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Lagies S, Pichler R, Kaminski MM, Schlimpert M, Walz G, Lienkamp SS, Kammerer B. Metabolic characterization of directly reprogrammed renal tubular epithelial cells (iRECs). Sci Rep 2018; 8:3878. [PMID: 29497074 PMCID: PMC5832874 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts can be directly reprogrammed to induced renal tubular epithelial cells (iRECs) using four transcription factors. These engineered cells may be used for disease modeling, cell replacement therapy or drug and toxicity testing. Direct reprogramming induces drastic changes in the transcriptional landscape, protein expression, morphological and functional properties of cells. However, how the metabolome is changed by reprogramming and to what degree it resembles the target cell type remains unknown. Using untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and targeted liquid chromatography-MS, we characterized the metabolome of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), iRECs, mIMCD-3 cells, and whole kidneys. Metabolic fingerprinting can distinguish each cell type reliably, revealing iRECs are most similar to mIMCD-3 cells and clearly separate from MEFs used for reprogramming. Treatment with the cytotoxic drug cisplatin induced typical changes in the metabolic profile of iRECs commonly occurring in acute renal injury. Interestingly, metabolites in the medium of iRECs, but not of mIMCD-3 cells or fibroblast could distinguish treated and non-treated cells by cluster analysis. In conclusion, direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into renal tubular epithelial cells strongly influences the metabolome of engineered cells, suggesting that metabolic profiling may aid in establishing iRECs as in vitro models for nephrotoxicity testing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lagies
- Center for Biosystems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Habsburgerstr. 49, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 19a, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman Pichler
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael M Kaminski
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Schlimpert
- Center for Biosystems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Habsburgerstr. 49, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 19a, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Walz
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Soeren S Lienkamp
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
- BIOSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Bernd Kammerer
- Center for Biosystems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Habsburgerstr. 49, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- BIOSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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Vitamin E, Vitamin C, or Losartan Is Not Nephroprotectant against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Presence of Estrogen in Ovariectomized Rat Model. Int J Nephrol 2012; 2012:284896. [PMID: 23056943 PMCID: PMC3463913 DOI: 10.1155/2012/284896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The nephroprotective effect of vitamins E and C or losartan against cisplatin (CP)- induced nephrotoxicity when they are accompanied by estrogen was investigated. Methods. The ovariectomized rats received estradiol valerate for two weeks. At the end of the first week, a single dose of CP (7 mg/kg, IP) was also administered, and they received placebo (group 1), vitamin E (group 2), vitamin C (group 3), or losartan (group 4) every day during the second week, and they were compared with another three control groups. Results. CP alone increased the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), and kidney tissue damage score (KTDS), significantly (P < 0.05), however at the presence of estradiol and CP, vitamin C, vitamin E, or losartan not only did not decrease these parameters, but also increased them significantly (P < 0.05). The serum level of superoxidase dismutase (SOD) was reduced by CP (P < 0.05), but it was increased when estradiol or estradiol plus vitamin C or losartan were added (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The particular pharmacological dose of estrogen used in this study abolish the nephroprotective effects vitamins C and E or losartan against CP-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Elton RC, Rhodes P, Fry JR. Evaluation of a Short-term Rat Proximal Tubule Incubation System for the Detection of Nephrotoxicants. Altern Lab Anim 1999; 27:433-48. [PMID: 25470683 DOI: 10.1177/026119299902700306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many nephrotoxic agents act primarily on proximal tubule cells. Accordingly, the optimal conditions for isolating rat proximal tubule fragments by a collagenase digestion technique and their short-term maintenance have been defined, and the viability of the preparation and its sensitivity to toxicants have been determined. Tubular fragment viability was maintained in incubation for up to 6 hours, as assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase leakage, levels of intracellular glutathione, and ATP content. In addition, tubular transport function was maintained, as determined by measuring the uptake of p-aminohippuric acid and α-methylglucose, which could be blocked by the selective inhibitors, probenecid and phloridzin, respectively. In this study, the toxicities of allyl alcohol, cephalosporins and cisplatin to proximal tubular fragments were investigated. Allyl alcohol toxicity was greater in tubular fragments isolated from female rats than in those from male rats. Cephaloridine was toxic, while cephalexin and cephalothin were not. These features were consistent with the known in vivo responses to these agents. Toxicity was evident after exposure to cisplatin, with an early reduction in tubular transport being noted. The results highlight the potential of the system described for the isolation and incubation of rat proximal tubule fragments to study xenobiotic-mediated nephrotoxicity. This system could be of benefit in the high-throughput toxicity screening of novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Elton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - P Rhodes
- Department of Strategic Toxicological Sciences, GlaxoWellcome, Ware, Herts. SG12 0PD, UK
| | - J R Fry
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Tokunaga J, Kobayashi M, Kitagawa A, Nakamura C, Arimori K, Nakano M. Protective effects of betamipron on renal toxicity during repeated cisplatin administration in rats and protective mechanism. Ren Fail 1998; 20:27-38. [PMID: 9509558 DOI: 10.3109/08860229809045087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of betamipron (BP, N-benzoyl-beta-alanine) against nephrotoxicity induced by repeated cisplatin injections were examined. The ratio of the kidney weight to body weight and the lipid peroxide level after treatment with cisplatin plus BP tended to be larger and lower than those after treatment with cisplatin plus alkaline solution, respectively. The blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and glutathione levels in the animals treated with cisplatin plus BP differed significantly from those in the animals treated with cisplatin plus alkaline solution. Furthermore, the mechanism of the preventive effects of BP was analyzed for cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The concentration of cisplatin in the renal cortex significantly decreased with concomitant BP. BP inhibited the uptake of cisplatin into the renal cortex in a competitive manner in the same way as an anionic transport inhibitor, probenecid. The treatment with BP appears to be useful for the renal toxicity induced by repeated cisplatin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tokunaga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services, Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan
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Tokunaga J, Kobayashi M, Nakamura C, Kitagawa A, Arimori K, Nakano M. Betamipron reduces cisplatin nephrotoxicity in rodents without modifying its antileukemic activity in mice. Ren Fail 1997; 19:425-38. [PMID: 9154659 DOI: 10.3109/08860229709047728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protective effects of betamipron (BP, N-benzoyl-beta-alanine), one of a series of N-acyl amino acids, on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity were examined. Since the damage observed in the kidney is localized to the proximal tubule cells, we investigated the influence of BP on urinary enzymes and excreta. Male Wistar rats and ddY mice were injected i.p. with 6 mg/kg and 16 mg/kg, respectively, of cisplatin combined with an i.p. 250 mg/kg BP dose. The toxicity of cisplatin as indicated by body weight gain, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels was significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed by administration of BP after cisplatin treatment. The increase in urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity, increase and subsequent decrease in gamma-glutamyl transferase activities, and increase in beta 2-microglobulin level observed after treatment with cisplatin were suppressed by administration of BP after cisplatin treatment. The combination of cisplatin and BP had no apparent effect on the efficacy of cisplatin against P388 leukemic cells in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tokunaga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Services Kumamoto University Hospital, Japan
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