch assays, to assess the roles for paxillin in breast tumor cell invasion. Paxillin had little effect on primary tumor initiation and growth but is critical for the formation of distant lung metastasis. In paxillin-depleted 3D tumor organoids, collective cell invasion was substantially perturbed. Two-dimensional cell culture revealed paxillin-dependent stabilization of adherens junctions (AJ). Mechanistically, paxillin is required for AJ assembly through facilitating E-cadherin endocytosis and recycling and HDAC6-mediated microtubule acetylation. Furthermore, Rho GTPase activity analysis and rescue experiments with a RhoA activator or Rac1 inhibitor suggest paxillin is potentially regulating the E-cadherin-dependent junction integrity and contractility through control of the balance of RhoA and Rac1 activities. Together, these data highlight new roles for paxillin in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion and collective tumor cell migration to promote the formation of distance organ metastases. [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text] [Media: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Xu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - Kyle M Alpha
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - Nicholas M Zehrbach
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - Christopher E Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu X, Xu D, Xu X, Xue Q, Gao X, Tang C. MiR-216b regulates the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer by targeting PXN. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 218:153325. [PMID: 33422779 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with tumorigenesis. miR-216b can play a vital role in the genesis and development of gastric cancer (GC), and its molecular mechanisms require further elucidation. METHODS The biological effects of miR-216b in GC cells were investigated by MTT, transwell assays, and cell cycle. Western blot and luciferase assay were performed to demonstrate the direct binding of miR-216b on PXN 3'UTR. Furthermore, MTT, colony formation assays, transwell assays, and flow cytometry analysis, as well as xenograft mice model, were used to measure the effects of miR-216b-PXN on GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion indicated by in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Our results showed that miR-216b acted as a tumor suppressor in GC progression. miR-216b overexpression suppressed GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Luciferase reporter assays identified paxillin (PXN) as a novel target gene of miR-216b. PXN overexpression could partially rescue miR-216b-induced the inhibitory effects in GC cells. Besides, overexpression of miR-216b contributed to the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling via partly regulating PXN in GC cells. CONCLUSIONS The above results showed that miR-216b could offer a novel therapeutic avenue by targeting PXN in GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianchen Liu
- Departmentof Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Departmentof Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Departmentof General Surgery, Yancheng NO.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Xue
- Departmentof Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuesong Gao
- Departmentof General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, No.6 haierxiang North Road, 226000, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chong Tang
- Departmentof General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, No.6 haierxiang North Road, 226000, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Low expression of Talin1 is associated with advanced pathological features in colorectal cancer patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17786. [PMID: 33082414 PMCID: PMC7576823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the proper prognostic markers for the likelihood of metastasis in CRC patients. Seventy-seven fresh CRC samples were collected to evaluate the mRNA level of the selected marker using Real-time PCR. Moreover, 648 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded CRC tissues were gathered to evaluate protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays. The results of Real-Time PCR showed that low expression of Talin1 was significantly associated with advanced TNM stage (p = 0.034) as well as gender (p = 0.029) in mRNA levels. Similarly, IHC results indicated that a low level of cytoplasmic expression of Talin1 was significantly associated with advanced TNM stage (p = 0.028) as well as gender (p = 0.009) in CRC patients. Moreover, decreased expression of cytoplasmic Talin1 protein was found to be a significant predictor of worse disease-specific survival (DSS) (p = 0.011) in the univariate analysis. In addition, a significant difference was achieved (p = 0.039) in 5-year survival rates of DSS: 65% for low, 72% for moderate, and 88% for high Talin1 protein expression. Observations showed that lower expression of Talin1 at both the gene and protein level may drive the disparity of CRC patients’ outcomes via worse DSS and provide new insights into the development of progression indicators because of its correlation with increased tumor aggressiveness.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wen L, Zhang X, Zhang J, Chen S, Ma Y, Hu J, Yue T, Wang J, Zhu J, Wu T, Wang X. Paxillin knockdown suppresses metastasis and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer via the ERK signalling pathway. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1105-1115. [PMID: 32705241 PMCID: PMC7388420 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Paxillin (PXN) is a cytoplasmic protein that plays an important role in regulating focal adhesion, cytoskeletal rearrangements and cell motility. The present study aimed to investigate the role of PXN in the metastasis of human colorectal cancer (CRC) and its possible mechanisms. Immunohistochemical staining of tissues from 102 surgical CRC patients revealed that high PXN expression was positively correlated with tumour‑node‑metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and recurrence at distant sites after radical surgery. In 24 cases of stage IV CRC, PXN expression in liver metastasis was higher than that in the matched primary tumour. The knockdown of PXN inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion potential of SW480 cells in vitro and in vivo. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the effect of PXN on ultrastructural characteristics, observed mainly in microvilli and desmosomes. The downregulation of PXN decreased the activation of extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and suppressed the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Following the downregulation of PXN, the addition of an ERK activator or inhibitor restored or further suppressed EMT, respectively, accompanied by corresponding changes in cell migration and invasion. Collectively, the present results confirmed the important role of PXN in CRC metastasis and revealed that PXN regulated EMT progression via the ERK signalling pathway. PXN may represent a future therapeutic strategy to prevent the EMT‑associated progression and invasion of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Shanwen Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Yongchen Ma
- Department of Endoscopic Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Jianwen Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Taohua Yue
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Jingui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Palma S, Raffa CI, Garcia-Fabiani MB, Ferretti VA, Zwenger A, Perez Verdera PV, Llontop A, Rojas Bilbao E, Cuartero V, Abba MC, Lacunza E. RHBDD2 overexpression promotes a chemoresistant and invasive phenotype to rectal cancer tumors via modulating UPR and focal adhesion genes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165810. [PMID: 32339641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The current standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer (RC) is neoadjuvant radio-chemotherapy (NRC) with 5-fluorouracil (5Fu) as the main drug, followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. While a group of patients will achieve a pathological complete response, a significant percentage will not respond to the treatment. The Unfolding Protein Response (UPR) pathway is generally activated in tumors and results in resistance to radio-chemotherapy. We previously showed that RHBDD2 gene is overexpressed in the advanced stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) and that it could modulate the UPR pathway. Moreover, RHBDD2 expression is induced by 5Fu. In this study, we demonstrate that the overexpression of RHBDD2 in CACO2 cell line confers resistance to 5Fu, favors cell migration, adhesion and proliferation and has a profound impact on the expression of both, the UPR genes BiP, PERK and CHOP, and on the cell adhesion genes FAK and PXN. We also determined that RHBDD2 binds to BiP protein, the master UPR regulator. Finally, we confirmed that a high expression of RHBDD2 in RC tumors after NRC treatment is associated with the development of local or distant metastases. The collected evidence positions RHBDD2 as a promising prognostic biomarker to predict the response to neoadjuvant therapy in patients with RC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Palma
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C I Raffa
- Gastroenterology and Proctology Department, Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M B Garcia-Fabiani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata Rodolfo R. Brenner, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V A Ferretti
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Zwenger
- Grupo Oncológico Cooperativo del Sur (GOCS), Neuquén, Argentina
| | | | - A Llontop
- Pathology Department, Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Rojas Bilbao
- Pathology Department, Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V Cuartero
- Clinic Oncology Department, Functional Unit of Digestive Tumors, Instituto de Oncología Angel H. Roffo, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M C Abba
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Lacunza
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang K, Qiao L, Li X, Li S, Wang Y, Xu X, He C, Fang L. Profiling of Ubiquitination Modification Sites in Talin in Colorectal Carcinoma by Mass Spectrometry. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-8377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
12
|
Pal I, Rajesh Y, Banik P, Dey G, Dey KK, Bharti R, Naskar D, Chakraborty S, Ghosh SK, Das SK, Emdad L, Kundu SC, Fisher PB, Mandal M. Prevention of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in colorectal carcinoma by regulation of the E-cadherin-β-catenin-vinculin axis. Cancer Lett 2019; 452:254-263. [PMID: 30904616 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is compulsory for metastatic dissemination and is stimulated by TGF-β. Although targeting EMT has significant therapeutic potential, very few pharmacological agents have been shown to exert anti-metastatic effects. BI-69A11, a competitive Akt inhibitor, displays anti-tumor activity toward melanoma and colon carcinoma. This study provides molecular and biochemical insights into the effects of BI-69A11 on EMT in colon carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. BI-69A11 inhibited metastasis-associated cellular migration, invasion and adhesion by inhibiting the Akt-β-catenin pathway. The underlying mechanism of BI-69A11-mediated inhibition of EMT included suppression of nuclear transport of β-catenin and diminished phosphorylation of β-catenin, which was accompanied by enhanced E-cadherin-β-catenin complex formation at the plasma membrane. Additionally, BI-69A11 caused increased accumulation of vinculin in the plasma membrane, which fortified focal adhesion junctions leading to inhibition of metastasis. BI-69A11 downregulated activation of the TGF-β-induced non-canonical Akt/NF-κB pathway and blocked TGF-β-induced enhanced expression of Snail causing restoration of E-cadherin. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanism of BI-69A11-induced reversal of EMT in colorectal carcinoma cells in vitro, in vivo and in TGF-β-induced model systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Pal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India; Center for Lymphoid Malignancies, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Y Rajesh
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Payel Banik
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Goutam Dey
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Rashmi Bharti
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Deboki Naskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Sudip K Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Subhas Chandra Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India; I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, AvePark - 4805-017 Barco, Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, and VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
FAK and paxillin, two potential targets in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:31586-601. [PMID: 26980710 PMCID: PMC5058780 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating cancer in large part due to late diagnosis and a lack of effective screening tests. In spite of recent progress in imaging, surgery and new therapeutic options for pancreatic cancer, the overall five-year survival still remains unacceptably low. Numerous studies have shown that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is activated in many cancers including PDAC and promotes cancer progression and metastasis. Paxillin, an intracellular adaptor protein that plays a key role in cytoskeletal organization, connects integrins to FAK and plays a key role in assembly and disassembly of focal adhesions. Here, we have reviewed evidence in support of FAK as a potential therapeutic target and summarized related combinatorial therapies.
Collapse
|
14
|
Li T, Guo H, Song Y, Zhao X, Shi Y, Lu Y, Hu S, Nie Y, Fan D, Wu K. Loss of vinculin and membrane-bound β-catenin promotes metastasis and predicts poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:263. [PMID: 25496021 PMCID: PMC4320448 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Loss of cell-cell adhesion is important for the development of cancer invasion and metastasis. Vinculin, a key adhesion-related protein, can affect metastasis and prognosis in several tumours. Here, we determined the biological roles of vinculin in the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and evaluated its clinical significance as a potential disease biomarker. Methods The expression level of vinculin in CRC cell lines and tissues was measured using Real-Time PCR and western blotting. Moreover, vinculin function was analysed using Transwell assays and in vivo metastasis assays in gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Furthermore, the impact of vinculin together with membrane-bound β-catenin on the prognosis of 228 CRC patients was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) indicators was verified by immunohistochemistry in CRC tissues obtained from these patients. Result Vinculin expression was found to be significantly downregulated in highly metastatic CRC cell lines and metastatic tissues. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that vinculin suppressed invasion, migration and metastasis in CRC cells and that this suppression could be attenuated by silencing β-catenin. Moreover, the expression of vinculin and membrane-bound β-catenin were positively correlated in CRC tissues, and lack of vinculin expression emerged as an independent prognostic factor in patients with CRC. Finally, the loss of vinculin and membrane-bound β-catenin was associated with node metastasis, organ metastasis and expression of EMT indicators. Conclusion Our results suggest that vinculin may play specific roles in the EMT and metastasis of CRC and that loss of vinculin could be used as a prognostic factor for CRC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-263) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kaichun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology & State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
German AE, Mammoto T, Jiang E, Ingber DE, Mammoto A. Paxillin controls endothelial cell migration and tumor angiogenesis by altering neuropilin 2 expression. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1672-83. [PMID: 24522185 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.132316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a number of growth factors and receptors are known to control tumor angiogenesis, relatively little is known about the mechanism by which these factors influence the directional endothelial cell migration required for cancer microvessel formation. Recently, it has been shown that the focal adhesion protein paxillin is required for directional migration of fibroblasts in vitro. Here, we show that paxillin knockdown enhances endothelial cell migration in vitro and stimulates angiogenesis during normal development and in response to tumor angiogenic factors in vivo. Paxillin produces these effects by decreasing expression of neuropilin 2 (NRP2). Moreover, soluble factors secreted by tumors that stimulate vascular ingrowth, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also decrease endothelial cell expression of paxillin and NRP2, and overexpression of NRP2 reverses these effects. These results suggest that the VEGF-paxillin-NRP2 pathway could represent a new therapeutic target for cancer and other angiogenesis-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E German
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fanayan S, Smith JT, Lee LY, Yan F, Snyder M, Hancock WS, Nice E. Proteogenomic analysis of human colon carcinoma cell lines LIM1215, LIM1899, and LIM2405. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:1732-42. [PMID: 23458625 DOI: 10.1021/pr3010869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As part of the genome-wide and chromosome-centric human proteomic project (C-HPP), we have integrated shotgun proteomics approach and a genome-wide transcriptomic approach (RNA-Seq) of a set of human colon cancer cell lines (LIM1215, LIM1899 and LIM2405) that were selected to represent a wide range of pathological states of colorectal cancer. The combination of a standard proteomics approach (1D-gel electrophoresis coupled to LC/ion trap mass spectrometry) and RNA-Seq allowed us to exploit the greater depth of the transcriptomics measurement (∼ 9800 transcripts per cell line) versus the protein observations (∼ 1900 protein identifications per cell line). Conversely, the proteomics data were helpful in identifying both cancer associated proteins with differential expression patterns as well as protein networks and pathways which appear to be deregulated in these cell lines. Examples of potential markers include mortalin, nucleophosmin, ezrin, LASP1, alpha and beta forms of spectrin, exportin, the carcinoembryonic antigen family, EGFR and MET. Interaction analyses identified the large intermediate filament family, the protein folding network and adapter proteins in focal adhesion networks, which included the CDC42 and RHOA signaling pathways that may have potential for identifying phenotypic states representing poorly and moderately differentiated states of CRC, with or without metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Fanayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Deakin NO, Pignatelli J, Turner CE. Diverse roles for the paxillin family of proteins in cancer. Genes Cancer 2012; 3:362-70. [PMID: 23226574 DOI: 10.1177/1947601912458582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The paxillin family of intracellular scaffold proteins includes paxillin, Hic-5, and leupaxin, and all have been identified as key regulators of the cellular migration machinery in both 2- and 3-dimensional microenvironments. Herein, we provide insight into the roles of these proteins during tumorigenesis and metastasis, highlighting their functions in cancer initiation as well as tumor cell dissemination and survival. Furthermore, we speculate on the potential of paxillin family proteins as both future prognostic and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas O Deakin
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Choi DS, Choi DY, Hong BS, Jang SC, Kim DK, Lee J, Kim YK, Kim KP, Gho YS. Quantitative proteomics of extracellular vesicles derived from human primary and metastatic colorectal cancer cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2012; 1:18704. [PMID: 24009881 PMCID: PMC3760640 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v1i0.18704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells actively release extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, into surrounding tissues. These EVs play pleiotropic roles in cancer progression and metastasis, including invasion, angiogenesis, and immune modulation. However, the proteomic differences between primary and metastatic cancer cell-derived EVs remain unclear. Here, we conducted comparative proteomic analysis between EVs derived from human primary colorectal cancer cells (SW480) and their metastatic derivatives (SW620). Using label-free quantitation, we identified 803 and 787 proteins in SW480 EVs and SW620 EVs, respectively. Based on comparison between the estimated abundance of EV proteins, we identified 368 SW480 EV-enriched and 359 SW620 EV-enriched proteins. SW480 EV-enriched proteins played a role in cell adhesion, but SW620 EV-enriched proteins were associated with cancer progression and functioned as diagnostic indicators of metastatic cancer; they were overexpressed in metastatic colorectal cancer and played roles in multidrug resistance. As the first proteomic analysis comparing primary and metastatic cancer-derived EVs, this study increases our understanding of the pathological function of EVs in the metastatic process and provides useful biomarkers for cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sic Choi
- Department of Life Science and Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Molecular resistance fingerprint of pemetrexed and platinum in a long-term survivor of mesothelioma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40521. [PMID: 22905093 PMCID: PMC3414492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pemetrexed, a multi-folate inhibitor combined with a platinum compound is the first-line treatment of malignant mesothelioma, but median survival is still one year. Intrinsic and acquired resistance to pemetrexed is common, but its biological basis is obscure. Here we report for the first time a genome-wide profile of acquired resistance in the tumour from an exceptional case with advanced pleural mesothelioma and almost six years survival after 39 cycles of second-line pemetrexed/carboplatin treatment. Methodology and Principal Findings Genome-wide analysis with Illumina BeadChip Kit of 25,000 genes was performed on mRNA from pre-treatment and post-resistance biopsies from this individual as well on case and control samples from our previously published study (in total 17 samples). Cell specific expression of proteins encoded by selected genes were analysed by immunohistochemistry. Serial serum levels of CA125, CYFRA21-1 and SMRP levels were examined. TS protein, the main target of pemetrexed was overexpressed. Proteins and genes related to DNA damage response, elongation and telomere extension and repair related directly and indirectly to platinum resistance were overexpressed, as the CHK1 protein and the genes CHEK2, LIG3, POLD1, POLA2, FANCD2, PRPF19, RECQ5 respectively, the last two not previously described in mesothelioma. We observed a down-regulation of leukocyte transendothelial migration and cell adhesion molecules pathways. Silencing of NT5C in two mesothelioma cell lines did not sensitize the cells to Pemetrexed. Proposed resistance markers are TS, KRT7/ CK7, TYMP/ thymidine phosphorylase and down-regulated SPARCL1 and CDKN1B. Moreover, comparison of the primary expression of the sensitive versus a primary resistant case showed multi-fold overexpressed DNA repair, cell cycle, cytokinesis, and spindle formation in the latter. Serum CA125 and SMRP reflected the clinical and radiological course and tumour burden. Conclusions Genome-wide microarray of mesothelioma pre- and post-resistance biopsies indicated a novel resistance signature to pemetrexed/carboplatin that deserve validation in a larger cohort.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kalwa H, Sartoretto JL, Sartoretto SM, Michel T. Angiotensin-II and MARCKS: a hydrogen peroxide- and RAC1-dependent signaling pathway in vascular endothelium. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:29147-58. [PMID: 22773836 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.381517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MARCKS is an actin-binding protein that modulates vascular endothelial cell migration and cytoskeleton signaling (Kalwa, H., and Michel, T. (2011) J. Biol. Chem. 286, 2320-2330). Angiotensin-II is a vasoactive peptide implicated in vascular physiology as well as pathophysiology; the pathways connecting angiotensin-II and cytoskeletal remodeling are incompletely understood. Here we show that MARCKS is expressed in intact arterial preparations, with prominent staining of the endothelium. In endothelial cells, angiotensin-II-promoted MARCKS phosphorylation is abrogated by PEG-catalase, implicating endogenous H(2)O(2) in the angiotensin-II response. Studies using the H(2)O(2) biosensor HyPer2 reveal that angiotensin-II promotes increases in intracellular H(2)O(2). We used a Rac1 FRET biosensor to show that angiotensin-II promotes Rac1 activation that is attenuated by PEG-catalase. siRNA-mediated Rac1 knockdown blocks angiotensin-II-stimulated MARCKS phosphorylation. Cell imaging studies using a phosphoinositide 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) biosensor revealed that angiotensin-II PIP(2) regulation depends on MARCKS and H(2)O(2). siRNA-mediated knockdown of MARCKS or Rac1 attenuates receptor-mediated activation of the tyrosine kinase c-Abl and disrupts actin fiber formation. These studies establish a critical role for H(2)O(2) in angiotensin-II signaling to the endothelial cytoskeleton in a novel pathway that is critically dependent on MARCKS, Rac1, and c-Abl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Kalwa
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Deakin NO, Turner CE. Distinct roles for paxillin and Hic-5 in regulating breast cancer cell morphology, invasion, and metastasis. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:327-41. [PMID: 21148292 PMCID: PMC3031464 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-09-0790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reveals novel roles for the focal adhesion proteins paxillin and Hic-5 in regulating breast cancer invasion strategies and metastasis. Depletion of paxillin promotes a hypermesenchymal phenotype while dysregulating 3D adhesion dynamics. In contrast, RNAi of Hic-5 induces a hyperamoeboid phenotype with dysregulated RhoA/pMLC signaling. Individual metastatic tumor cells exhibit two interconvertible modes of cell motility during tissue invasion that are classified as either mesenchymal or amoeboid. The molecular mechanisms by which invasive breast cancer cells regulate this migratory plasticity have yet to be fully elucidated. Herein we show that the focal adhesion adaptor protein, paxillin, and the closely related Hic-5 have distinct and unique roles in the regulation of breast cancer cell lung metastasis by modulating cell morphology and cell invasion through three-dimensional extracellular matrices (3D ECMs). Cells depleted of paxillin by RNA interference displayed a highly elongated mesenchymal morphology, whereas Hic-5 knockdown induced an amoeboid phenotype with both cell populations exhibiting reduced plasticity, migration persistence, and velocity through 3D ECM environments. In evaluating associated signaling pathways, we determined that Rac1 activity was increased in cells devoid of paxillin whereas Hic-5 silencing resulted in elevated RhoA activity and associated Rho kinase–induced nonmuscle myosin II activity. Hic-5 was essential for adhesion formation in 3D ECMs, and analysis of adhesion dynamics and lifetime identified paxillin as a key regulator of 3D adhesion assembly, stabilization, and disassembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas O Deakin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang QW, Wang X, Wan YL, Liu YC, Zhu J. shRNA-mediated down-regulation of paxillin reduces cell invasion in human colon adenocarcinoma cell line SW480. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:1693-1697. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i16.1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated down-regulation of paxillin expression on cell invasion in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line SW480 in vitro.
METHODS: shRNA targeting the paxillin gene was constructed and transfected into SW480 cells. SW480 cells were divided into three groups: untransfected cells, cells transfected with a control shRNA, and those transfected with a paxillin-specific shRNA. After transfection, the invasion of cells was analyzed by Transwell migration assay.
RESULTS: The expression of paxillin was inhibited in SW480 cells after the transfection of paxillin-specific shRNA. The numbers of cells passing the Transwell membrane were significantly lower in cells transfected with the paxillin-specific shRNA than in untransfected cells and those transfected with control shRNA (23.33 ± 6.12 vs 62.00 ± 6.26, 55.00 ± 13.04, F = 30.976, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of paxillin gene expression reduces cell invasion in human colon adenocarcinoma cell line SW480 in vitro.
Collapse
|
23
|
Klopfleisch R, Klose P, Weise C, Bondzio A, Multhaup G, Einspanier R, Gruber AD. Proteome of Metastatic Canine Mammary Carcinomas: Similarities to and Differences from Human Breast Cancer. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:6380-91. [DOI: 10.1021/pr100671c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straβe 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patricia Klose
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straβe 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straβe 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Bondzio
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straβe 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Multhaup
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straβe 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straβe 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D. Gruber
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straβe 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany, Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|