1
|
St. Clair JB, Detanico T, Aviszus K, Kirchenbaum GA, Christie M, Carpenter JF, Wysocki LJ. Immunogenicity of Isogenic IgG in Aggregates and Immune Complexes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170556. [PMID: 28114383 PMCID: PMC5256993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A paradox in monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy is that despite the well-documented tolerogenic properties of deaggregated IgG, most therapeutic IgG mAb induce anti-mAb responses. To analyze CD4 T cell reactions against IgG in various physical states, we developed an adoptive transfer model using CD4+ T cells specific for a Vκ region-derived peptide in the hapten-specific IgG mAb 36–71. We found that heat-aggregated or immune complexes (IC) of mAb 36–71 elicited anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies, while the deaggregated form was tolerogenic. All 3 forms of mAb 36–71 induced proliferation of cognate CD4+ T cells, but the aggregated and immune complex forms drove more division cycles and induced T follicular helper cells (TFH) development more effectively than did the deaggregated form. These responses occurred despite no adjuvant and no or only trace levels of endotoxin in the preparations. Physical analyses revealed large differences in micron- and nanometer-sized particles between the aggregated and IC forms. These differences may be functionally relevant, as CD4+ T cell proliferation to aggregated, but not IC mAb 36–71, was nearly ablated upon peritoneal injection of B cell-depleting antibody. Our results imply that, in addition to denatured aggregates, immune complexes formed in vivo between therapeutic mAb and their intended targets can be immunogenic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Benjamin St. Clair
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver CO, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Thiago Detanico
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver CO, United States of America
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Katja Aviszus
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver CO, United States of America
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Greg A. Kirchenbaum
- Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Merry Christie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - John F. Carpenter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lawrence J. Wysocki
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver CO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brekke OH, Sandlie I. Therapeutic antibodies for human diseases at the dawn of the twenty-first century. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2003; 2:52-62. [PMID: 12509759 DOI: 10.1038/nrd984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 551] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are highly specific, naturally evolved molecules that recognize and eliminate pathogenic and disease antigens. The past 30 years of antibody research have hinted at the promise of new versatile therapeutic agents to fight cancer, autoimmune diseases and infection. Technology development and the testing of new generations of antibody reagents have altered our view of how they might be used for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. The therapeutic antibodies of today are genetically engineered molecules that are designed to ensure high specificity and functionality. Some antibodies are loaded with toxic modules, whereas others are designed to function naturally, depending on the therapeutic application. In this review, we discuss various aspects of antibodies that are relevant to their use as as therapeutic agents.
Collapse
|