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Jęśkowiak-Kossakowska I, Jawień P, Krzyżak E, Mączyński M, Szafran R, Szeląg A, Janeczek M, Wiatrak B. Search for immunomodulatory compounds with antiproliferative activity against melanoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114374. [PMID: 36774726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a highly aggressive neoplasm with a high degree of malignancy and rapid acquisition of resistance by cancer cells. METHODS Biological studies of a series of isoxazole compounds with immunomodulatory properties were preceded by in silico analysis. The assay evaluated the viability of NHDF and A375 cell cultures after the administration of isoxazole compounds after a 24-hour incubation period in the MTT test. Analyzes of ROS and NO scavenging, P-glycoprotein activity, and properties were performed. The levels of Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 were measured using ELISA to assess which pathways induced apoptosis by the tested compounds. On the chip, the synergistic effect of doxorubicin and the most active compound from the MM9 series on cells of the A375 melanoma line was determined. RESULTS All tested N'-substituted derivatives of 5-amino-N,3-dimethyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carbohydrazide with immunomodulatory activity show multidirectional antitumor activity on A375 melanoma lines with an affinity for P-glycoprotein, induction of free radical formation and generation of DNA damage leading to the death of cancer cells, as well as formation of complexes with DNA Topoisomerase II. Most of the tested compounds show pro-apoptotic activity. The most active compound in the series induces apoptosis in three distinct pathways and acts synergistically with doxorubicin. CONCLUSIONS The most active compound with immunomodulatory properties showed multidirectional antitumor activity against cells of the A375 melanoma line and also had a synergistic pro-apoptotic effect with doxorubicin, which may result in a reduction of this cytostatic dose with increased effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Jęśkowiak-Kossakowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Paulina Jawień
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25/27, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Edward Krzyżak
- Department of Basic Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marcin Mączyński
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Street, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Roman Szafran
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, ul. Norwida 4/6, 50-373 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Adam Szeląg
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Maciej Janeczek
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25/27, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Bąchor U, Junka A, Brożyna M, Mączyński M. The In Vitro Impact of Isoxazole Derivatives on Pathogenic Biofilm and Cytotoxicity of Fibroblast Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2997. [PMID: 36769319 PMCID: PMC9917413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial, biofilm-based infections of chronic wounds are one of the major challenges of contemporary medicine. The use of topically administered antiseptic agents is essential to treat wound-infecting microorganisms. Due to observed microbial tolerance/resistance against specific clinically-used antiseptics, the search for new, efficient agents is of pivotal meaning. Therefore, in this work, 15 isoxazole derivatives were scrutinized against leading biofilm wound pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and against Candida albicans fungus. For this purpose, the minimal inhibitory concentration, biofilm reduction in microtitrate plates, modified disk diffusion methods and antibiofilm dressing activity measurement methods were applied. Moreover, the cytotoxicity and cytocompatibility of derivatives was tested toward wound bed-forming cells, referred to as fibroblasts, using normative methods. Obtained results revealed that all isoxazole derivatives displayed antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxic effect, but antimicrobial activity of two derivatives, 2-(cyclohexylamino)-1-(5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl 5-amino-3-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylate (PUB9) and 2-(benzylamino)-1-(5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl 5-amino-3-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylate (PUB10), was noticeably higher compared to the other compounds analyzed, especially PUB9 with regard to Staphylococcus aureus, with a minimal inhibitory concentration more than x1000 lower compared to the remaining derivatives. The PUB9 and PUB10 derivatives were able to reduce more than 90% of biofilm-forming cells, regardless of the species, displaying at the same time none (PUB9) or moderate (PUB10) cytotoxicity against fibroblasts and high (PUB9) or moderate (PUB10) cytocompatibility against these wound cells. Therefore, taking into consideration the clinical demand for new antiseptic agents for non-healing wound treatment, PUB9 seems to be a promising candidate to be further tested in advanced animal models and later, if satisfactory results are obtained, in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Bąchor
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Junka
- Unique Application Model Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malwina Brożyna
- Unique Application Model Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Mączyński
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Yang J, Lin YR, Xiong BJ, Chen ZH, Luo YF, Xu Y, Su YP, Huang HH, Yu CX. Regulation effect of koumine on T-helper cell polarization in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 937:175387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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New Oxazolo[5,4- d]pyrimidines as Potential Anticancer Agents: Their Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Biological Activity Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911694. [PMID: 36232997 PMCID: PMC9569971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a large group of diseases in which the rapid proliferation of abnormal cells generally leads to metastasis to surrounding tissues or more distant ones through the lymphatic and blood vessels, making it the second leading cause of death worldwide. The main challenge in designing a modern anticancer therapy is to develop selective compounds that exploit specific molecular targets. In this work, novel oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic activity against a panel of four human cancer cell lines (lung carcinoma: A549, breast adenocarcinoma: MCF7, metastatic colon adenocarcinoma: LoVo, primary colon adenocarcinoma: HT29), along with their P-glycoprotein-inhibitory ability and pro-apoptotic activity. These oxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives, which are structurally similar to nucleic purine bases in general, are characterized by the presence of a pharmacologically favorable isoxazole substituent at position 2 and aliphatic amino chains at position 7 of the condensed heterocyclic system. In silico analysis of the obtained compounds identified their potent inhibitory activity towards human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Molecular docking was performed to assess the binding mode of new derivatives to the VEGFR-2 active site. Then, their physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacological properties (i.e., ADME-administration, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) were also predicted to assess their druglikeness. In particular, compound 3g (with a 3-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl substituent) was found to be the most potent against the HT29 cell line, with a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 58.4 µM, exceeding the activity of fluorouracil (CC50 = 381.2 μM) and equaling the activity of cisplatin (CC50 = 47.2 µM), while being less toxic to healthy human cells (such as normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs)) than these reference drugs. The results suggest that compound 3g is a potentially promising candidate for the treatment of primary colorectal cancer.
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Sochacka-Ćwikła A, Regiec A, Zimecki M, Artym J, Zaczyńska E, Kocięba M, Kochanowska I, Bryndal I, Pyra A, Mączyński M. Synthesis and Biological Activity of New 7-Amino-oxazolo[5,4- d]Pyrimidine Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153558. [PMID: 32759841 PMCID: PMC7436121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of novel 7-aminooxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines 5, transformations during their synthesis and their physicochemical characteristics have been described. Complete detailed spectral analysis of the intermediates 2-4, the N'-cyanooxazolylacetamidine by-products 7 and final compounds 5 has been carried out using MS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Theoretical research was carried out to explain the privileged formation of 7-aminooxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines in relation to the possibility of their isomer formation and the related thermodynamic aspects. Additionally, the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis for 5h was reported. Ten 7-aminooxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines 5 (SCM1-10) were biologically tested in vitro to preliminarily evaluate their immunological, antiviral and anticancer activity. Compounds SCM5 and SCM9 showed the best immunoregulatory profile. The compounds displayed low-toxicity and strongly inhibited phytohemagglutinin A-induced proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation of mouse splenocytes. Compound SCM9 caused also a moderate suppression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production in a human whole blood culture. Of note, the compounds also inhibited the growth of selected tumor cell lines and inhibited replication of human herpes virus type-1 (HHV-1) virus in A-549 cell line. Molecular investigations showed that the compounds exerted differential changes in expression of signaling proteins in Jurkat and WEHI-231 cell lines. The activity of SCM5 is likely associated with elicitation of cell signaling pathways leading to cell apoptosis. The compounds may be of interest in terms of therapeutic utility as inhibitors of autoimmune disorders, virus replication and antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Sochacka-Ćwikła
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Street, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.-Ć.); (M.M.)
| | - Andrzej Regiec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Street, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.-Ć.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-717-840-347; Fax: +48-717-840-341
| | - Michał Zimecki
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolf Weigl Street, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.A.); (E.Z.); (M.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Jolanta Artym
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolf Weigl Street, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.A.); (E.Z.); (M.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Ewa Zaczyńska
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolf Weigl Street, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.A.); (E.Z.); (M.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Maja Kocięba
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolf Weigl Street, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.A.); (E.Z.); (M.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Iwona Kochanowska
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolf Weigl Street, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (J.A.); (E.Z.); (M.K.); (I.K.)
| | - Iwona Bryndal
- Department of Drug Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Street, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Pyra
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 14 Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Marcin Mączyński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 211A Borowska Street, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.-Ć.); (M.M.)
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Isoxazole Derivatives as Regulators of Immune Functions. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102724. [PMID: 30360408 PMCID: PMC6222914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we present reports on the immunoregulatory properties of isoxazole derivatives classified into several categories, such as immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and immunostimulatory compounds. The compounds were tested in various models using resident cells from rodents and humans, cell lines, and experimental animal disease models corresponding to human clinical situations. Beneficial features of the described isoxazole derivatives include low toxicity and good bioactivity at low doses. In a majority of studies, the activities of investigated compounds were comparable or even higher than registered reference drugs. Whenever possible, a plausible mechanism of action of the investigated compounds and their potential therapeutic utility were proposed. Among the described compounds, particular attention was paid to the class of immune stimulators with a potential application in chemotherapy patients.
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Infrared spectra and other properties predictions of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarbohydrazide with electric field simulation using CPC model. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sysak A, Obmińska-Mrukowicz B. Isoxazole ring as a useful scaffold in a search for new therapeutic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 137:292-309. [PMID: 28605676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to its relatively easy synthesis, isoxazole ring has been as an object of interest for chemists and pharmacologists from research groups all over the world. Its chemical modifications include both connection of isoxazole with other aromatic, heteroaromatic or non aromatic rings and substitution with different alkyl groups. Thanks to their usually low cytotoxicity, isoxazole derivatives are still popular scaffolds for the development of new agents with variable biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anticonvulsant or anti-diabetic properties. This review discusses the chemical structure of recently developed isoxazole derivatives with regards to their activity and potential therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Sysak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
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Drynda A, Obmińska-Mrukowicz B, Zaczyńska E, Zimecki M, Kochanowska I, Ryng S, Mączyński M. 5-Amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid hydrazide derivatives with in vitro immunomodulatory activities. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 89:705-713. [PMID: 27779824 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isoxazoles are an important class of compounds of potential therapeutic value. The aim of this study was to determine immunotropic effects of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid hydrazide derivatives on spontaneous and mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in young and old mice, cytokine production by peritoneal cells as well as possible mechanism of action in a model of Jurkat cells. Three-month-old and 13-month-old BALB/c mice were used as donors of the cells from a thymus, a spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and a peritoneal cavity. Spontaneous and concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell proliferation was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric method. IL-1β and TNF-α production induced by LPS in macrophage-enriched peritoneal cell cultures was measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay. 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid hydrazide, 01K (4-phenyl-1-(5-amino-3-methylisoxazole-4-carbonyl)-thiosemicarbazide), and 06K (4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(5-amino-3-methylisoxazole-4-carbonyl)-thiosemicarbazide) exhibited regulatory activity in the proliferation tests. Prevailing stimulatory activity of the hydrazide and inhibitory activity of 01K and 06K was observed. Those effects were connected with different influence of the compounds on signaling proteins expression in Jurkat cells. The regulatory effects of the compounds on IL-1β production were more profound than those on TNF-α. Differences in the compound activity in young versus old mice were mainly restricted to 01K. Immunosuppressive isoxazole leflunomide and a stimulatory RM-11 (1,7-dimethyl-8-oxo-1,2H-isoxazole [5,4-e]triazepine) were applied as reference drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Drynda
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Zaczyńska
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Zimecki
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Iwona Kochanowska
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stanisław Ryng
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Mączyński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Płoszaj P, Regiec A, Ryng S, Piwowar A, Kruzel ML. Influence of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarbohydrazide on selective gene expression in Caco-2 cultured cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 38:486-494. [PMID: 27748636 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2016.1247854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid hydrazide (HIX) is a synthetic isoxazole derivative with a potential for development as an anti-inflammatory drug candidate. The goal of this study was to explore in vitro autoimmune and inflammatory gene modulation by HIX in human Caco-2 cultured cells. The effect of low dose of HIX was tested on the expression level of RNA in 24 h Caco-2 cultures using the QIAGEN Th17 for Autoimmunity & Inflammation RT2 Profiler PCR Array. We choose the PCR technology as the most reliable and sensitive gene expression profiling method for analyzing specific gene regulatory networks. In all experiments, Leflunomide (5-methyl-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-isoxazolecarboxamide), an immuno-suppressive disease-modifying antirheumatic drug was used, as a reference to clinical utility of the isoxazole derivatives. Changes in RNA levels were analyzed and differentially expressed genes with at least 2-fold change were identified. For the majority of genes tested, the effects of HIX and Leflunomide were similar, including up-regulation of CX3CL1 and IL-17F, and down-regulation of IL-10 and TLR4. However twelve genes were were differently regulated by the two compounds: interleukins (IL) IL-1B, IL-6 and a chemokine CCL22 were upregulated by HIX and significantly supressed by Leflunomide. In contrary, IL-2 and IL-27 were upregulated by Leflunomide and suppressed by HIX. The network search by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed, that majority of differentially expressed genes were involved in cellular inflammatory responses. These results suggest that 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarbohydrazide has a potential for future clinical developments with structure modification as a disease modifying agent in different than Leflunomide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Płoszaj
- a Department of Organic Chemistry , Wrocław Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Andrzej Regiec
- a Department of Organic Chemistry , Wrocław Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Stanisław Ryng
- a Department of Organic Chemistry , Wrocław Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwowar
- b Department of Toxicology , Wrocław Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Marian L Kruzel
- c Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , TX , USA
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Drynda A, Obmińska-Mrukowicz B, Zaczyńska E, Zimecki M, Ryng S, Mączyński M. Immunoregulatory effects of 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(5-amino-3-methylisoxazole-4-carbonyl)-thiosemicarbazide (06K) in non-immunized and SRBC-immunized mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:1613-1620. [PMID: 27781279 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immunoregulatory properties of 06K derivative (4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(5-amino-3-methylisoxazole-4-carbonyl)-thiosemicarbazide) in mouse in vivo models were investigated. METHODS Several in vivo models were used: humoral and cellular immune response, carrageenan inflammatory reaction and determination of lymphocyte subsets in non-immunized mice. KEY FINDINGS The compound administered before or after immunization with sheep erythrocytes (sheep red blood cell (SRBC)) elevated the number of plaque-forming cells (PFC), and this effect was stronger at lower doses. Although total haemagglutinin titres to SRBC decreased upon postimmunization treatment, IgG titre increased. In the model of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to ovalbumin (OVA), the compound, applied intraperitoneally before an eliciting dose of an antigen but not before immunization, inhibited the magnitude of a cutaneous reaction. Further, 06K significantly diminished carrageenan-induced foot pad inflammation when administered 1 h before carrageenan. The compound, administered intraperitoneally to naïve mice, elicited changes in weight, cell number in lymphoid organs and content of lymphocyte subsets, depending on the dose and number of applications. Phenotypic changes included increased turnover of thymocytes, changes in B-cell distribution in spleens and lymph nodes, increased percentage of CD8+ cells and regulatory CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS Immunoregulatory properties of 06K involve mobilization of lymphopoiesis and generation of regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Drynda
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Ewa Zaczyńska
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Zimecki
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stanisław Ryng
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Mączyński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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12
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Drynda A, Obmińska-Mrukowicz B, Mączyński M, Ryng S. The effect of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid hydrazide on lymphocyte subsets and humoral immune response in SRBC-immunized mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2015; 37:148-57. [PMID: 25572572 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2014.1000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
5-Amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid hydrazide is a non-cytotoxic synthetic isoxazole derivative with considerable immunomodulatory properties demonstrated in in vitro experiments. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of this compound, depending on the dosage and schedule of treatment, on lymphocyte subsets in non-immunized mice and humoral immune response in SRBC (sheep red blood cells)-immunized mice. An analysis of lymphocyte subsets was carried out by flow cytometry, using specific monoclonal antibodies stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) or phycoerythrin (PE). In the SRBC-immunized mice, the influence of the compound on the humoral response was determined, depending on the time of administration relative to the antigen. The number of plaque forming cells (PFC) was determined by a local hemolysis technique in an agar gel. Total and 2-mercaptoethanol resistant serum agglutination titers were defined by active hemagglutination test carried out on microplates. The investigated hydrazide was able to modulate the percentage and absolute number of T lymphocyte subsets in the thymus, and T and B lymphocytes in the peripheral lymphatic organs. It also enhanced humoral immune response in SRBC-immunized mice by increasing the number of cells producing hemolytic anti-SRBC antibodies (PFC) and by augmenting the level of total and 2-mercaptoethanol resistant hemagglutinin. The present study showed modulatory effects of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid hydrazide on lymphocyte subsets and humoral immune response in mice. This compound could be potentially useful for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, infections or as an adjuvant for boosting the efficacy of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Drynda
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wrocław , Poland and
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