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Lange S, Glatz T, Eiset AH. Association of pre-migration socioeconomic status and post-migration mental health in Syrian refugees in Lebanon: a descriptive sex-stratified cross-sectional analysis. Glob Health Res Policy 2024; 9:9. [PMID: 38439074 PMCID: PMC10910804 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-024-00347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refugee populations present with high levels of psychological distress, which may vary among sociodemographic characteristics. Understanding the distribution across these characteristics is crucial to subsequently provide more tailored support to the most affected according to their specific healthcare needs. This study therefore seeks to investigate the association between pre-migration socioeconomic status (SES) and post-migration mental health separately for male and female Syrian refugees in Lebanon. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, a cluster randomized sample of 599 refugees from Syria were recruited between 2016 and 2019 within 12 months after they fled to Lebanon. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between self-reported pre-migration SES and levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms assessed on the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) scale, both for the entire sample and stratified by sex. To assess the informative value of self-reported SES, its correlation with education variables was tested. All analyses were conducted in R version 4.3. RESULTS Using complete cases, 457 participants (322 female, 135 male) were included in the analyses. Females showed on average more symptoms of anxiety (Median: 2.5) and depression (Median: 2.4) than males (Median: 2.10 and 2.07, respectively). Below average SES was associated with significantly higher odds for mental illness compared to average SES (anxiety: OR 4.28, 95% CI [2.16, 9.49]; depression: OR 1.85, 95% CI [1.06, 3.36]). For anxiety, differences between SES strata were larger for males than females. The self-reported SES measure showed only a weak positive correlation with education. CONCLUSIONS This study adds additional descriptive data highlighting mental health differences in Syrian refugees in Lebanon, whereby below average SES is associated with worse mental health outcomes compared to average SES. These findings demand further research into the underlying mechanisms. Improving our understanding of the observed differences will provide valuable insights that can contribute to the future development of targeted measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Lange
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Toivo Glatz
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Halgreen Eiset
- Department of Public Health, Center for Global Health (GloHAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Clinic for PTSD and Anxiety, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Kan B, Xie Y. Impact of sports participation on life satisfaction among internal migrants in China: The chain mediating effect of social interaction and self-efficacy. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 243:104139. [PMID: 38237470 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of sports participation on the life satisfaction of internal migrants and its internal mechanism. METHODS A total of 579 valid samples were obtained from the 2017 Chinese General Social Survey data. The correlations among physical exercise, watching games (live), social interaction, self-efficacy, and life satisfaction were examined using Pearson correlation analyses. A chain mediating model was tested utilizing the PROCESS macro for IBM SPSS Statistics. RESULTS (a) Two forms of sports participation, physical exercise and watching games (live), are shown to impact the life satisfaction of internal migrants in China, though different mechanisms drive these effects; (b) the chain mediating effects of social interaction and self-efficacy in the relationship between sports participation and life satisfaction are established; and (c) self-efficacy is shown to be a mediator between physical exercise and life satisfaction but does not play a mediating role in the case of watching games (live). CONCLUSION This research indicates that sports participation can significantly influence the life satisfaction of internal migrants in China through the sequential mediation of social interaction and self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Kan
- School of Educational Science, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Xie
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.
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3
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Wang L, Chao J, Wu Y, Zhang N, Bao M. Social integration and utilization of national basic public health services among China's internal migrants with chronic diseases: A structural equation modelling approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25797. [PMID: 38352800 PMCID: PMC10862671 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Internal migrants with chronic diseases (IMCDs) are a specific subgroup of the internal migrants, but few studies have focused on health service utilization among this group. Social integration is an essential element in the maintenance of health and well-being in migrants. However, the measurement of social integration remains inconsistent. This study aimed to measure social integration more comprehensively and evaluate the association between social integration and National Basic Public Health Services (NBPHS) utilization among IMCDs in China, thereby providing theoretical support for health promotion among IMCDs. The data of this study were obtained from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) in 2017. A total of 9272 internal migrants who self-reported hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes were included in the analysis. Four factors were extracted through exploratory factor analysis to measure the social integration of IMCDs: psychological identity, community involvement, social security, and sociocultural adaptation. The results show the IMCDs underutilized NBPHS, with 26.80 % stating that they have not used any of the services in the NBPHS. We confirmed the positive association between social integration and NBPHS use among IMCDs. The social integration of IMCDs in developed regions was relatively worse than in developing regions, further exacerbating the underutilization of NBPHS in developed regions. Therefore, targeted government measures and supportive policies are necessary, especially in developed regions, to encourage IMCDs to participate in social organizations and community activities and stimulate their active participation in the NBPHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leixia Wang
- Health Management Research Center, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Jianqian Chao
- Health Management Research Center, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Yanqian Wu
- Health Management Research Center, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Health Management Research Center, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Min Bao
- Health Management Research Center, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
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Vonneilich N, Becher H, Bohn B, Brandes B, Castell S, Deckert A, Dragano N, Franzke CW, Führer A, Gastell S, Greiser H, Keil T, Klett-Tammen C, Koch-Gallenkamp L, Krist L, Leitzmann M, Meinke-Franze C, Mikolajczyk R, Moreno Velasquez I, Obi N, Peters A, Pischon T, Reuter M, Schikowski T, Schmidt B, Schulze M, Sergeev D, Stang A, Völzke H, Wiessner C, Zeeb H, Lüdecke D, von dem Knesebeck O. Associations of Migration, Socioeconomic Position and Social Relations With Depressive Symptoms - Analyses of the German National Cohort Baseline Data. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1606097. [PMID: 37533684 PMCID: PMC10391163 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1606097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We analyze whether the prevalence of depressive symptoms differs among various migrant and non-migrant populations in Germany and to what extent these differences can be attributed to socioeconomic position (SEP) and social relations. Methods: The German National Cohort health study (NAKO) is a prospective multicenter cohort study (N = 204,878). Migration background (assessed based on citizenship and country of birth of both participant and parents) was used as independent variable, age, sex, Social Network Index, the availability of emotional support, SEP (relative income position and educational status) and employment status were introduced as covariates and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) as dependent variable in logistic regression models. Results: Increased odds ratios of depressive symptoms were found in all migrant subgroups compared to non-migrants and varied regarding regions of origins. Elevated odds ratios decreased when SEP and social relations were included. Attenuations varied across migrant subgroups. Conclusion: The gap in depressive symptoms can partly be attributed to SEP and social relations, with variations between migrant subgroups. The integration paradox is likely to contribute to the explanation of the results. Future studies need to consider heterogeneity among migrant subgroups whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Vonneilich
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Becher
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Bohn
- NAKO e.V., Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Berit Brandes
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology (LG), Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Castell
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers (HZ), Braunschweig, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Andreas Deckert
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Nico Dragano
- Institute for Medical Sociology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claus-Werner Franzke
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Amand Führer
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), University Hospital in Halle, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Sylvia Gastell
- NAKO Study Center, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Halina Greiser
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
- State Institute of Health I, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolina Klett-Tammen
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers (HZ), Braunschweig, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Lena Koch-Gallenkamp
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Lilian Krist
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Leitzmann
- Deptartment of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Claudia Meinke-Franze
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), University Hospital in Halle, Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Ilais Moreno Velasquez
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers (HZ), Berlin, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center München, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres (HZ), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers (HZ), Berlin, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marvin Reuter
- Subject Sociology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- Leibniz-Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF), Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Essen University Hospital, Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Matthias Schulze
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany
- Institute of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Dmitry Sergeev
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Stang
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Essen University Hospital, Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Christian Wiessner
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology (LG), Bremen, Germany
| | - Daniel Lüdecke
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olaf von dem Knesebeck
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Carroll HA, Kvietok A, Pauschardt J, Freier LF, Bird M. Prevalence of common mental health disorders in forcibly displaced populations versus labor migrants by migration phase: A meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 321:279-289. [PMID: 36367496 PMCID: PMC9831668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Migration is not an event, but an interactive process whereby individuals on the move make decisions in their social and political contexts. As such, one expects migrant mental health to change over time. To examine this relationship, we conducted a meta-analysis, the first to our knowledge, to identify the impact of migration phase and migration type on the prevalence of mental health in migrant populations. We searched PubMed, PsycInfo, and Embase for studies published between January 1, 2010, and January 1, 2020 (Prospero ID: 192751). We included studies with international migrants reporting prevalence rates for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and/or anxiety. The authors extracted data from eligible studies and tabulated mental health prevalence rates, relevant migration condition (e.g., migration type or phase), and methods (e.g., sample size). Full text review resulted in n = 269 manuscripts included in the meta-analysis examining PTSD (n = 149), depression (n = 218), and anxiety (n = 104). Overall prevalence was estimated for PTSD (30.54 %, I2 = 98.94 %, Q = 10,443.6), depression (28.57 %, I2 = 99.17 %, Q = 13,844.34), and anxiety (25.30 %, I2 = 99.2 %, Q = 10,416.20). We also estimated the effect of methodological and migration factors on prevalence in PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Our findings reveal increased prevalence of mental health due to forced migration and being in the journey phase of migration, even when accounting for the influence of methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley A Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andrea Kvietok
- Department of Sociology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Julia Pauschardt
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luisa F Freier
- Department of Social and Political Science, Universidad del Pacífico, Lima, Peru
| | - Matthew Bird
- Graduate School, Universidad del Pacífico, Lima, Peru
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Chen F, Zheng M, Xu J, Hall BJ, Pan Y, Ling L, Chen W. Impact of migration status on incidence of depression in the middle-aged and elderly population in China: Exploring healthy migrant and salmon bias hypotheses from a mental health perspective. J Affect Disord 2022; 315:182-189. [PMID: 35926662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The healthy migrant and salmon bias hypotheses stipulate that those who are healthier are more likely to migrate (a selection effect) and unhealthy migrants have a greater tendency to return to their origin communities than healthier migrants. It remains unclear whether the hypotheses are relevant for mental health, although they have robust evidence for physical health. The current study expands the theoretical foundation underlying these hypotheses by exploring the impact of migration status on depression among the middle-aged and older population in China. METHOD Longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018 were used. Participants were divided into three groups, non-migrants, permanent migrants, and return-migrants according to their migration status. The Chinese version of 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to assess clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Incidence were estimated by each migration status and compared across strata using log-rank tests. Cox regression models were fit to assess the relationship between migration status and depression incidence. RESULTS A total of 9264 middle-aged and elderly participants were included, of whom 7047 (76.1 %) were non-migrants, 1065 (11.5 %) were permanent migrants, and 1152 (12.4 %) were return-migrants, respectively. Incidence rates of depression by different migration statuses were 76.6/103 person-years (73.7/103-79.7/103) in non-migrants, 62.9/103 person-years (55.9/103-70.6/103) in permanent migrants, and 67.3/103 person-years (60.7/103-74.5/103) in return-migrants. After controlling for covariates, only permanent migrants had significantly lower incidence of depression than non-migrants (HR: 0.85 (0.75, 0.96)). After stratifying by current place of residence, urban-permanent-migrants had a lower risk of depression than both rural and urban non-migrants, and the HRs and 95%CIs were 0.62 (0.52-0.74) and 0.81 (0.68-0.97). LIMITATIONS Migration statuses of participants may have changed over time, but due to the lack of raw data on migration status in 2013 and 2015, we used migration status at baseline. We were also not able to contextualize the migration experiences among those who migrated, and these trajectories may be heterogeneous. CONCLUSION Using depression as an indicator of mental health, the healthy migrant hypothesis was supported among middle-aged and elderly permanent migrants living in urban areas while the salmon bias hypothesis was not. Significant urban-rural inequities in mental health existed among different types of migrants. Especially among permanent migrants who have migrated and converted Hukou from their original registration place to their current residence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, #74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China; Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, #74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, #74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China; Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, #74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Longgang Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Brian J Hall
- Center for Global Health Equity, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, #74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, #74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China; Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, #74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, #74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China; Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, #74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Hermosilla S, Choi KW, Askari MS, Marks T, Denckla C, Axinn W, Smoller JW, Ghimire D, Benjet C. What can we learn about polytrauma typologies by comparing population-representative to trauma-exposed samples: A Nepali example. J Affect Disord 2022; 314:201-210. [PMID: 35810829 PMCID: PMC9869468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potentially traumatic events (PTEs) are common and associated with detrimental outcomes over the life-course. Previous studies exploring the causes and consequences of PTE-exposure profiles are often from high-income settings and fail to explore the implications of sample selection (i.e., population-representative versus PTE-restricted). METHODS Among individuals in the Nepal Chitwan Valley Family Study, latent class analyses (LCA) were performed on 11 self-reported PTEs collected by the Nepali version of the World Mental Health Consortium's Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 from 2016 to 2018, in a population-representative sample (N = 10,714), including a PTE-restricted subsample (N = 9183). Multinomial logistic regressions explored relationships between sociodemographic factors and class membership. Logistic regressions assessed relationships between class membership and psychiatric outcomes. RESULTS On average, individuals were exposed to 2 PTEs in their lifetime. A five-class solution showed optimal fit for both samples; however, specific classes were distinct. No single sociodemographic factor was universally associated with PTE class membership in the population-representative sample; while several factors (e.g., age, age at incident PTE, education, marital status, and migration) were consistently associated with class membership in the PTE-subsample. PTE class membership differentiated psychiatric outcomes in the population-representative sample more than the PTE-subsample. LIMITATIONS Primary limitations are related to the generalizability to high-income settings, debate on LCA model fit statistic usage for final class selection, and cross-sectional nature of data collection. CONCLUSIONS Although population-representative samples provide information applicable to large-scale, population-based programming and policy, PTE-subsample analyses may provide additional nuance in PTE profiles and their consequences, important for specialized prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Hermosilla
- Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Karmel W Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melanie S Askari
- Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Taylor Marks
- Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Christy Denckla
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Axinn
- Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dirgha Ghimire
- Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; Institute for Social and Environmental Research-Nepal, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Corina Benjet
- Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, there has been an increase in immigrant populations worldwide. This study aims to present the global prevalence of suicide between immigrants and refugees as well as to report the prevalence of suicide ideation, suicide mortality, suicide attempts, and plan of suicide. METHOD Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA's) rules were used as a guide in the current research path. PubMed and EMBASE were targeted for the study until December 2019. After collecting the data, the number of events and sample size extracted for each study and also pooled odds ratio and confidence interval (CI) were used to investigate the suicide ratio among immigrants and refugees compared to the native population. RESULTS Fifty-one studies were included in the meta-analysis to investigate suicide prevalence or suicide odds ratio. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 16% (CI: 0.12-0.20, I2 = 99.4%), for attempted suicide was 6% (CI: 0.05-0.08, I2 = 98.0%), and for suicide plan prevalence was 4% (CI: 0.00-0.08, I2 = 96.8%). The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 10% (CI: 0.04-0.17, I2 = 0.0%) in men and 17% (CI: 0.10-0.24, I2 = 96.8%) in women. The prevalence of attempted suicide was 1% (CI: 0.01-0.02, I2 = 0.0%) in men and 7% (CI: 0.03-0.10, I2 = 94.4%) in women. The odds ratio of suicide mortality among immigrants was 0.91 (CI: 0.90-0.93, p < 0.001; I2 = 97.6%) and for attempted suicide was 1.15 (CI: 1.10-1.20, p < 0.001; I2 = 92.0%). Begg's test (p = 0.933) (Egger test; p = 0.936) rejected publication bias. CONCLUSION Given the high prevalence of suicide, especially suicide ideation and suicide attempts in immigrants, increased attention needs to be paid to the mental health of this population.
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9
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Zhou F, Peng B, Chu M, Zhang H, Shi L, Ling L. Association between migration paths and mental health of new-generation migrants in China: The mediating effect of social integration. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:967291. [PMID: 36159950 PMCID: PMC9490027 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.967291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The new-generation migrants born in 1980 and later are large and vulnerable internal migrants in China. Migration paths and social integration are important factors to explain for their mental health. However, they faced difficulties in social integration varying from migration paths. We aimed to explore the mediating role of social integration between migration paths and the mental health of new-generation migrants. METHODS The migration paths included urban-to-urban, urban-to-rural, rural-to-urban and rural-to-rural. Mental health was assessed by the Kessler Screening Scale for Psychological Distress (K6) and the Perceived Stress Scales (PSS-4). Social integration was measured by economic integration, life integration, maintenance of the local culture, acceptance of the host culture and psychological integration. Multiple linear regressions with bootstrapping were used to examine the mediating effect. RESULTS A total of 9,830 new-generation migrants were included in this study. The mean age was 26.92 (SD = 4.47) years and the proportion of rural-to-urban migrants was 63.7%. Compared with the new generation of rural-to-rural migrants, rural-to-urban migrants had higher psychological distress (β = 0.305, 95% CI: 0.152-0.458) and perceived stress (β = 0.328, 95% CI: 0.199-0.456). The bootstrapping test found that two dimensions ("life integration" and "acceptance of the host culture") of social integration as a mediator weakened the negative effect of the rural-to-urban migration path on the mental health of new-generation migrants. CONCLUSION Rural-to-urban migrants had poorer mental health, and the association was mediated by their poorer social integration. The migration policies developed to enhance social integration could effectively improve the mental health of new-generation migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Zhou
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Sun Yat-sen Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boli Peng
- Department of Actuarial Science, School of Insurance, Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muyang Chu
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Sun Yat-sen Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lishuo Shi
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Sun Yat-sen Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Regmi PR, Aryal N, van Teijlingen E, Simkhada P, Adhikary P. Nepali Migrant Workers and the Need for Pre-departure Training on Mental Health: A Qualitative Study. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 22:973-981. [PMID: 31853806 PMCID: PMC7441079 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-019-00960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Every year around 1000 Nepali migrant workers die abroad. Every one in three females and one in ten males commit suicide, reflecting a high mental health risk among Nepali migrant workers. This study aims to identify triggers of mental ill-health among Nepali migrant workers and their perceptions on the need of mental health components in the pre-departure orientation programme. We conducted five focus group discussions (FGD) and seven in-depth interviews with Nepali migrant workers and eight semi-structured interviews with stakeholders working for migrants. Participants were invited at Kathmandu’s international airport on return from abroad, at hotels or bus stations near the airport, through organisations working for migrants, and participants’ network. All FGD and interviews were conducted in Kathmandu and audio recorded, transcribed and translated into English. Data were analyzed thematically. High expectations from families back home, an unfair treatment at work, poor arrangements of accommodation, loneliness and poor social life abroad were frequently reported factors for poor mental health. Access to mental health services abroad by Nepali migrant was also poor. We found little on mental health in the pre-departure orientation. We need to improve our knowledge of mental health risks to provide better, more focused and more up-to-date pre-departure training to new migrant workers leaving Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod R Regmi
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth House (B220), Bournemouth, BH1 3LH, UK.
| | - Nirmal Aryal
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth House (B220), Bournemouth, BH1 3LH, UK
| | - Edwin van Teijlingen
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth House (B220), Bournemouth, BH1 3LH, UK
| | - Padam Simkhada
- School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
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11
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Diop S, Turmes L, Juckel G, Mavrogiorgou P. [Postpartum depression and migration]. DER NERVENARZT 2020; 91:822-831. [PMID: 31720700 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-019-00828-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric research and care increasingly explore the connection between mental health and migration; however, it is striking that only a small number of analyses exist on the effect of migration on mental ailments specific to women. For example, even though postpartum depression regularly occurs among women with a migration background, in Germany and internationally there is a lack of knowledge on the epidemiology, particularly with respect to factors causing or contributing to postpartum depression among women with a migration background. Prospectively, culturally specific treatment options for women with a migration background are necessary to prevent chronification and subsequent harm to the mother and other family members. With this aim in mind, psychologists, psychiatrists and gynecologists should be aware of the specific factors contributing to the development of postpartum depression among women with a migration background. This overview article focuses on key aspects of postpartum depression, such as epidemiology, symptoms, risk factors and treatment concepts, while contextualizing them with respect to women's experience of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Diop
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Präventivmedizin, LWL-Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Alexandrinenstraße 1-3, 44791, Bochum, Deutschland
| | - Luc Turmes
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, LWL-Klinik Herten, Im Schloßpark 20, 45699, Herten, Deutschland
| | - Georg Juckel
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Präventivmedizin, LWL-Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Alexandrinenstraße 1-3, 44791, Bochum, Deutschland.
| | - Paraskevi Mavrogiorgou
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Präventivmedizin, LWL-Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Alexandrinenstraße 1-3, 44791, Bochum, Deutschland
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12
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Amiri S. Worldwide prevalence of smoking in immigration: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. J Addict Dis 2020; 38:567-579. [PMID: 32780650 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2020.1800888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Brydsten A, Cederström A, Rostila M. Young people's labour market patterns and later mental health: A sequence analysis exploring the role of region of origin for young people's labour market trajectories and mental health. SSM Popul Health 2020; 11:100600. [PMID: 32548233 PMCID: PMC7284057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiencing early employment disadvantage could lead to long-term labour market instability and labour market exclusion. Migrants showed more turbulent transitions between labour market states than natives. Belonging to a turbulent labour market trajectory is association with poor mental ill health in mid-life.
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14
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Klein EM, Brähler E, Petrowski K, Tibubos AN, Ernst M, Wiltink J, Michal M, Wild PS, Schulz A, Münzel T, König J, Lackner K, Pfeiffer N, Beutel ME. The association between recalled parental rearing behavior and depressiveness: a comparison between 1st immigrants and non-immigrants in the population-based Gutenberg Health Study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:367. [PMID: 32660581 PMCID: PMC7358206 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in immigrant youth have suggested differences in parenting patterns by immigration status. Knowledge of variation in recalled parenting pattern and its distinctive impact on mental health in adult immigrants, however, is limited. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate similarities and differences in recalled maternal and paternal rearing behavior and its association with depressiveness in adult 1st generation immigrants compared to non-immigrants. METHODS Seven hundred and forty-three 1st generation immigrants (M = 57.4, SD = 10.1 years) and 6518 non-immigrants (M = 60.3, SD = 10.7 years) participated in a population-based study. Regarding countries of origin, the largest subgroups were immigrants from Eastern-Europe, Former-SU, and Arabic-Islamic countries. All participants completed the ultra-short version of The Recalled Parental Rearing Behavior-questionnaire and the PHQ-9 assessing depressiveness. Multiple linear regressions with depressiveness as outcome variable were analyzed separately for each facet of parental rearing behavior adjusting for socio-demographic and migration-related variables. RESULTS In addition to differences in depressiveness and socioeconomic status, 1st generation immigrants recalled both their mothers and fathers as more controlling and overprotecting than non-immigrants. Parental emotional warmth was negatively associated with depressiveness across all groups. The relationship between parental control, respectively parental rejection and depressiveness, however, varied in direction and severity between the groups. CONCLUSION The results support the notion that parental warmth is a universal protective factor against depressiveness, whereas the impact of parental control on mental health might be more culturally influenced. Analyses point to the importance of considering the unique contribution of fathers' rearing behavior on mental health, particularly in immigrant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Klein
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Petrowski
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany ,grid.410607.4Medical Psychology and Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ana N. Tibubos
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mareike Ernst
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Wiltink
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Michal
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp S. Wild
- grid.410607.4Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany ,grid.410607.4Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulz
- grid.410607.4Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany ,grid.410607.4Center for Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochem König
- grid.410607.4Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl Lackner
- grid.410607.4Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- grid.410607.4Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred E. Beutel
- grid.410607.4Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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15
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Nakash O, Hayat T, Abu Kaf S, Cohen M. Association between Knowledge about How to Search for Mental Health Information and Emotional Distress among Older Adults: The Moderating Role of Immigration Status. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2020; 63:78-91. [PMID: 31889477 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2019.1709247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mental health literacy (MHL) provides a framework to overcome barriers to service use and reduce mental health disparities through public education. Acquiring basic knowledge about mental health problems can guide subsequent help-seeking behavior. Improving knowledge about how to search for mental health information is a critical first step in improving MHL. In this study, we examined the association between knowledge about how to search for mental health information and emotional distress among older adults. We further examined the moderating role of immigration status in this association. A sample of 605 older adults participated in the study (N = 357 Native Israelis; N = 222 Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union). Participants completed self-report measures assessing MHL and emotional distress. Our findings show that Native Israelis reported significantly lower levels of emotional distress and higher levels of knowledge about how to search for mental health information compared to immigrants. Moreover, while among native older adults, increased knowledge about how to search for mental health information was associated with lower emotional distress, among immigrant seniors there was no significant association between these variables. Our findings suggest that differences among immigrant and native older adults can impact the effectiveness of the mental health knowledge that is accessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ora Nakash
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzilya, Israel
- School for Social Work, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tsahi Hayat
- Sami Offer School of Communication, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzilya, Israel
| | - Sarah Abu Kaf
- Conflict Management & Resolution Program, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Michal Cohen
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzilya, Israel
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16
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Dhungana RR, Aryal N, Adhikary P, Kc RK, Regmi PR, Devkota B, Sharma GN, Wickramage K, van Teijlingen E, Simkhada P. Psychological morbidity in Nepali cross-border migrants in India: a community based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1534. [PMID: 31730454 PMCID: PMC6858657 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since Nepali cross-border migrants can freely enter, work and stay in India, they are largely undocumented. The majority is involved in semi-skilled or unskilled jobs with limited labour rights and social security, a fact which predisposes them to psychological distress. We aimed to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with psychological morbidity among Nepali migrants upon their return from India. METHODS A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in six districts of Nepal between September 2017 and February 2018. A total of 751 participants who had worked at least six months in India and returned to Nepal were interviewed from 24 randomly selected clusters. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)-12 was used to measure the psychological morbidity. Data were analysed using Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS The majority was younger than 35 years (64.1%), male (96.7%), married (81.8%), had at least a primary education (66.6%), and belonged to Dalit, Janajati and religious minorities (53.7%). The prevalence of psychological morbidity was 13.5% (CI: 11.2-16.1%). Participants aged 45 years and above (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 2.74), from the Terai (aPR = 3.29), a religious minority (aPR = 3.64), who received no sick leave (aPR = 2.4), with existing health problems (aPR = 2.0) and having difficulty in accessing health care (aPR = 1.88) were more likely than others to exhibit a psychological morbidity. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that psychological morbidity was prevalent in the study participants and varied significantly with individual characteristics, work conditions and health. Multifaceted approaches including psychological counselling for returnees and protection of labour and health rights in the workplace are recommended to help reduce psychological morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Ram Dhungana
- Green Tara Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal. .,Institute for Health & Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Nirmal Aryal
- Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Pratik Adhikary
- Green Tara Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.,School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | | | - Pramod Raj Regmi
- Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Padam Simkhada
- Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK.,International School of Health and Human Science, The University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
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17
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Depressive Symptoms among Industrial Workers in Vietnam and Correlated Factors: A Multi-Site Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091642. [PMID: 31083499 PMCID: PMC6539422 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Depressive disorders have been found to be a significant health issue among industrial workers, resulting from work-related factors and causing serious burdens for the workers as well as their employers. Literature on mental health problems of Vietnamese industrial workers has been limited, despite the rapid foreign investment-fueled industrialization process of the country. This study aimed to fill the gap in literature by examining the prevalence of depressive disorders and their potential associated factors among a cohort of Vietnamese industrial workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 industrial areas in Hanoi and Bac Ninh. A total of 289 workers agreed to participate in the study. Generalized linear mixed models were applied to identify associated factors with depression status of respondents. 38.6% of participants reported suffering depression. Factors found to be positively associated with the possibility of having depression and higher PHQ9 score were long working hours, suffering more health problems, and health hazards exposure at work. Meanwhile, being females, having more children, living with parents, engaging in smoking, and being local workers were found to correlate with lower likelihood of being depressed. The findings suggested the importance of regular health screening, work safety assurance, and social support outside of workplace on the mental health of the workers.
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18
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Brydsten A, Rostila M, Dunlavy A. Social integration and mental health - a decomposition approach to mental health inequalities between the foreign-born and native-born in Sweden. Int J Equity Health 2019; 18:48. [PMID: 30944004 PMCID: PMC6889340 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-019-0950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing mental health inequalities between native- and foreign-born persons in Sweden is an important public health issue. Improving social integration has been stressed as a key strategy to combat this development. While a vast amount of studies have confirmed the importance of social integration for good mental health, less is known about the role of different types of social integration, and how they relate to mental health inequalities. This study aimed to examine the extent to which indicators of social integration explained mental health inequalities between the native- and foreign-born. Methods Based on the Health on Equal Terms survey from 2011/2015 in Västra Götaland, Sweden (n = 71,643), a non-linear Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition analysis was performed comparing native- and foreign-born individuals from Nordic-, European- and non-European countries. The General Health Questionnaire was used to assess psychological distress, while 11 items assessed employment conditions and economic disparities, social relations, and experiences of discrimination to measure different aspects of social integration. Results Differences in social integration explained large proportions of observed mental health differences between the native- and foreign-born. Important indicators included low levels of social activity (20%), trust in others (17%) and social support (16%), but also labour market disadvantages, such as being outside the labour market (15%), unemployment (10%) and experiencing financial strain (16%). In analyses stratified by region of origin, low trust in others and discrimination contributed to the mental health gap between the native-born and European-born (17 and 9%, respectively), and the native-born and non-European-born (19 and 10%, respectively). Precarious labour market position was a particularly important factor in the mental health gap between the native-born and Nordic-origin (22%), and non-European origin (36%) populations. Conclusion Social integration factors play a central role in explaining the mental health inequality between natives and migrants in Sweden. Our findings suggest that public health actions targeting mental health gaps could benefit from focusing on inequalities in social and economic recourses between natives and migrants in Sweden. Areas of priority include improving migrants’ financial strain, as well as increasing trust in others and social support and opportunities for civic engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brydsten
- Department of Public Health Science, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, SE-105 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Rostila
- Department of Public Health Science, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, SE-105 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Dunlavy
- Department of Public Health Science, Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, SE-105 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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De Rosa C, Sampogna G, Luciano M, Del Vecchio V, Fabrazzo M, Fiorillo A. Social versus biological psychiatry: It's time for integration! Int J Soc Psychiatry 2018; 64:617-621. [PMID: 29649926 DOI: 10.1177/0020764017752969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corrado De Rosa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Del Vecchio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Fabrazzo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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20
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Predictors of mental health among Angolan migrants living in Portugal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MIGRATION, HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE 2018. [DOI: 10.1108/ijmhsc-03-2017-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of mental health among Angolan migrants living in Portugal. Three research questions guided this work: What is the influence of demographic factors on the mental health of Angolan migrants? What is the influence of acculturation factors on their mental health? What is the influence of adaptation factors on their mental health?
Design/methodology/approach
The sample consisted of 252 Angolan migrants living in Portugal (50.8 percent females) with a mean age of 36 years. The mean duration of stay in Portugal was 21 years.
Findings
The predictive factors – demographic, acculturation and adaptation factors – were significantly associated with Angolan migrants’ mental health. However, acculturation and adaptation factors accounted for a larger proportion of the explained variance in mental health problems than demographic factors. The major predictors of mental health problems were sociocultural adaptation, perceived discrimination and loneliness. Implications of the findings for future research and psychosocial interventions are discussed.
Originality/value
This study shed some light on the predictive factors of mental health problems among adult Angolan immigrants in Portugal, a previously neglected group of migrants in the research literature. Adding to existing knowledge on the mental health outcomes of migration, the findings suggest that, for this group, sociocultural adaptation, perceived discrimination and loneliness were the main predictors of psychological problems, rather than demographic factors. This evidence may be useful in the development of psychosocial interventions and policy to support Angolan migrants in their adaptation to Portuguese culture.
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21
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Zhong BL, Liu TB, Chan SSM, Jin D, Hu CY, Dai J, Chiu HFK. Common mental health problems in rural-to-urban migrant workers in Shenzhen, China: prevalence and risk factors. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2018; 27:256-265. [PMID: 28067189 PMCID: PMC6998856 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796016001141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Rural-to-urban migrant workers are a large marginalised population in urban China. Prevalence estimates of common mental health problems (CMHPs) in previous studies varied widely and very few studies have investigated migration-related factors of CMHPs in migrant workers. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of CMHPs among Chinese migrant workers. METHODS A random sample of 3031 migrant workers of ten manufacturing factories in Shenzhen, China, completed a standardised questionnaire containing socio-demographic and migration-related variables and the Chinese 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). A GHQ-12 score of three or higher was used to denote the presence of CMHPs. RESULTS The prevalence of CMHPs was 34.4% in Chinese migrant workers. In multiple logistic regression, risk factors for CMHPs included being 16-25 years old (odd ratio [OR] 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28, 2.12), being 26-35 years old (OR 1.36, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.75), low monthly income (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.04, 1.92), poor living condition (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.22, 2.54), physical illness in the past 2 weeks (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.43, 2.05), having worked in many cities (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.03, 1.74), infrequently visiting hometown (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.22, 1.99), poor Mandarin proficiency (OR 1.51, 95%CI 1.13, 2.01), a low level of perceived benefits of migration (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.14, 1.55) and working more than 8 h/day (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.14, 1.70). CONCLUSIONS CMHPs are very prevalent among Chinese migrant workers. Given the large number of Chinese migrant workers, there is an urgent need to address the mental health burden of China's migrant worker population.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. L. Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Affiliated Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - T. B. Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - S. S. M. Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - D. Jin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - C. Y. Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - J. Dai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - H. F. K. Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Lin Y, Zhang Q, Chen W, Ling L. The social income inequality, social integration and health status of internal migrants in China. Int J Equity Health 2017; 16:139. [PMID: 28778201 PMCID: PMC5545016 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-017-0640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To examine the interaction between social income inequality, social integration, and health status among internal migrants (IMs) who migrate between regions in China. Methods We used the data from the 2014 Internal Migrant Dynamic Monitoring Survey in China, which sampled 15,999 IMs in eight cities in China. The Gini coefficient at the city level was calculated to measure social income inequality and was categorized into low (0.2 < Gini <= 0.3), medium (0.3 < Gini <= 0.4), high (0.4 < x < = 0.5), and very high (Gini >0.5). Health status was measured based upon self-reported health, subjective well-being, and perceptions of stress and mental health. Social integration was measured from four perspectives (acculturation and integration willingness, social insurance, economy, social communication). Linear mixed models were used to examine the interaction effects between health statuses, social integration, and the Gini coefficient. Results Factors of social integration, such as economic integration and acculturation and integration willingness, were significantly related to health. Social income inequality had a negative relationship with the health status of IMs. For example, IMs in one city, Qingdao, with a medium income inequality level (Gini = 0.329), had the best health statuses and better social integration. On the other hand, IMs in another city, Shenzhen, who had a large income inequality (Gini = 0.447) were worst in health statues and had worse social integration. Conclusion Policies or programs targeting IMs should support integration willingness, promote a sense of belonging, and improve economic equality. In the meantime, social activities to facilitate employment and create social trust should also be promoted. At the societal level, structural and policy changes are necessary to promote income equity to promote IMs’ general health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Lin
- Faculty of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Wen Chen
- Faculty of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ling
- Faculty of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Center for Migrant Health Policy, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Present Address: Sun Yat-sen University, (North Campus), #74, Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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23
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What Does Migration Mean to Us? USA and Russia: Relationship Between Migration, Resilience, Social Support, Happiness, Life Satisfaction, Depression, Anxiety and Stress. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-017-9627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Habtamu K, Minaye A, Zeleke WA. Prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorders among Ethiopian migrant returnees from the Middle East and South Africa. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:144. [PMID: 28420374 PMCID: PMC5395750 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethiopian migrants to the Middle East and South Africa experience a range of problems at various stages of their migration including overwork, sleep deprivation, denial of food, emotional abuse, difficulty adapting to the host culture, salary denial, sexual abuse, labor exploitation, confiscation of their travel documents, confinement, denial of medication, lack of access to legal service and degrading attitude by employers, traffickers and smugglers. These experiences can be associated with different types of mental disorders. This study sought to determine the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) and socio-demographic and other migration related associated factors among Ethiopian migrant returnees from the Middle East and South Africa. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted using non-probability (i.e. purposive, availability and snowball) sampling techniques. Migrant returnees (n = 1036) were contacted individually at their homes in eight high prevalent immigrant returnee locations in Ethiopia. Common mental disorders were assessed using the self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20) and a structured questionnaire was employed to collect data on socio-demographic and migration related characteristics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, univariate logistic regression, and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of CMD among migrant returnees was found to be 27.6%. Highly prevalent specific CMD symptoms included headaches, poor appetite, being tired, sleeping problems, and feeling unhappy or nervous. Being originally from Amhara and Oromia regions, being Christian, being divorced, not receiving salary on time, not being able to contact family, unable to prepare for domestic labor abroad, lack of cross- cultural awareness, and lack of knowledge and skills for work were all important risk factors for CMD. Migrants experienced adversities at different stages of their migration which are associated with psychological distress and even to long term mental illnesses. CONCLUSIONS CMD symptoms were found to be prevalent among Ethiopian migrant returnees. As pre-migration factors are associated with CMD symptoms, pre-departure training could be useful to mitigate the risk factors. Creating and routinely arranging mental health interventions and rehabilitation services are advisable for returnees who are screened for, or diagnosed with, mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassahun Habtamu
- School of Psychology, College of Education and Behavioral Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. BOX: 150588, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Abebaw Minaye
- 0000 0001 1250 5688grid.7123.7School of Psychology, College of Education and Behavioral Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O. BOX: 150588, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Waganesh A. Zeleke
- 0000 0001 2364 3111grid.255272.5Department of Counseling, Psychology and Special Education, Duquesne University, 209-C Canevin Hall, 600, Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA
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25
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Leivonen S, Scharf JM, Mathews CA, Chudal R, Gyllenberg D, Sucksdorff D, Suominen A, Voutilainen A, Brown AS, Sourander A. Parental Psychopathology and Tourette Syndrome/Chronic Tic Disorder in Offspring: A Nationwide Case-Control Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 56:297-303.e4. [PMID: 28335873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the associations between maternal and paternal psychiatric diagnoses and Tourette syndrome (TS)/chronic tic disorder (CT) in a nationwide study. METHOD This nested case-control study linked data derived from three national registers. All singletons born and diagnosed with TS/CT in Finland between January 1991 and December 2010 were identified (n = 1,120) and matched to four controls (n = 4,299). Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the associations between parental psychopathology and TS/CT. RESULTS Altogether, 24.9% of patients with TS/CT and 12.0% of controls had a mother with a psychiatric diagnosis. Similarly, 17.9% and 12.9% had a father with a psychiatric diagnosis. Any maternal and any paternal psychiatric diagnosis was associated with offspring TS/CT (odds ratio [OR] 2.3; 95% CI 1.9-2.7 and OR 1.2; 95% CI 1.01-1.5, respectively). The association between maternal psychiatric diagnosis and TS/CT was stronger than that between paternal psychiatric diagnosis and TS/CT (p < .001). Maternal personality disorders (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.9-5.1), anxiety disorders (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.9-3.5), affective disorders (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.8-2.9), psychotic disorders (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.3), and addiction disorders (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.8) were associated with TS/CT. Paternal OCD (OR 6.5, 95% CI 1.1-39.5) and anxiety disorders (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.3) were associated with TS/CT. CONCLUSION Parental psychiatric diagnoses (especially in the mother) are associated with diagnosed offspring TS/CT. Further studies are required before the results can be generalized to all children with TS/CT. The associations between maternal psychiatric disorders and TS may reflect both maternal specific environmental and/or genetic influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Leivonen
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Child Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jeremiah M Scharf
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | | | - Roshan Chudal
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - David Gyllenberg
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Dan Sucksdorff
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Auli Suominen
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Arja Voutilainen
- Child Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alan S Brown
- Columbia University Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City
| | - Andre Sourander
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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Beutel ME, Jünger C, Klein EM, Wild P, Lackner KJ, Blettner M, Banerjee M, Michal M, Wiltink J, Brähler E. Depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation among 1(st) and 2(nd) generation migrants - results from the Gutenberg health study. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:288. [PMID: 27516075 PMCID: PMC4982128 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though migrants constitute a large proportion of the German population, there is a lack of representative studies on their mental health. Hence, the present study explored mental health characteristics and suicidal ideation comparing 1(st) and 2(nd) generation migrants to non-migrants and subgroups within 1(st) generation migrants. METHODS We investigated cross-sectional data of 14,943 participants of the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS), a population-based, prospective, single-center cohort study in Mid-Germany (age 35 to 74 years). Migration status was assessed according to the German microcensus criteria. Depression and anxiety were measured by the PHQ (PHQ-8, GAD-2, Panic module), social anxiety by the Mini SPIN and Distressed Personality (Type D) by the DS-14. Suicidal ideation was assessed by the single item of the PHQ-9. RESULTS A total of n = 3,525 participants had a migration background; the proportion of 1(st) generation (immigrated after 1949) migrants was 10.6 % (2(nd) generation 13 %). Among the 1(st) generation migrants those with Polish (N = 295) and Turkish (N = 141) origins were the largest groups from single countries. Controlling for sex, age and socioeconomic status, 1(st) generation migrants reported significantly more depression (OR 1.24; CI 1.01-1.52), generalized anxiety (OR 1.38; CI 1.13-1.68), panic attacks in the past 4 weeks (OR 1.43; CI 1.16-1.77); Type D (OR 1.28; CI 1.13-1.45) and suicidal ideation (1.44; CI 1.19-1.74) compared to non-migrants. The mental health of 2(nd) generation migrants did not differ from native Germans; they had the highest socioeconomic status of the three groups. Compared to native Germans, Turkish migrants of both sexes reported more depression and panic, particularly a strongly increased suicidal ideation (OR 3.02; CI 1.80-5.04) after taking sex, age, and socioeconomic status into account. Polish migrants only reported an increased rate of suicidal ideation and Type D. Turkish migrants exceeded Polish migrants regarding depression (OR = 2.61; 95 % CI 1.21-5.67), and panic attacks (OR=3.38; 95 % CI 1.45-7.85). In the subgroup analyses years lived in Germany was not significant. CONCLUSIONS One of few representative community studies shows that compared to native Germans depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation were more frequently reported by 1(st) generation migrants, particularly of Turkish origin. Overall, 2(nd) generation migrants appear to have adjusted successfully. Limitations refer to a lack of data for persons without German language skills and missing mental health data in the Turkish sample. Further analyses need to address causes of mental strains and health care needs and provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred E. Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Claus Jünger
- Medical Clinic for Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva M. Klein
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Wild
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine 2, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany ,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine Main, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl J. Lackner
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria Blettner
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mita Banerjee
- Department of English and Linguistics, American Studies, Center for Comparative Native and Indigenous Studies, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Michal
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Wiltink
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
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Association between Social Integration and Health among Internal Migrants in ZhongShan, China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148397. [PMID: 26863008 PMCID: PMC4749174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal migrants are the individuals who migrate between regions in one country. The number of internal migrants were estimated at 245 million in China in 2013. Results were inconsistent in the literature about the relationship between their health statuses and social integration. The main difference exists on how to measure the social integration and whether health statuses of internal migrants improve with years of residence. To complement the existing literature, this study measured social integration more comprehensively and estimated the internal migrants’ health statuses with varying years of residence, and explored the associations between the migrants’ social integration and health. We used the data from 2014 Internal Migrant Dynamic Monitoring Survey of Health and Family Planning in ZhongShan, China. Health status was measured from four aspects: self-reported health, subjective well-being, perception of stress, mental health. We measured social integration through four dimensions: economy, social communication, acculturation, and self-identity. The analyses used multiple linear regressions to examine the associations between self-reported health, subjective well-being, and perception of stress, mental health and social integration. The analytical sample included 1,999 households of the internal migrants and 1,997 local registered households, who were permanent residents in ZhongShan. Among the internal migrants, Adults in the labor force, who were aged 25 to 44 years old, accounted for 91.2% of the internal migrant population, while 74.6% of the registered population were in that age group. Median residential time among migrants was 2.8 (1.3–6.2) years, and 20.2% of them were migrating in the same Guangdong province. Except for mental health, other health statuses among migrants had significant differences compared with local registered population, e.g. self-reported health was better, but subjective well-being was worse. However, these health measurements were improved with more years of residence. Moreover, our results show that two aspects of social integration, economic integration and self-identity, were significantly associated with health status. Subjective feeling of relative social status levels were more associated with health, which prompted the attention to social fairness and the creation of a fair and respectful culture. More interventions could be experimented, such as encouraging internal migrants to participate in community activities more actively, educating local registered residents to treat internal migrants more equally, and developing self-identity among internal migrants. Better social, economic, and cultural environment can benefit internal migrants’ health statuses.
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